Lecture Two Sentence types

• The difference between compound predicate（并列 谓语） and double predicate（双重谓语）.
Compare: Double predicate A bird fell dead to the ground. A bird fell to ground and died. compound predicate A bird died and fell to the ground. compound predicate A bird fell died to the ground. compound predicate A bird fell to the ground and it was dead. Compound sentence
Clause Elements • Subject: • • • • • •
That many college students take part-time job prevails on campus nowadays.
Different Forms of Subject Seeing is believing. To es can be trusted. It is our responsibility to make contribution to the society. There are a number of swans on the lake.
Morphology词法: how words are formed and what changes the word may undergo when it enters a clause or sentence, i.e. inflections, e.g. buy– buys, bought; 研究词形变化，如名词的数、格，动词的时态、语 态等。 Syntax句法: how clauses or sentences are formed, e.g. He bought it.– Did he buy it? 研究句子结构，如句子 的成分、语序以及句子的种类等。

1.2 Basic clause types 1) SVC(主-动-补也叫主系表): 谓语动词是系动词(linking verb)或半系动词 The car is mine. She looks happy. 2) SV(主-动): 谓语动词是intransitive verb Everybody laughed. 3) SVO(主-动-宾): 谓语动词是transitive verb I can answer the question. 4) SVOO(主-动-宾-宾): 及物动词后面有两个宾语(直宾和间 宾)Mary lent me her car. 5) SVOC(主-动-宾-补) They elected him monitor. 6) SVA(主-动-状) I live in Beijing. 7) SVOA(主-动-宾-状) I like English very much. More examples are on your textbooks. (page 17 to 18)
Introduction— GrammaticalHierarchy
导论—语法层次
0.5
Sentence simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences
①A simple sentence is a sentence that comprises only one independent clause.(一个主谓结构) eg: The boy can stay in the room only for a few minutes. (A simple sentence can be divided into four types. What are they? )

Practice 2: Comparing the following three paragraphs, can you find out any differences in the language. Sample 1: There is nothing new in the recognition, within a given language, of a distinction between common usage and uses of the language for more restricted purposes and often enough, perhaps characteristically, more elevated purposes… Sample 2: What’s wrong with the student-union bookshop? Everything. It’s interested in selling sweatshirts and college mugs rather than good books. Its staff often is incompetent and uncivil. The manager may not be intelligent enough even to order a sufficient number of copies of required textbooks for the beginning of a term. Sample 3: My mother’s kitchen was full of junk food which I have ever seen. My house was full of apples and peaches and milk and coffee—which were nice, and good for you, but not right before dinner or you’ll spoil your appetite. My sister’s house had nothing in it that was good for you.

S e n t e n c e W r i t i n g1. English Sentence Writing1.1 Types of Sentences1.2 Basic Sentence Patterns1.3 Expanding Basic Sentence Patterns1.4 Sentence Structure Problems 1.5 Subject-Verb Agreement1.1 Types of English Sentences＊Simple Sentence＊Compound Sentence＊Complex Sentence＊Compound-complex sentence＊Declarative Sentence＊Interrogative Sentence＊Imperative Sentence＊Exclamatory Sentence简单句：只包含一个主谓结构且各个成分均由词组构成的句子。

He knows everything about it.复杂句：某个句子成分直接由从属分句表示的句子。

He complained that what you said was not true.并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句由并列连词或其他并列手段连接起来便构成并列句。

Most of us were in the hall, the doors had been closed, and the latecomers had to wait outside.并列复杂句：包含一个或一个以上的复杂句作为并列成分的句子。

They watched television and enjoyed themselves inmensely, but we couldn't see the program because our television was broken.Do you know?The students I teach have made better grades in the past few weeks.The students would have made better grades if they had studied hard.(Simple sentence)(Complex sentence)Do you know?There aren't as many trees here asthere used to be.Did you hear about the new project?Please send my kind regards to yourparents.How it thunders! 雷打得真响啊!(Declarative sentence)(Interrogative sentence)(Imperative sentence)(Exclamatory sentence)1.2 Basic Sentence PatternsSV (subject + intransitive verb)主-动SVC ( subject + linking verb +subject complement )主-动-补SVO (subject + transitive verb +direct object)主-动-宾SVOiOd (subject + transitive verb +indirect object + direct object )主-动-宾-宾SVOC (subject + transitive verb +object + object complement)主-动-宾-补SVThe guests have arrived.Things change.There exist a variety of differentopinions on this question.P.S.There + be是倒装结构,谓语还可以是appear, come, enter, exist, happen,lie, live, occur, remain, rise, seem,stand等。