英语四级真题：2019年6月大学英语四级听力原文

英语四级真题：2019年6月大学英语四级听力原文英语四级真题：2019年6月大学英语四级听力原文【Passages】Passage OneThe massive decline in sleep happened so slowly andquietly that few seemed to notice the trend. Was it becauseof the growing attraction of the Internet, video games andendless TV channels? Never disconnecting from work? No matter how it happened, millions of Americans are putting theirhealth, quality of life and even length of life in danger.New evidence shows why getting enough sleep is a top priority. Some 40% of Americans get less than 7 hours ofshut-eye on week nights. "The link between sleep and health,and bad sleep and disease is becoming clearer and clearer."says Lawrence Alberstaine, a sleep expert at HarvardUniversity. For example, sleep duration has declined fromsome 8 hours in the 1950s to 7 in recent years. At the sametime, high blood pressure has become an increasing problem.Blood pressure and heart rate are typically at their lowestlevels during sleep. People who sleep less tend to havehigher blood pressure, heart attack, diabetes, weight gainand other problems.Sleeping better may help fight off illness. "When peopleare sleep-derived, there are higher levels of stress hormonesin their bodies which can decrease immune function." saysDoctor Felice, of Northwestern University in Chicago. Auniversity of Chicago study shows people who sleep well livelonger. So say good night sooner and it may help you stayactive and vital to a ripe old age.Q16. What is the speaker mainly talking about?Q17. What do we learn from the talk about today's Americans?Q18. What does the speaker say will happen to people who lack sleep?Passage TwoParents and teachers will tell you not to worry when applying for a place at a university. But in the same breathwill remind you that it is the most important decision ofyour life.The first decision is your choice of course. It willdepend on what you want to get out of university, what youare good at and what you enjoy. The next decision is where to apply. Aim high but within reason. Do you have the right combination of subjects and are your expected grades likelyto meet entry requirements? The deadline is January 15th. Butit is best to submit your application early becauseuniversities begin work as soon as forms start rolling in.The most important part of the application is the much feared personal statement. This is your chance to convey boundless enthusiasm for the subject. So economy of expression is foremost. Omit dull and ineffectivegeneralities and make sure you give concrete examples.Admissions officers read every personal statement that arrives. It is not convincing if you say you have chosen thesubject because you enjoy it. You have to get across what it is about a particular area that has inspired you. They willlook for evidence that you have reflected and thought about the subject.Applicants should be honest. There is no point saying you run marathons, if you are going to be out of breath arriving at the interview on the second floor.Q19. What is the first decision you should make in preparing to apply for a place at a university?Q20. What is the most important part of the application?Q21. What must applicants do in their personal statements?Passage ThreeIt is widely believed that German invented the first carin 1885. It was actually a tricycle with a petrol motor atthe rear. Soon, members of the royal family and other wealthy people took up motoring as a sport. Many of the early cars had 2 seats. There were no petrol pumps and few garages, so every driver had to be his own engineer for the frequent breakdowns.By 1905, cars began to look like cars of today, with head lamps, wind screen, rubble tires and number plates. Henry Ford's Model T introduced in America in 1909 was cheaper because it was made on the assembly line. It brought cars closer towards the reach of ordinary people. With the popularity of the car, registration became a must in 1903with the motor car act. Competency tests were introduced in1935.Today, the legal driving age for a car in the UK is 17.You are not allowed to drive a car unsupervised until youhave passed a driving test. In 1958, Britain celebrated theopening of its first motor way – the Preston Bypass. Until then, no one really understood what a motor way was, not eventhe laborers who were building it. The bypass held a new erain motor travel and was greeted with excitement and optimism. Service stations came with the motor way and the legend ofthe transport cafe was born. Of course, the service stationhas diversified greatly. But whether it’s an English-cooked breakfast or a coffee and a sandwich, one thing has remainedthe same： the prices.Q22. What does the speaker say about the first motor car?Q23. What was the problem with the early cars in Britain?Q24. Why did Henry Ford's Model T cars cost less?Q25. What do we learn about the Preston Bypass?【Conversations】Conversation OneM： So, Linzy, do you like to text message on your cellphone?W： Yeah, I text message a lot.M： I don't do it so much. I prefer to make a call ifI'm in a hurry.W：Yeah, I go both ways. Sometimes I don’t really want to talk to the person. I just want to ask them one question,so it's much easier for me just to text message. If I callthem, I'll have to have a long conversation.M： Yeah, I can see what you mean. But I get off thephone pretty quickly when I call. I'm not a big talker.W： Yeah, that's true. You don't talk a lot.M： So are you fast at writing the messages with yourthumb?W： Well, when I first got a cell phone, I was so slow.I thought I would never text message. But then people kepttext messaging me, so I felt obliged to learn how to textmessage. So now I'm pretty fast. What about you?M： Actually I have the opposite problem. When I firstgot my cell phone, I thought it was so cool to text messageall my friends who have one, and I was pretty fast with mythumb then. But it seems like now I don't use it so much,I've got slower actually.W： Yeah, I think text messaging actually is what youhave to do with your age. For example, people in high school,they text message a lot. But I ask my father if he textedmessages, and guess what he said?M： What?W： He said he'd never text message. He thinks it's very childish and unprofessional to text message.M： Yeah, I can see what he means. It's considered pretty informal to text message to someone.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you've just heard.Q8： What does the man say about himself?Q9： What does the woman tend to do while she is on the phone?Q10： Why did the man text message all his friends when he first got his cell phone?Q11： What does the woman's father think of text messaging?Conversation TwoW： Good morning, Mr. Johnson. How can I help you?M： Well, I'd like to talk to you about Tim Bond, the department manager.W： What seems to be the problem?M： Well, ever since Sandra left the department, I feel like I've been targeted to do all her work as well as mine.I'm expected to attend too many meetings and I seem to be spending a lot of my time doing unnecessary paper work.W： I'm sorry to hear that.M： And, on top of that, I'd specifically asked if Icould leave early last Friday as I done a lot of overtimeduring the week. But that afternoon, even though I'd finishedmy assigned work, I was told to help other colleagues finish their work, too.W： But surely that's a positive sign showing that Mr. Bond has a lot of trust in you.M： Yes, but other colleagues get to leave early, and they don't have such a lot of work to do.W： So you feel he's really making unrealistic demands on you?M： Yes, absolutely.W： Have you approached Mr. Bond about this particular problem?M： I've tried, but it seems like he just has no timefor me.W： Well, at this stage, it would be better if you approached him directly. If nothing else showing that you've tried to solve the problem yourself before you take itfurther. Makes it clear that you're just not a complainer.Why don't you send an email requesting a meeting with him in private?M： Hmm, I've been a bit worried about his reaction. But anyway I'll send him an email to request a meeting, and I'llsee what happens from there. Thanks for your advice.W： Good luck. And let us know the outcome.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you've just heard.Q12. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?Q13. What is the man's chief complaint?Q14. How does the woman interpret the fact that the man was asked to help his colleagues with their work?Q15. What did the woman advise the man to do?【News Reports】News Report 1The International Labor Organization says the number of people without jobs is increasing. In its latest update onglobal employment trends, the agency says projections of the number of unemployed people this year range from 210 million to nearly 240 million people. The report warns that 200million poor workers are at risk of joining the ranks ofpeople living on less than 2 dollars per day in the pastthree years. The director general of the International Labor Organization Juan Somavia notes that some countries have taken measures to address the effects of the global crisis.However, he points out that many countries have not done so. And based on past experiences, it takes four to fiveyears after economic recovery for unemployment to return to pre-crisis levels. Mr. Somavia says the International Labor Organization is proposing a global jobs' agreement to dealwith unemployment. 'It's key objective is to play so thecenter of recovery efforts, measures that would generate high levels of employment and provide basic social protection forthe most vulnerable.'Q1. What is the news report mainly about?Q2. What does, Juan Somavia, the director general of the International Labor Organization say?News Report 2Big fast food chains in New York City have started to obey a first of its kind rule, requiring them to post calorie counts right on the menu. Cathy Nurses is with the New York City department of health, 'We wanted to give people an opportunity to actually see the calories before theypurchased the food and make a decision and inform decision. That if they want to make their healthier choice, if theywant to eat fewer calories they can. And we expect this will have a huge impact on obesity. And of course, if it has an impact on obesity, it will have an impact on diabetes andheart disease and high blood pressure. 'The new rules will introduce as a part of anti-obesity campaign. That also includes a recent citywide ban and artificial trans-fats in restaurant food. The menu roll only applies to restaurantsthat serve standardized potion sizes and have fifty more locations nationwide. Starting last Saturday, chains big enough to fall under the rule will face penalties about 2000 dollars for not showing calorie information in a prominentspot on their menus preferably next to the price.Q3. What are big fast food chains in New York City require to do according to the new rule?Q4. What would happen to big restaurant chains that violate the new rule?News Report ThreeAlmost all companies recognize the importance ofinnovation today. But not many are able to integrateinnovation into their business.A commentary in the Shanghai Daily points out thatinnovation doesn't mean piles of documents. It is somethingmore practical. The article says many people tend to assumethat innovation just means creating something new, butactually it's more than that. It's an attitude of doingthings. A company should find ways to innovate not just inproducts but also in functions, business models and processes.The article cites the global giant Procter & Gamble asan example, saying a real innovative company should developan innovation culture and use it as a primary tool forsuccess. Procter & Gamble has a “Corporate Innovation Fund”　which offers big rewards for high-risk ideas that succeed. Italso has a special innovation facility for its employees.Sometimes its employees are released from their daily jobsfor weeks and spend their time interacting in the innovationfacility instead. In conclusion, the article says innovativeideas alone do not ensure success. It's pointless unlessthere is a repeatable process in place to turn inspirationinto financial performance.Q5. What is the problem with many companies according tothe news report?Q6. What do many people tend to think of innovation?Q7. What does the company Procter & Gamble owe itssuccess to?。

2019年6月英语四级听力原文+答案：试卷一长对话（沪江网校）_沪江英语学习网Section BConversation 1W: Kyle, how did your (8) driver’s theory exam go? It was yesterday, right?M: Yes, I prepared it as much as I could, but I was so nervous since it was my second try. The people who worked at the test center were very kind, though. We had a little conversation which calmed me down a bit, and that was just what I needed. Then, after the exam, they printed out my result, but I was afraid to open it until I was outside. It was such a relief to pass.W: Congratulations! I knew you could do it! (9) I guess you underestimated how difficult it would be the first time, didn’t you? I hear a lot of people make that mistake and go in underprepared. But g ood job in passing the second time. I’m so proud of you. Now all you have to do next is your road test. Have you had any lessons yet?M: (10) Yes, thanks. I’m so happy to be actually on the road now. I’ve only had two driving lessons so far and my instruc tor is very understanding. So I’m really enjoying it and I can’t wait for my next session although the lessons are rather expensive. Twenty pounds an hour, and the instructor says, I’ll need about 30 to 40 lessons in total. That’s what--six to eight hundred pounds!(11) So this time I’ll need to make a lot more effort and hopefully will be successful the first time. M: Well, good luck!8. What did the man do yesterday?9. Why did he fail the exam the first time?10. What does the man say about his driving lessons?11. What does the man hope to do next?Long conversation 2M: Emma, I got accepted to the University of Leeds. Since you’re going to university in England, (12) do you know how much it is for international students to study there?W: Congratulations! Yes, I believe for international students, you’ll have to pay around 13,000 pounds a year. It’s just a bit more than the local students.M: Ok, so that’s about 17,000 dollars for the tuition and fees. (13) Anyway, I’m only going to be th ere for a year doing my masters, so it’s pretty good. If I stayed in the US, it’d take two years and cost at least 50,000 dollars in tuition alone. (14) Also, I have a good chance of winning a scholarship at Leeds, which will be pretty awesome, the benefits of being a music genius.W: (14) Yeah, I heard you’re a talented piano player. So you’re doing a post-graduate degree now? I’m still in my last year graduating next June. Finally I’ll be done with my studies and can go on to earn in loads of money.M: Are you still planning on being a teacher? No money in that job then?W: You’d be surprised. (15) I’m still going to be a teacher. But the plan is to work at an international school overseas after I get a year or so of experience in England. It’s better paid and I get to travel, which reminds me I’m late for my class and I’ve got some documents I need to print out first. I’d better run.12. What does the man want to know?13. What is the man going to do?14. What might qualify the man for a scholarship at Leeds University?15. What is the woman planning to do after graduation?。

2019年6月英语四级听力真题：卷一听力原文2019年6月英语四级听力真题：卷一听力原文News Report 1The International Labor Organization says the number of people without jobs is increasing. In its latest update on global employment trends, the agency says projections of the number of unemployed people this year range from 210 million to nearly 240 million people. The report warns that 200 million poor workers are at risk of joining the ranks of people living on less than 2 dollars per day in the past three years. The director general of the International Labor Organization Juan Somavia notes that some countries have taken measures to address the effects of the global crisis.However, he points out that many countries have not done so. And based on past experiences, it takes four to five years after economic recovery for unemployment to return to pre-crisis levels. Mr. Somavia says the International Labor Organization is proposing a global jobs' agreement to deal with unemployment. 'It's key objective is to play so the center of recovery efforts, measures that would generate high levels of employment and provide basic social protection for the most vulnerable.'Q1. What is the news report mainly about?Q2. What does, Juan Somavia, the director general of the International Labor Organization say?News Report 2Big fast food chains in New York City have started to obey a first of its kind rule, requiring them to post calorie counts right on the menu. Cathy Nurses is with the New York City department of health, 'We wanted to give people an opportunity to actually see the calories before they purchased the food and make a decision and inform decision. That if they want to make their healthier choice, if they want to eat fewer calories they can. And we expect this will have a huge impact on obesity. And of course, if it has an impact on obesity, it will have an impact on diabetes and heart disease and high blood pressure. 'The new rules will introduce as a part of anti-obesity campaign. That also includes a recent citywide ban and artificial trans-fats in restaurant food. The menu roll only applies to restaurants that serve standardized potion sizes and have fifty more locations nationwide. Starting last Saturday, chains big enough to fall under the rule will face penalties about 2000 dollars for not showing calorie information in a prominent spot on their menus preferably next to the price.Q3. What are big fast food chains in New York City require to do according to the new rule?Q4. What would happen to big restaurant chains that violate the new rule?News Report 3Almost all companies recognize the importance of innovation today. But not many are able to integrate innovation into their business.A commentary in the Shanghai Daily points out that innovation doesn't mean piles of documents. It is something more practical. The article says many people tend to assume that innovation just means creating something new, butactually it's more than that. It's an attitude of doing things. A company should find ways to innovate not just in products but also in functions, business models and processes.The article cites the global giant Procter & Gamble asan example, saying a real innovative company should developan innovation culture and use it as a primary tool for success. Procter & Gamble has a “Corporate Innovation Fund” which offers big rewards for high-risk ideas that succeed. It also has a special innovation facility for its employees. Sometimes its employees are released from their daily jobsfor weeks and spend their time interacting in the innovation facility instead. In conclusion, the article says innovative ideas alone do not ensure success. It's pointless unlessthere is a repeatable process in place to turn inspiration into financial performance.Q5. What is the problem with many companies according to the news report?Q6. What do many people tend to think of innovation?Q7. What does the company Procter & Gamble owe its success to?Conversation OneM： So, Linzy, do you like to text message on your cell phone?。

四级考试真题（附带答案解析及听力原文）考试时间安排：一般在6月18日和12月17日左右大学英语四级考试流程8：50---9：00试音时间9：00---9：10播放考场指令，发放作文考卷9：10取下耳机，开始作文考试9：35发放含有快速阅读的试题册（但9：40才允许开始做）9：40---9：55做快速阅读9：55---10：00收答题卡一（即作文和快速阅读）9：55---10：00重新戴上耳机，试音寻台，准备听力考试10：00开始听力考试，电台开始放音听力结束后完成剩余考项。

11：20全部考试结束。

Part ⅠWriting (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Excessive Packaging following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.1.目前许多商品存在过度包装的现象2.出现这一现象的原因3.我对这一现象的看法和建议On Excessive PackagingPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1. For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C）and D). For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Small Schools RisingThis year’s list of the top 100 high schools shows that today, those with fewer students are flourishing.Fifty years ago, they were the latest thing in educational reform: big, modern, suburban high schools with students counted in the thousands. As baby boomers(二战后婴儿潮时期出生的人) came of high-school age, big schools promised economic efficiency. A greater choice of courses, and, of course, better football teams. Only years later did we understand the trade-offs this involved: the creation of excessive bureaucracies(官僚机构)，the difficulty of forging personal connections between teachers and students.SAT scores began dropping in 1963;today,on average,30% of students do not complete high school in four years, a figure that rises to 50% in poor urban neighborhoods. While the emphasis on teaching to higher, test-driven standards as set in No Child Left Behind resulted in significantly better performance in elementary(and some middle)schools, high schools for a variety of reasons seemed to have made little progress.Size isn’t everything, but it does matter, and the past decade has seen a noticeable countertrend toward smaller schools. This has been due ,in part ,to theBill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has invested $1.8 billion in American high schools, helping to open about 1,000 small schools-most of them with about 400 kids each with an average enrollment of only 150 per grade, About 500 more are on the drawing board. Districts all over the country are taking notice, along with mayors in cities like New York, Chicago and San Diego. The movement includes independent public charter schools, such as No.1 BASIS in Tucson, with only 120 high-schoolers and 18 graduates this year. It embraces district-sanctioned magnet schools, such as the Talented and Gifted School, with 198 students, and the Science and Engineering Magnet,with383,which share a building in Dallas, as well as the City Honors School in Buffalo, N.Y., which grew out of volunteer evening seminars for students. And it includes alternative schools with students selected by lottery(抽签)，such as H-B Woodlawn in Arlington, Va. And most noticeable of all, there is the phenomenon of large urban and suburban high schools that have split up into smaller units of a few hundred, generally housed in the same grounds that once boasted thousands of students all marching to the same band.Hillsdale High School in San Mateo, Calif, is one of those, ranking No.423—among the top 2% in the country—on Newsweek’s annual ranking of America’s top high schools. The success of small schools is apparent in the listings. Ten years ago, when the first Newsweek list based on college-level test participation was published, only three of the top 100 schools had graduating Classes smaller than 100 students. This year there are 22. Nearly 250 schools on the full ,Newsweek list of the top 5% of schools nationally had fewer than 200 graduates in 2007.Although many of Hillsdale’s students came from wealthy households, by the late 1990 average test scores were sliding and it had earned the unaffectionate nickname (绰号) “Hillsjail. ” Jeff Gilbert. A Hillsdale teacher who became principal last year, remembers sitting with other teachers watching students file out of a graduation ceremony and asking one another in astonishment, “How did that student graduate?”So in 2003 Hillsdale remade itself into three “houses,” romantically named Florence, Marrakech and Kyoto. Each of the 300 arriving ninth graders are randomly(随机地) assigned to one of the houses. Where they will keep the same four core subject teachers for two years, before moving on to another for 11th and 12th grades. The closeness this system cultivates is reinforced by the institution of “advisory”classes Teachers meet with students in groups of 25, five mornings a week, for open-ended discussions of everything from homework problems to bad Saturday-night dates. The advisers also meet with students privately and stay in touch with parents,so they are deeply invested in the students’ success.“We’re constantly talking about one another’s advisers,” says English teacher Chris Crockett. “If you hear that yours isn’t doing well in math, or see them sitting outside the dean’s office, it’s like a personal failure.” Along with the new structure came a more demanding academic program, the percentage of freshmen taking biology jumped from 17 to 95.“It was rough for some. But by senior year, two-thirds have moved up to physics,”says Gilbert “Our kids are coming to school in part because they know there are adults here who know them and care for them.”But not all schools show advances after downsizing, and it remains to be seen whether smaller schools will be a cure-all solution.The Newsweek list of top U.S. high schools was made this year, as in years past, according to a single metric, the proportion of students taking college-level exams. Over the years this system has come in for its share of criticism for its simplicity. But that is also its strength: it’s easy for readers to understand, and to do the arithmetic for their own schools if they’d like.Ranking schools is always controversial, and this year a group of 38 superintendents(地区教育主管)from five states wrote to ask that their schools be excluded from the calculation.“It is impossible to know which high schools are ‘the best’ in the nation, ”their letter read. in part. “Determining whether different schools do or don’t offer a high quality of education requires a look at man different measures, including students’ overall academic accomplishments and their subsequent performance in college. And taking into consideration the unique needs of their communities.”In the end, the superintendents agreed to provide the data we sought, which is, after all, public information. There is, in our view, no real dispute here, we are all seeking the same thing, which is schools that better serve our children and our nation by encouraging students to tackle tough subjects under the guidance of gifted teachers. And if we keep working toward that goal, someday, perhaps a list won’t be necessary.注意：此部分试题请在答卡1上作答.1． Fifty years ago. big. Modern. Suburban high schools were established in the hope of __________.A) ensuring no child is left behindB) increasing economic efficiencyC) improving students’ performance on SATD)providing good education for baby boomers2. What happened as a result of setting up big schools?A)Teachers’ workload increased.B)Students’ performance declined.C)Administration became centralized.D)Students focused more on test scores.3.What is said about the schools forded by the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation?A)They are usually magnet schools.B)They are often located in poor neighborhoods.C)They are popular with high-achieving students.D)They are mostly small in size.4.What is most noticeable about the current trend in high school education?A)Some large schools have split up into smaller ones.B)A great variety of schools have sprung up in urban and suburban areas.C)Many schools compete for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funds.D)Students have to meet higher academic standards.5.Newsweek ranked high schools according to .A)their students’ academic achievementB)the number of their students admitted to collegeC)the size and number of their graduating classesD)their college-level test participation6.What can we learn about Hillsdale’s students in the late 1990s?A)They were made to study hard like prisoners.B)They called each other by unaffectionate nicknames.C)Most of them did not have any sense of discipline,D)Their school performance was getting worse.7.According to Jeff Gilbert, the “advisory” classes at Hillsdale were set up so that students could .A)tell their teachers what they did on weekendsB)experience a great deal of pleasure in learningC)maintain closer relationships with their teachersD)tackle the demanding biology and physics courses8. is still considered a strength of Newsweek’s school ranking system in spite of the criticism it receives.9.According to the 38 superintendents, to rank schools scientifically, it is necessary to use .10.To better serve the children and our nation, schools students totake .Part ⅢListening Comprehension (35minutes)Section ADirections: in this section you will hear 8 short conversations, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A)、B）、C）and D)、and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答案卡2上作案。

【导语】2019年6⽉英语四级考试已结束，⽆忧考四六级频道在考后特别整理了2019年6⽉英语四级听⼒真题长对话原⽂，仅供⼤家参考，祝⼤家顺利通过四级考试！ 听⼒原⽂： Long conversation 1 W: Hi, Emma speaking, who’s this? M: Hi, Emma, I am Paul from Emingl’s delivery service. Here is a package for you. Are you at home to collect it? W: Er, sorry, Paul, I am out at the moment. Can you put it in my mail box? M：I am afraid I can’t do that, the package is too big and it needs a signature to confirm you have received it. So I have to deliver it at the time when you are in. W：Okay, well, I am out all day today. But I should be in tomorrow morning before I go out for lunch. And then I will be at home again late in the afternoon. Will either of those times be convenient for you? M: They are not, unfortunately, I won’t be in the area tomorrow as I have other deliveries to make at the other side of the town. I could come the day after if that suits you. W: Okay, that should be fine. I have a friend coming around in the afternoon, but I will be at home, so the day after tomorrow will be great. Do I need to pay for the package? M: No, you don’t. It says here you’ve already paid for it when you ordered it online. W: Oh, Yes, I did, I got mixed up, M: so you just need to sign the form to say you’ve received it. W: Okay, great, see you the day after tomorrow then. M: Yes, see you then Q8:Why is the man making the phone call? 由第⼀轮对话可知Hi, Emma, I am Paul from Emingl’s delivery service. Here is a package for you.男⼠打电话是要⼥⼠接收快递。

2019年6月英语四级听力原文：试卷一长对话（文都教育）_沪江英语学习网Long conversation 1W: Kale, how did your drivers theory exam go? It was yeasterday right?M: Yes, I prepared as much as I could, but I was so nervous since it was my second trying. The people who worked at the test center were very kind. Though we had a little conversation which calmed me down a bit. And that what I just needed. Then after the exam they printed out my result but I was so afraid to open it until I was outside. It was a relief to pass.W: Congratulations.I knew you could do it. I guess you underestimated how difficult it would be the first time, didn’t you? I hear a lot of people make that mistake and go in underprepared but good job in passing the second time. I’m so proud of you. Now all you have to do next is your road test. Have you had any lessons yet?M: Yes. Thanks. I’m so happy to be actually on the road now. I’ve only had two driving lessons so far and my instructor is very understanding, so I’m really enjoying it and I can’t wait for my next session although the lessons are rather expensive. 20 pounds an hour and the instructor says I’ll need about 30 to 40 lessons in total, that’s what six to eight hundred pounds. So this is time I’ll need to make a lot more effort and hopefully we’ll be successful the first time.W: Well, good luck.Long conversation 2M: University of Leeds. Since you’re going to university in England. Do you know how much it is for international students to study there?W: Congratulations. Yes, I believe for international students you will have to pay around thirteen thousand pounds a year. It’s just a bit more than the local students.M: OK, so that’s about seventeen thousand dollars for the tuition and fees. Anyway I’m only going to be there for a year doing my masters. So it’s pretty good. If I stayed in the US, it would take two years and cost at least fifty thousand dollars intuition alone. Also, have a good chance of winning a scholarship at Leeds which would be pretty awesome. The benefits of being a music genius.W: Yeah I heard you’re a talented piano player. So you’re doing a postgraduate degree now. I’m still in my last year, graduating next June. Finally I’ll be done with my studies and could go on to earning loads of money.M: Are you still planning on being a teacher? No money in that job then.W: You’d be surprised I’m still going to be a teacher but the plan is to work at an international school overseas after I get a year or so of experience in England. It’s better pay and I get to travel which reminds me I’m late for my class and I’ve got some documents I need to print out first. I’d better run.。

2019年6月四级真题（第一套）答案附后面Part I WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a local farm organized by your Student Union. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) He set a record by swimming to and from an island.B) He celebrated ninth birthday on a small island.C) He visited a prison located on a faraway island.D) He swam around an island near San Francisco.2.A) He doubled the reward.B) He set him an example.C) He cheered him on all the way.D) He had the event covered on TV.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) To end the one-child policy.B) To encourage late marriage.C) To increase working efficiency.D) To give people more time to travel.4.A) They will not be welcomed by young people.B) They will help to popularize early marriage.C) They will boost China’s economic growth.D) They will not come into immediate effect.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A) Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.B) Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.C) A new company to clean up the mess after parties.D) Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends.6.A) It takes a lot of time to prepare.B) It leaves the house in a mess.C) It makes party goers exhausted.D) It creates noise and misconduct.7.A) Hire an Australian lawyer.B) Visit the U.S. and Canada.C) Settle a legal dispute.D) Expand their business.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A) He had a driving lesson.B) He got his driver’s license.C) He took the driver’s theory exam.D) He passed the driver’s road test.9.A) He was not well prepared.B) He did not get to the exam in time.C) He was not used to the test format.D) He did not follow the test procedure.10.A) They are tough.B) They are costly.C) They are helpful.D) They are too short.11.A) Pass his road test the first time.B) Test-drive a few times on highways.C) Find an experienced driving instructor.D) Earn enough money for driving lessons.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) Where the woman studies.B) The acceptance rate at Leeds.C) Leeds’ tuition for international students.D) How to apply for studies at a university.13.A) Apply to an American university.B) Do research on higher education.C) Perform in a famous musical.D) Pursue postgraduate studies.14.A) His favorable recommendations.B) His outstanding musical talent.C) His academic excellence.D) His unique experience.15.A) Do a master’s degree.B) Settle down in England.C) Travel widely.D) Teach overseas.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A) They help farmers keep diseases in check.B) Many species remain unknown to scientists.C) Only a few species cause trouble to humans.D) They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.17.A) They are larger than many other species.B) They can cause damage to people’s homes.C) They can survive a long time without water.D) They like to form colonies in electrical units.18.A) Deny them access to any food.B) Keep doors and windows shut.C) Destroy their colonies close by.D) Refrain from eating sugary food.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) The function of the human immune system.B) The cause of various auto-immune diseases.C) The viruses that may infect the human immune system.D) The change in people’s immune system as they get older.20.A) Report their illnesses.B) Offer blood samples.C) Act as research assistants.D) Help to interview patients.21.A) Strengthening people’s immunity to infection.B) Better understanding patients’ immune system.C) Helping improve old people’s health conditions.D) Further reducing old patients’ medical expenses.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) His students had trouble getting on with each other.B) A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.C) His students were struggling to follow his lessons.D) A group of kids were playing chess after school.23.A) Visit a chess team in Nashville.B) Join the school’s chess te am.C) Participate in a national chess competition.D) Receive training for a chess competition.24.A) Most of them come from low-income families.B) Many have become national chess champions.C) A couple of them have got involved in crimes.D) Many became chess coaches after graduation.25.A) Actions speak louder than words.B) Think twice before taking action.C) Translate their words into action.D) Take action before it gets too late.Part III Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. It has 26 from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming to life.In a 27 to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced 28 that could make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road.“Michigan’s 29 in auto research and development is under attack from several states and countries who desire to 30 our leadership in transportation. We can’t let that happen,” says Senator Mike Kowall, the lead 31 of four bills recently introduced.If all four bills pass as written, they would 32 a substantial update of Michigan’s 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions. Manufacturers would have nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of self-driving cars on cross-state road trips, and even set up on-demand 33 of self-driving cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application of self-driving technology. In 34 , California, home of Silicon Valley, recently proposed far more 35 rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel, and ban commercial use of self-driving technology.A) bidB) contrastC) deputyD) dominanceE) fleetsF) knotsG) legislationH) migrated I) replaceJ) represent K) restrictive L) reward M) significant N) sponsor O) transmittedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How Work Will Change WhenMost of Us Live to 100A) Today in the United States there are 72,000 centenarians (百岁老人). Worldwide, probably 450,000. If current trends continue, then by 2050 there will be more than a million in the US alone. According to the work of Professor James Vaupel and his co-researchers, 50% of babies born inthe US in 2007 have a life expectancy of 104 or more. Broadly the same holds for the UK, Germany, France, Italy and Canada, and for Japan 50% of 2007 babies can expect to live to 107.B) Understandably, there are concerns about what this means for public finances given the associated health and pension challenges. These challenges are real, and society urgently needs to address them. But it is also important to look at the wider picture of what happens when so many people live for 100 years. It is a mistake to simply equate longevity (长寿) with issues of old age. Longer lives have implications for all of life, not just the end of it.C) Our view is that if many people are living for longer, and are healthier for longer, then this will result in an inevitable redesign of work and life. When people live longer, they are not only older for longer, but also younger for longer. There is some truth in the saying that “70 is the new 60” or “40 the new 30”. If you age more slowly over a longer time period, then you are in some sense younger for longer.D) But the changes go further than that. Take, for instance, the age at which people make commitments such as buying a house, getting married, having children, or starting a career. These are all fundamental commitments that are now occurring later in life. In 1962, 50% of Americans were married by age 21. By 2014, that milestone (里程碑) had shifted to age 29.E) While there are numerous factors behind these shifts, one factor is surely a growing realization for the young that they are going to live longer. Options are more valuable the longer they can be held. So if you believe you will live longer, then options become more valuable, and early commitment becomes less attractive. The result is that the commitments that previously characterized the beginning of adulthood are now being delayed, and new patterns of behavior and a new stage of life are emerging for those in their twenties.F) Longevity also pushes back the age of retirement, and not only for financial reasons. Yes, unless people are prepared to save a lot more, our calculations suggest that if you are now in your mid-40s, then you are likely to work until your early 70s; and if you are in your early 20s, there is a real chance you will need to work until your late 70s or possibly even into your 80s. But even if people are able to economically support a retirement at 65, over thirty years of potential inactivity is harmful to cognitive (认知的) and emotional vitality. Many people may simply not want to do it.G) And yet that does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing. Just lengthening that second stage of full-time work may secure the financial assets needed for a 100-year life, but such persistent work will inevitably exhaust precious intangible assets such as productive skills, vitality, happiness, and friendship.H) The same is true for education. It is impossible that a single shot of education, administered in childhood and early adulthood, will be able to support a sustained, 60-year career. If you factor in the projected rates of technological change, either your skills will become unnecessary, or your industry outdated. That means that everyone will, at some point in their life, have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills.I) It seems likely, then, that the traditional three-stage life will evolve into multiple stages containing two, three, or oven more different careers. Each of these stages could potentially bedifferent. In one the focus could be on building financial success and personal achievement, in another on creating a better work/life balance, still another on exploring and understanding options more fully, or becoming an independent producer, yet another on making a social contribution. These stages will span sectors, take people to different cities, and provide Foundation for building a wide variety of skills.J) Transitions between stages could be marked with sabbaticals (休假) as people find time to rest and recharge their health, re-invest in their relationships, or improve their skills. At times, these breaks and transitions will be self-determined, at others they will be forced as existing roles, firms, or industries cease to exist.K) A multi-stage life will have profound changes not just in how you manage your career, but also in your approach to life. An increasingly important skill will be your ability to deal with change and even welcome it. A three-stage life has few transitions, while a multi-stage life has many. That is why being self-aware, investing in broader networks of friends, and being open to new ideas will become even more crucial skills.L) These multi-stage lives will create extraordinary variety across groups of people simply because there are so many ways of sequencing the stages. More stages mean more possible sequences.M) With this variety will come the end of the close association of age and stage. In a three-stage life, people leave university at the same time and the same age, they tend to start their careers and family at the same age, they proceed through middle management all roughly the same time, and then move into retirement within a few years of each other. In a multi-stage life, you could be an undergraduate at 20, 40, or 60; a manager at 30, 50, or 70; and become an independent producer at any age.N) Current life structures, career paths, educational choices, and social norms are out of tune with the emerging reality of longer lifespans. The three-stage life of full-time education, followed by continuous work, and then complete retirement may have worked for our parents or even grandparents, but it is not relevant today. We believe that to focus on longevity as primarily an issue of aging is to miss its full implications. Longevity is not necessarily about being older for longer. It is about living longer, being older later, and being younger longer.36. An extended lifespan in the future will allow people to have more careers than now.37. Just extending one’s career may have both positive and negative effects.38. Nowadays, many Americans have on average delayed their marriage by some eight years.39. Because of their longer lifespan, young people today no longer follow the pattern of life of their parents or grandparents.40. Many more people will be expected to live over 100 by the mid-21st century.41. A longer life will cause radical changes in people’s approach to life.42. Fast technological change makes it necessary for one to constantly upgrade their skills.43. Many people may not want to retire early because it would do harm to their mental and emotional well-being.44. The close link between age and stage may cease to exist in a multi-stage life.45. People living a longer and healthier life will have to rearrange their work and life.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.In the classic marriage vow (誓约), couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife – not the husband – becomes seriously ill.“Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce”, said researched Amelia Karraker.Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of date on 2,717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first interview, at least oneof the partners was over the age of 50.The researchers examined how the onset (发生) of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They found that, overall, 31% of marriages ended in divorce over the period studied. The incidence of new chronic (慢性的) illness onset increased over time as well, with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems.“We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of illness,” Karraker said. “They’re more likely to be widowed, and if they’re the ones who become ill, they’re more likely get divorced.”While the study didn’t assess why divorce is more likely when wives but not husbands become seriously ill, Karraker offers a few possible reasons. “Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving may make it more difficult for men to provide ca re to sick spouses,” Karraker said. “And because of the imbalance in marriage markets, especially in older ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective partners than divorced women.”Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population, Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce.“Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce martial stress and prevent divorce at older ages,” she said. “But it’s also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs.”46. What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage?A) They may not guarantee a lasting marriage.B) They are as binding as they used to be.C) They are not taken seriously any more.D) They may help couples tide over hard times.47. What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands?A) They are generally not good at taking care of themselves.B) They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illness.C) They can develop different kinds of illness just like their wives.D) They are more likely to contract serious illness than their wives.48. What does Karraker say about women who fall ill?A) They are more likely to be widowed.B) They are more likely to get divorced.C) They are less likely to receive good care.D) They are less likely to bother their spouses.49. Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker?A) They are more accustomed to receiving care.B) They find it more important to make money for the family.C) They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.D) They expect society to do more of the job.50. What does Karraker think is also important?A) Reducing marital stress on wives.B) Stabilizing old couples’ relations.C) Providing extra care for divorced women.D) Making men pay for their wive s’ health costs.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.If you were like most children, you probably got upset when your mother called you by a sibling’s (兄弟姐妹的) name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved you less?Probably not. According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on, misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive (认知的) error that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names.The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition, found that the “wrong” name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond: children, siblings, friends. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychological significanc e to the mistake, says psychologist David Rubin, “but it does tell us who’s in and who’s out of the group.”The study also found that within that group, misnamings occurred where the names shared initial or internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1,700 people. Some of the surveys included only college students; others were done with a mixed-age population. Some asked subjects about incidents where someone close to them – family or friend – had called them by another person’s name. The other surveys asked about times when subjects had themselves called someone close to them by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries.In general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake slightly more often, but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also, mothers may call on their children more often than fathers, given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated, tired or angry.51. How might people often feel when they were misnamed?A) Unwanted.B) Unhappy.C) Confused.D) Indifferent.52. What did David Rubin’s research find about misnaming?A) It is related to the way our memories work.B) It is a possible indicator of a faulty memory.C) It occurs mostly between kids and their friends.D) It often causes misunderstandings among people.53. What is most likely the cause of misnaming?A) Similar personality traits.B) Similar spellings of names.C) Similar physical appearance.D) Similar pronunciation of names.54. What did the surveys of more than 1,700 subjects find about misnaming?A) It more often than not hurts relationships.B) It hardly occurs across gender boundaries.C) It is most frequently found in extended families.D) It most often occurs within a relationship group.55. Why do mothers misname their children more often than fathers?A) They suffer more frustrations.B) They become worn out more often.C) They communicate more with their children.D) They generally take on more work at home.Part IV TranslationDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.舞狮作为中国传统民间表演已有2000多年历史。

2019 年6 月大学英语四级真题完整版（第3 套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a volunteer activity organized by your StudentUnion. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questionswill be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A），B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.本次四级考试只有2 套听力Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank followingthe passage.Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices. Eachchoice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not useeany of the words in the bank more than onc．Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Just becausethey can’t sing opera or ride a bicycle doesn’t mean that animalsdon’t have culture. There’s no better example of this than killer whales. As one of the most __26__ predators食(肉动物)，killer whales may not fit the __27__ of a cultured creature. However, these beasts of the sea do display a vast range of highly __28__ behaviors that appear to be driving their genetic development.The word “culture”comes from the Latin “colere,”which __29__ means “to cultivate.”In other words, it refers to anything that is __30__ or learnt, rather than instinctive or natural. Among human populations, culture not only affects the way we live, but also writes itself into our genes, affecting who we are. For instance, having spent many generations hunting the fat marine mammals of the Arctic, the Eskimos ofGreenland have developed certain genetic __31__ that help them digest and utilizethis fat-rich diet, thereby allowing them to __32__ in their cold climate.Like humans, killer whales have colonized a range of different__33__ across the globe, occupying every ocean basin on the planet, with an empire that __34__ frompole to pole. As such, different populations of killer whales have had to learn different hunting techniques in order to gain the upper hand over their local prey(猎物). This,in turn, has a major effect on their diet, leading scientists to__35__ that the ability to learn population-specific hunting methods could be driving the animals’genetic development.A) acquired E) expressed I) image M) speculateB) adaptations F) extends J) literally N) structureC) brutal G) habitats K) refined O) thriveD) deliberately H) humble L) revolvesSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which theinformation is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer thequestions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Living with parents edges out other living arrangements for 18- to 34- year-olds[A] Broad demographic (人口的)shifts is marital status, educational attainment and employment have transformed the way young adults in the U.S. are living, and a newPew Research Center analysis highlights the implications of these changes for themost basic element of their lives—where they call home. In 2014,for the first time in more than 130 years, adults ages 18 to 34 were slightly more likely to be living intheir parents’home than they were to be living with a spouse or partner in their own household.[B] This turn of events is fueled primarily by the dramatic drop in the share ofyoung Americans who are choosing to settle down romantically before age 35. Datingbackto 1880, the most common living arrangement among young adults has been living witha romantic partner, whether a spouse or a significant other. This type of arrangement peaked around 1960, when 62% of the natio n’s 18-to 34-year-olds wereliving with a spouse or partner in their own household, and only one-in-fivewere living with their parents.[C] By 2014, 31.6% of young adults were living with a spouse or partner in their own household, below the share living in the home of their parent(s) (32.1%). Some 14%of young adults lived alone, were a single parent or lived with one or more roommates. The remaining 22% lived in the home of another family member (such as a grandparent,in-law or sibling ( 兄弟姐妹)), a non-relative, or in group quarters like college dormitories.[D] It ’s worth noting that the overall share of young adults living with their parents was not at a record high in 2014. This arrangement peaked around 1940, when about35% of the nation’s 18-to 34-year-olds lived with mom and/or dad (compared with 32%in 2014). What has changed, instead, is the relative share adopting different ways of living in early adulthood, with the decline of romantic coupling pushing living at home to the top of a much less uniform list of living arrangements.[E] Among young adults, living arrangements differ significantly by gender. For men ages 18 to 34, living at home with mom and/or dad has been the dominant living arrangementsince 2009, In 2014,28% of young men were living with a spouse ofpartner in their own home, while 35% were living in the home of theirparent(s). Young women, however, are still more likely to be living with a spouse of romanticpartner(35%) than they are to be living with their parent(s)(29%).[F] In 2014, more young women (16%) than young men (13%) were heading up ahousehold without a spouse or partner. This is mainly because women are more likelythan men to be single parents living with their children. For their part, young men (25%) are more likely than young women (19%) to be living in the home of anotherfamily member, a non-relative or in some type of group quarters.[G] A variety of factors contribute to the long-run increase in the share ofyoung. Adults living with the parents. The first in the postponement of, if notretreat from,marriage. The average age of first marriage has risen steadily for decades. In addition, a growing share of young adult may be avoiding marriage altogether. A previous Pewa syyoung adult Research Center analysis projected that as many as one-in-four of tod’may never marry. While cohabitation(同居)has been on the rise, the overall share of young adults either married or living with an unmarried partner has substantially fallen since 1990.[H] In addition, trends in both employment status and wages have likely contributedto the growing share of young adults who are living in the home of their parent(s),andthis is especially true of young men. Employed young men are much less likely to liveat home than young men without a job, and employment among young men has fallen significantly in recent decades.The share of young men with jobs peaked around1960 at 84%. In 2014, only 71% of 18-to-34-year-old men were employed. Similarly withearnings, young men’s wages (after adjusting for inflation) have been on a downward trajectory (轨迹) since 1970 and fell significantly from 2000 to 2010. As。

2019年6月大学英语四级真题完整版（第3套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.本次四级考试只有2套听力Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Just because they can’t sing opera or ride a bicycle doesn’t mean that animals don’t have culture. There’s no better example of this than killer whales. As one of the most __26__ predators(食肉动物)，killer whales may not fit the __27__ of a cultured creature. However, these beasts of the sea do display a vast range of highly __28__ behaviors that appear to be driving their genetic development.The word “culture” comes from the Latin “colere,” which __29__means “to cultivate.” In other words, it refers to anything that is __30__ or learnt, rather than instinctive or natural. Among human populations, culture not only affects the way we live, but also writes itself into our genes, affecting who we are. For instance, having spent many generations hunting the fat marine mammals of the Arctic, the Eskimos of Greenland have developed certain genetic __31__ that help them digest and utilize this fat-rich diet, thereby allowing them to __32__ in their cold climate.Like humans, killer whales have colonized a range of different __33__ across the globe, occupying every ocean basin on the planet, with an empire that __34__ from pole to pole. As such, different populations of killer whales have had to learn different hunting techniques in order to gain the upper hand over their local prey(猎物). This, in turn, has a major effect on their diet, leading scientists to __35__ that the ability to learn population-specific hunting methods could be driving the animals’genetic development.A) acquired E) expressed I) image M) speculateB) adaptations F) extends J) literally N) structureC) brutal G) habitats K) refined O) thriveD) deliberately H) humble L) revolvesSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Living with parents edges out other living arrangements for18- to 34- year-olds[A] Broad demographic (人口的)shifts is marital status, educational attainment and employment have transformed the way young adults in the . are living, and a new Pew Research Center analysis highlights the implications of these changes for the most basic element of their lives—where they call home. In 2014,for the first time in more than 130 years, adults ages 18 to 34 were slightly more likely to be living in their parents’ home than they were to be living with a spouse or partner in their own household.[B] This turn of events is fueled primarily by the dramatic drop in the share of young Americans who are choosing to settle down romantically before age 35. Dating back to 1880, the most common living arrangement among young adults has been living with a romantic partner, whether a spouse or a significant other. This type of arrangement peaked around 1960, when 62% of the nation’s 18-to 34-year-olds were living with a spouse or partner in their own household, and only one-in-five were living with their parents.[C] By 2014, % of young adults were living with a spouse or partner in their own household, below the share living in the home of their parent(s) %). Some 14% of young adults lived alone, were a single parent or lived with one or more roommates. The remaining 22% lived in the home of another family member (such as a grandparent, in-law or sibling (兄弟姐妹)), a non-relative, or in group quarters like college dormitories.[D]It’s worth noting that the overall share of young adults living with their parents was not at a record high in 2014. This arrangement peaked around 1940, when about 35% of the nation’s 18-to 34-year-olds lived with mom and/or dad (compared with 32% in 2014). What has changed, instead, is the relative share adopting different ways of living in early adulthood, with the decline of romantic coupling pushing living at home to the top of a much less uniform list of living arrangements.[E] Among young adults, living arrangements differ significantly by gender. For men ages 18 to 34, living at home with mom and/or dad has been the dominant living arrangement since 2009, In 2014,28% of young men were living with a spouse of partner in their own home, while 35% were living in the home of their parent(s). Young women, however, are still more likely to be living with a spouse of romantic partner(35%) than they are to be living with their parent(s)(29%).[F] In 2014, more young women (16%) than young men (13%) were heading up a household without a spouse or partner. This is mainly because women are more likely than men to be single parents living with their children. For their part, young men (25%) are more likely than young women (19%) to be living in the home of another family member, a non-relative or in some type of group quarters.[G]A variety of factors contribute to the long-run increase in the share of young. Adults living with the parents. The first in the postponement of, if not retreat from, marriage. The average age of first marriage has risen steadily for decades. In addition, a growing share of young adultmay be avoiding marriage altogether. A previous Pew Research Center analysis projected that as many as one-in-four of today’s young adult may never marry. While cohabitation(同居)has been on the rise, the overall share of young adults either married or living with an unmarried partner has substantially fallen since 1990.[H] In addition, trends in both employment status and wages have likely contributed to the growing share of young adults who are living in the home of their parent(s), and this is especially true of young men. Employed young men are much less likely to live at home than young men without a job, and employment among young men has fallen significantly in recent decades. The share of young men with jobs peaked around 1960 at 84%. In 2014, only 71% of 18-to-34-year-old men were employed. Similarly with earnings, young men’s wages (after adjusting for inflation) have been on a downward trajectory (轨迹) since 1970 and fell significantly from 2000 to 2010. As wages have fallen, the share of young men living in the home of their parent(s) has risen.[I] Economic factors seem to explain less of why young adult women are increasingly likely to live at home. Generally, young women have had growing success in the paid labor market since 1960 and hence might increasingly be expected to be a be to afford to afford to live independently of their parents. For women, delayed marriage—which is related, in part, to labor market outcomes for men—may explain more of the increase in their living in the family home.[J] The Great Recession (and modest recovery) has also been associated with an increase in young adults living at home. Initially in the wake of the recession, college enrollments expanded, boosting the ranks of young adults living at home. And given the weak job opportunities facing young adults, living at home was part of the private safety net help young adults to weather the economic storm.[K]Beyond gender, young adult’s living arrangements differ considerable by education—which is tied to financial means. For young adults without a bachelor’s degree, as of 2008 living at home with their parents was more prevalent than living with a romantic partner. By 2014, 36% of 18-to 34-year-olds who had not completed a bachelor’s degree were living with their parent(s) while 27% were living with a spouse or partner. Among college graduates, in 2014 46% were married or living with a partner, and only 19% were living with their parent(s). Young adults with a college degree have fared much better in the labor market than their less-educated counterparts, which has in turn made it easier to establish their own households.young men are more likely to live with their parents than the employed.2014, the percentage of men aged 18 to 34 living with their parents was greater than that of their female counterparts.percentage of young people who are married or live with a partner has greatly decreased in the past three decades or so.the mid-20th century, only 20 percent of 18- to 34-year-old lived in their parents’ home.adults with a college degree found it easier to live independently of their parents.men are less likely to end up as single parents than young women.young adult women live with their parents than before due to delayed marriage.percentage of young men who live with their parents has grown due to their decreased pay in recent decades.rise in the number of college students made more young adults live with their parents.reason for young adults to live with their parents is that get married late or stay single all their lives.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find womenindistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they’re stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States According to the public, at least, it’s not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets.It’s also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women’s family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren’t more females in top leadership positions in business and politics.Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similar shares say the electorate(选民)and corporate America are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions.As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it’s only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime.do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research Center surveyA) They have to do more to distinguish themselves.B) They have to strive harder to win their positions.C) They are stronger than men in terms of willpower.D) They are just as intelligent and innovative as men.do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership rolesA) They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success.B) They are lacking in confidence when competing with men.C) Their failures may have something to do with family duties.D) Relatively few are hindered in their career advancement.is the primary factor keeping women from taking top leadership positions according to the recent surveyA) Personality traits.B) Gender bias.C) Family responsibilities.D) Lack of vacancies.does the passage say about corporate America in the near futureA) More and more women will sit in the boardroom.B) Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change.C) The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders.D) People have opposing opinions as to whether it will have more women leaders.do most Americans expect to see soon on America’s political stageA) A woman in the highest position of government.B) More and more women actively engaged in politics.C) A majority of women voting for a female president.D) As many women in top government positions as men.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following pa ssage.People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining. .A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries 1914 and 2014.The results reveal that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of . Latvian women. Meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of .James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says the global trend is likely to be due primarily to improvements in nutrition and healthcare. “An individual’s genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key role,” he added.A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. “Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy,” he said. “This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular(心血管的)disease among taller people.”But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many countries of north and sub-Saharan Africa causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.“One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situationin the 1980s,” said Alexander Moradi of the University of Sussex. The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential in terms of height.Bentham believe the global trend of increasing height has important implications. “How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in,” he said. “If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come.”51. What does the global study tell us about people’s height in the last hundred yearsA) There is a remarkable difference across continents.B) There has been a marked increase in most countries.C) The increase in people’s height has been quickening.D) The increase in women’s height is bigger than in men’s.52. What does James Bentham say about genetics in the increase of people’s heightA) It counts less than generally thought.B) It outweighs nutrition and healthcare.C) It impacts more on an individual than on population.D) It plays a more significant role in females than in males.53. What does Elio Riboli say about taller peopleA) They tend to live longer.B) They enjoy an easier life.C) They generally risk fewer fatal diseases.D) They have greater expectations in life.54. What do we learn about 18-year-olds in Uganda and NigerA) They grow up slower than their peers in other countries.B) They are actually shorter than their earlier generations.C) They find it hard to bring their potential into full play.D) They have experienced many changes of government55. What does James Bentham suggest we doA) Watch closely the global trend in children’s development.B) Make sure that our children grow up to their full height.C) Try every means possible to improve our environment.D) Ensure our children grow up in an ideal environment.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.灯笼起源于东汉，最初主要用于照明。

2019年6月大学英语四级真题及答案详解(第一套)Part I Writing (25 minutes)(请于正式开考半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell a computer you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand, specifications/features, condition and price, and your contact information.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。