开题报告-李倩

Dissertation ReportThesis: Primary English scalability job applied research Graduate Name: Li QianStudent ID: 20114104019Instructor: Yan HongProfessional: Subject Education (English) Admission date: 2011.3Te sources and topics in accordance topicsDmestic and international research profileEnglish major course work in primary and secondary schools, there are four forms: 1. Practice operations. 2. Written assignments. 3. verbal, listening tasks. 4 show the job. Through the above types of jobs, student work small but students learn a lot. In their spare time, students are encouraged to attend organized tennis, chess, tourism and other clubs, let the children get to know more friends, develop social skills. And participate in these activities, students often take jobs to do, such as helping tennis club competitions arrangements designed to understand the history and geography of tourist spots backgroundAmerican schools have student work on the following ten positioning: 1. Provide opportunities to practice; 2. Doing class preparation; 3. Participate in practical activities; 4. Development of students' personality; 5. Improve parent-child relationship; 6 .Strengthen school exchanges; 7 promoting peer activities; 8. implementing policies 9. Establish the image of the school; 10. Punish students with problems. It is understood that in the United States many of the students' work, but they work with our Chinese operations are fundamentally different. Their jobs are generally paper form, the teacher deadline , the process of doing the thesis requires students to Internet search data , provide guidance to the teacher needs, either through their own personal experience and so on.Other developed regions and countries of operation are similar, practical work, innovation, etc. to expand operations in the form of common applications has been. It is obvious that expansion of operations in foreign primary job has occupied a great deal of weight, got widespread attention.In China, there are many teachers work in progress on the design of curriculum, has been noted to expand students' knowledge and abilities required. Jobs are no longer limited to the traditional oral job, short-term operations, will do their homework and individual operations. Verbal operations, long- time operation, the election homework and group assignments, etc. to expand operations in the form of the rise in recent years and become a popular form of English homework , which have contributed to this thesis .On the expansion of primary school English jobs related theories(1)rimary English scalability nature of the operation①Expansion of jobs should be open. Open jobs open to students thinking, help develop students' intellectual and non-intellectual factors.②. Expansion of operations should be interactive. Allow students to self-exploration and the process of cooperation and exchange real use of knowledge.③. Expansion of operations should be hierarchical.④. Expansion of operations to reflect the cultural nature. Languageand culture are closely linked, the language is the carrier of culture . Learn English speaking countries learn English culture is very helpful. You can use the job to help students expand their knowledge and learn more than book knowledge.(2) Primary English scalability design jobs① Expansion of job design with interest as a starting point; primary school English teaching is the entry, should cultivate students ' interest in English first.②Expansion of job design should be closely related to life, allowing students to use English to do things. So as to allow students to use the real way to apply the knowledge learned.③ Development of job design to meet the learning of science, what kind of job the teacher arranged to be aware of the specific job tasks should discipline specific teaching goals and objectives.Purpose and significanceObjective:Primary English scalability job applied research in line "New Standard " requirements , adhere to the openness of the subject involved , in the form of interest, the content of a comprehensive , job evaluation richness principle. By analyzing the development status quo of job applications , according to the physical and psychological characteristics of students for elementary English scalability job classification , design ,display, home-school , re- positioning and practice evaluation for primary school English scalability job application specified direction , and the expansion of primary school English the basic characteristics of the job as well as its methods of operation to organize, summarize ; provided on the basis of the above and then some specific expansion of primary school English job application cases and analyzed from both theoretical and practical aspects of primary English expansion of teacher job application of this micro- teaching provides direct , practical and sound advice and suggestions.Implications for research:1.Primary English scalability job applied research in favor of new courses aim.The nature of the new curriculum reform, the new curriculum reform and development of innovative value orientation, to promote scientific education, democratization, full of ecological sustainability. For a part of the new curriculum reform, job design, this concept must penetrate them. "Changing the status quo mechanical training, promotes active participation of students, willing to explore the style of study, students acquire new knowledge and skills, analytical and problem-solving skills and the ability to communicate and cooperate." The traditional concept of English homework has been unable to adapt to the new curriculum implementation requirements, it is difficult for the English scientificdirection job design point. Primary English scalability jobs emerged for elementary English scalability job design theory and practice is imperative.2 Primary English scalability job applied research is the result of traditional teaching reflection.Educational process, educational researchers, teachers, parents have found a very common phenomenon: Most of the students do not like homework. While traditional job training memory ability of students is very effective, and has a strong operational. But practice tells us that the current mode of operation are followed discourage new curriculum reform process. Mainly reflected in: ①lack of personalized job ; ②emphasis on memory work light applications ; ③for quantity not for quality jobs ; ④ form of old-fashioned job , can not effectively motivate students ;3 Primary English scalability to meet the primary job of the applied research needs in learning EnglishFrom school children to learn English demands, expanding after-school pupils of jobs can help students to consolidate classroom learning English knowledge and promote their accumulated knowledge of English after school, broaden their horizons , develop practical skills . Meanwhile, the expansion of job can provide students with more opportunities for self-learning, the creation of enlightened thinking of thestudents learning English fun, to enable students to establish good study habits in English, the formation of their own learning English . Therefore, in order to better meet students' English language learning needs, the need for expansion of primary school English design commenced operations necessary research.4 Primary English scalability job applied research to meet the development needs of teachersNew curriculum will change the lives of students, the new curriculum will also change the lives of teachers can be said that the final decision on the new curriculum teachers strike, teachers' professional development is the key to the new curriculum reform. Seek professional development for teachers began to consciously plan to seek the greatest degree of self-development. Teachers will focus more on teaching an important part - the effectiveness of operations; concerns whether students can really do it, “apply their knowledge." Thus the problem of its teachers to be comprehensive and holistic attention.Research methodsTheoretical basis:New English Curriculum Standards (2011 Edition)1 the nature of the courseCompulsory English courses with tools and humanity’s dual nature. In terms of the instrument , English courses assume students basicEnglish literacy and develop students' thinking skills to the task , that students learn through English master basic English literacy and development of basic English listening, speaking , reading and writing skills , the initial formation English ability to communicate with others , to further promote the development of thinking skills . On humanity , the English courses to improve students' comprehensive undertaking the task of humanities , English courses that students can broaden their horizons through the rich experience of the provincial capital , the formation of cross-cultural awareness and enhance the spirit of patriotism , the development of innovation capacity , the formation of good character and correct outlook on life and values. Tools and humanity consent of English courses help students lay the foundation for lifelong development.2 Basic concepts①Focus on quality education, language learning for students' development reflects the value;②for all students, language learners concern different characteristics and individual differences;③Overall design goals, give full consideration to language learning progressive and persistent;④ emphasize the learning process, emphasis on language learning practical and applied;⑤Optimization evaluation methods, focusing on evaluation ofstudent's overall language proficiency;⑥ Rich curriculum resources expand channels of learning English; Humanistic theoryHumanistic Psychology fifties and sixties of the 20th centuries, the rise of a psychology in the United States thought, and their representative is Maslow and Rogers. Humanistic educational theory focus ed learners’ cognitive structure, emphasis on teaching the learner’s emotional, personality and mood of creative development, advocating a student-centered, self-selected student, self-discovery opportunities. Rogers emphasized that teaching should develop their personality, and fully mobilize the students ' intrinsic motivation to learn, and to create harmonious relationships. Humanistic learner-centered learning theory, requiring education should return to the origin of human development. Effective learning , it should be in a relaxed , cooperation, censure , warm safe atmosphere to learn , requires collective personality as threats to a minimum , the only way some of the students in order to have the best learning environment .Human Learning Theory Elementary English scalability job design inspiration:1. Job design should be student -centered2. When the job should be designed to open;3. Job design should take into account the students' affective factors;4 The job should be designed to facilitate students' collaborative learning and independent study;Zone of proximal development theoryVygotsky's “zone of proximal development theory”that the development of students, there are two levels: one is the student's current level, another is a student possible level of development. Gap between the two is the zone of proximal development. Teaching should focus on the student's zone of proximal development , to provide students with the contents of the difficulty to mobilize the enthusiasm of students , its potential , beyond its zone of proximal development to achieve the level of development of its difficulty , and then on the basis of the next development area development . And quality education as the background of the current teaching reform is advocated for all students, so that students develop a comprehensive development of the modern concept of teaching. In this view, the essence of teaching is to stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning, helping overall development of students. And Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development theory advocated teaching concept with exactly coincides. Vygotsky's zone of proximal development theory suggests that learning and development is a social and cooperative activity, they can never be “taught“to someone. It is suitable for students in their own minds to build their own understanding. And it is in this process, the teacher plays a “facilitator" and " Help “role to guide,motivate and help overall development of students.Vygotsky zone of proximal development theory’s“zone of proximal development theory” of primary school English scalability job design is important reference significance:1. According to the different characteristics of each student, layout different jobs, so that students can display their individuality;2. Job design should be based on the students' potential level of development, to guide students to develop;.Theory of Multiple IntelligencesSmart has always been an important area of research psychology. Among the many smart theory, Gardner's theory of multiple international had a broad impact. Gardner put intelligence is defined as " is a social and cultural environment and then the value of the standard , the individual in order to solve their own problems encountered in real or production and to create a product has the ability ."He believes that human intelligence is diverse, including at least eight basic intelligence: Linguistic intelligence; Logical-mathematical intelligence; spatial intelligence; Physical functioning intelligence; Musical intelligence; Interpersonal intelligence; Intrapersonal intelligence; Naturalist intelligence.Gardner " Multiple Intelligences Theory" Primary English scalability job design inspiration :1 job design should be open to all, so that each person's latent potential to be developed ;2 job designs should involve the entire intelligence field, to ensure overall development of students;3 contact job designs should focus on the students' social life, with practice;The third chapter discusses the specifics of how to implement the “Primary English scalability job applied research." In the form of a questionnaire survey in hand to prove that students like scalability jobs , job design to determine the principles of scalability , scientifically classify the job , jobs for primary school English scalability summed up how the scientific management . Chapter Summary “Primary English scalability job applied research “results.Method:This study uses literature study, questionnaire survey, and case study analysis, highlighting the close combination of theory and practice.Specifically, this study used a literature analysis, from the expansion of the purpose and significance involved in the operation, functional role , form, content, and other aspects of operations management to fully absorb and learn from the results of previous studies , in conjunction with their primary schools during elementary school English scalability job design practical experience for elementary English scalabilitycharacteristics and advantages of the job summary. In addition, we use survey methods to understand the development of pupils on the job acceptance and welcome degree. Meanwhile, the paper will use case analysis, showing the expansion of the students to do the job design case then analyzes.The study conditions and possible problemsTheoretical support is not enough. Compared with the traditional forms of work, sex work is only in recent years to expand proposed. In my elementary school English scalability job design research process, has been the practice will continue to focus on teaching, reflection, practice, have summarized some lessons strong teaching experience, but the phenomenon will be back to the root of the problem was known not deep, can not give strong theoretical support, which is I now do one of the study's confusion.Classroom observation survey is not scientific. According to my current professional knowledge is concerned, my questionnaire which will only interest in other aspects of popularity surveys.As the particularity of English in primary schools, each class every Wednesday lesson amount of hours on the job sometimes is not timely evaluation, or even the lack of effective and comprehensive platform for the display and then the job will dampen the enthusiasm of students . Fourth, the expected resultsThis thesis is closely linked to their coaching pep materials and daily teaching practice, primary school English scalability job design, job and into the game , painting , surveys , performing among ; and literature , science, art and other integrated, so student hands, brain , moving mouth ; allow students to complete the job at the same time happy , not only learned knowledge, but also to achieve a wide range of skills and the ability to expand and promote their lifelong learning and development. In addition, teachers in the research process, but also enrich their own educational theory and methods, through continuous reflection and exploration, will facilitate teachers to become learning teachers, research-oriented teachers.Paper writing scheduleIdentify research directions; literature search: 2013 January-May Opening report writing and sent instructors to review: June-July 2013 Dissertation: July 2013Investigation and analysis phases: in July 2013, October 2013Essay writing, completed the first draft sent to tutor reviewing: 2014 3-6 monthsModification and final papers: July-October 2014Papers submitted for review: October 2014Thesis: March 2015Te basic framework papersChapter IntroductionPrimary English first expansion of applied research in the experimental background jobSection II expansion of primary school English meaning of the job applied researchSection III of this study purpose and content of the frameworkChapter II expansion of primary school English literature review of job applied researchSection theoretical foundation1. New Elish Curriculum Standards (2011)2. Humanistic theory3. Zone roximal development theory4. Theory of Multiple IntelligencesSection II expansion of primary school English abroad jobs Research Section III definition of related concepts and theories1 expand teaching2 jobs3 Primary English scalability nature of the operation4 Primary English scalability design jobsChapter III expansion of primary school English research methods applied research jobs1 Research Description: Primary school English scalability jobapplication research mainly focused on the environment of the new curriculum in English primary job characteristics , explore meet the physical and psychological characteristics and language learning students regularly work in the form of expansion , research and development in the form of job content , scalability operations management, incentive mode.2.search objectives : to explore new curriculum meet scalability jobs Primary English layout, design and content management ; verification scalability than traditional practices can enhance students ' interest in learning, develop students' English learning, thus improving English scores .3 subjects : the Inner Mongolia Erdos Dalateqi I taught elementary school for the second experimental school , I taught fourth grade from the three classes take four ( five ) classes for the experimental classes, four ( six ) classes for the control classes .4. Research tools: questionnaires, classroom observation form5 research programs:① find problemsIn my usual teaching life, I found an interesting phenomenon: the acceptance of the job process, I found the children completed the expansion of the ideal job, more interested in this; there is often some teachers unexpected harvest. Therefore, I think it is necessary tounderstand the development of jobs and student interest in learning English if there is more closely associated.② To develop programsBeing proposed and to develop targeted solutionsEach unit requires experimental classes with at least one expansion of jobs, in the specific operation type, and I will be based on classroom unit topic category to decorate the corresponding expansion of operations. While in the control classes will not be able to use these.③ EmbodimentPrimary English scalability job on its contents for the following categories : letter class , word class , dialogue category, class essays , letters classes , learning letters , I will decorate the students in the supermarket or in their living environment to find letters, will allow students to make the license plate number, etc. ; word classes, such as in teaching TABLE, FRIDGE, and so more difficult to remember the word, I will ask the child room designs according to their preferences and use the English word mark, etc. ; conversation classes generally have major sentence , then I will design a form for students to interview , for example, in the study of which season do you like? after this sentence, I will ask the children interviewed their family or friends, or even allow students to sing the song by changing the subject sentence, so that the process of integration to complete some of the knowledge and skills ; PrimaryEnglish scalability job on its commitments are concerned, can be divided into individual assignments , group work double jobs, and jobs . Individual assignments completed by individuals , such as Figure write words ; Double jobs such as dialogue performances ; group work such as fashion shows , etc. ; Primary English expanded its operations to complete the process of the timing for short-term jobs and long-term operations. On completion of the long-term job is really a subject or module, around the theme of doing the job. Such as the fourth grade book after the first unit MY SCHOOL, I will let kids design MY NEW SCHOOL, and do the English description.Primary English scalability operations management① train competent assistant. Select a group in the class work ability, English quality strong, there is a certain prestige of the students do little helper.②. Using developmental evaluation methods. For example, for students to create and build a display platform, set in the class “English Corner “for English performances .Chapter IV Results and DiscussionSection Student Survey and DiscussionSection student test scores change discussionsChapter V Conclusions and RecommendationsPrimary English first expand the operation method of operationSection II expansion of primary school English job application process problems and emergency measuresSection III study limitationsVI. References1 of Underwater compulsory English curriculum standards( 2011 edition ) Hubei Education Press2 Howard Gardner Theories of Multiple Intelligences3 Ma Zhiling Multiple Intelligences Theory for English Teaching[J] Primary English Teaching and Research 2005 (3)4 Piaget, England Held Child Psychology [M] Commercial Press, 19865 Cheng Xiaotang, 2002, Analysis and design of English teaching materials, Beijing, China Radio and Television Press6 English homework layout techniques designed Chan Tat Chan Primary School Teaching7 junior jobs Jinpeng new curriculum concept model [J]. Primary and secondary teaching and research, 2006 (10)8 Pan Wenying Elementary English openness job design [J] Primary Teaching and Research, 2006 (2)10 He Canying language homework daily life trying [J] Primary School Teaching Research, 2005 (2)11 Mountain Kat, 2003, “high school English homework configuration qualitative and quantitative research",”Basic Education ForeignLanguage Teaching and Research “, 200312 Ni Xuhong , 2004, the "creative homework expand students' self- development space ", " primary and secondary school English teaching and research" , 2004 /113 Luling Huan, 2004, “the reform of elementary school English homework " , "primary and secondary teaching and research", 2004/ 414 Sui Ming Choi, 2001. “English teaching theory" , Guilin , Guangxi Education Press15 Wang Qiang editor, 2003, “Primary English Teaching Guide" , Higher Education Press16 Sheng Yanping , 2003, "Reform homework , extended task-based classroom teaching", " school English teaching and research" , 2003/ 6 17 Zhu Liping , 2005 , " penetrate new curriculum ideas , changing operating mode", " primary and secondary school English teaching and research" , 2005 /118 Zhou Xiaoyan , 2005 , " English homework reform and innovation", " school English teaching and research" , 2005 /119 Chinese Education Society of Professional Committee of Foreign Language Teaching organization Programme , 2003, " New Curriculum design innovative teaching English in primary schools ," Changchun: Northeast Normal University Press20. Wu Qinglin editor, 2003, "educational psychology ", Shanghai, EastChina Normal University Press21 Zhang Qi , 1999, " learning theory", Wuhan: Hubei Education Press22 Yuan Zhenguo editors, 2005, "contemporary pedagogy”,Beijing: Science Education Press23 High School Building rethink the design and evaluation of high school English homework, school foreign language teaching, 2001 (5)24. Beam Renlong . Allocation of junior high school homework. Teaching and management .2001 (5) ,25. Guo Liping , " school textbooks teaching " 2004 fourth ( for a primary school )26 Luo Wenming . Teaching, "Teacher new co ncept” [J] Job comments on the charm27 in English Teaching research study in some of the attempts [J] Primary English Teaching and Research 2006 (10)28 Wang Tan and implementation of the concept of cooperative learning [M]. China Personnel Press, 200229 Liu Guorong interpret the new curriculum [M] 200430. GUO Yujuan how to design practical and wonderful English homework "Teaching Jingwei in English”31. Rong Min design diversity jobs and promoting effective development of science and technology students Wenhui 2008 (10)32 Zhu Liping , 2005 , " penetrate new curriculum ideas , changingoperating mode", " primary and secondary school English teaching and research" , 2005 /133 Zhou Xiaoyan , 2005 , " English homework reform and innovation", " school English teaching and research" , 2005 /134 Chinese Education Society of Professional Committee of Foreign Language Teaching organization Programme , 2003, " New Curriculum design innovative teaching English in primary schools ," Changchun: Northeast Normal University Press35 Wu Qinglin editors, 2003, "educational psychology ", Shanghai, East China Normal University Press36 Zhang Qi , 1999, " learning theory", Wuhan: Hubei Education Press37 Yuan Zhenguo editor, 2005, "contemporary pedagogy”, Beijing : Science Education Press38 Bin Liu Qiang homework project oriented [J] Primary English Teaching and Research, 2005 (3)39 Preservice , Luo Xiaojie layout and marking English homework effective strategy [J] Primary English Teaching and Research , 2006 ( 2 )40 Zhenyu Child Psychology [M] Jiangsu Education Press, 200041 Mary English late war attempts to read job [J] Primary School Teaching Research, 2005 (11)42 Yang Liangbin activation using Multiple Intelligences Theory [J] elementary school English classroom teaching and research, 2005 (1)。

合肥市教育局关于公布2020年度合肥市教育信息技术研究课题立项的通知文章属性•【制定机关】合肥市教育局•【公布日期】2020.09.10•【字号】合教秘〔2020〕111号•【施行日期】2020.09.10•【效力等级】地方规范性文件•【时效性】现行有效•【主题分类】教育信息化正文合肥市教育局关于公布2020年度合肥市教育信息技术研究课题立项的通知各县（市）区教育主管部门，各市管学校：根据市教育局《关于组织申报安徽省和合肥市教育信息技术研究2020年度课题工作的通知》要求，在各县（市）区、市管学校推荐申报的基础上，经专家组审核，推荐申报了36项省级教育信息技术研究课题，并确定80项为2020年度市教育信息技术研究课题，现予以公布。

请各单位高度重视，督促并指导各课题组做好以下工作：一、各课题组尽快制定详实的课题实施方案，在三个月内组织开题，并将课题实施方案和开题报告报送到县（市）区教育信息技术研究课题管理部门，集中后报市装备电教中心。

二、各课题组严格按照《安徽省教育信息技术研究课题管理办法(试行)》和《关于加强合肥市教育信息技术研究课题管理的意见》的要求，认真开展课题研究，严格过程管理，确保课题研究取得预期成效。

课题承担单位要做好课题研究的时间、经费等各项研究条件的保障工作。

三、各课题组要按照申报的研究时间完成课题研究。

因特殊原因不能按时完成的，必须在结题期限的3个月前向市装备电教中心提出书面延期申请，经批准后方可延期，只能延期一次，延期时间不超过1年。

逾期不能完成课题研究任务，撤销立项，其课题负责人在三年内不得再申报教育信息技术研究课题。

各县（市）区教育信息技术研究课题管理部门负责对所属范围内的市级立项课题实施日常管理和指导，积极参与课题单位的研究工作，组织教育信息技术研究课题专家对研究的关键环节进行指导。

联系人：郭老师，电话：63505180，E-mail:CLOUDY70＠。

附件：2020年度合肥市教育信息技术研究立项课题一览表合肥市教育局2020年9月10日附件2020年度合肥市教育信息技术研究立项课题一览表。

雷佳之于歌剧《运河谣》演唱分析开题报告一、选题的依据和意义（一）选题依据雷佳是当代中国民族声乐表演艺术的领军人物。

其不仅在民族声乐作品的演唱上达到了炉火纯青的地步，同时也在中外歌剧舞台上大放异彩。

由她主演的《运河谣》是国家大剧院集体创作的第一部原创民族歌剧。

该剧无论是编剧、导演，还是表演、舞美等诸多方面，凝结多位名家之力，精雕细琢，堪称杰作。

雷佳，作为剧中一号人物，其精湛的演唱技巧、恰到好处的肢体语言，把女主人公“水红莲”的形象演绎的生动而鲜活。

雷佳的表演不仅打动了我、感染了我，更是走进亿万观众的心里。

作为一名声乐学习者，理应追随优秀高人的脚步，聆听她的歌声，学习她的技艺，感悟她的精神，进而努力探寻艺术的真谛！（二）选题意义雷佳作为新时代民族声乐的集中代表，无论是研究她的歌唱技术，还是探究其塑造的艺术形象，不仅有着较高的理论意义，而且具有重要的实践价值。

第一，通过民族歌剧《运河谣》这部作品，力争对歌唱家雷佳的演唱风格、审美意蕴进行总结与阐释，进而探寻其歌唱艺术的成功经验。

第二，通过对雷佳演绎的歌剧《运河谣》中经典唱段的分析，不仅能够展示歌唱家的艺术风采，而且有利于揭示精湛技艺背后的人文精神。

第三，通过对雷佳演唱个案的分析研究，力求能对包括自己在内的民族声乐学习或爱好者提供某些经验或启示，继而为我们未来的声乐学习和教学给予相关指导。

二、国内外有关本选题研究的动态《运河谣》自首演成功以来，备受学界关注与研究。

根据目前知网搜索的结果来看，相关研究主要散见于学术期刊、硕士论文以及报纸三种资源类型上。

为陈述方便，现将前人相关研究分为三个方面：1.关于《运河谣》创新性与艺术性之整体研究王晓霞《传与统的融合——歌剧<运河谣>中的本土风格透视》认为：“作品优美的旋律、跌宕起伏的剧情、写意的视觉，以及融合了东西方特色的创排手法，为中国乃至世界观众奉上了一席精美的视听盛宴。

在西方中心主义、文化帝国主义甚嚣尘上，许多东方民族本身具有的文化积淀湮没于‘西流’之中的背景下，以本土性风格审视为切入，可以发现，《运河谣》以史诗性的审美视角和朴实、清新的风格特征，将民族精神溶于作品的艺术创作，向人们展示出美好而真实的心灵以及深厚的运河文化，也体现了在民族化进程中我国歌剧探索的新成就。

开题报告保水剂对马铃薯产量及土壤生物学特性的影响学院：农学院专业：10级农学一班姓名：孙振威学号：100214513指导教师：李倩提交日期：二Ο一三年五月十五日1 引言1.1全区年平均降水量及四季降水量1981至2010年间，内蒙古年平均降水量总体上呈波动中缓慢下降趋势但下降趋势并不显著。

30年平均降水量为239.1 mm降水变化倾向率为-13.8mm/10a。

由年代变化看，20世纪80年平均降水量为248.4mm，90年代为相对丰水期平均降水量达251.4mm。

进入21世纪后，全区降水量呈明显的下降趋势。

1998年为降水量最多的年份，为359.8mm，2001年为最低，1981至1998年间降水量呈增加趋势，到1998年累积距平达最大值，1999至2010年降水量以减少为主，积距平变化呈波动中下降趋势[1]。

1.2资源短缺对我国农业生产的影响水是人类生活和生产活动不可缺少的重要资源，是经济社会可持续发展的基础，也是作物生长和提供农产品的先决条件。

水资源日益紧缺已经对我国经济社会发展构成了严重威胁,甚至成为经济社会发展的“瓶颈”;另一方面，我国水资源利用率不高，生产效率不足1.0kg/m3水资源浪费严重[2]。

特别是到21世纪以来，气候的全球性恶化所导致的水资源缺乏愈来愈严重，对粮食生产造成直接的威胁[3]。

近些年来,我国持续干旱,工农业用水严重不足,加上地下水过度开采,使得水缺乏问题在农业生产中变得更加突出.进入20世纪90年代以来,全国平均受旱面积近3000万hm2.每年因干旱减产粮食100~200亿kg,直接经济损失达100~200亿元[4]. 干旱缺水成为制约经济发展一个重要因素，在世界范围内，由于干旱胁迫所造成的减产可能要超过其素所导致的产量损失的总和[5]。

即使在非干旱的农业区，气候性干旱也对作产带来很大的危害，这在华北地区的农业生产表现的特别明显。

以内蒙古为例，水资源贫乏，生态环境恶化，植被破坏，导致水土流失严重、荒漠化加剧，严重制约着当地生态环境的改善和经济的发展，尤其是干旱持续对粮食生产负面影响较大，是降低产量的主要因子[6]。

“交互式电子白板在小学语文课堂教学中有效应用的实践研究”课题中期研究报告课题类别：信息化教学资源有效应用类课题编号：JXKT－XW－04－066一、课题简介课题由来：交互式电子白板是新兴的多媒体教学设备，拥有很多传白板的特有功能尤其是交互性功能应用在教学中，致使优质资源没有发挥出最大效益。

我选这个课题就是要研究语文课堂基于交互式白板的有效教学策略,建立开放的课堂教学环境，培养小学生学习语文的兴趣和方法，让有限的课堂时间向课外延伸，向社会生活延伸，从而获得更丰富更新鲜的营养。

课题界定：课题组主要以在我校一至六年级语文教学中科学合理的使用交互式电子白板，充分利用电子白板的各种交互式功能，最大限度地提高课堂教学的有效性。

目前，我校使用的交互式电子白板主要有以下几种：鸿合Hite-vision交互式电子白板、创维交互式电子白板、希沃交互式电子白板等。

研究目标：通过课题研究，达到教师教学理念和教育实践的根本转变。

让教师意识到，教学活动不只是教书，认识到课堂教学已不再是以“传授知识”为中心，而更要关注利用有效的媒体，使教学过程中学生思维方式发生变化、问题解决能力的培养和良好的情感和态度的形成等等。

从而重视、研究课程资源利用的过程，强调问题解决的有效性和实效性。

实现电子白板系统下教师教的方式和学生学习方式的转变。

（1）利用电子白板优势，探索提高语文教学质量的有效模式。

（2）通过教学案例不断探索电子白板与小学语文学科整合的新方法、新思路。

（3）通过开展课题研究促进教师应用电子白板的水平，提高教师的执教能力，培养高素质教师队伍。

研究内容: 通过课题组成员共同努力，及时总结分析，形成针对性的制作白板课件的方法和策略。

利用课题组教师汇报课、骨干教师示范课等形式进行展示，整理形成经验性论文。

1.调查了解实验学校交互式电子白板在小学语文教学中应用的现状（存在的问题及原因）；2.提出交互式电子白板在小学语文教学中有效应用的策略；3.初步探索交互式电子白板在小学语文教学中有效应用的评价方式；4.建立与交互式电子白板相关的优质教学资源库。

在小学中年级信息科技教学中渗透生命教育的实践研究的开题报告一、研究背景随着信息技术的高速发展，信息时代的到来，信息教育逐渐成为教育事业中越来越重要的一部分。

作为信息社会的新生代，小学生的信息素养和信息技能的培养成为广大教育工作者的责任和任务。

同时，近年来，关于生命教育的研究也越来越受到人们的重视，在小学阶段培养学生的生命意识、探究生命科学、人文关怀等多方面，都需要搭建适合小学生的教学平台。

因此，在小学中年级信息科技教学中渗透生命教育已经成为教育界的新课题，目前还缺乏深入研究和实践的探索。

二、研究目的本研究旨在通过探究小学中年级信息科技教学中渗透生命教育的实践，探索如何通过信息技术手段深入触及学生的生命意识，进一步引导学生深入了解生命科学，培养其人文情怀。

三、研究内容与方法1.研究内容（1）信息科技教学对生命教育的渗透；（2）生命教育在信息科技教学中的落地实践；（3）生命教育在信息科技教学中的影响及价值。

2.研究方法（1）文献资料的收集和分析；（2）案例研究法，对已有的信息科技教育中渗透生命教育实践案例进行借鉴分析；（3）问卷调查法，对一定数量的中年级学生和教师进行问卷调查，了解信息科技教育中生命教育渗透的实施效果。

四、研究意义本研究将为小学中年级信息科技教学中注入新的教育思想，实现生命教育的深度渗透，促进学生思想品德的全面发展。

五、预期成果与实施计划1.预期成果（1）完成一篇本领域较有价值的论文；（2）探索小学中年级信息科技教学中渗透生命教育的新途径；（3）提出对小学中年级信息科技教学中注入生命教育的新策略和方法。

2.实施计划（1）前期准备：文献资料收集和分析，通过调查和访谈收集相关信息，开展工作预先策划；（2）中期实施：根据成果目标，选择一定数量的中年级学生和教师开展问卷调查；（3）后期汇总：对所有信息汇总、分析成果，撰写文章。

六、研究难点（1）生命教育的定义与信息技术教育的融合；（2）信息科技教学中生命教育的实践策略和方法；（3）生命教育在信息教育中的实施效果及价值的评估。