英文写作指导——练写段落主题句topic sentences practice

（写作知识）如何写好TopicSentence-高级英语写作-北外网院论坛之家-Powe...[写作知识]如何写好Topic Sentence本帖最后由 Tdengyajiao 于 2010-4-1 15:08 编辑如何写好Topic SentenceImportant Topic Sentence in a PassageThe topic sentence properly used can achieve unity in the paragraph, which indicates the importance of the topic sentence.But what is the topic sentence? The topic sentence is an EMPHATICALLY placed, EXPLICIT statement of the central idea in a paragraph. A good topic sentence in a paragraph will help the writer to focus on his subject, prevent him from introducing unrelated material.How does a topic sentence work then? A topic sentence does two things:1) it lays down the subject2) it puts forth the main idea about the subjectsuppose we are asked to write a paragraph on each of the following subjects:1)Subject: MusicFocus: … is interesting and enjoyable.2)subject: Educationfocus: … is very important in the modern world.3)Subject: DramaFocus: I like …Now we have some topic sentences (which may or may not be good topic sentences—that is the question we are going to discuss below). Clearly each of the topic sentences has two parts: a subject and something said about the subject, we can call it the focus.But are they good topic sentences? Surely not! Take the subject “music” for instance.Ask ourselves, “what do we mean by music? What kind of music? Do we mean symphonic music, chamber music, pop music or other sources? How can we cover so many types of music in one paragraph? Or in a short article of 150 to 200 words?”Focus: … is interesting and enjoyable.Ask ourselves again, “ what do we mean by interesting and enjoyable? Look in a dictionary, interesting—exciting curiosity or attention, enjoyable—agreeable. These two words don’t say very much about music. They simply express approval and they are FAR TOO VAGUE for a good topic sentence.We can find that “Music is interesting and enjoyable” makes a bad topic sentence—bad because the subject is too broad; bad because the focus is vague.(Could you provide a satisfying topic sentence for the subject "music"??)The same is true of each of the following examples:Science fiction is always exciting.Water pollution is a big problem.Life began in a strange way.What makes good topic sentences then? A good topic sentence has a limited subject and a sharp focus. That is, neither too general nor too narrow. A topic sentence that is too general leaves little to be said in the rest of the paragraph. Too general requires much more paragraphs to develop it.Here are some simple, factual statements that are too narrow to require any development or support:1)I live in an apartment.2)Last summer I worked as a gas station attendant.3) Many children watch cartoons on Saturday morning.The following, in contrast, are assertive statements that we can write about in a paragraph1) Living in an apartment has its drawbacks/advantages.2) Working as a gas station attendant was the worst job I ever had last summer.3) Some experts feel that violence in cartoons is bad for children.You can provide better topic sentences than that of the above. Why not have a try?Exercises: revise the following topic sentences to narrow the focus by stressing a controlling idea.Eg. Original: Today many young people have developed a culture of their own.Revision: Long hair, colorful clothing, and new musical forms are part of the new culture of many of today’s young people.Eg. The Santana is a fine car.à Super engine performance and beautiful design make the Santana a find automobile.1) Participation in college sports is beneficial.2) Motion pictures should be censored.3) People could make a better use of their leisure time.4) China should take a stronger role in world affairs.5) Studying a foreign language is useful.6) Online education is becoming more important every year.( No fixed answer to each question. Please provide your answer and let’s have some discussion here)MORE EXPLANATION ABOUT TOPIC SENTENCE-------------------------------------------What is a topic sentence?A topic sentence states the main point of a paragraph: it serves as a mini-thesis for the paragraph. You might think of it as a signpost for your readers—or a headline—something that alerts them to the most important, interpretive points in your essay. When read in sequence, your essay's topic sentences will provide a sketch of the essay's argument. Thus topics sentences help protect your readers from confusion by guiding them through the argument. But topicsentences can also help you to improve your essay by making it easier for you to recognize gaps or weaknesses in your argument.Where do topic sentences go?Topic sentences usually appear at the very beginning of paragraphs. In the following example from Anatomy of Criticism, Northrop Frye establishes the figure of the tragic hero as someone more than human, but less than divine. He backs up his claim with examples of characters from literature, religion and mythology whose tragic stature is a function of their ability to mediate between their fellow human beings and a power that transcends the merely human: The tragic hero is typically on top of the wheel of fortune, half-way between human society on the ground and the something greater in the sky. Prometheus, Adam, and Christ hang between heaven and earth, between a world of paradisal freedom and a world of bondage. Tragic heroes are so much the highest points in their human landscape that they seem the inevitable conductors of the power about them, great trees more likely to be struck by lightning than a clump of grass. Conductors may of course be instruments as well as victims of the divine lightning: Milton's Samson destroys the Philistine temple with himself, and Hamlet nearly exterminates the Danish court in his own fall.The structure of Frye's paragraph is simple yet powerful: the topic sentence makes an abstract point, and the rest of the paragraph elaborates on that point using concrete examples as evidence.Does a topic sentence have to be at the beginning of a paragraph?No, though this is usually the most logical place for it. Sometimes a transitional sentence or two will come before a topic sentence: We found in comedy that the term bomolochos or buffoon need not be restricted to farce, but could be extended to cover comic characters who are primarily entertainers, with the function of increasing or focusing the comic mood. The corresponding contrasting type is the suppliant, the character, often female, who presents a picture of unmitigated helplessness and destitution. Such a figure is pathetic, and pathos, though it seems a gentler and more relaxed mood than tragedy, is even more terrifying. Its basis is the exclusion of an individual from the group; hence it attacks the deepest fear in ourselves that we possess--a fear much deeper than the relativelycosy and sociable bogey of hell. In the suppliant pity and terror are brought to the highest possible pitch of intensity, and the awful consequences of rejecting the suppliant for all concerned is a central theme of Greek tragedy.The context for this passage is an extended discussion of the characteristics of tragedy. In this paragraph, Frye begins by drawing a parallel between the figure of the buffoon in comedy and that of the suppliant in tragedy. His discussion of the buffoon occurred in a earlier section of the chapter, a section devoted to comedy. The first sentence of the current paragraph is transitional: it prepares the way for the topic sentence. The delayed topic sentence contributes to the coherence of Frye's discussion by drawing an explicit connection between key ideas in the book. In essays, the connection is usually between the last paragraph and the current one.Sometimes writers save a topic sentence for the end of a paragraph. You may, for example, occasionally find that giving away your point at the beginning of a paragraph does not allow you to build your argument toward an effective climax.How do I come up with a topic sentence? And what makes a good one? Ask yourself what's going on in your paragraph. Why have you chosen to include the information you have? Why is the paragraph important in the context of your argument? What point are you trying to make?Relating your topic sentences to your thesis can help strengthen the coherence of your essay. If you include a thesis statement in your introduction, then think of incorporating a keyword from that statement into the topic sentence. But you need not be overly explicit when you echo the thesis statement. Better to be subtle rather than heavy-handed. Do not forget that your topic sentence should do more than just establish a connection between your paragraph and your thesis. Use a topic sentence to show how your paragraph contributes to the development of your argument by moving it that one extra step forward. If your topic sentence merely restates your thesis, then either your paragraph is redundant or your topic sentence needs to be reformulated. If several of your topic sentences restate your thesis, even if they do so in different words, then your essay is probably repetitive.Does every paragraph need one?No, but most do. Sometimes a paragraph helps to develop the same point as in the previous paragraph, and so a new topic sentence would be redundant. And sometimes the evidence in your paragraph makes your point so effectively that your topic sentence can remain implicit. But if you are in doubt, it's best to use one.。

中考英语书面表达题写作训练做中考英语书面表达题，一般按下列步骤进行：一、认真审题看到考题后，先不要急于动笔，要仔细看清题目要求。

审题时要看清文字说明、图画、图表、提纲或短文提供的资料和信息，以及参考词汇，字数要求等等。

如果是几幅图要将几幅图结合起来看，才能弄清人物关系和故事情节。

还要审文体，确定格式，确定人称，确定主体时态。

二、列出要点要点是给分的一个重要因素，为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点，同学们要在看清看懂所有文字、图画、参考词汇的基础上，在草稿纸上将各个要点逐条列出。

三、写出词句用英语写出各个要点的关键词语或句型，并用地道的英语句子将各个要点逐一表达出来。

四、连句成文根据各个要点之间的关系，使用恰当的关联词语(详见语篇基础)，将各个句子连接成通顺流畅的短文。

并注意以下几点：避免使用汉语式英语，尽量使用自己熟悉的句型。

注意长短句交错，几种句型可交替使用，以避免重复和呆板。

五、细心检查短文写好后还要细心检一篇，看是否正确无误。

你可主要检查：(1) 人称是否用错，并注意人称代词的主格和宾格形式是否有错；(2) 动词的时态形式是否准确无误，特别注意查看一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词是否加了(e)s；(3) 名词的复数形式；(4) 单词拼写、标点符号和大小写是否有错；(5) 格式是否有错。

六、誊入试卷经检查，准确无误后，才誊入试卷。

要特别注意书写工整，卷面整洁。

阅卷时正值天气炎热，老师工作量之大，时间紧迫，书写是否工整，卷面是否整洁与得分高低直接有关，同学们务必注意。

二、英语作文如何得高分一般说来，每次考试后，阅卷老师要在很短的时间内评阅完大量的试卷，工作量非常大。

尽管作文评分有具体的标准，但它仍然是主观性较大的部分，而且写作部分没有“半分”的评分标准，有时我们阅卷之时的一念之差，就可能令你失去宝贵的一分。

因此，这里我觉得介绍一些这些阅卷老师阅卷时的心理，对考生是极为有用的。

1.整洁的卷面和漂亮的书写漂亮的书写令人赏心悦目，可使阅卷老师从疲惫不堪中解脱出来，给阅卷老师留下良好的第一印象。

英语段落写作技巧学习段落是构成篇章的基础,学习英文篇章必须从段落写作开始。

下面是店铺带来的英语段落写作技巧，欢迎阅读!英语段落写作技巧精选主题句与推展句1. 主题句主题句(topic sentence)是表达段落主题的句子。

它用以概括段落大意，要求全段其他文字都围绕它展开。

请看下例：My mother has passed along to me certain rules for getting along with others. Don't argue with parents; they will think you don't love them. Don't argue with children; they will think themselves victimized. Don't argue with spouses; they will think you are a tiresome mate. Don't argue with strangers; they will think you are not friendly. My mother's rules, in fact, can be summed up in two words: Don't argue.主题句中提出的"certain rules" 指的是什么?展开句中通过四个"Don't argue --" 逐一加以交代。

从结构来看，这是一个比较典型的段落，它包括了主题句，推展句和结论句(即本段中的末句)。

1.1 主题句的位置主题句通常放在段落的开端，其特点是开门见山地摆出问题，然后加以详细说明。

其作用是使文章的结构更清晰，更具说服力，便于读者迅速地把握主题和想象全段的内容。

主题句可以放在段中起到承上启下的作用，或放在段尾起概括全段的作用。

英语写作中的主题句在英语写作中，主题句是一个非常重要的概念，能够帮助读者更好地理解文章的主题和结构。

本文将介绍主题句的定义、作用和写作技巧。

下面是本店铺为大家精心编写的5篇《英语写作中的主题句》，供大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。

《英语写作中的主题句》篇1一、主题句的定义主题句是英语写作中的一个重要概念，指的是每个段落的第一句话，用于概括该段落的主题和内容，同时为读者提供指引，让他们更好地理解文章的结构和主题。

主题句通常是一个简明扼要的句子，它应该清晰地表达出该段落的主题和重点。

二、主题句的作用主题句的作用非常多，主要包括以下几个方面:1. 概括段落内容：主题句应该能够概括该段落的主要内容，让读者对该段落的主题有一个清晰的了解。

2. 指引读者：主题句应该能够为读者提供指引，让他们更好地理解文章的结构和主题。

通过阅读主题句，读者应该能够了解该段落在整篇文章中的位置和作用。

3. 突出重点：主题句应该能够突出该段落的重点，让读者更好地理解文章的重点和主旨。

三、主题句的写作技巧写作主题句需要掌握一些技巧，主要包括以下几个方面:1. 简明扼要：主题句应该简明扼要，不要使用过多的词汇和复杂的句子结构。

2. 突出重点：主题句应该突出该段落的重点，不要包含太多无关的信息。

3. 与文章内容相呼应：主题句应该与文章内容相呼应，不要出现矛盾或不相关的内容。

4. 避免使用结论性词语：主题句应该避免使用结论性词语，如“因此”、“所以”等，因为这些词语可能会误导读者对该段落的理解。

英语写作中的主题句是一个非常重要的概念，能够帮助读者更好地理解文章的主题和结构。

《英语写作中的主题句》篇2英语写作中的主题句是指在文章或段落中，用来表达主题或中心思想的句子。

主题句通常出现在文章或段落的开头，用于引入和概括后续内容。

在写作中，主题句的运用可以帮助读者更好地理解文章结构和主题，同时也可以帮助作者更好地组织文章思路。

一个好的主题句应该具有以下特点：1. 简洁明了：主题句应该用简短的语言表达出文章或段落的主题，不宜过于复杂或冗长。

讲解主题句是一个完整的句子，用以概括、叙述或说明该段落的主旨大意。

每一个段落只能有一个主题，全段的其他文字都应围绕它展开。

主题句通常由两部分组成，即主题(topic) +中心思想（controlling idea）。

中心思想的作用是导向(control) 和制约(limit) 主题。

所谓导向就是规定段落的发展脉络，所谓制约就是限制主题的覆盖范围，两者不可分割。

没有导向，内容就会离题或偏题；没有制约，内容就可能超出一个段落所能容纳的范围。

下面的8个句子都是很漂亮的主题句，其中红色加粗的文字为主题，绿色斜体的文字为中心思想：1. People can avoid burglaries（入室行窃）by taking certainprecautions.( 接下来作者将围绕着“防范措施”展开段落)2. There are several advantages to growing up in a small town.( 接下来作者将围绕着“优点”展开段落)3. Most US universities require a 550 point TOEFL score for anumber of reasons.( 接下来作者将围绕着“原因”展开段落)4. Fixing a flat tire on a bicycle is easy if you follow these steps.( 接下来作者将围绕着“步骤”展开段落)5. There are several enjoyable ways to travel between the US andQueretaro.( 接下来作者将围绕着“方法”展开段落)6. Effective leadership requires specific qualities that anyone candevelop.( 接下来作者将围绕着“品质”展开段落)7. Industrial waste poured into Pearl River has led to dramaticchanges in its ability to support marine life.( 接下来作者将围绕着“变化”展开段落)8. In order to fully explore the wreck（残骸）of the Titanic, scientistsmust address several problems.( 接下来作者将围绕着“问题”展开段落)通过对上面8个主题句的分析可见：段落的主题句对主题的限定主要是通过句中的关键词来实现的。

英语段落写作方法与技巧英语段落写作方法与技巧一、构成段落的三大组成部分段落是篇章构成的基本单位之一，段落结构组织得是否合理在很大程度上会影响篇章的整体结构及效果。

典型的英语段落包括一个主题句(topicsentence)，若干扩展句(supporting sentences)，必要时还有一个结论句(concludingsentence)。

主题句表达的是段落的中心思想，是段落展开的核心，是为整篇文章的中心服务的；而扩展句则具体地描述、说明、阐述或论证主题句体现的中心思想。

结论句往往是用来强调、重申主题或归纳、总结段落大意。

(一)主题句主题句对于段落的重要性是毋庸质疑的，因此，主题句的优劣将直接关系到该段落的写作质量。

好的主题句不仅能够起到限定段落基调的作用，而且起到限定主题范围的作用。

主题句明确地限定了段落内容，这样，习作者在搜集、筛选与主题相关的事实、例证、节时才能够较容易地把握住方向。

而且，主题突出的主题句也能使读者一日了然，有利于读者预测下文内容。

倘若段落的主题句过于笼统或模糊，就无法成为整个段落发展的指南针，就难以合理组织相关材料来进一步摇述、说孵或阐述主题，甚至使整个段落乃至整篇文章结构松散、逻辑不清。

(二)扩展句尽管主题句十分重要，但它不能没有扩展句的支持。

扩展句就是对主题句所陈述的思想观点加以展开分类，提出各种细节或例证以阐述或证明主题的各个方面。

扩展句就像是段落的血肉，“有血有肉”的段落才能感染读者、说服读者，才能达到写作的根本目的。

在主题句确定后，习作者就要开始选择和主题有关的信息和素材。

实质上，针对主题测试每～个所选择素材就是一个分类过程。

有一种常用方法就是句子展开前加以设问，然后解答，即设问一解答(why-because)方法。

(三)结论句有时，为了求得段落结构的整体性，习作者喜欢利用段落的最后一句简要地归纳段落大意，或重申段落主题，做到前后呼应。

写结论句时，要特别注意以下三点：(1)不要突然冒出与该段主题不相关甚至相互矛盾的新话题；(2)不要过于冗长；(3)语气不能太武断，应该委婉些。