2008、2009和2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试政治北京卷

2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）文科综合能力测试本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共300分。

考试时间150分钟第Ⅰ卷（选择题共140分）1．目前，人类已知月球上的能源有（）A．生物能、风能B．核能、潮汐能C．潮汐能、太阳能D．太阳能、核能图1电视收视率是指在某个时段收看电视的人（户）数占电视观众总人（户）数的百分比。

2．一般情况下，图1中表示北京地区电视收视率变化的曲线是（）A．①B．②C．③D．④构建模式图，探究地理基本原理、过程、成因及规律，是学习地理的方法之一。

读图2，回答3～5题。

图23．如果该图为在气环流模式，S线代表地球表面，则（）A．E处气温比H处高B．F处气压比G处低C．气流②自西向东运动D．E处的高度可达120千米4．如果该图为海陆间水循环模式，S线代表地球表面，则（）A．环节①参与地表淡水资源的补给B．环节②是陆地自然带形成的基础C．环节③使大洋表面海水的盐度降低D．环节④的运动距离与下垫面无关5．如果该图为世界洋流模式的南半球部分，S线代表纬线，则（）A．洋流①对沿岸气候有降温、减湿作用B．洋流②为西风漂流C．洋流③对沿岸气候有增温、增湿作用D．洋流④为赤道逆流读图3，回答6、7题。

图36．该作物（）A．种植期的早晚取决于气候条件B．灌浆期的早晚取决于成土母质C．收割期的早晚取决于农业政策D．一个生产周期至少为8个月7．该作物处于开花期时，正值（）A．赤道正午太阳高度最大B．地中海沿岸炎热干燥C．中国东北平原昼长夜短D．潘帕斯草原草木茂盛城市活动在空间上高度集中，并具有水平和垂直方向上的分异。

读图4，回答8题。

图48．图中①②③④所示城市空间最合理的作用方式分别为（）A．电影院、厂房、住宅、银行B．零售店、电影院、石房、办公室C．办公室、零售店、住宅、厂房D．批发市场、办公室、住宅、零售店读图5，回答9～11题。

图59．与图示地区山体岩石、地貌类型及其形成的外力作用对应的是（）A．石灰岩、球状风化地貌、风力作用B．花岗岩、流水堆积地貌、流水作用C．大理岩、喀斯特地貌、风力作用D．石灰岩、喀斯特地貌、流水作用10．该地区成为著名旅游地的优势在于（）A．地处热带，风景优美，环境承载量大B．景观具有春翡夏翠秋金冬银的季节特点C．地质地貌景观独特，具有较高的游览价值D．水陆交通通达性好，旅游地吸引半径大11．与图示地区农业地域类型相同的地区是（）A．西欧平原B．湄公河三角洲C．五大湖沿岸D．墨累-达令盆地准确把握时空概念是学习和研究历史的前提。

考试结束前★机密2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试单选试题汇编(15套)1. 2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷I）21. —Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class?— ______, but I promised Nancy to go out with her.A. I’d like toB. I like it.C. I don’tD. I will22. —What fruit is in season now?—Pears and apples, ______.A. I knowB. I thinkC. I seeD. I feel23. The performance ______ nearly three hours, but few people left the theatre early.A. coveredB. reachedC. playedD. lasted24. Let’s learn to use the problem we are facing _____ a stepping-stone to future success.A. toB. forC. asD. by25. The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit ______ the season.A. whateverB. whereverC. wheneverD. however26. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ______.A. to be breathedB. to breatheC. breathingD. being breathed27. — Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?—Yes, since she ______ the Chinese Society.A. has joinedB. joinsC. had joinedD. joined28. You’re driving too fast. Can you drive ______?A. more slowly a bitB. slowly a bit moreC. a bit more slowlyD. slowly more bit29. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front ______ to arrive.A. is expectedB. is expectingC. expectsD. will be expected30. —Which of the two computer games did you prefer?—Actually I didn’t like ______.A. both of themB. either of themC. none of themD. neither of them31. —Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?—I don’t mind where we get ______ there’s sun, sea and beach.A. as ifB. as long asC. now thatD. in order that32. The weather was ______ cold that I didn’t like to leave my room.A. reallyB. suchC. tooD. so33. The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from ______ spoken inEngland.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. the one34. After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane ______ her job as a doctor in thecountryside.A. set outB. took overC. took upD. set up35. —Sorry, I made a mistake again.—______. Practice more and you’ll succeed.A. Never mindB. Certainly notC. Not at allD. Don’t mention itKey ABDCA BDCAB BDCCA2. 2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(II)6. —Do you know Anna’s telephone number?—-- ____. As a matter of fact, I don’t know any Anna, either.A. I think soB. I’m afraid notC. I hope soD. I’d rather not7. A small car is big enough for a family of three ____ you need more space for baggage.A. onceB. becauseC. ifD. unless8. It’s not ___ good idea to drive for four hours without ___ break.A. a; aB. the; aC. the; theD. a; the9. – What are you reading, Tom?-- I’m not rea lly reading, just ___ the pages.A. turning offB. turning aroundC. turning overD. turning up10. --- Could I ask you a rather personal question?--- Sure, ____.A. pardon meB. go aheadC. good ideaD. forget it11. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it ____ all day.A. rainedB. rainsC. has rainedD. is raining12. The director had her assistant ___ some hot dogs for the meeting.A. picked upB. picks upC. pick upD. picking up13. Stand over there ___ you’ll be able to see the oil painting better.A. butB. tillC. andD. or14. If their marketing plans succeed, they ____ their sales by 20 percent.A. will increaseB. have been increasingC. have increasedD. would be increasing15. Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like ____ working here.A. withB. overC. atD. about16. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A. itB. whatC. whichD. that17. Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling.A. willB. canC. mustD. may18. Little Johnny felt the bag, curious to know what it ____.A. collectedB. containedC. loadedD. saved19. The house still needed a lot of work, but ___ the kitchen was finished.A. insteadB. altogetherC. at onceD. at least20. It was in New Zealand ___ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.A. thatB. howC. whichD. whenBDACB ACCAD CDBDA3. 2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）21. This is a junior school.You should go to a senior school _____girls of your age.A. forB. aboutC. fromD. to22. I looked under _____bed and found ______bokkd I lost last week.A. the; aB. the: theC. 不填；theD. the:;不填23. We shouldn’t spent our money testing so many people,most of _____are healthyA. thatB.whichC. whatD. whom24. -----How can I apply for an online course?------Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do four you.A .see B.are seeing C. have seen D. will see25. ---Where’s that report?---I brought it to you ____you were in Mr.Black’s office yesterday.A. ifB. whenC. becauseD. before26. In crowded places like airports and railway stations,you___ take care of your luggage.A. canB. mayC. mustD. will27. He has made a lot of films,but ____ good ones.A. anyB. someC. fewD. many28. ---Excuse me sir,where is Room 301?---Just a minute.I’ll have Bob ____you to your room.A. showB.showsC. to showD. showing30. The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here ___.A. earlyB. earlierC. earliestD. the earliest31. You have failed two tests.You’d better start working harder,____you won’t pass the course.A.andB. soC. butD. or32. I got caught in the rain and my suit____.A. has ruinedB. had ruinedC. has been ruinedD. had been ruined33. Leave your key with a neighbor ___ you lock yourself out one dayA. ever sinceB. even ifC. soon afterD. in case34. When you’ve finished with that book,don’t forget to put it back one the shelf,____?A. do youB. don’t youC. will youD. won’t you35. ----It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.-----Oh,don’t ment iong it.I _____past your house anyway.A. was comingB. will comeC. had comeD. have comeKey ABDDB CCABB DCDCA4 2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）1. We’ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday _____ it rains or it’s very cold.A. sinceB. ifC. unlessD. until2. My brother is really ____. He often works in his office far into the night.A. open-mindedB. hard-workingC. self-confidentD. warm-hearted3. ---- I just can’t stop worrying about the result of the job interview.----_____. There’s nothing you can do now but wait.A. RelaxB. Go aheadC. Go for itD. Good luck4. _____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.A. To throwB. ThrownC. ThrowingD. Being thrown5. To know more about the British Museum, you can use the Internet or go to the library, or _______.A. neitherB. someC. allD. both6. She ______ have left school, for her bike is still here.A. can’tB. wouldn’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t7. The meal over, the managers went back to the meeting room to ______ their discussion.A. put awayB. take downC. look overD. carry on8. It was along the Mississippi River _______ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.A. howB. whichC. thatD. where9. ----How much do I owe you for lunch?----______. It’s nothing.A. You’re welcomeB. Forget itC. With pleasureD. That’s right10. Many Chinese universities provided scholarships for students ______ financial aid.A. in favour ofB. in honour ofC. in face ofD. in need of11. Most air pollution is caused by the burning of ____ like coal, gas and oil.A. fuelsB. articlesC. goodsD. products12. The last time we had great fun was _____ we were visiting the Water Park.A. whereB. howC. whenD. why13. Her shoes ______ her dress; they look very well together.A. suitB. fitC. compareD. match14. He _____ football regularly for many years when he was young.A. was playingB. playedC. has playedD. had played15. At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was _______.A. out f sightB. out f reachC. out of orderD. out f placeKey CBACD ADCBD ACDBA5. 2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（重庆卷）21. They will fly to Washington, they plan to stay for two or three days.A. whereB. thereC. whichD. when22. It was not until midnight they reached the camp site.A. thatB. whenC. whileD. as23. Judy is going to marry the sailor she in Rome last year.A. meetsB. metC. has metD. would meet24. ----Could we see each other at 3 o’clock this afternoon?----Sorry, let’s make it time.A. other’sB. the otherC. anotherD. other25. People in Chongqing are proud of they have achieved in the past ten years.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. how26. Only when I left my parents for Italy how much I loved them.A. I realizedB. I had realizedC. had I realizedD. did I realize27. In many places in China, bicycle is still poplar means of transportation.A. a; theB. /; aC. the; aD. the; the28. ---May I ask a question after class, Sir?--- , but not during my lunch break.A. I’m sorryB. AnytimeC. CertainlyD. Go ahead29. to reach them on the phone, we sent an email insteadA. FailB. FailedC. To failD. Having failed30. ---I can’t find my purse anywhere.---You have lost it while shopping.A. mayB. canC. shouldD. would31. He as a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country in the Olympics.A. regardedB. was regardedC. has regardedD. had been regarded32. The artist was born poor, poor he remained all his life.A. andB. orC. butD. so33. All people, they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to helpthose in need since the disaster.A. even ifB. whetherC. no matterD. however34. ---I am afraid I can’t return the book to you before Friday.--- .A. Don’t be afraidB. Be carefulC. Not at allD. Take your time35. Teenagers their health because they play computer games too much.A. have damagedB. are damagingC. damagedD. will damageKey AABCC DCCDA BABDB6. 2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖北卷）21. The young man made a ______ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living aftergraduation.A. predictionB. promiseC. planD. contribution22. The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly______A. atmosphereB. stateC. situationD. phenomenon23. Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still ______ the traditional customs.A. performB. possessC. observeD. support24. As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to ______the problem.A. handleB. raiseC. faceD. present25. The teacher stressed again that the students should not ______ any important details whileretelling the story.A. bring outB. let outC. leave outD. make out26. In modern times, people have to learn to ______ all kinds of pressure although they are leadinga comfortable life.A. keep withB. stay withC. meet withD. live with27. The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to ______ itsreality.A. make upB. figure outC. look throughD. put off28. In those days, our ______ concern was to provide people who were stopped by the snow stormwith food and health care.A. normalB. constantC. permanentD. primary29. As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only ______.A. occasionallyB. anxiouslyC. practicallyD. urgently30. When she first arrived in China, she wondered what the future might have ______ for her,but now all her worries are gone.A. in needB. in timeC. in preparationD. in storeKey:7. 2008年普通高校招生统一考试湖南卷21. Our neighbors gave _____ a baby bird yesterday that hurt ______ when it fell from its nest.A. us,itB. us,itselfC. ourselves, itselfD. ourselves, it22. Have you heard ______ news？ The price of _______ petrol is going up again!A. the, theB. 不填，theC. the, 不填D. 不填，不填23. I thought we’d be late for the concert, ______ we ended up getting there ahead of time.A. butB. orC. soD. for24. _______ the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot aboutfirefighting.A.Having searchedB. To searchC. SearchingD.Search25. Last night Mr. Crook didn’t come back at the usual time. ______, he met some friends andstayed out until midnight.A. MeanwhileB. HoweverC. InsteadD. Yet26. The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blown downB. blown downC. blowing downD. to blow down27. — When did you last hear ______ Jay?— He phoned me this morning, and we agreed ______ a time and place to meet.A.of, toB. about, withC. from, withD. from, on28. You don’t have to know the name of the author to find a book. You _____ find the book b ythe title.A.mustB. needC. canD. would29. When asked _____ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.A. whatB. whyC. whomD. which30. _____ the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.A. CompletingB. CompleteC. CompletedD. To complete31. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are beyond ourcontrol.A.most of themB. most of whichC. most of whatD. most of that32. I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn’t get through. Her brother _____on the phone all the time!A.was talkingB. has been talkingC. has talkedD. talked33. _____ the Internet is of great help. I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much timeon it.A. IfB. WhileC. BecauseD. As34. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _____ alone, but she didn’t likeit and moved back home.A.livingB. to liveC. to be livingD. having lived35. — Do you have any problems if you ______ this job?—Well, I’m thinking about the salary….A. offerB. will offerC. are offeredD. will be offeredKey BCADC BDCAD BABAC8. 2008年普通高校招生统一考试安徽卷(英语)21. The two girls are getting on very well and share _______ with each other.A. littleB. muchC. some D none22. -----Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?-----Yes, I did. You know, my brother ________ in the match.A. is playingB. was playingC. has playedD. had played23. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank _______ a chair.A. onB. offC. intoD. to24. To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our schoolstarted a discussion “Save Our ________”A. SkyB. LifeC. ArtsD. Voices25. -----I have some big news for you. You’ve been accepted as a member of our club.-----_______ That’s great!A. Have I?B. Pardon?C. Congratulations!D. Good idea!26. All the neighbors admire this family. _______the parents are treating their child like afriend.A. whyB. whereC. whichD. that27. ----- Hi, Mark. How was the musical evening?----- Excellent! Ales and Andy performed _________ and they won the first prize.A. skillfullyB. commonlyC. willinglyD. nervously28. -----Are you happy with your new computer?-----No, it is _______ me a lot of trouble.A. showingB. leavingC. givingD. sparing29. Students are always interested in finding out _______ they can go with a new teacher.A. how farB. how soonC. how oftenD. how long30._______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.A. To walk.B. WalkingC. WalkedD. Having walked31. -----Do you have a minute? I’ve got something to tell you.-----Ok, ______ you make it short.A. now thatB. if onlyC. so long asD. every time32. -----Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?----- Yes, _______, I’m going to visit some homes for the old in the city.A. If everB. If busyC. If anythingD. If possible33. I like these English songs and they ________many times on the radio.A. taughtB. have taughtC. are taughtD. have been taught34. -----Good evening. Huangshan Hotel.-----Good evening. __________?A. Do you still have a room for tonightB. What would you like, pleaseC. Is there anything I can do for youD. Who is that speaking, please35. Don’t be so discouraged. If you ________such feelings, you will do better next time.A. carry onB. get backC. break downD. put awayKey BBCDA BACAB CDDAD9. 2008年普通高等学校招生统一考试（江西卷）21. --I think you’d better type this letter again before Mr. Smith see s it.-- Oh, dear! _________A. Who cares?B. No problem.C. I don’t mind at all.D. Is it as bad as that?22. My English teacher’s humor was _____ make every student burst into laughter.A. so as toB. such as toC. such thatD. so that23. Isn’t it amazing how the human body heals ____ after an injury?A. himselfB. himC. itselfD. it24. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention _____ when we talked on the phone.A. to promoteB. having been promotedC. having promotedD. to be promoted25. I _____ it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should begiven a fair price for their products.A. makeB. lookC. takeD. think26. What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he ____ better.A. need have doneB. must have doneC. can have doneD. might have done27. ---Shall we go out for a walk?--- Sorry. This is not the right ____ to invite me. I am too tired to walk.A. momentB. situationC. placeD. chance28. We finished the run in less than half the time _____.A. allowingB. to allowC. allowedD. allows29. If a person has not had enough sleep, his actions will give him ____ during the day.A. awayB. upC. inD. back30. --- I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.--- It is not your fault. With ____ rush-hour traffic and _____ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.A. a; aB. the; theC. /; /D. /; a31. It was announced that only when the fire was under control ____ to return to their homes.A. the residents would be permittedB. had the residents been permittedC. would be residents be permittedD. the residents had been permitted32. --Do you think we should accept that offer?-- Yes, we should, for we _____such bad luck up till now, and time ____ out.A. have had; is runningB. had; is runningC. have; has been runD. have had; has been run33. Jack is late again. It is _____ of him to keep others waiting.A. normalB. ordinaryC. commonD. typical34. Animals suffered at the hands of Man _____ they were destroyed by people to make way foragricultural had to provide food for more people.A. in whichB. for whichC. so thatD. in that35. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ____ consumer complaints haveresulted in changes in the law.A. whereB. whenC. whoD. whichKey: DBCBC DACAB CADDA10. 2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（山东卷）21. Students should be encouraged to use ___ Internet as ____ resource.A. 不填；aB. 不填；theC. the; theD. the; a22. He found it increasingly difficult to read, ____ his eyesight was beginning to fail.A. thoughB. forC. butD. so23. _____ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.A. ItB. ThisC. WhatD. As24. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ____ it without you.A. can manageB. could have managedC. could manageD. can have managed25. By the time he realizes he ____ into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything aboutit.A. walksB. walkedC. has walkedD. had walked26. Occasions are quite rare ____ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.A. whoB. whichC. whyD. when27. Make sure you’ve got the passports and tickets and ____ before you leave.A. somethingB. anythingC. everythingD. nothing28. The fact that she never apologized ____ a lot about what kind of person she is.A. saysB. talksC. appearsD. declares29. Einstein liked Bose’s paper so much that he ____ his own work and translated it into German.A. gave offB. turned downC. took overD. set aside30. --Say, Jane, will you come with me to the game Friday?--_____, Bob, but I promised Mary I’d go with her.A. My pleasureB. ThanksC. Take it easyD. Forget it.31. You’d better not leave the medicine _____ kids can get at it.A. even ifB. whichC. whereD. so that32. I began to feel ___ in the new school when I saw some familiar facesA. at homeB. at heartC. at willD. at sight33. Would it be ___ for you to pick me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport?A. freeB. vacantC. handyD. convenient34. I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real ____.A. exchangeB. bargainC. tradeD. business35. Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had made ____ in the restaurant.A. workingB. workC. to workD. workedKey: 21-25 DBCBC 26-30 DCADB 31-35. CADBA11. 2008年普通高等学校招生统一考试陕西卷6. The moment I got home, I found I my jacket on the playground.A. had leftB. leftC. have leftD. was leaving7. Not until the motorbike looked almost new repairing and cleaning it.A. he stoppedB. did he stopC. stopped heD. he did stop8. Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any i dea the party is to be held?A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where9. ----What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?----Well, it be big--that’s not important.A. mustn’tB. needn’tC. ca n’tD. won’t10. I ate sandwich while I was waiting for 20:08 train.A. the, aB. the, theC. a, theD. a, a11. The message is very important, so it is supposed as soon as possible.A. to be sentB. to sendC. being sentD. sending12. He doesn’t have furniture in his room --just an old desk.A. anyB. manyC. someD. much13. The man pulled out a gold watch, were made of small diamonds.A. the hands of whomB. whom the hands ofC. which the hands ofD. the hands of which14. around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008Olympic Games.A. Having shownB. To be shownC. Having been shownD. To show15. --Did you go to the show last night?--Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area invitedA. wereB. have beenC. has beenD. was16. Ten years ago the population of our village was that of theirs.A. as twice large asB. twice as large asC. twice as much asD. as twice much as17. Though we don’t know what was discussed, yet we can feel the topic .A. had changedB. will changeC. was changedD. has been changed18. ----The floor is dirty. Can anyone clean it?---- I do it all the time.A. Don’t mention it.B. Why you?C. Not sureD. Not me again.19. Elizabeth has already achieved success her wildest dreams.A. atB. beyondC. withinD. upon20. It’s going to rain. Xiao Feng, Will you please help me the clothes on the line?A. get offB. get backC. get inD. get onKey: CDBCA BADBA CBADD12. 2008年普通高等学校招生统一考试四川卷1. I haven’t seen Ann for ____ long that I’ve forgotten what she looks like.A. suchB. veryC. soD. too2. You have to ________ a choice. Are you going to leave the job or stay?A. decideB. getC. doD. make3. Although badly hurt in the accident, the driver was _____ able to make a phone call.A. stillB. evenC. alsoD. ever4. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _______ New York isan example.A. for whichB. in whichC. of whichD. from which5. --- Let’s go for a walk in the garden.--- _______, but I need to do the washing-up.A. No, thank youB. That’s rightC. Good ideaD. Not at all6. There were some chairs left over _____ everyone had sat down.A. whenB. untilC. thatD. where7. The telephone _______, but by the time I got indoors, it stopped.A. had rungB. was ringingC. ringsD. has rung8. In the United States, there is always ____ flow of people to areas of ______ country wheremore jobs can be found.A. a; theB. the ; aC. the; theD. a; a9. I used to quarrel a lot with my parents, but now we ______ fine.A. look outB. stay upC. carry onD. get along10. Although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.A. mustB. mayC. shallD. should11. The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _____ four percent.A. any otherB. the otherC. anotherD. other12. In some places women are expected to earn money ____ men work at home and raise theirchildren.A. butB. whileC. becauseD. though13. --- Can you show me Mr. Jaffer’s office, please?--- _____. But I don’t know if he is in at the moment.A. ThanksB. Go onC. SureD. You are welcome14. We had an anxious couple of weeks _____ for the results of the experiment.A. waitB. to be waitingC. waitedD. waiting15. A cough is usually nothing to worry about unless it lasts for ten days ______.A. or moreB. insteadC. at mostD. onlyKey: CDACC ABADB CBCDA13. 2008年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试福建卷21.—How do you find your new classmates?--Most of them are kind,but_______is so good to me as Bruce.A.noneB.no oneC.every oneD.some one22.________in the qucue for half an hour,the old man auddenly realized he had left the chequein the car.A.WaitingB.To waitC.Having waitedD.To have waited23.A great man shows his greatness ________ the way he treats little men.A.underB.withC.onD.by24.It is usually warm in my hometowm in March,but it________be rather cold sumetimes.A.mustB.canC.shouldD.would25.So far this year we__________a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.A.sawB.seeC.had seenD.have seen26. In spite of repeated wrongs done to him, he looks to people greeting him.A. friendlyB. livelyC. worriedD.cold27. is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.A. ItB. WhatC. AsD. Which28. Nancy enjoyed herself so much she visited her friends in Sydney last year.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where29. a moment and I will go to your reacue.A. Go onB. Hold onC. Move onD. Carry on30. ---Who should be responsible for the accident?---The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order .A. as toldB. as are toldC. as tellingD. as they told31. By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangms,appeared a rare rainbow soon.A. of whichB. on whichC. from whichD. above which32. What’s the of having a public open space where you can’t eat, drink or even simplyhang out for a while?A. senseB. matterC. caseD. opinion33. ---Can those at the back of the classroom hear me?---- No problem.A. seatB. sitC.seatedD. sat34. You have no idea how she finished the relay race her foot wounded so much.A. forB.whenC. withD. while35. --Would you like to join us in the game?-- , for I have something important to attend to.A. I willB. I’d love toC. I won’tD. I’m afraid notKey: ACDBD ABCBA DACCD。

2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试文综(北京卷)_年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)文科综合能力测试题第Ⅰ卷 (选择题共140分)本卷共35小题,每小题4分,共140分.在每小题列出的四个选项中,选出最符合题目要求的一项.图1是西经170°附近三个观测站水温随深度变化曲线图.读图1.完成第1题.１．三个观测站中Ａ．①位于大西洋Ｂ．②的纬度位置最低Ｃ．③的海底地形是大陆架Ｄ．0-1km之间,①的水温变化比②大图1图2是北半球易形成台风海区分布示意图.读图2,完成2-4题.图22．日界线附近,易形成台风海区的北界可达北纬A．35° B．25°C．20°D．15°3．影响美国的飓风(台风)多形成于A．① B.② C.③ D.④4．图示四个区域中A．①主要受风海流影响B．②主要受寒流影响C．③是世界著名大渔场D.④主要受密度流影响土壤空气和土壤水分贮存于土壤孔隙中,两者体积组成比例常因外界因素而此消彼长.图3中虚线①表示土壤中空气和水分所占比例约为4%和46%.读图3,完成5-7题.5．适宜多数植物生长的理想的土壤空气和水分比例变幅在A．①—②之间B．①—④之间C．②—③之间 D．③—④之间6．利用遥感技术监测土壤水分含量变化.主要依据土壤A．温度 B．孔隙 C．肥力 D．空气7．不够合理的治理土壤退化的措施是;A．东北平原开荒.焚烧秸秆,加速有机质分解B．黄土高原保塬.护坡.固沟.防治水土流失C．黄淮海平原实施排灌,调控土壤盐分D．江南丘陵施用石灰,中和土壤酸度8．决定中国自然地理环境差异的基本因素是A．植被和气侯 B．气候和地貌C．地貌和水文D．土壤和植物读图4,完成9-11题.9．按照《中长期铁路网规划》,中国将建设多条铁路快速客运通道A．哈尔滨—沈阳段B．太原—石家庄段C．郑州—徐州段D．广州—深圳段10．近20年来,人口流出量最大省的省会是A．太原B．兰州C．成都D．广州11．图中城市A．青岛比杭州白昼长 B．北京比深圳日出早C．南京比长沙日落晚 D．兰州比上海正午太阳高度小图4读图是学习历史的重要方法.完成12-13题图5 春秋形势图图6 战国形势图12．对比图5.从图6可以观察到的政治局势变化是A．尊王攘夷B．楚王问鼎C．三家分晋 D．秦修万里长城13．图7所示艺术盛行的朝代是A．秦B．隋C．唐 D．元善于把握机会,通过谈判谋求和平局面,历史为此提供了例证.完成14-15题. 14．宋辽通过澶渊之盟维持了较长时间的和平.这次议和的背景是A．辽国财政无力支持战争 B．辽军的进攻受到遏制C．北宋在财政上非常充足 D．北宋军事占绝对优势15．1918年苏俄与德国签订《布列期特和约》,该和约有利于苏俄A．清除国内反动势力B．恢复国民经济C．向社会主义过渡D．巩固新生政权制度创新对加强中国共产党的领导.推动社会发展具有重要作用.完成16-18题. 16．党对军队绝对领导的制度确立于A．中共〝二大〞B．南昌起义 C．三湾改编D．遵义会议17．第一届全国人大召开以前,人民政协具有代行人大职权的功能,人民政协诞生的背景是A．反对内战的舆论不断高涨B．人民解放战争在全国范围内基本胜利C．《共同纲领》被各民主党派广泛接受 D．中华人民共和国成立18．对〝一国两制〞构想的正确理解是A．接纳了英国〝主权与治权分开〞的提议B．给予特别行政区包括外交和国防在内的自治权C．在主权问题上采取了更加灵活的策略D．大陆实行社会主义,港澳台实行资本主义民族主义和民族问题影响了不同地区.国家的历史进程.完成19—22题.19．图8是1792年法国马赛义勇军开始传唱的歌曲,后被定为国歌.这首曲子在当年的作用是A．宣传《人权宣言》,欢迎立宪派B．鼓舞法国人民,反击外来干涉C．鼓吹恐怖统治,支持雅各宾派D．支持拿破仑,反击反法联盟20．下列与民族问题相关的表述正确的是A．拉美独立运动彻底铲除了封建主义B．一战中塞尔维亚的参战具有民族解放性质C．提拉克的激进主张成为印度民族解放运动的方向D．民族成分单一是普鲁士完成德意志统一的最大优势21．下列孙中山的民族主义主张在今天仍具现实意义的是①〝联合世界上以平等待我之民族,共同奋斗②〝(中国人民)一律平等,无种族阶级宗教之区别③〝驱除鞑虏之后,光复我民族的国家〞④〝异种残之,外邦逼之,民族主义……殆不可以须臾缓〞A．①②B．①③C．②④D．③④近代以来,亚洲各国的发展呈现出不同特点.完成22—23题.22．世纪后期,〝脱亚入欧(仿效欧美)〞逐渐成为日本社会的主流认识.受其影响,明治政府采取的措施有①开展工业革命②废除封制度③实施〝大陆政策〞④推行〝文明开化〞A．①②③B．②③④ C．①②④D．①③④23．第二次世界大战后,西亚国家的发展有其区域特色.下列叙述不符合西亚历史发展状况的是:A．改善农业环境,实现了粮食自给 B．一些国家迈入世界富国行列C．产油国的经济发展方式日趋接近 D．发起建立石油输出国组织同西方垄断资本斗争转变经济增长方式,提高经济增长质量,保持经济平稳较快发展,是我国〝十一五〞期间面临的重要任务.完成24—26题.Y=F(Ｋ．L．A．R……)公式表明,国内生产总值=(Y)的大小取决于资本(K).劳动力(L).技术(A).土地和其他自然资源(R)等生产要素投入的水平.我国经济增长方式从粗放型向集约型转变,最需要加大投入比重的要素是A．K B．L C．A D．R25．在我国经济快速增长的同时,产能过剩在钢铁.水泥等行业显现.推动这些行业的调整和优化升级,控制新增产能,支持优势企业,淘汰落后生产能力.是当前转变经济增长方式.提高经济增长质量的重要任务.产能过剩行业的调整可以提高经济增长质量,这说明①要善于透过现象把握事物的本质②具体问题具体分析是解决问题的关键③要注意重量的变化.学会优化结构④搞好局部可以使整体功能得到最大发挥A．①④ B．②③C．①②③ D．②③④随着改革的不断深化,我国政府管理方式正在发生积极变化.完成27—28题.27．去年某夜,北京京广中心附近道路塌陷,许多人次日一早收到市政府发来的短信,提醒市民绕道而行;春节前,很多市民收到了市政府的拜年短信,叮嘱燃放烟花爆竹要遵守规定,注意安全;清明节前,市政府又通过媒体提醒扫墓市民注意行车路线.防火和安全.如果要将上述事件写成新闻报道,你认为最合适的标题是A．转变职能,政府性质逐渐改变B．以人为本,政府服务更加完善C．重视安全,政府职能日益多样D．执政为民,政府权力不断扩大28．今年〝两会〞期间,九三学社就完善价格听证制度提出建议:与百姓生活相关的价格调整都应举行听证会;除企业外,人大代表也可以提出建议案,要求启动价格听证.人大代表有权提出听证建议案的依据是;A．人大代表是国家权力机关组成的人员,可以决定政府定价.B．人大代表由选民直接选举产生,能够直接反映群众意见C．人大代表的言论不受法律追究,可以对政府实施有效监督D．人大代表代表人民的利益和意志,享有宪法赋予的特有权利近年来,汽车已成为为家庭消费的热点,完成29—30题.29．假如你家中有10万元钱,家里人正在商量到底是买车还是买股票,在下列哪种情况下,你会积极建议买车不是买股票A．政府减收汽车养路费,股票发行企业效率趋于提高B．政府增收汽车养路费,股票发行企业的股票下降C．汽油价格下降,市场预期银行利率上升D．汽油价格攀升,市场预期银行利率下降30．在我国汽车市场上,既有自主品牌的汽车,也有进口汽车和中外合资企业生产的汽车,以下选项中,可能使我国消费者享受到更低汽车价格的因素有①国内出现通货膨胀②人民币升值③汽车市场竞争激烈④进口关税降低A．①② B．③④C．②④D．②③④当今世界,一国的安全问题不完全局限于一国之内,完成31-32题.31．1997年,亚洲金融危机波及世界;_年,全世界联手抗击〝非典〞;_年,联合国发出全球共同防范禽流感的呼吁,欧盟.亚太经合组织.世界卫生组织和世界银行等国际组织为此采取了空前一致的行动,上述事实表明①国家安全具有了新的内涵②全球化改变了国际行为准则③国际安全成为各国外交的最高准则④集体安全国家需要构建多重国际协调机制A．①③ B．①④ C．②③D．②④32．随着各国联系日益紧密,国际社会正成为一个不可分割的整体,一国安全问题解决得好可能惠及别国,反之,则可能殃及他国,国家安全在一定程度上显现出〝一荣俱荣,一损俱损〞的特点.以下选项中与上述特点无关的哲道理是:A．内因是事物变化发展的根据B．事物之间相互影响,相互制约C．外因是事物变化发展的条件D．事物处于因果联系的链条之中33．北京是一个多民族人口构成的大都市,全市有5个民族乡,100个民族村,39所民族小学,10所民族中学,在16所大学中开办了民族班.初步形成了较为完整的民族教育体系.另外,全市建立了民族乡村医疗卫生网络,许多民族乡村,街道还兴办了敬老院和文化馆,这些事实表明①民族乡村自治是我国民族区域自治的重要制度②民族平等权利得到体现③相同的经济权利得到体现④不同的民族风俗和习惯受到尊重A．②④ B．③④C．①②③ D．①②④34．〝不知荣辱乃不能成人〞,这是千百年来传颂的至理名言.______总书记提出的社会主义荣辱观,吸取我国传统荣辱观之精华,联系当前社会问题,面向中华民族未来,具有强烈的民族性和时代性,有利于构建和谐社会,上述材料说明①社会意识随着社会存在的变化而变化②价值观对人的行业有导向作用③事物处于前后相继的相互联系之中④认识的根本任务在于指导实践A．②③B．①②③C．①③④D．①②④35．图9画的是位少女,图10是位老妪,有人做过实验,让两组人分别看图9和图10.再共同看图11,看过图9的人认定图11是少女,看过图10的人认定是老妪.事实上,图11是图9和图10的结合,从中既可看出少女,也可看出老妪.图形欣赏产生的不同效果表明A．艺术欣赏的本质是感觉的集合B．艺术欣赏的内容因人而异C．艺术欣赏的效果受思维方式制约D．艺术欣赏的片面性总是不可避免的第Ⅱ卷本卷共5小题,共160分.36.读图12,回答问题(1) 指出图示区域柑橘冻害分布特点,分析甲地无冻害的原因(6分)(2) 简述三峡地区社会经济因素发展变化对柑橘生产的影响.(8分)(3) 按加工层次,柑橘加工业划分为以罐头生产.原汁榨取为主的初级加工业,以饮料生产.香精与色素提取.果酸加工为主的中高级加工业.分析甲地柑橘加工业的区位优势,说明不同加工层次的布局指向.(10分)(4) 说出图中轻冻害区存在的主要环境问题.(6分)(5) 与图中严重冻害区同纬度的大陆西岸也种植柑橘.说明其气候特点和形成因.(6分)37．(36分)青少年应当成为文明的继承者和创造者,最近拟举办〝18世纪以来文明的对话〞主题展览,邀请中学生参与展览的筹备与宣传回答:(1)展览一:18世纪中西文明的对照下表是展览中对体现当时中西文明重要成果的两部著作的介绍,请参考已填充的文字,完成空白部分.(8分)书名项目清朝《四库全书》法国《百科全书》时代特征清朝统一多民族封建国家空前巩固;社会稳定,经济繁荣:推行文化专制.内容特点按经.史.子.集分四部.总结了古典文化.反映了当时的一切科学成就,宣扬科学和理性.评价18世纪欧洲思想文化发展的里程碑.(2)展览二:西方文明冲击下的近代中国以下是展览文字节选:1840年后中华文明面临新旧嬗变.中国人为教亡图存,吸收西方成果,先后提出各种主张,如: ①〝师夷长技以制夷〞; ②〝中学为体,西学为用〞; ③〝托尧舜以行民主之太平〞(《孔子改制考》);④ 〝只有这两位先生(德生生,赛先生)可以救治中国政治上.道德上.学术上.思想上一切的黑暗〞.作为解说员.请你向参观者解释其中四个主张的实质和作用.(如选择一个以上主张做答,只判前两个.(12分)(3)展览三:20世纪的世界战争与人类文明以下是展览主题句:中国人民抗日战争和世界反法西斯战争,是世界爱好和平与正义的国家和人民同人类文明的凶残敌人进行一场殊死搏斗——______1937年《国共合作宣言》公布:1942年《联合国家宣言》签署.运用所学知识,向参观者介绍这两个文献产生的背景,并说明其历史经验.(12分)(4)展览四:当代文明发展的机遇和挑战以下是展览的结束语:联合国千年报告指出,建设一个更安全.更公平的21世纪,需要每个国家和每个人的努力.联合国秘书长在_年新年致辞中呼吁,国际社会不仅要关注局部战争冲突问题,也要致力于解决全人类面临的贫穷.病症.环境恶化等问题.请根据结束语和所学历史知识,就解决当代文明发展所面临的问题提一条建议.(4分)38．(33分)《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划的建议》明确指出:构建和谐社会,要更加注重社会公平.使全体人民共享改革发展成果.回答:(1)公平可以理解为〝机会公平〞和〝结果公平〞等不同方面.在经济学上,〝机会公平〞强调市场主体间平等的竞争地位,有利于提高经济效率;〝结果公平〞强调人们收入分配的平等,有利于防止贫富分化,维护社会稳定.请判断下面表格中的措施是侧重于促进〝机会公平〞还是〝结果公平〞,在相应的栏目中划勾(每项措施只能划一个〝√〞),并运用经济常识说明理由.(12分)措施机会公平结果公平理由例:打击侵权盗版等不法经营行为√保护知识产权,维护市场经济的法制性,营造公平竞争的市场环境.提高城市居民最低生活保障标准允许非公有制企业进入航空.银行等垄断性行业给予贫困地区以优惠的产业政策,吸引外部投资建立就业信息平台,促进用人单位和劳动者双向择优选择材料一:改革开放前,平均主义分配体制严重制约了效率的提高,常的十四届三中全会针对这一状况提出〝效率优先,兼顾公平〞,推动了我国经济的快速发展.近年来,针对贫富差距拉大的趋势,党的十六届五中全会又适时提出要〝更加注重社会公平〝.材料二:效率可以给社会带来更多的财富,从而为促进公平制造条件;公平有利于维护社会稳定,从而为提高效率奠定基础.全面建设小康社会应该大力发展生产力,在不放松效率的前提下,逐步缩小差距,实现经济社会又快又好的发展.(2)结合材料一和材料二,运用矛盾分析的方法说明如何正确认识和处理效率与公平的关系.(11分)(3)有人说:〝解决公平问题是政府的责任〞.请结合政治常识,阐述这一说法的理论依据.(10分)39．(27分)奥运会是跨越国界的全球盛事,是主办国向整个世界表现自身风貌的机会,回答:(1)读图13,说明历届现代夏季奥运会举办城市的地区分布特点.并简述奥运文化空间扩散的特点及意义.(10分)(2)下面是〝人文奥运,古都北京〞宣传资料中的两张图,请指出哪张是明清北京示意图?概括明朝营建北京城的政治原因并结合布局分析其政治特点.(8分)(3)〝世界给我16天,我给世界5000年〞——_年奥运会的熊熊圣火要在北京燃烧16天,北京将向世界展现中华民族5000年的灿烂文化,为历史悠久的奥林匹克精神增添丰富多彩的中华文化内涵.运用辩证唯物论,说明如何通过北京奥运会充分展现中华文化.(9分)40．(28分)农村的发展应该在党和政府政策的引导下,统筹规划,因地制宜,注重实效.回答:(1)图16.17是20世纪80年代初安徽凤阳采风的资料:结合资料及历史知识,以凤阳的变化为例说明家庭联产承包责任制的重大作用.(8分)(2)以下是记者对两个村书记的采访记录甲村问:咱们村去年的人均纯收入是多少?答:18000元左右,比前年增加了10%问:村民收入来源是什么?答:那可多了,原来的荒地已经被改造成草莓生产基地和绿色蔬菜园区,都是现代化的大棚生产.我们的村办企业可以进行深加工,生产果汁和蔬菜干,产品还被村销售公司卖到了国外.村民改造了住房,搞民俗旅游,接待游客,农家菜,大炕头可受城里人欢迎了,总体上讲,村里的收入30%来自种植业,70%来自加工,接送和旅游餐饮业.乙村问:咱们村去年的人均纯收入是多少?答:大概1000元.问:村民收入来源是什么?答:卖老三样呗,核桃,梅子和大枣.去年下了场雹子,有些家庭颗粒无收,外地收货的商人还总是压价.问:有村办企业吗?答:还没有.对比甲村和乙村,结合经济常识,说明在社会主义新农村建设中如何通过〝强化产业支撑〞增加农民收入.(10分)(3)说明图18所示地区村落分布特点,并指出地形对村落规模的影响.(5分)(4)简述图18所示地区农业土地利用状况.(5分)图18北京卷文科综合参考答案Ⅰ卷(共35小题,每小题4份,共140分)1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．B 10．C11．D 12．C 13．D 14．B 15．D 16．C 17．B 18．D 19．B 20．B21．A 22．C 23．A 24．C 25．D 26．C 27．B 28．D 29．C 30．D31．B 32．A 33．A 34．B 35．CⅡ卷(共5小题,共160分)36．答案要点:(1)冻害程度随纬度升高(或大致由西南向东北)加重,受周围山地阻挡,冷空气不易入侵(2)政策支持力度加大,交通运输条件改善,柑橘保鲜,冷藏等技术发展,市场地域扩展.(3)原料丰富,市场大,劳动力成本低等,初级加工业是原料指向型工业,中高级加工业是市场指向型工业(4)酸雨,土壤侵蚀,土壤和水体污染等(5)夏季受副热带高压控制炎热干燥,冬季受西风影响温和多雨37．答案要点:(1)时代特征:资本主义工商业的发展,欧洲近代科学的兴起和发展,反对封建专制,启动运动达到高潮.评价:对保证文化遗产贡献很大,禁毁书籍数量可观.(2)主张实质作用①学习西方先进科技,御敌强国开阔国人视野,启迪人们重新认识世界,探索救国道路②在保存封建制度的基础上,利用西方科技自强求富有利于洋务运动的开展,后来不利于中国近代化的推进③改革封建专制制度,变法图存突破洋务派主张,掀起维新运动;改良道路行不通④提倡民主科学,反对专制迷信动摇了封建思想的统治地位,促进思想解放,推动科学发展(3)背景:日本法西斯全面侵华.中国共产党呼吁国共合作抗日;国民政府发表自卫宣言表示抗战.根据两党协议改编红军.法西斯的侵略在初期得逞,加剧了同世界大国的矛盾.苏德战争,太平洋战争爆发,英,法,美,苏,中等国走向联合.经验:意识形态不同的政治力量及国家可以团结合作,保卫和发展人类文明(4)(言之有理,皆可得分)38．答案要点:(1)措施机会公平结果公平理由提高城市居民最低生活保障标准√增加社会保障支出,提高低收入者的生活水平,缩小贫富差距允许非公有制企业进入航空,银行等垄断性行业√促进相关领域的竞争,给予不同企业平等的竞争地位,体现了市场经济平等性给予贫困地区以优惠的产业政策,吸引外部投资√利用行政和经济手段调控经济发展,缩小地区差距建立就业信息平台,促进用人单位和劳动者双向择优选择√促进劳动力资源的优化配置,有助于劳动者平等就业和选择职业,企业择优录用(2)①效率与公平是既对立又统一的关系.效率与公平是对立的.过分重视一方,另一方就会受到影响.效率与公平又是统一的,二者相互依存.一方的合理解决可以为另一方的发展创造条件.不能离开效率谈公平,也不能离开公平谈效率.②矛盾在不同发展阶段有不同特点.要具体问题具体分析.要针对效率与公平在不同时期出现的问题采取不同的解决方法.③要全面地看问题.既要重视效率,也要注重公平,做到两点论与重点论的统一.(3)①我国是人民民主专政的社会主义国家,政府是人民意旨的执行者和利益的捍卫者,要对人民负责.解决公平问题,实现共同富裕,是政府应尽之责.②政府是国家权力机关的执行机关,肩负经济调节.市场监管.社会管理和公共服务的职能.③政府可以利用经济,行政和法律手段,合理调节社会分配,协调各方关系,维护社会公平.39．答案要点:(1)主要集中分布在北半球中纬度地区(或欧洲和北美洲).奥运文化空间扩散范围扩大,并与其他文化区发生重叠,促进文化的交流发展与繁荣.(2)图15原因:明成祖即位,决定迁都,改北平为北京.特点:突出皇权.(3)①物质决定意识,一切从实际出发.要立足国情,了解奥运.了解文化.了解历史.②意识具有能动作用.意识能够正确反映客观事物,意识能够反作用于客观事物.要发挥主观能动性,一方面,在展现内容上,对传统文化要进行选择,挖掘传统文化的精髓;另一方面,在展现方式上,大胆创意,精心策划,形成科学合理的展示方案,并以此为指导,周密组织,科学实施.(联系实际,言之有理,酌情给分)40.答案要点:(1)凤阳农民通过实行包产到组.包产到户获得了生产和分配的自主权,打破了〝一大二公〞的人民公社旧体制.改革调动了农民的生产积极性,解放了农村生产力.粮食产量连年增长,生活得到改善.(2)①在农业生产上,甲村依靠的是现代化的农业技术,而乙村只有传统的老三样,靠天吃饭.这说明提高农民收入,不能只靠传统农业,要发展高产.优质.高效的现代农业.②甲村不仅生产蔬菜.水果,还从事产品深加工和销售,而乙村只有单一的种植业.这说明提高农民收入,要积极发展农业产业化经营,实行生产.加工.销售有机结合和相互促进的经营方式.③甲村因地制宜地发展加工.流通和旅游业,而乙村产业形式单一.这说明新农村的建设要利用自身条件大力发展二.三产业,带动农民收入的提高.(3)沿道路呈带状分布.山地村落规模小,平原村落规模大.(4)有荒山.林地.果园(园地).农田(耕地).湖泊(鱼塘)等.。

2010年全国普通高等学校运动训练、民族传统体育专业单独统一招生考试政治一、下列各题,各有一个最符合题意的答案，请把所选答案的字母填在题后的括号内。

（每小题2分,共50分）1、国内某著名旅游地在虎年春节期间,酒店住宿价格比平常时段暴涨3到5倍。

按照市场经济原理，此次价格上涨的原因在于A、住宿需求大幅度上升B、住宿供给大幅度上升C、人们收入水平上升D、该地风景在春节期间特别美【】2、经济学关注通货膨胀，是因为通货膨胀对生产、投资、消费等经济活动影响比较大，但在日常生活中，人们用来衡量通货膨胀率的指标是A、消费者价格指数B、货币发行数量C、沪市综合指数D、银行利率【】3、在商品交换中，1金币=2石谷物。

若某个谷物生产者的劳动生产率提高一倍，在其他条件不变情况下,那么现在市场上1金币能够交换到的谷物是A、0.5石B、1石C、2石D、4石【】4、改革开放以来，中国国民经济持续快速稳定发展,人均GDP从1978年的400美元上升到2008年3600多美元.随着经济的发展，人们精神文化活动也极大丰富起来,其中体育产业也得到了长足发展，从三次产业角度来，体育产业属于A、第一产业B、第二产业C、第三产业D、特殊产业【】5、货币发行与准备金率调控是-国宏观经济政策的重要组成部分.在我国，货币发行机构是A、财政部B、中国银行业监督管理委员会C、国家发展和改革委员会D、中国人民银行【】6、在2009年中国外贸暴跌的前提下，中国政府积极采取对策，四次提高出口退税率，据公布的2010年1月份的经济数据显示，我国外贸增速大幅度提高,进出口总退税率，据公布的2010年1月份的经济数据显示，我国外贸增速大幅度提高，进出口总额猛增了44。

4％，但仍属于恢复性增长，中国外贸的这种变化说明A、外贸政策发挥作用B、国外市场需求强劲C、中国国民收入大幅度提高D、国际贸易利润巨大【】7、税收是国家财政的主要来源之一.我国税法规定，在我国境内经营的快餐企业需要交纳的税主要为A、增值税B、营业税C、消费税D、资源税【】8、据报道，北京虎年春节期间，有的庙会游人如织，买卖兴隆，使得游人、商贩、举力者三方共赢:但也有的庙会游人稀少,庙会不得不提前结束。

2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）文科综合能力测试政治试题【试卷总评】 本套试题整体难度中上，选择题区分度较大，有一定难度，背景材料鲜活，有地方特色，贴近学生，充分体现了高考政治试题的时政性，但时政热点较小，具体不空泛，形式多样，有漫画、图表、表格等．非选选择题能力立意明显，一则材料，多种角度，如第38题，设问独特，切合新课标要求及考试说明。

第一部份（选择题 共 140 分）优秀城市雕塑体现了城市的精神品质和文化追求。

北京“十二五”期间将新建一批呈现北京历史文化特色和“北京精神”的城市雕塑，分布在京城的大街小巷。

回答24－25题。

24. 优秀城市雕塑的文化价值主要表现为①显示城市的文化底蕴②活跃城市的文化市场③增强人们的精神力量④哺育优秀的文化人材A. ①③B. ①④C.②③D.②④【答案】：A【解析】：本题以城市雕塑为背景，考查文化生活有关知识。

①项正确，优秀城市雕塑显适示了该城市的文化底蕴，②项错误，活跃文化市场不是文化价值，而是其经济价值，故排除；③项正确，作为优秀文化的城市雕塑可以增强人的精神力量；④项错误，哺育优秀的文化人材是教育的功能，因此本题的正确答案是A。

【考点定位】 必修3：优秀文化塑人生、文化的特点、精神活动离不开物质载体。

25. 优秀城市 雕塑作为公共环境艺术品① 体现了城市环境对雕塑风格的依赖②反映了雕塑理念与城市环境的统一③ 体现了城市环境是时代精神的产物④反映了历史情怀与时代精神的融合A. ①②B.①③C. ②④D.③④【答案】：C【解析】：本题以城市雕塑作为公共环境艺术作品为背景，考查文化生活有关知识。

①项说法错误，城市环境不能依赖于雕塑风格；②项正确，作为公共环境艺术作品，城市雕塑体现的理念应与城市环境相统一；③项本身错误，环境作为一种物质现象不能成为时代精神这种意识的产物；④项正确，优秀的艺术作品总能体现历史与现代的结合。

因此本题的正确答案是C【考点定位】必修3：精神活动离不开物质载体、文化的特点等。

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试文科综合能力测试(北京卷)本试卷共13页,共300分。

考试时长150分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分(选择题共140分)本部分共35小题,每小题4分,共140分。

在每小题列出的四个选项中,选出最符合题目要求的一项。

2012年7月27日~8月12日,第30届夏季奥运会将在英国伦敦举行。

读图1,回答第1~3题。

图11.(2012·北京文综,1)在7、8月份,伦敦比北京()A.气温高,日较差大B.风小雾大,降水多C.正午太阳高度角小D.日出晚,昼短夜长2.(2012·北京文综,2)英国()A.地处亚欧板块和美洲板块交界处B.西部海岸线曲折,珊瑚礁发育好C.地形以高原为主,地势西高东低D.多数河流短,含沙少,无结冰期3.(2012·北京文综,3)途经该区域的洋流()A.能使北美洲至欧洲的海轮航行速度加快B.造成欧洲西部地区气温升高、湿度降低C.进入到北冰洋海域,使当地能见度变好D.在与其他洋流交汇的海域不易形成渔场1~3.1.C 2.D 3.A解析:第1题,北京位于40°N附近,属温带季风气候,降水集中在7、8月份;伦敦位于50°N附近,属典型的温带海洋性气候,冬季温和,夏季凉爽,各月降水较均匀,且温差较小。

由于伦敦的纬度位置比北京高,正午太阳高度角小于北京。

7、8月份太阳直射北半球,越往北,昼越长。

第2题,英国位于亚欧板块内部,不在板块边界处;珊瑚礁分布在热带和亚热带海洋;英国地形以平原为主,奔宁山脉南北走向;受山地影响,导致英国河流短小;本区1月均温都在0 ℃以上,河流一般不结冰。

第3题,流经英国附近海域的洋流是北大西洋暖流,对欧洲西部增温增湿;北大西洋暖流与东格陵兰寒流交汇,形成北海渔场;受欧洲西部地形的影响,势力强大的北大西洋暖流长驱北上,进入北冰洋海域,使当地湿度增大,出现海雾,能见度降低。

2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)及答案高三2010-06-08 15:462010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)及答案语文第一部分（共27分）一、本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分。

1.下列词语中，字形加点的字的读音全部正确的一项是A 摩擦力供认不悔对称（chèn）穷源溯（shuò）流B 一拉罐转弯抹角隽永（jùn）令人发（fà）指C 纪传体多难兴邦叨（tāo）扰一气呵（hē）成D 化装品整齐划一倾轧（zhà）囤（tún）积居奇2.下列句子中，加点的成语使用不恰当的一项是A 在积极应对自然灾害的同时，人们强烈感受到吸取经验教训的重要性，希望在未来的日子里能防患于未然。

B 军事专家认为极超音速导弹是反恐战争中非常有价值的“猎杀者”，一旦锁定目标，恐怖分子就无地自容了。

C 设计人员必须严格执行上级部门的有关决议，“创意”只能在规定范围以内驰骋，不能信马由缰，这是设计人员起码的职业操守。

D 双方无论研究方法多么不同，只要根本目标不相悖，就总有殊途同归的日子，在认识事物的过程中有这样那样的分歧时正常的。

3.下列句子中，没有语病的一句是A记者近日发现，公园晨练的老年人中流行一种由松树精华做成的“神仙茶”，对这种带点儿树皮味的绿色茶剂赞不绝口。

B挪威国宝级乐队“神秘园”将再度来京演出，实现了外国演出团在京演出超过7次的纪录，在其演出的艺术历程中也是唯一的一次。

C 连年亏损的美国《新闻周刊》正待价而沽，境内外华人都股东中国人出手收购，将这份引以为豪的美国期刊经营权收入囊中。

D 报告指出，中国及印度的一些跨国公司眼下正不遗余力的开拓国际市场，新加坡、俄罗斯等则紧随其后，国际市场的竞争格局正在发生变化。

4.下列有关文学常识的表述，有错误的一项是A《楚辞》是屈原，宋玉等人的总集，这些作品具有浓厚的楚地色彩，屈原的长诗《离骚》是其中的代表作。

高二语音训练2010年全国高考题一、2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试·湖北卷下列各组词语中加点的字，读音全都相同的一组是（）A．屏．气摒．弃并．蒂莲秉．烛待旦B．黄鹂．黎．明霹雳．舞磨砺．意志C．驼．绒滂沱．拓．荒者脱．颖而出D．翌．日游弋．溢．洪道逸．兴遄飞【标准答案】D。

A项，读音分别为：bǐnɡ，bìnɡ，bìnɡ，bǐnɡ； B项，读音分别为：lí，lí，lì，lì；C项，读音分别为：tuï，tuï，tuî，tuō；D项，读音都为yì。

二、2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试·江苏卷下列词语中加点的字，每对读音都不相同．．．．的一组是（）A．弹．劾／弹．丸之地哽咽．／狼吞虎咽．责难．／多难．兴邦B．鲜．活／寡廉鲜．耻泊．位／淡泊．明志叶．韵／一叶．知秋C．大度．／审时度．势长．进／身无长．物解．救／浑身解．数D．参．差／扪参．历井披靡．／风靡．一时畜．牧／六畜．兴旺【标准答案】C。

【解析】A．tán/dàn，yâ/yàn，nàn/nàn；B．xiün/xiǎn，bï/bï，xiã/yâ；C．dù/duï，zhǎnɡ/chánɡ，jiþ/xiâ；D．cýn/ shýn，mǐ/mǐ，xù/chù。

三、2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试·浙江卷下列词语中加点的字，注音全都正确的一组是（）A．澄．澈（chãnɡ）轻佻．（tiüo）豁．免权（huō）舆论哗．然（huá）B．甄．别（zhýn）市侩．（kuài）软着．陆（zháo）温柔敦．厚（dūn）C．苍穹．（qiïnɡ）未遂．（suì）扁桃腺．（xiàn）拈．轻怕重（zhün）D．跛．脚（bǒ）菁．华（jÿnɡ）撂．挑子（liào）大雨滂．沱（pünɡ）【标准答案】D。