Heating and Air Conditioning System Troubleshooting

Lesson 6 Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning供热、通风和空调Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning are all aspects of environmental engineering, a recent concept embracing all aspects of the engineering of buildings, such as structure, drainage, acoustics, and internal transportation.供热、通风和空调涵盖了环境工程的全部；环境工程的新理念还包括建筑内部各项工程，比如结构、排水、声学和内部人员流动。

The concept of environmental engineering takes cognizance of the fact that all elements of building are interrelated.环境工程原理认为：建筑物的所有部分都是相关的。

The heat produced by lighting, for instance, affects the need for air-conditioning, calling for ducts, which in turn affect the design of the structure.比如，照明产热需要空调降温，空调要使用管道，从而影响到结构设计。

The present article is confined to buildings, but the subject may be extended to cover mobile vehicles, such as motor coaches, aircraft, ships, railway trains, spacecraft, and submarines, each having highly specialized requirements.本文仅限于建筑物，但是这个主题可以扩大到包括大客车、飞机、轮船、铁路列车、宇宙飞船和潜艇等交通工具，它们要求的专业化程度都很高。

THE POWER OF WHA T IS ESSENTIAL Admire the style of Dacia Sandero, a combination of robustness and dynamic lines: simply stunning. Its front and rear Y-shaped brand light puts the finishing touches on a strong and modern identity. Its LED dipped headlights will light up the road at night like never before.Rear Y-Shaped brand lightBrand lightThe black radiator grille with touches of white adds to its personality. The Sandero spirit that you enjoy so much is also found in the details: in the body-tone door mirror shells and in the range of wheels.ALL YOU NEED IS WITHIN EASY REACHFrom the moment you step in thanks to the automatic remote opening, you feel comfortable in a welcoming and modern setting. Its panoramic dashboard combines elegance and efficiency. The driver-focused dashboard provides easy access to all the functions: intuitive heating and air-conditioning system controls, built-in 8-inch screen with navigation and replication of the applications on your smartphone USB, rear parking sensors, as well as height- and depth-adjustable steering wheel.Keyless entry and start cardInstrument panel with digital displayBUILD YOURS MENUTAKE CONTROL OF THE SPACEDacia Sandero perfectly adapts to your life. And it has the resources, with its large boot and rear folding bench seat, to adapt the space to your requirements. It also comes with a lot of storage space: cup holders, door bin, closed glovebox and storage console that perfectly meet your organisational requirements.Rear bench seat folded down: 1,108 litres of boot volumeBoot volume: 328 litresThe generous width at the shoulders for the driver and the leg room for passengers in the rear provide optimum comfort.SAFE EVERYSTEP OF THE WA YFor Dacia, nothing is more important than constantly improving the safety of our vehicles, and most of all, that of the passengers. What with automatic emergency braking, hill start assist and six airbags (standard) you can relax.Dacia Sandero and Sandero provide everything you need for worry-free driving.AUTOMATIC EMERGENCY BRAKINGSometimes, concentrating and being reactive is not enough. You can rely on Sandero to avoid or mitigate minor accidents. Automatic emergency braking detects collision hazards. If you don’t react or if you don’t react quickly enough, your system triggers and optimises braking.REAR PARKING SENSORS AND REAR-VIEW CAMERAIn the city, all parking spaces are worth taking, even the narrowest ones.You will be won over from the first manoeuvre by the sensing device that warns you with an audible and visual signal as soon as an obstacle is detected at the rear of the vehicle.HILL START ASSISTNo need to stress when you start on a slope! This function immediately prevents the vehicle from moving backwards when you release the brake pedal. You no longer have to grab the parking brake to help you; manoeuvring your vehicle is as easy as ABC.BUILD YOURS MENUCOLOUR PALETTEURBANGREYGLACIERWHITEPEARLBLACKMOONSTONEGREYIRONBLUE(1) Solid paint.(2) Metallic paint.(3) Special paint.Non-binding photosHUBCAPS & WHEELSAMBIANCESESSENTIALMAIN EQUIPMENTEXTERIOR PRESENTATION-New grille integrating the new logoand white decorative inserts-LED signature lighting-LED automatic daytime runninglights-Body-colored front and rear bumpers-Black exterior door handles-Black exterior mirrors-15” Elma wheel trimsINTERIOR PRESENTATION-Fog Grey interior decor elements-Fog Grey air vent surrounds andwhite sliders-Black Titane door panels-Black interior door handles-1/3-2/3 split-folding rear bench seatbackrest-Specific Essential upholstery-Electric door locking with remotecontrol keyACTIVE AND PASSIVE SAFETY-ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) & EBA(Emergency Brake Assist)-Inter-urban Automatic EmergencyBraking System (AEBS)-ESP (Electronic Stability Control) +HSA (Hill Start Assist)-E-call emergency call system-Driver and front passengerdeactivatable airbags-Front thorax and head curtainairbags (front + rear)-Front and rear lateral seat belts withpre-tensioner and load limiter-Tire pressure monitoring system-Hill Start Assist-Tire inflation kit-Isofix child seat mounting system forthe rear side seats-180 kmh / 112 mph Speed LimiterDRIVING AND CONTROL DEVICES-Electric power steering-Stop & Start, ECO mode-On-board computer: distancetraveled, average speed, range,average consumption (including GPL)-Speed limiter with audible warning /cruise controlVISIBILITY-Manual interior mirror adjustmentCOMFORT-Electric front windows for driver andpassenger-Height-adjustable steering wheel-Front ceiling light-1 USB socket in the front-Manual air conditioningAUDIO-Audio pre-equipment-Media Control: DAB radio withsteering wheel controls, integrateddisplay in the on-board computerscreen, fixed smartphone holder onthe dashboard, 4 front speakers,Bluetooth® connection, Dacia MediaControl mobile applicationEXPRESSIONMAIN EQUIPMENTEXPRESSION = ESSENTIAL+EXTERIOR FEATURES-Body-colored mirrors-15” Flexwheel Sorane wheel trimsINTERIOR FEATURES-Fog Grey air vent surrounds-Fog Grey interior door handles-Fabric covering on dashboard andfront door armrests-Expression-specific upholstery-Soft feel steering wheel adjustablefor height and depthDRIVING AND CONTROL DEVICES-Rear parking sensors and reversingcameraVISIBILITY-Fog lights-Electrically adjustable exteriormirrorsCOMFORT-Automatic wipers-Automatic door locking when driving-4 electric windows with driver’s sideone-touch function-Front ceiling light-Keyless entryAUDIO-Media Display: Android Auto™ andApple CarPlay™ compatibility withsmartphone mirroring via wifi or USBcable (DAB radio with 8” touchscreenand 4 speakers).BUILD YOURS MENU Android Auto™ is a trademark of Google Inc. Apple CarPlay™ is a trademark of Apple Inc.Roof spoilerFront & rear lower door protectors Shark fin aerial Front & rear mud guards Illuminated door sillsBoot matACCESSORY PACKSDOWNLOAD THE ACCESSORIES BROCHUREKENWOOD front dash camKENWOOD rear camSwan neck towbar 13 pin £579 inc. fitting Removable towbar 13 pin £687 inc. fittingAll accessories purchased prior to vehicle registration come with a 3 year manufacturers warrantyAccessories are fitted post production and may have an impact on WLTP fuel (actual) consumption and CO 2figuresMagnetic phone holder Storage pack + available with 2 x rear tray tables & fixings £222Roof bars Rear tray table & fixingsRoof box 400LRoof bars 2 x bike carriers for roofSTYLE PACK (ESSENTIAL & EXPRESSION)£375 inc. fittingPROTECTION PACK£285 inc. fittingSTORAGE PACK£120TOURING PACK£449DASH CAM PACK£422 inc. fittingCYCLE PACK£410TOW BARSPremium mats Safety kit Rubber boot matPREMIUM DELIVERY PACKSPREMIUM DELIVERY PACK £95Premium mats Safety kitPREMIUM DELIVERY PACK+ £160Premium mats Safety kitRubber boot matENGINESMENUBUILD YOURS (1) Official consumption and emissions according to applicable regulations. (2) WLTP (Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle T est Procedures ): this new protocol provides results much closer to those found in daily use compared to the NEDC protocol. *Fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions are certified using a standard, regulated method. It is identical for all manufacturers and allowsvehicles to be compared.TCe 90TCe 100 Bi-fuelEssential/ExpressionMinimum kerb weight 1,052/1,0721,106/1,128Maximum kerb weight 1,096/1,1201,134/1,160Gross train weight (GTW)2,638/2,6622,678/2,702Maximum permissible laden weight (MPLW)1,538/1,5621,576/1,602Max. braked towing weight1,100/1,1001,100/1,100EQUIPMENT & OPTIONS-: not available; ••: available as standard; o: available as an option.Android Auto™ is a Google Inc. brand. Apple CarPlay™ is an Apple Inc. brand.ESSENTIALEXPRESSIONABS (Anti-lock Braking System) and EBA (Emergency Brake Assist)••Intercity Automatic Emergency Braking (AEBS)••ESP (Electronic Stability Program) + HSA (Hill Start Assist)••Emergency call (E-call)••Driver’s front airbag/passenger’s front airbag can be deactivated•/•••/••Shoulder and curtain side airbags ••Rear parking sensors -•Rear camera-•High central armrest with storage -•Tyre pressure detection ••Spare wheel + jack (except LPG)¤¤Tyre inflation kit••Isofix child seat mounting system on rear side seats ••180 kmh / 112 mph Speed limiter••EQUIPMENT& OPTIONS (CONTINUE)MENUBUILD YOURS -: not available; ••: available as standard; o: available as an option.Android Auto™ is a Google Inc. brand. Apple CarPlay™ is an Apple Inc. brand.ESSENTIALEXPRESSIONMedia Control: DAB radio with controls on thesteering wheel, integrated display on the on-board computer screen, smartphone holder fixed on the dashboard, 2 front speakers, Bluetooth ® connection, Dacia Media Control mobile application•-Media Display: Android Auto™ and Apple CarPlay™ compatibility with smartphone replication via USB cable (DAB radio with 8” touch screen and 4 speakers)-•PRICINGOPTIONSCO 2 G/KM WLTPFUEL TYPECOMBINED FUEL CONSUMPTION (MPG) - WLTPBHPBENEFIT IN KINDVED YEAR 1BASIC PRICEVAT 20%TOTAL RETAILPRICEON THE ROAD PRICE*TCe 90 MY2311953.3 (5.3)£210TCe 100 Bi-Fuel MY23122(Petrol)/109 (LPG)52.3 ( 5.4) & 42.2 (6.7)£200ESSENTIALEXPRESSIONBASIC PRICEVAT 20%TOTAL RETAILPRICEMetallic & opaque paint ¤ ¤£541.67£108.33£650Spare Wheel (excluding Bi-Fuel)¤¤£250.00£50.00£300* ’’On the Road’’ price includes delivery to the dealer premises, number plates, 12 months government road fund license (depending on CO 2 emissions) and First Registration Fee at £55.WE’VE GOTYOU COVEREDYou might think our shockingly affordable prices mean our cars aren’t made to last. Actually, the Dacia range is one tough cookie. To prove it, you get a 3-year* warranty (or 60,000 miles, if you reach that first). This means we will replace any part which has been deemed by a Dacia approved dealer to be defective due to a manufacturing fault, free of charge. To keep the good times rolling, you can extend your warranty up to 7 years for a great price. We also give you a 2-year paintwork and 6-year anti-corrosion warranty, so you can kick back knowing that your Dacia will stay looking good-as-new for years to come.ROADSIDE ASSIST ANCEAlthough our cars are built for plain sailing, you can rely on us if you have a breakdown – 24/7 365, wherever you are in the UK or Northern Ireland. This offer also stands for the first 3 years/60,000 miles∆ after you buy your new Dacia.DACIA CAR INSURANCE 1Dacia Insurance has been specifically created to provide superb protection for you and your car. Unlike most other UK insurers, in the event of an accident, your Dacia will be repaired at a Dacia Approved Bodyshop using only Dacia approved parts and approved repair methods. This maintains your Dacia’s safety rating, protects its resale value and helps to maintain its Dacia warranty^. Dacia Insurance also offers a courtesy car for the duration of a repair at a Dacia Approved Bodyshop.Dacia car insurance: 0330 102 7795 Lines are open Mon - Thurs 8.30am - 7pm, Fri 9am - 6pm, Sat 9am - 5pm SERVICINGDacia Service Plans are the ultimate hassle free way to take care of yourvehicle. Depending on the Service plan you purchase (see opposite grid) your servicing needs are covered and you benefit from;• I nflation Proof Servicing – You know exactly what you’ll pay and there are no hidden costs• P eace of Mind – No matter where life takes you, we’ll be there in over 5000 workshops across Europe• D acia Expertise & Quality – Our highly trained technicians know your Dacia inside outThe Dacia Service Plan contains Dacia services in-line with the manufacturer’s service schedule, plus comes with a complimentary vehicle health check to ensure your Dacia is in the best condition possible.* D acia warranty ends when you reach the age or mileage limit (whichever comes first), from date of registration. Subject tostatus, terms and conditions apply. For full Dacia Extended Warranty Terms and Conditions visit /warranty-and-assistance/warranty∆Roadside assistance for the first 3 year / 60,000 miles, which ever is reached first, from date of registration. For full Terms and Conditions visit /warranty-and-assistance/assistance† Dacia Extended warranties are available to purchase from first date of registration up to end of manufacturer warranty. For full Dacia Extended Warranty Terms and Conditions visit /warranty-and-assistance/warrantyThe monthly service plan offer is available at point of signing agreement for vehicle purchased under HP and PCP finance agreement provided by Dacia Finance Ltd. (Not available on cash purchases).T he Service plan offer is available for eligible retail vehicles only and valid at participating dealers only. Vehicles must be ordered between 3 October to 3 January and registered by 31 March 2024. The Dacia Service plan covers the manufacturer’s minimum maintenance programme requirements for the term of the Service plan purchased (refer to the Warranty and Service sheet in the Handover Document wallet for details). The plan ends when you reach the age or mileage limit (whichever comes first). Services must be carried out in line with the manufacturer’s minimum maintenance programme requirements and servicing intervals within +/- 1 month or 1,000 miles of the service interval and can only be carried out at a Dacia Approved outlet. Service plans do not cover wear and tear items such as (but not limited to) tyres, wiper blades or brakes. For Service plan full Terms & Conditions visit /services-and-finance/service-plan. Cannot be part exchanged, refunded or transferred.◊ T he service schedule and intervals are subject to the registration number. Ask your local dealer to confirm your service schedule / intervals as the above is a guideline.** 36 or 48 monthly payments options are only available at point of signing a finance agreement provided by Dacia Finance, Rivers Office Park, Denham Way, Rickmansworth, WD3 9YS. Guarantees and indemnities may be required. You must be a UK resident (excluding the Channel Islands) and over 18 to apply for finance. Terms and conditions apply.1 D acia Insurance is arranged and administered by Verex Insurance Services Ltd, which is registered in England and Wales No. 05686831 at Batchworth House, Church Street, Rickmansworth, Herts, WD3 1JE and authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority,No. 487185. Verex Insurance Services Ltd arranges policies from a panel of insurers, details are available on request.^If your insurer uses non-approved parts which subsequently fail, they may not be covered under your manufacturer’s warranty.Dacia Extended warranty ends when you reach the age or mileage limit (whichever comes first). For full Warranty Terms and Conditions visit /warranty-and-assistance/assistanceSERVICE PLAN^C a s h P r i c eM o n t h l y p a y m e n t s w i t h D a c i a F i n a n c e **2 years / 20,000 miles Service Plan -£9.99 per month 3 years / 30,000 miles Service Plan £576£12.99 per month 4 years / 40,000 miles Service Plan + 1 MOT£1,056£16.99 per monthSERVICING^ + EXTENDEDWARRANTY PLAN + 1 MOT4 years / 60,000 miles£1,464£17.99 per monthEXTENDED WARRANTY T o t a l R e t a i l P r i c e4 years / 60,000 miles †£1655 years / 60,000 miles †£2756 years / 60,000 miles†£4154 years / 100,000 miles †£4905 years / 100,000 miles †£5656 years / 100,000 miles†£715Y e a r 1Y e a r 2Y e a r 3Cabin filter changeOil change + Cabin filter changeCabin filter change + Brake fluid changeY e a r 4Y e a r 5Y e a r 6Oil change + Cabin filter change + Brake fluid changeCabin filter change +Coolant 150km changeCabin filter change + Belts 150km changeSERVICE INTERV ALS ◊Annual servicing OR servicing at 18,000 miles (whichever comes first)Service Schedule ◊DIMENSIONS1 532,61 518,62,6041,9854,0886668191621,4101,4061,02689887814°14°1,4991,8482,007Dimensions en mm.BOOT(IN DM 3 - VDA ST ANDARD)Minimum boot volume (ISO 3832)328/410Maximum boot volume (ISO 3832)1,108/1,455Volume under false floor (ISO 3832)78TO GOFURTHERAccess the DACIAFacebook accountAccess the DACIATwitter accountAccess the DACIAInstagram accountCLICK AND CONFIGURE。

医院建设中的净化空调1、18届六中全会把“健康中国”上升为国家战略2、医院建设是医疗事业的一大方面医院建筑是医院建设的一大方面。

医疗洁净用房种类繁多3、医院空气的污染状况4、各种消毒方法效果举例5、对重要的医疗用房除去人的舒适性之外，能提供正压和干净的空气，能使室内微生物得到稀释，外界微生物进不来的通风空调系统还是必要的。

这就要净化空调。

6、阻隔式过滤的特点7、净化空调公式什么是净化空调呢？就是：空调＋空气净化（简称净化）≈（温湿度的调节＋新风）＋（阻隔式过滤除尘和除菌＋气流组织和稀释＋压力梯度）8、用阻隔式过滤的净化空调和洁净空调目前仍是不二选择。

9、关于洁净手术室1）洁净手术室不等同于层流手术室①称建洁净手术室为搞层流手术室是不对的，层流（改为单向流或平行流）是洁净室技术中最高形式的气流组织。

表9 使用超净空气和预防性抗菌药物与手术部位感染的关系图1 两种通风系统之间手术时间与细菌浓度相关性的对比②美国95年ASHRAE手册是层流③日本层流手术室图2 日本标准的垂直层流图3 日本标准的水平层流④我国军标是层流手术室，后来自己否定自己了，因为太高了，手术室感染要有一定的手术区菌浓，不是非到极低甚至“0”。

又工作区仅为手术台区。

⑤中国医院消毒卫生标准GB15982—1995⑥中国标准和各国标准用低紊流度置换流⑦中国医院消毒卫生标准GB15982—2012表112）、关于有1%可能要作100%努力的问题⑧关于分级问题——重度污染类手术即使对一般手术部也做之类的消过毒的、干净的普通手术室做，其无菌程度如上述也需要静态20万级。

Ⅳ级洁净手术室为30万级。

或者降低到每皿8个菌，则要30万级。

总之，在菌、尘浓度要求方面：“普通手术室”≈“非洁净手术部手术室”≈Ⅳ级洁净手术室关于造价①上海限定Ⅰ级100万、Ⅱ级80万，Ⅲ级60万②某中央大医院47间手术室（按平均Ⅱ级计）一天做近130台手术，平均每间每天3台手术其中Ⅰ级设10年淘汰，做10950台，每台73元其中Ⅰ级若15年淘汰，做10950台，每台48.7元关于电费一间32.5m2Ⅱ级手术室空调换气次数大于洁净换气次数，耗电15.2kW，一天运行12h，则耗电182.4度，150元，每台手术50元。

图纸上英文代号说明AHU ——空气处理机CH. ——制冷机C.D. ——冷凝水管C.T. ——冷却塔CAV ——新风量控制箱EAF ——排风机EAD ——排风管EAG ——排风口EAL ——排风百叶FAG ——新风口FAL ——新风百叶FAF ——补风机F.A. ——新风FAD ——新风管F.D. ——防火阀HC ——加热盘管FC ——风机盘管HX ——热交换器L/L---------低位M/L--------中位MAD-------补风管MAF-------补风机N.C.-------常闭N.O.-------常开N.R.D.----风管止回阀P.A.-------经过处理的新风PDA-------新风管(经过处理的新风)PAU-------新风机(带处理功能)PAL-------新风百叶R.A.-------回风RAD-------回风管RAG-------回风口空调设备英文简称FCU ：风机盘管 fan coil unitAHU ：空气处理单元 (空气处理机) air handling unit FAU ：新风处理单元 fresh air unitHVAC：供热通风与空气调节 heating ventilating and air conditioning DCC ：干盘管（干式盘管）Dry cooling coilFFU：风机过滤单元 Fan filter unitMAU ：新风空调箱 Make up air hundling unit scheduleAHU：空气处理单元 Air hundling unitHEPA：高效空气过滤器High efficiency pariculate airRAC：循环组合空调单元 Recirculation air cabinet unit scheduleC/R：洁净室无尘室 Clean roomULPA：超高空气效过滤器Ultra low penetration air filterAS ：风淋室Air showerPB：传递箱Pass boxCB：净化工作台Clean benchRD ：泄压风门Relief damperCH.：制冷机C.D. ：冷凝水管C.T. ：冷却塔CAV ：新风量控制箱EAD ：排风管EAG ：排风口EAL ：排风百叶FAG ：新风口FAL ：新风百叶FAF ：补风机F.A. ：新风FAD ：新风管F.D.：防火阀HC ：加热盘管FP ：风机盘管HX ：热交换器N.R.D.：风管止回阀P.A.：经过处理的新风PDA：新风管(经过处理的新风) PAU：新风机(带处理功能) PAL：新风百叶RAD：回风管RAG：回风口专业英语对照表additional factor for wind force||风力附加率additional heat loss||附加耗热量adiabatic humidification||绝热加湿weighted sound pressure level||A声级absolute humidity||绝对湿度absolute roughness||绝对粗糙度absorbate 吸收质absorbent 吸收剂absorbent||吸声材料absorber||吸收器absorptance for solar radiation||太阳辐射热吸收系数absorption equipment||吸收装置absorption of gas and vapor||气体吸收absorptiong refrige rationg cycle||吸收式制冷循环absorption-type refrigerating machine||吸收式制冷机access door||检查门acoustic absorptivity||吸声系数actual density||真密度actuating element||执行机构actuator||执行机构adaptive control system||自适应控制系统additional factor for exterior door||外门附加率additional factor for intermittent heating||间歇附加率additional factor for wind force||高度附加率additional heat loss||风力附加率adiabatic humidification||附加耗热量adiabatic humidiflcation||绝热加湿adsorbate||吸附质adsorbent||吸附剂adsorber||吸附装置adsorption equipment||吸附装置adsorption of gas and vapor||气体吸附aerodynamic noise||空气动力噪声aerosol||气溶胶air balance||风量平衡air changes||换气次数air channel||风道air cleanliness||空气洁净度air collector||集气罐air conditioning||空气调节air conditioning condition||空调工况air conditioning equipment||空气调节设备air conditioning machine room||空气调节机房air conditioning system||空气调节系统air conditioning system cooling load||空气调节系统冷负荷air contaminant||空气污染物air-cooled condenser||风冷式冷凝器air cooler||空气冷却器air curtain||空气幕air cushion shock absorber||空气弹簧隔振器air distribution||气流组织air distributor||空气分布器air-douche unit with water atomization||喷雾风扇air duct||风管、风道air filter||空气过滤器air handling equipment||空气调节设备air handling unit room||空气调节机房air header||集合管air humidity||空气湿度air inlet||风口air intake||进风口air manifold||集合管air opening||风口air pollutant||空气污染物air pollution||大气污染air preheater||空气预热器air return method||回风方式air return mode||回风方式air return through corridor||走廊回风air space||空气间层air supply method||送风方式air supply mode||送风方式||air supply (suction) opening with slide plate||插板式送（吸）风口||air supply volume per unit area||单位面积送风量||air temperature||空气温度air through tunnel||地道风||air-to-air total heat exchanger||全热换热器air-to-cloth ratio||气布比air velocity at work area||作业地带空气流速air velocity at work place||工作地点空气流速air vent||放气阀air-water systen||空气—水系统airborne particles||大气尘air hater||空气加热器airspace||空气间层alarm signal||报警信号ail-air system||全空气系统all-water system||全水系统allowed indoor fluctuation of temperature and relative humidity||室内温湿度允许波动范围ambient noise||环境噪声ammonia||氨amplification factor of centrolled plant||调节对象放大系数amplitude||振幅anergy||@||angle of repose||安息角ange of slide||滑动角angle scale||热湿比angle valve||角阀annual [value]||历年值annual coldest month||历年最冷月annual hottest month||历年最热月anticorrosive||缓蚀剂antifreeze agent||防冻剂antifreeze agent||防冻剂apparatus dew point||机器露点apparent density||堆积密度aqua-ammonia absorptiontype-refrigerating machine||氨—水吸收式制冷机aspiation psychrometer||通风温湿度计Assmann aspiration psychrometer||通风温湿度计atmospheric condenser||淋激式冷凝器atmospheric diffusion||大气扩散atmospheric dust||大气尘atmospheric pollution||大气污染atmospheric pressure||大气压力（atmospheric stability||大气稳定度atmospheric transparency||大气透明度atmospheric turblence||大气湍流automatic control||自动控制automatic roll filter||自动卷绕式过滤器automatic vent||自动放气阀available pressure||资用压力average daily sol-air temperature||日平均综合温度axial fan||轴流式通风机azeotropic mixture refrigerant||共沸溶液制冷剂Bback-flow preventer||防回流装置back pressure of steam trap||凝结水背压力back pressure return余压回水background noise||背景噪声back plate||挡风板bag filler||袋式除尘器baghouse||袋式除尘器barometric pressure||大气压力basic heat loss||基本耗热量hend muffler||消声弯头bimetallic thermometer||双金属温度计black globe temperature||黑球温度blow off pipe||排污管blowdown||排污管boiler||锅炉A-boiller house||锅炉房boiler plant||锅炉房boiler room||锅炉房booster||加压泵branch||支管branch duct||(通风) 支管branch pipe||支管building envelope||围护结构building flow zones||建筑气流区building heating entry||热力入口bulk density||堆积密度bushing||补心butterfly damper||蝶阀by-pass damper||空气加热器〕旁通阀by-pass pipe||旁通管Ccanopy hood ||伞形罩capillary tube||毛细管capture velocity||控制风速capture velocity||外部吸气罩capturing hood ||卡诺循环Carnot cycle||串级调节系统cascade control system||铸铁散热器cast iron radiator||催化燃烧catalytic oxidation ||催化燃烧ceilling fan||吊扇ceiling panelheating||顶棚辐射采暖center frequency||中心频率central air conditionint system ||集中式空气调节系统central heating||集中采暖central ventilation system||新风系统centralized control||集中控制centrifugal compressor||离心式压缩机entrifugal fan||离心式通风机||check damper||(通风〕止回阀||check valve||止回阀||chilled water||冷水chilled water system with primary-secondary pumps||一、二次泵冷水系统chimney||(排气〕烟囱circuit||环路circulating fan||风扇circulating pipe||循环管circulating pump||循环泵clean room||洁净室cleaning hole||清扫孔cleaning vacuum plant||真空吸尘装置cleanout opening||清扫孔clogging capacity||容尘量close nipple||长丝closed booth||大容积密闭罩closed full flow return||闭式满管回水第六章制冷第一节一般术语第6.1.1条制冷 refrigeration用人工方法从一物质或空间移出热量，以便为空气调节、冷藏和科学研究等提供冷源的技术。

TWO DEMONSTRATIONS OF SOLAR HEATING AND AIR-CONDITIONINGSYSTEM IN BUILDINGS IN CHINAZhang Xinyu, Zheng Ruicheng, Feng Xiaomei , Zou Yu, He Tao ,Xuwei ,ZhangJianghua,Li ZhongChinaAcademy of Building ResearchNo.30, BeisanhuandongluBeijing 100013, Chinazxyhit@ABSTRACTTwo demonstrations of solar air-conditioning and heating system in office building are introduced, one is solar heating system with seasonal storage, flat plate solar collector integrated into external wall, the solar fraction for space heating is 25%, another is solar-assisted air-conditioning system, evacuated tube solar collector integrated with flat roof, the solar fraction for space heating is 20%, for air-conditioning is 50%. The auxiliary energy equipment is ground-source heat pump system. The control strategy for solar system and auxiliary energy system are also introduced. The project is financial by National Renewable Energy Fund of China. 1. INTRODUCTIONThe demonstration project located in Tong Zhou District of Beijing which near to BeijingCapitalInternationalAirport. The project invested by China Academy of Building Research, is the national demonstration project for energy efficiency in building on city level. The total construction area of the project is 94603m, divided into two parts. One is 28353m, named Northm, named South Part, another is 66253Part. The flat plate solar collectors integrated into external wall with seasonal storage are used in the South part. The evacuated solar collectors on the flat roof are used in the North Part. The function of the building in project is office and testing laboratory.2. BUILDING DESCRIPTIONSolar energy system and ground-source energy system in this project supplied the energy for cooling and heating. The energy consumption of the building must be a lower level. The basic information of building is following,1. The average ratio of window to wall is 0.23;2. The U-value of the external wall is 0.42⋅;W Km3. The U-value of the roof is 0.2752⋅;W Km4. The U-value of the ground is 0.252⋅;mW K5. The U-value of the windows is 2.0 2⋅W Km6. The U-value of the door is 1.8 2⋅mW KAccording to the simulation result with Trnsys, the energy efficiency in building of this project is 65% compared with pat public building in China and is higher Chinese standard.3. SYSTEM DESIGN3.1 North PartSolar heating system supply energy for space heating in winter, the ground-source heat pump was used as the auxiliary heat source. In the season except winter, solar system store the heat in the concrete tank, the volume of which is 200 3m.In winter, the ground-source heat pump and storage tank meet the cooling demand together. The terminal system for space heating is radiator and floor heating system. To make full use of the energy from solar system, Firstly, the higher temperature water from solar system pass the radiator, then go into floor heating system.The type of solar collector used in this part is flat plate solar collector, integrated with external wall; it looks like curtain wall but solar collector. The total amount of solar collector is 1403m; the dimension of the collector is 1000 mm~2000 mm. The aim of this part is to demonstrate the solar collector integrated type and seasonal heat storage. Fig. 1 is the appearance of flat plate solar collector integrated with wall. The simulation result is that the solar fraction of this system is 25% for space heating.3.2 South PartSolar heating system supply energy for space heating in winter and supply heat to drive the absorption to produce cooling water for air-conditioning in summer. The ground-source heat pump was used as the auxiliary source. The type of solar collector used in this part is evacuated tube solar collector, integrated with flat roof. The total amount of solar collector is 228.48㎡; the dimension of the collector is 1020mm_2000 mm. The aim of this part is to demonstrate the solar –assistedair-conditioning system. Fig. 2 is the appearance of evacuated tube solar collector on the roofIn this system, two water tanks are used, one is for heat water storage, the volume of which is 10m3, and another is for cooling water storage, the volume of which is 15m3.The output of the refrigeration is 105 kW. The simulation result is that the solar fraction of this system is 20% for space heating and 50% for cooling. In this part, the space heating building area is more than cooling.4. SYSTEM CONTROL STRATEGYThe system must take different control strategy in different season. The detail description of control strategy is following.4.1 North PartIn the heating season, solar heating system and ground-source heat pump system supply energy for space heating together. In summer, the ground-source heat pump system meet cooling demand, in other season the solar collector system stored the heat in concrete tank for space heating in winter.4.1.1 Heating SeasonThe solar collector system is controlled by temperature difference between thehighest temperature part of the solar collector and the lowest temperature in the concrete tank. When the temperature difference bigger than 5o c, the pump of solar collector system started, till the temperature difference lower to 2o c, the pump stopped. The freeze protection of the system is drain back system, while the pump of solar collector system stopped, the water in solar collectors and pipes drained backinto concrete tank. When the water temperature in the concrete tank is more than 50o c, the solar heating system directly supply energy into building for space heating. When the temperature of the return water from the heating system is higher than 45o c and lower than 30o c, the heat pump heat the water into required temperature to meet the heat demand. When return temperature is lower than 30o c, the solar collector system store the heat in the concrete tank.4.1.2 SummerThe ground-source heat pump supply cool water for air conditioning. The solar collector system is controlled with the same in heating season. The solar collector system store the heat in the concrete tank for space heating in winter, when the temperature in the concrete tank is higher than 95o c, the pump of solar collector system stopped.4.1.3 Other SeasonThe solar collector system is controlled with the same in heating season. The solar collector system store the heat in the concrete tank for space heating in winter, when the temperature in the concrete tank is higher than 95o c, the pump of solar collector system stopped.4.2 South PartIn the heating season, solar heating system and ground-source heat pump system supply energy for space heating together. In summer, the solar heating system supply the heat to absorption refrigerator to cool water for air conditioning, when the radiation is not enough to produce higher temperature water, the ground-source heat pump system started.4.2.1 Heating SeasonThe control strategy of solar system is the same with the North Part in heating season. The freeze protection of the system is anti-freeze circulation system; when the temperature in the top part of solar collector system is lower than 5o c, the pump of solar collector system started, when temperature increased to 10o c, the pump system stopped, part of water in solar collectors and pipes drained back into heat storage tank.When the water temperature in the heat storage tank is more than 50o c, the solar heating system directly supply energy into building for space heating. When the temperature of the return water from the heating system is higher than 45o c and lower than 30o c, the heat pump heats the water into required temperature to meet the heat demand. When return temperature is lower than 30o c, the water heated by solar system go into the evaporator of the heat pump to improve the efficiency of heat pump for saving more conventional energy such as electrical power.4.2.2 SummerThe solar collector system is controlled with the same in heating season. When the temperature in heat store tank is more than 88o c, the pump start, and the absorption refrigerator started to cool the water in the cooling storage tank. When the temperature in the top part of cooling storage tank is lower than the return water temperature, the pump for supply cooling started.The solar assisted air- conditioning system and the ground heat pump are parallel operating. When the return water temperature is lower than the temperature in the bottom part of cooling storage tank, this means the cooling demand is less. Firstly, the absorption refrigeration system cools the water in the cooling storage tank, when the temperature in which meet the design requirement, the absorption refrigeration system stopped. Then, the solar collector system heats the water in the heat storage tank. When the temperature in the heat storage tank is higher than 95o c, the pump for solar collector system stopped.4.2.3 Other SeasonIn spring, the solar system and ground pump system supply heat for space heating till the building dose not need space heating. Firstly, the absorption refrigeration system cools the water in the cooling storage tank, when the temperature in which meet the design requirement, the absorption refrigeration system stopped. Then, the solar collector system heats the water in the heat storage tank. When the temperature in the heat storage tank is higher than 95o c, the pump for solar collector system stopped. In autumn, the solar system and ground pump system supply heat for cooling till the building dose not need cooling. The solar collector systems heat the water in the heat storage tank. When the temperature in the heat storage tank is higher than 95o c, the pump for solar collector system stopped.5. PROJECT MONITORINGThe solar system will be completed in July 2007.The monitoring equipmentinstalled in the system will be used to test the basic parameters such as temperature, flow, radiation, power consumption and etc. The aim for monitoring is to improve the design idea. From the monitoring data, the solar fraction of system, the system efficiency and other index can be acquired. Through the monitoring, much experience can be accumulated to better promote the solar energy application in building.6. REFERENCES(1) Hans M. H, “Solar-assisted air-conditioning inbuildings”, New York: Springder Wien New Yirk, 2004(2) Zheng Ruicheng, “Technical Guidebook for SolarWater Heating System of Civil Buildings”, Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2006(3) China Nonferrous Engineering and Research Institute,GB 50019-2003 Code for Design of heating, ventilationand air condition. Beijing: China Planning Press, 2004 (4) China Academy of Building Research, GB50366-2005Technical Code for Ground-source Heat Pump System.Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2005中国建筑中的两种太阳能采暖与空调系统实例 张新宇，郑瑞成，冯小妹，邹瑜，何涛，徐渭，章江华，李忠中国建筑科学研究院30号北山环东路，北京100013摘要现介绍两种应用于写字楼里的太阳能空调系统和供暖系统实例： 一种是有季节性存储太阳能供热系统，其平板太阳能集热器嵌入在外墙上，太阳能有35%用于采暖；另一种是太阳能辅助空气调节系统，它把真空管太阳能集热器安装在平屋顶上，其中有20%的太阳能用于采暖，50%的太阳能用于空气调节。

Green ecological building1、The rise and practice of “green building”China is a country that resources are not very rich country, with the development of society and economy, the improvement of people's living standard, the insecurity of resource we have a red light, and actively promote ecological construction has become the inevitable trend of development. Ecological building "new concept appeared in the 60's of the last century.In 70 the outbreak of the oil crisis, to make people aware of sacrificing ecological environment difficult to continue high speed economic development, consumption of natural resources most building industry must take the road of sustainable development.90 in the last century, green building (Green Buildings) in western countries, and the establishment of an international organization, was made about index system of green ecological building, carry out a lot of activities. As in 1987 and 1988 respectively in Sweden was held in Stockholm the "healthy building" international academic conference.In 1992 June, the United Nations Conference on environment and development through the “21 century agenda "of the draft document.World Commission on environment and development put forward the concept of sustainable development as a new standard to Rio de Janeiro "Declaration". Sustainable development means to fully respect the environment and the use of natural resources to implement conservation, including saving energy, minerals, water, land, protection of ocean and atmosphere, and the protection of biological diversity.Most countries in the world have accepted the idea.The last century, introduced to China in the late 1990s the concept of green building. In 1994, China published China's Agenda 21, the same time start a major national scientific and industrial engineering - in 2000 a well-off urban and rural residential technology industry works ". Published in 1996 the People's Republic of China Human Settlements Development Report put forward higher requirements and assurance measures to further improve and enhance the quality of living environment. Green building rating system in recent years are also stepping up implementation. Compared with foreign countries, China's key technology research and development in the individual ecological needs further deepening. Such as in building energy efficiency,compared with countries with similar climate, the building energy consumption of the heating region in China about three times: in the green building design, natural ventilation and renewable energy use, green building materials, indoor environment, resource reuse technology, green and configuration technology research required to accelerate the applied research. Based on the results of theoretical studies of green building, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other economically developed regions with local characteristics to actively carry out the integration of research and practical application of the key technologies of the green building system. For example: more than the North Lu spring Ecological Area, Beijing Tiptop International Apartment Guangzhou, Grand View Park, Shanghai million colones Run Park. "Shanghai World Expo ecological" and "Beijing Green Olympics" as the background of the "Shanghai ecology demonstration building and Tsinghua ultra-low power demonstration building" green building demonstration projects have been completed and open to the domestic and international, to become China's green building technology show education base and follow-up research and development platform.2、Definition and characteristics of green building and technical requirementsGreen building as the representative of the Audubon Society headquarters in the United States, it is the most energy-efficient buildings in Manhattan, New York, is considered to be a new milestone in the history of construction of environmental protection. What is a green ecological building. At present, the view that it must be a saving construction. Reflected in the health, water, land, energy conservation, pollution control, recycling. Architectural aesthetics in the development process as the goal, the principle of a virtuous cycle for the protection of ecosystems, green economy, green social connotation, green technology to support new construction, green environment set up as a symbol. It reflects the natural design concept and architectural unity and concord, it is the ultimate goal and natural balance in the whole process of its life cycle, so that to reduce the consumption of resources, protection of ecosystems, human health, comfort health, is the building of a sustainable development model.Green building features summed up in the following points: First, as far as possible to conserve resources and non-renewable energy consumption,reflecting the 3R principle Freud, Reduce, Recycle), ie, re-use, conservation, recycling. Second, protection of ecosystems, and to adhere to the harmonious coexistence of man and nature. Mainly reflected in the selection and use of low environmental impact materials; in the construction process, minimizing the impact of on-site ecosystem; does not affect the entire residential area of the local human environment. Third, the health of people harmless, makes people feel comfortable and healthy, we must make use of green building materials or clean, non-toxic building materials. The design must reflect the user-friendly design, construction, noise, contaminants, wastes must be prevented adverse effects on the human body.According to domestic and international research on green eco-residential area, roughly in the following areas. First, the energy system. Electricity, gas, coal energy into the cell under normal circumstances. To optimize the analysis of these energy sources, using the best solution on the residential building envelope and heating, air-conditioning system for energy-saving design, building energy efficiency to reach at least 50% or more. Wherever conditions permit, to encourage the adoption of new energy and green energy (solar, wind, geothermal energy, tidal energy and other renewable resources). Second, the water environment systems. Water system for the district to consider the issue of water quality and quantity. The outdoor system to set up gray water, rainwater and other treatment in water reuse systems, rainwater harvesting systems, gray water recycling system. Landscape water waterscape projects to be designed and included in the water system is taken into account. The district water supply facilities should be energy and water conservation type, the implementation of water-saving appliances. Gas environmental systems. The district system of the gas environment, including indoor and outdoor. Outdoor air quality met Grade II standard; live indoor achieve natural ventilation to maximize the use of green building materials, bathroom with ventilation equipment, kitchen equipped with flue gas concentrated drainage systems, indoor air quality standards to ensure the health of residents . Fourth, sound environmental systems. Acoustic environment of the district system, including outdoor, indoor, and the district outside noise deadening measures. Daytime noise of the outdoor acoustic environment system should be less than 50 dB at night less than 40 dB; architectural design to be used in noise reduction measures to meet the indoor sound environment system: Day 1 Secretary noise is less than 35 dB, less than 30 dB at night. Light environment system. The light environment of thedistrict general emphasis to meet the sunshine requirements, and interior to maximize the use of natural light. , To promote new energy green lighting in outdoor public places, use of energy-saving lamps. 6 is a thermal environment system. Residential thermal environment of the system to meet the thermal comfort requirements of the residents, building energy efficiency requirements, and environmental requirements. 7 is a green system. In the building next to the tree planting, turf green, can play a wind, insulation, dust and landscaping effect; can achieve energy saving, air purification, the purpose of maintaining the ecological balance. Eighth, waste management and disposal systems. Using different methods of disposal of solid waste management, sound processing and comprehensive utilization of physical chemistry, solidification and high temperature incineration in the country. The management side, to reform the management mechanism, the establishment of supervision and law enforcement, do a good job of publicity and education, the establishment of the garbage fee system. Nine is a green building material systems. Green Building Materials to adopt cleaner production technologies, use less natural resources and energy, without being poisoned by heavy use of solid waste produced by industrial or urban, non-polluting, non-radioactive, conducive to environmental protection and human health, building materials.3、to accelerate our country green ecological residential quarter sustainable healthy development several suggestions3.1 To raise awareness of the importance of the development of green eco-residential areaAlthough China has a vast territory, abundant supplies, but because of the large population, coupled with stepped forward a few years without restraint the development, production, resource severe shortage; arable land, forest area, water, etc. substantial reduction in environmental pollutionvery serious. Therefore, from the thought, conscience, on the implementation of green eco-residential area should be increased and sustainable human development is closely related to the height, which is the primary task.3.2 The Government must introduce a series of industrial policies to support green eco-construction of the residential areaGreen ecological residential area initial investment is relatively high, and return slowly. If there are no taxes, grants or restrictions on the use of certainareas of materials substantially implemented in the country will have a certain degree of difficulty. Although the Ministry of Construction launched in April 2001, "green eco-construction of residential quarters points with the Technical Guidelines", pointed out the system in the green eco-residential district development indicators and criteria. However, the support given to a series of links in the construction of a planning permit, the issuance of construction permits is not enough. Only given them preferential treatment in order to enable more developers will invest in this emerging industry3.3 vigorously develop new technologies, new materialsGreen ecological residential area constitutes a synthesis of form, materials, appearance and technology. Its implementation to rely on a large number of relevant technical and material support. Such as foreign tiles can absorb pollutants; use of waste paper, paper residue created by the fire insulation materials; inhibit groundwater dry, protection of ecological environment in the role of concrete. These can be used as our development of new materials, new technologies draw.3.4 optimization of building energy efficiency. Development of green energyFrom the regional planning begins to consider to irrigate the problem.The key should catch good the following: first, energy saving building energy saving is a system, must from the planning and architectural design. For example, a reasonable choice of building orientation, control building shape coefficient of residential buildings and energy saving, pay attention to the relationship between the eaves, attention, cornice, sun visor, curtain structure for regulating sunlight, energy saving effect. Second, take effective measures, improve the thermal performance of retaining structure.Walls, doors and windows and roof of building envelope components, in the energy saving residential buildings occupy an important position. For example, the reasonable control of external window area, selection of heat transfer coefficient of small frame material and energy saving glass doors and windows, to increase the air tightness. Third, optimize the indoor heating system energy saving.Further to increase the heating system planning.The piece of the residential development should adopt the centralized heating, household metering mode, according to heat more contributions approach. Water supply and drainage and electrical systems shall be used for energy-saving equipment, such as energy-saving lamps, water-saving sanitary utensil. Fourth, make full use of green energy.Solar energy, biomass energy, ocean can gang,and geothermal energy, according to local resources, suit one's measures to local conditions to do a good job in the development of green energy planning, to play its great potential, such as solar energy, firedamp technology application obtained very good economic benefits and environmental benefits.。

奔驰多功能显示器英文翻译和宝马各系统与模块英文译意奔驰各显示器英文中文意译ABS SYSTEM防抱死制动系统VISIT WORKSHOP!请到维修站DISPLAY FAULTY显示故障BATTERY/ALTERNATOR VIAIT WORKSHOP!蓄电池/发电机，请到梅赛德斯—奔驰服务中心！BRAKE ASSIST NOT AVAILABLE!制动辅助系统未工作! BRAKE PAD WEAR制动磨擦片磨损BRAKE FLUID制动液不足EL.POWER CONTROL电子功率控制（EPC）ELEC.STABIL.PROG.电控车辆稳定行驶系统（ESP）PARKING BRAKE驻车制动器RELEASE PARKING BRAKE!松开驻车制动器APPLY PARKING BRAKE!结合住车制动器TEL ENTER PIN输入电话个人识别码Transmission自动变速箱故障APPLY BRAKE!踩下制动器！SELECT GEAR AGAIN再次选档ENGAGE N挂上N档ENGAGE N START挂N档启动（以上四项为电控排档车辆）SEAT BELT SYSTEM VISIT WORKSHOP!座椅安全带系统，请到维修站！BOOT OPEN!尾门未关闭！COOLANT冷却液!CHECK LEVEL!检查液位！COOLANT STOPO.ENGINE OFF!停车，关闭发动机！DIPPED BEAM.L近光灯，左侧。

CCHECK LAMP!检查灯泡！DIPPED BEAM.R近光灯，右侧。

TRAILER TURN SIGNAL,L挂车转向灯，左侧。

TRAILER TURN SIGNAL,R挂车转向灯，右侧。

TRAILER BRAKE LAMP挂车制动灯。

TRAILER TAIL LIGHT,L挂车尾灯，左侧TRAILER TAIL LIGHT,R挂车尾灯，右侧AUTOM LIGHT ON REMOVE KEY!自动照明开启拔下钥匙。

随着现代社会建筑业和经济的发展，空调已成为人们生活中不可缺少的部分，已遍布社会的各个领域，对空调质量的要求也越来越高。

暖通空调技术发展迅速，取得了较好的社会反响，下面是搜索整理的暖通空调英文参考文献，欢迎借鉴参考。

暖通空调英文参考文献一： [1]. Foreign-Trade Zone (FTZ) 281--Miami, Florida; Authorization of Production Activity; Carrier InterAmerica Corporation (Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Systems); Miami, Florida[J]. The Federal Register / FIND,2016,81(238). [2]. Energy; New Energy Study Results Reported from Chengdu University (Study on the utilization of heat in the mechanically ventilated Trombe wall in a house with a central air conditioning and air circulation system)[J]. Energy Weekly News,2018. [3]. Volvo Truck Corporation; "Energy Consumption Of A Multiple Zone Heating, Ventilating And Air Conditioning System For A Vehicle And Method" in Patent Application Approval Process (USPTO 20180297443)[J]. Energy Weekly News,2018. [4]. Energy; Studies from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Provide New Data on Energy (Practical Factors of Envelope Model Setup and Their Effects On the Performance of Model Predictive Control for Building Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning ...)[J]. 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Impacts of air conditioning on air quality in tiny homes in Hong Kong[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2019,684. [20]Xu Zhu,Zhimin Du,Zhijie Chen,Xinqiao Jin,Xiaoqing Huang. Hybrid model based refrigerant charge fault estimation for the data centre air conditioning system[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration,2019. [21]Jixiang Wang,Xingying Chen,Jun Xie,Shuyang Xu,Kun Yu,Lei Gan. Dynamic control strategy of residential air conditioningsconsidering environmental and behavioral uncertainties[J]. Applied Energy,2019,250. [22]Jun Mei,Xiaohua Xia. Distributed control for a multi-evaporator air conditioning system[J]. Control EngineeringPractice,2019,90. [23]Feng Cheng,Xiu-Wei Li,Xiao-Song Zhang. Integral thermal and electrical energy utilization of the capacitive deionization regeneration method for absorption air-conditioning system[J]. Renewable Energy,2020,145. [24]Bourhan Tashtoush,Almutaz Ballah R. Algharbawi. Parametric study of a Novel Hybrid Solar Variable Geometry Ejector cooling with Organic Rankine Cycles[J]. Energy Conversion andManagement,2019,198. [25]Garrett J. Marshall,Colin P. Mahony,Matthew J. Rhodes,Steve R. Daniewicz,Nicholas Tsolas,Scott M. Thompson. Thermal Managementof Vehicle Cabins, External Surfaces, and Onboard Electronics: An Overview[J]. Engineering,2019. [26]M.A. Said,Hamdy HASSAN. A study on the thermal energy storage of different phase change materials incorporated with the condenser of air-conditioning unit and their effect on the unitperformance[J]. Energy & Buildings,2019,202. [27]Carsten Palkowski,Stefan von Schwarzenberg,Anne Simo. Seasonal cooling performance of air conditioners: The importance of independent test procedures used for MEPS and labels[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2019,104. [28]Mauro. Cannistraro,Michele Trancossi. 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The performance of a desiccant wheel air conditioning system with high-temperature chilled water from natural cold source[J]. Renewable Energy,2020,146. [48]Peter Niemann,Gerhard Schmitz. Experimental investigation ofa ground-coupled air conditioning system with desiccant assisted enthalpy recovery during winter mode[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2019,160. [49]Xi Wu,Chaobin Dang,Shiming Xu,Eiji Hihara. State of the art on the flammability of hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) refrigerants[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration,2019. [50]Bharat Soni,Ameeya Kumar Nayak. Effect of inspiration cycle and ventilation rate on heat exchange in human respiratoryairways[J]. Journal of Thermal Biology,2019,84. [51]A. Siricharoenpanich,S. Wiriyasart,R. Prurapark,P. Naphon. Effect of cooling water loop on the thermal performance of air conditioning system[J]. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering,2019. [52]Lun Zhang,Xia Song,Xiaosong Zhang. 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宝马汽车英文术语翻译TCU Telematics Control unit 电子信息系统控制单元TEL Telephone 电话TMBF Door module, front-passenger 前乘客侧车门模块TMBFH Door module, rear passenger-side 前乘客侧后车门模块TMFA Door module, driver 驾驶员车门模块TMFAH Door module, rear driver-side 驾驶员侧后车门模块ULF Universal charger and hands-free 通用充电和免提通话设备systemVM Video module 视频模块VTC Valvetronic Valvetronic 电子气门控制系统VTG Transfer case 分动器WIM Wiper module 刮水器模块ZGM Centre gateway module 中央网关模块ZV 中控锁缩写英语说明中文说明ABS Anti-lock braking system 防抱死系统ACSM Crash safety module 碰撞安全模块(源自Advanced Crash Safety Module高级碰撞安全块)AHL Adaptive headlights 自适应大灯AHM Trailer module 挂车模块AL Active steering 主动转向控制AMP Amplifier 功率放大器ANT Aerial tuner 天线转换器ARS Active roll stabilisation 主动式侧翻稳定装置(市场上的名称: Dynamic Drive 动态行驶稳定装置)ASC Automatic stability Controller 自动稳定控制ASK Audio system Controller 音频系统控制器BC 车载电脑BM On-board monitor 车载显示器BZM Control centre,centre console 中央操控中器BZMF Control centre,rear compartment 后座区中间扶手操控中心centrol armrestCA Comfort Access "无钥匙便捷上车及起动系统(便捷上车功能)"CAS Car access system 便捷进入及起动系统CCC Car Communication Computer Car Communication Computer CD Control display 控制显器CDC CD changer CD 光盘转换匣CID Central information display 中央信息显示器CIM Chassis integration module 底盘集成模块CON Controller 控制器CVM Convertible top module 敞篷车折叠式软顶模块DME Digital engine electronics 数字式发动机电子伺控系统DSC Dynamic stability Control 动态稳定控制DSP Digital sound processor 数码音响处理器DWA Anti-theft alarm system 防盗报警系统EDC Electronic damper control 电子减震控制系统EGS Electronic transmission control 电子变速箱控制系统EHC Electronic height control 电子高度控制系统EKP Fuel pump control 电动燃油泵ELV Electronic steering lock 电动转向联锁装置EMF Electro-mechanical parking brake 电动机械式驻车制动器EML Electronic engine-output control 发动机功率电子控制系统EPS Electro-mechanical power steering 电动机械式助力转向系统EWS Electronic immobiliser 电子禁启动防盗装置FCON Rear compartment Controller 后座区控制器FD Rear display 后座区显示器FKA Rear heating and air conditioning 后座区恒温空调FLA Main-beam assistant 远光灯辅助FRM Footwell module 脚部空间模块FZD Roof control panel 车顶功能中心GM General module 基本模块HDEV HDEV control unit (high pressure HDEV 控制单元(高压喷射阀) fuel injector)HKL T ailgate lift 后行李箱盖提升装置HKM T ailgate lift 后行李箱盖提升装置( E38 和E39后行李箱盖模块)HUD Head-up display 平视显示系统IBS Intelligent battery sensor 智能型蓄电池传感器IHKA Integrated automatic heating and 自动恒温空调air-conditioning systemIHKR Integrsted heating and 集成式手动恒温空调air-conditioning systemJBE Junction box electronics 接线盒电子装置KBM Body, basic module 车身标准模块KGM Body gateway module 车身网关模块KHI Headphone interface 耳机接口KOMBI Instrument cluster 组合仪表LDM Longitudinal dynamics management 纵向动态管理LM Light module 灯光模块M-ASK Multi-audio system controller 多音频系统控制器MFL Multifunction steering wheel 多功能方向盘MID Multi-information display 多功能信息显示器MPM Micro-power module 微型供电模块MRS Multiple reatraint system 多重乘员保护系统NAV Navigation system 导航系统PDC Park distance Control 驻车距离报警系统PM Power module 供电模块RAD Radio 收音机RDC Tyre pressure control 轮胎压力监控RLS Rain-light sensor 雨天/ 行车灯传感器RPA Run flat indicator 胎压报警指示SASL A-pillar satellite, left 左侧A 柱卫星式控制单元SASR A-pillar satellite, right 右侧A 柱卫星式控制单元SBSL B-pillar satellite, left 左侧B 柱卫星式控制单元SBSR B-pillar satellite, right 右侧B 柱卫星式控制单元SFZ Vehicle centre satellite 车辆中央卫星式控制单元SG-FD Rear compartment display control 后座区显示器控制单元unit SGM Safety and gateway module 安全和网关模块SHD Sliding/tilting suroof 活动天窗SIM Safety and information module 安全信息模块SINE Siren and tilt alarm sensor 报警器和倾斜报警传感器SMBF Seat module, front-passenger 前乘客侧座椅模块SMBFH Seat module, rear passenger-side前乘客侧后座椅模块SMFA Seat module,driver 驾驶员座椅模块SMFAH Seat module,rear driver-side驾驶员侧后部座椅模块SMG Sequential manual gearbox 自动换档控制的手动变速箱SSBF Front passenger seat satellite 前乘客座椅卫星式控制单元SSFA Driver's seat satellite 驾驶员座椅卫星式控制单元SSH Rear seat satellite 后部座椅卫星式控制单元STVL Door satellite, front left 左前车门卫星式控制单元STVR Door satellite, front right 右前车门卫星式控制单元SVS Voice recognition system 语音输入处理系统SZL Steering column switch 转向柱开关中心SZM Centre console switch cluster 中央控制台开关中心。

汽车工程基本专业术语（第1部分）Special Basic Term in Vehicle Engineering（Part 1）暖风与空调系统Heating and A/C System说明：这是本人编纂的《汽车工程基本专业术语》的一部分，暖风与空调系统部分。

词汇表的凡例，可在网络上找到。

张珏成2016年1月9日英汉对照部分A/C n. 空调（air condition，air-condition）e.g.：A/C blower，空调鼓风机；A/C compressor，空调压缩机；A/C compressor signal，空调压缩机信号；A/C control panel，空调控制面板；A/C receive-drier，[空调制冷剂] 储液干燥器；A/C signal，空调[机，器] 信号；A/C water temperature control switch，空调水温控制开关；illuminating light of A/C control panel，空调控制面板照明灯additional a. 附加的e.g.：additional designation，附加标志；additional size，附加规格（尺寸）；additional size designation，附加规格标志agent n.①起作用的原因；②药剂e.g.：drying agent，干燥剂air n. 空气e.g.：air breather，通气塞；air cleaner，空气滤清器；air-condition，1. n. 空调（A/C）；2. vt. & vi. [开、使用] 空调；air condition，空调（A/C）；air distributor，空气分布箱；airflow，n. 气流；airflow outlet，气流出口；airflow outlet of instrument panel，仪表板出风口；heating and air-conditioning system，暖风与空调系统alphabet n. 字母表e.g.：alphabetical，a. 按字母顺序的；alphabetically，ad. 按字母顺序地；alphabetize，vt. 按字母顺序排列、以字母表示；alphanumeric，a. 字母数字式的（计算机术语）；code alphabet，代码、代码字母；alternate vt. & vi. 交替，轮流e.g.：alternately，ad. 交替地、轮流地；alternating current，交流电；alternation，n. 交替、轮流；alternative，a. 替代的；alternator，n. 交流发电机；electromagnetic alternating field，[交变]电磁场comparison：alter，vt. 修改、改变、改建aspect n. 方向e.g.：axis aspect，轴向axis n. 轴线e.g.：axis aspect，轴向comparison：axle，n. 轮轴，车轴axle 车桥，车轴e.g.：front axle，前桥；rear axle，后桥comparison：axis，n. 轴线base n. 基础，根基，底部，基座，底座e.g.：valve base，阀座belt1. n. 皮带，带子，带状物e.g.：belt pulley，皮带轮；multi-wedge belt，多楔皮带；multi-wedge belt pulley，多楔带带轮；seatbelt，安全带2. vt. 用带扎住e.g.：belted，a. 扎成带状的blow[blew，blown] vt. & vi. 吹[风]e.g.：A/C blower，空调鼓风机；blower，n. 鼓风机；blowing rate，风量；blowing rate button，风量旋钮；decelerating resistance of blower，鼓风机减速电阻body n.① [机]体，机座，基座，（罐、底座、机器等）[主]体e.g.：body for refrigerant，制冷剂罐体；body of combination switch，组合开关座体；control valve body，控制阀体②车身boot n. 靴子e.g.：damping rubber boot，减振橡胶套；rubber boot，橡胶套bore n. ①孔；②孔（缸）径bottom n.①底部e.g.：cupped shell with holes at bottom，底部带孔的杯壳②基础，基座，基体breathe vt. & vi. 呼吸e.g.：air breather，通气塞；breather，n. 呼吸机（器）；breathless，a. 无呼吸的comparison：breast，n. 胸部；breath，n. 呼吸button n. 旋钮，按钮e.g.：blowing rate button，风量旋钮；cabin n. 船舱，机舱，车厢e.g.：cabin temperature switch，车厢温度开关canal n. 通道，管道，（食道的、气管的）管e.g.：filter net of suction canal，进风罩（道）滤网；suction cana1，进风罩（道）；suction canal filter，进风罩（道）滤网comparison：tube，n. 管子cap n. 盖（子）e.g.：cap plate，盖板；cap plate with holes，多孔盖板，带孔的盖板capability n. 能力，才能e.g.：capable，a. 有能力的、有才能的、能干的；capably，ad. 有能力地、有才能地、能干地；ratedrefrigeration capability，额定制冷量（能力）；refrigeration capability制冷量comparison：incapable，a. 无能力的、无才能的、不能干的；incapably，ad. 无能力地、无才能地、不能干地；incapability，n. 无能力，无才能capacity n. ①容积，容量；②[储]油量，[储]液量e.g.：lubricant capacity，润滑油容量；refrigerating capacity，制冷量car n. [小]汽车e.g.：passenger car，乘用车；轿车；car key，汽车钥匙center n. 中心，中央，核心（美语。