全球化背景下国际商务活动中中美文化冲突根源对策论文

国际商务活动中中美文化冲突的根源与对策国际商务活动中中美文化冲突的根源与对策论文摘要：在全球话背景下，国际商务活动越来越频繁。

国际商务活动中总会存在因文化差异而导致的文化冲突。

尤其是在中国和美国这两个世界大国之间，经济交往日益频繁。

但却因两国的文化差异巨大而经常出现文化冲突，甚至影响国际商务活动的顺利进行。

本文就全球化背景下国际商务活动中中美文化冲突的根源进行剖析，从而提出切实有效的对策。

论文关键词：国际商务;文化差异;根源;对策一、概述中国改革开发后，越来越多的国外企业和中国企业建立起合作关系;而中国加入世界贸易组织后，越来越多的中国企业也走向世界。

伴随着经济全球化的进程，国际商务活动频繁进行，文化冲突也日益严重，而正确地进行跨文化交际就日显重要。

而在国际商务活动的过程中，文化差异是一个及其复杂而又十分重要的变量。

文化的差异会引起文化冲突，而文化冲突会严重影响国际商务合作。

本文对全球化背景下国际商务活动中的中美文化冲突及其根源进行分析并提出独特有效的对策。

二、人类历史上文化冲突的三个阶段(一)文化冲突文化是一个特定人群共同的传统风俗、价值观念、行为规范、思维方式等，并可代代相传，它是人类社会和历史积淀的产物。

文化冲突被定义为指两种或者两种以上的文化相互接触所产生的竞争和对抗状态。

(二)文化冲突的三个阶段1、武力为主的文化冲突阶段此阶段的文化冲突主要表现在不同地域、不同的文化之间，在相互竞争和对抗中，武力和军事实力占上风的一方实现本土文化的发展，并企图用强制的方式实现本土文化对不同文化的控制和统治。

2、经济为主的文化冲突阶段此阶段的文化冲突主要表现在经济交往成为文化冲突的主要中介，文化冲突的范围在扩大，文化冲突的内容也发生了巨大的变化。

小到局部冲突中经济利益的争夺，大到世界霸权的争夺，都是把经济利益作为主要目标，并且经济发展水平成为进一步争夺经济利益和霸权的主要砝码。

3、文化为主的文化冲突阶段此阶段的文化冲突是以不同文化形式之间在交流互动中的冲突与差异性为特征，来体现不同地域文化的冲突，主要表现为全球化背景下国家与国家之间在文化问题上根本立场的差异。

The origin and Countermeasure of Chinese andAmerican cultural conflicts in the background ofGlobalizationAbstract:In the global context, international business activities are becoming more and more frequent.There are cultural conflicts in international business activities which are caused by cultural differences.Especially in China and the United States between the two world powers, economic exchanges are increasingly frequent.However, because of the huge cultural differences between the two countries, cultural conflicts are often occurred, and even affect the smooth progress of international business activities.This paper analyzes the causes of Sino US cultural conflicts in international business activities under the background of globalization, and puts forward some effective countermeasures. Key words:International business; cultural difference；source；Countermeasures一、SummaryAfter China's reform and development, more and more foreign enterprises and Chinese enterprises to establish a cooperative relationship;After China's accession to the world trade organization, more and more Chinese enterprises also go to the world.Along with the process of economic globalization, international business activities take place frequently, cultural conflict is becoming more and more serious, and correctly for cross cultural communication is increasingly important.In the course of international business activities, cultural differences is a complicated and very important variable.Cultural differences can cause cultural conflicts, and cultural conflicts will seriously affect international business cooperation.This paper analyzes the Sino US cultural conflicts and their causes in the context of globalization, and puts forward a unique and effective countermeasures.二、Three Stages of Cultural Conflict in Human History（一）Cultural C onflictCulture is a specific group of people common customs and traditions, values, behavior norms, ways of thinking and passed on from generation to generation, it is the product of human social and historical accumulation. Cultural conflict is defined as refers to two or more than two kinds of cultural contact with each other the resulting competition and confrontation.（二）Three S tages of C ultural C onflict1, Stage of Cultural ConflictThis stage of cultural conflict is mainly reflected in different regions, different cultures, in the mutual competition and confrontation, force and military strength of the party to achieve the development of local culture, and attempt to force the local culture to achieve the control and domination of different cultures.2, The Economy is the Main Cultural Conflict StageThe cultural conflicts in this stage are mainly reflected in the economic exchanges as the main medium of cultural conflict, the scope of cultural conflicts in the expansion, the contents of the cultural conflict has also been a huge change.Small to local conflicts in the economic interests of the struggle, the world hegemony, the economic interests are the main objectives, and the level of economic development has become the main weight of the economic interests and hegemony.3, Cultural Conflict StageThis stage of cultural conflict is a different cultural forms in the exchange and interaction between the conflict and differences in the characteristics, to reflect the conflict between different regions and cultures, mainly in the context of globalization and the country's fundamental position in the cultural differences.Into the era of economic globalization, the exchange between countries is increasingly frequent.In the context of globalization, cultural conflicts are more intense and widespread than any one of the stages in the history. In international trade, businessmen from different countries have different cultures, and different cultural backgrounds will have an impact on international cooperation.（三）Value O rientation C onflictPeople in different cultures, values tend to have a big difference.For example, the traditional ethics China overall orientation benefits."The distinction between right and right" is a basic problem in the history of Chinese civilization.For thousands of years of feudal society in China the mainstream ideology of Confucianism as a dominating, the basic idea is "justice", "see", advocate shall sacrifice for righteousness and benefit conflicts, leading to people for their willingness to speak righteousness, ashamed to talk about Lee, heavy moral tutelage, light outside in the utilitarian value orientation.In the west, the whole is based on the individual,the pursuit of the value of the individual's rights and interests, and that they are sacred and can not be violated, is born, is a gift.While avoiding suffering is the individual instinct, and profit is the survival of the objective.Therefore, in real life, in the west, it is the personality spirit of seeking novelty, creativity, and utility.This also led to western society heavy rational and emotional light, longer than the reasoning rather than love, good logical thinking and lack of intuitive feeling.So, perhaps in the West seems to be normal, common, and for the Chinese people is unusual, can not accept.In the eyes of the Chinese Western sensibilities. Good out of the limelight, like to express themselves; and in the eyes of Westerners, the Chinese people love to face, hypocrisy, too subtle.These differences and conflicts of moral values, along with the deepening of the Sino Western exchanges will continue to highlight.三、The Globalization Background, has the Profound Influence to the Modern Cultural ConflictFirst, globalization has expanded the scope of cultural conflict.Before the advent of the era of globalization, production methods and technical level of backward, so that the high mountains, sea, desert and other natural conditions to stop people's footsteps.Therefore, the occurrence of cultural conflicts in this period is very limited in both the region and the content.Globalization has opened a new chapter in the world of human communication, and has expanded the scope of cultural conflicts to a certain extent, both in the space and the content.The development of productive forces and the progress of technology, especially the development of transportation and communication technology, have made the communication and relation of human beings in the world reach unprecedented level.Cultural conflicts are also beginning to rise to the globe, and by the individual content of the culture.Second, globalization has increased the frequency and intensity of cultural conflicts.Huntington, a political science professor at Harvard University in 1993, said: "the main line of future international conflicts will be the conflict between civilizations, which is rooted in cultural differences.Because of the deep cultural characteristics, the differences can not quickly disappear. Huntington's clash of civilizations has been a certain degree of reminding people that the cultural conflicts in the era of globalization may be further intensified, and have a great impact on the development of human civilization.In the process of globalization, with the various regions, various nationalities, all countries in the political, economic and cultural contactsand exchanges, the differences and characteristics of different cultures are clearly highlighted, inspired the awakening of national consciousness and the appeal of national culture.The values of different cultures collide, which lead to cultural conflicts.Along with the development of globalization, the cultural conflict will be more frequent and universal, and the intensity is also more profound and sharp.Third, globalization makes cultural conflicts more long-term.Different cultural forms are the product of the long-term selection and identification of different people in different regions, although it is said that the value of a nation's culture has always been a change, but its core, the most basic elements are always universal and timeless.As a core part of the "national culture", the basic value of the eternal values is the basis of the "identity" of a group of people, so that people know “who I am”.This is a kind of very personalized group cognition.Therefore, the difference between cultures is not likely to change in a short time.In the history of mankind, the conflict between different cultures often takes a long time to melt or end.For example, Buddhism entered China from the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Chinese traditional Confucianism, cultural conflict happened long Taoism traditional culture.Until the Song Dynasty, was introduced to China nearly a thousand years later, Buddhism was not with the Taoist philosophy of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi combined with the formation of Zen, become a part of Chinese culture.Globalization has crossed the boundaries of regional and national boundaries, which greatly expanded the space of cultural exchanges between countries.As a result, the national spirit of the product became a public property, the people of the nation's one-sided and limitations are increasingly becoming impossible "As mentioned before, although the conflict in the former globalization era culture may only occur in the contact and interaction between two or more than two kinds of cultures, but the coordination between them is a very long period of time.Therefore, in the era of globalization, it is possible to make a rational dialogue and communication between different cultures, and to reach a consensus on the basic values, thereby reducing the cultural contradictions and conflicts, but also a longer way to go.四、The Source of Cultural Conflict（一）Collectivism and I ndividualismCollectivism culture tends to emphasize the harmony and development of the collective.Collectivism can be understood as a culture characterized by "we". In this culture, the collective is far more important than theindividual, the collective goal is higher than the individual target. The members of the collective are not individual but a part of the collective, the collective interests are important. In addition, the relationship between the collective members is particularly important.Collective internal cooperation is often more than the competition. Individualism culture tends to encourage the development of individual, the individual is also often referred to as "I" culture.Personal independence and freedom are particularly important in the culture of individualism. In the treatment of different people, standards are equal and the same.China is a typical group of countries, while the United States is a typical individualistic culture.In Chinese companies, the employment of relatives and friends is a common phenomenon, is considered for granted.China's social relations are quite complex.Business activities in China, contacts and relationships are very important, and in the United States, the emotions and work will often be clearly separated.To treat their own acquaintances and strangers standards are often the same。

经济全球化下的文化冲突与协调随着经济全球化的进程加速，不同文化之间的交流和互动也越来越频繁。

这种跨文化的交流不仅带来了经济的繁荣和文化的多样化，也不可避免地带来了许多文化上的冲突和矛盾。

在这种背景下，如何实现文化上的冲突协调，使全球化进程更加顺畅和稳定，成为了一个亟待解决的问题。

本文将针对这一问题，从多个角度进行探讨。

一、经济全球化与文化冲突经济全球化的本质是跨国公司通过投资、贸易、生产等活动，使得不同国家和地区的经济联系紧密。

这种紧密的经济联系，也体现在文化上。

从多个角度来看，文化冲突是经济全球化进程中不可避免的问题之一。

首先，不同国家和地区的文化差异极大，这种文化差异很容易造成误解、偏见和歧视。

例如，日本人礼貌热情，而美国人则注重直接表达；中国人尊重长辈，而英国人则注重平等。

这种文化差异在商业活动中，容易导致沟通不畅、交流困难等问题出现。

其次，全球化经济带来的文化冲击也非常明显。

随着跨国公司的进入，许多传统的文化习惯和生活方式被快速改变。

例如，西方的快餐文化，使得很多年轻人选择吃快餐和外卖，而不是崇尚“万物皆可自煮”的中国人。

这种文化冲击还会导致失业、收入不平等、贫富差距等经济问题。

二、文化协调的必要性在经济全球化进程中，文化协调是实现经济全球化的一个基本前提。

只有实现文化协调，才能使得跨国公司在不同国家和地区的经济活动更加顺畅、稳定和长久。

文化协调的必要性表现在以下几个方面。

首先，文化协调可以帮助企业更好地适应当地的文化和风俗习惯。

例如，咖啡厅经营者可以在中国开设有需要孔庙等文化景点的地方，这样能吸引更多中国顾客。

其次，文化协调可以消除误解、偏见和歧视等文化冲突。

例如，企业可以通过多学习当地文化，来避免因为文化差异而引发的不必要冲突。

再次，文化协调可以促进文化多样性和文化交流。

经济全球化使得不同文化的交流更加频繁，这也需要实现文化上的协调。

三、实现文化协调的途径实现文化协调并不是一件容易的事情。

中西商务沟通中的冲突分析：跨文化视角共3篇中西商务沟通中的冲突分析：跨文化视角1中西商务沟通中的冲突分析：跨文化视角在今天全球化的世界中，越来越多的中西商务交流开始切入到人们生活的各个领域，商务沟通作为其中的重要环节，在之间难免会出现一些冲突。

本文将从跨文化视角出发，分析中西商务沟通中的冲突原因，并提出有效的解决方案。

首先，在中西文化的交汇处，文化差异是导致沟通冲突的最大因素之一。

中西文化的差异体现在很多层面上，如价值观念、礼仪习俗、商业道德等，而这些差异为了达到商务交流的目的需要加以妥善处理。

比如，在中西洽谈过程中，文化差异的显著表现是中西方交流双方在互动中表现出的行为、言语、表情、身体语言等习惯方面。

很多时候，中方受到长期文化礼仪熏陶的影响，往往注重口头表达，尊重严谨的环节和流程，而西方则更强调实用和直截了当的表达方式，注重实际结果及效率。

这两种方式之间的差异，往往容易导致双方产生交流困难和不必要的误解。

其次，语言差异也是导致中西商务交流出现冲突的重要原因。

语言是交流的桥梁，而在中西交流中语言差异表现在两个方面：一是中英语言之间词汇表达和语调习惯存在显著差异；二是双方在口头语篇中的表达方式和语用习惯也存在不同。

比如在中方文化礼仪熏陶下，很多时候，中方在交流中使用的是含蓄暗示和委婉语气，这在英语文化中往往被认为是欠缺自信和不够明确。

而在英语中，往往容易直接表达，这种直接表达方式在中文表达中往往会被认为是冒犯他人的行为。

在这种语言差异的情况下，在商务交流中发生误解和争执也并不少见。

最后，商业道德和商务礼仪的差异也是导致中西商务交流中的冲突之一。

虽然国际贸易中已经形成了较为明确的商业道德规范，但是在不同文化背景下的商务礼仪和商业道德的理解与认同依然存在着差异。

比如，在西方商务礼仪中，商务交流往往是基于平等和互惠的原则展开的，而在中方商务礼仪中则更强调社交和人际关系的建立。

这种差异在不同文化间交流中，很容易导致对方对自己的商业行动进行质疑甚至是拒绝，从而影响商务交流的顺利开展。