2015英语专业四级考试全真模拟试题及答案(1)

2015英语专四词汇语法模拟题练习及答案解析（一）2015年英语专业英语四级考试已进入冲刺阶段，适当做些模拟练习题有助于同学们在考前着重复习自己的弱项，希望百度文库整理的2015英语专四词汇语法模拟题练习及答案解析能给同学们带来帮助。

1.____in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.A. Unpopular has as white beenB. White has been as unpopularC. Unpopular has been as whiteD. Unpopular as white has been2.____for a long time, the fields are all dried up.A. There has been no rainB. Having no rainC. There having been no rainD. There being no rain3. The millions of calculations involved, ____by hand, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.A. had they been doneB. they had been doneC. having been doneD. they were done4. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at theexact moment____.A. which they are happeningB. they are happeningC. which they happenD. they have happened5.____me most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet.A. That amazedB. It amazedC. Which amazedD. What amazed6. Although she wrote a lot of short stories and poems when she was very young, ____she was twenty five.A. her first real success did not come untilB. her real first success came until notC. since her first real success did not come untilD. not until her first real success7. You should know better than____ your little sister at home by herself.A. to leaveB. leavingC. to have leftD. left8. As the train will not leave until one hour later, we ____grab a bite at the snack bar.A. may wellB. just as wellC. might as wellD. as well9. She resorted to ____ when she had no money to buy foodsfor her children.A. have stolenB. stealC. stoleD. stealing10. The boy has admitted to ____ the window while playing football yesterday.A. breakingB. having been brokenC. breakD. be breaking试题答案与解析1. D) 【句意】虽然白色过去不受欢迎，但目前它是婚纱的首选颜色。

2015年6月份英语四级标准模拟试题及答案详解Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic To Be Civilized Tourists. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 随着旅游人数增多，游客不文明现象突增2. 分析此现象造成的不良影响3. 提倡大家做文明游客To Be Civilized Tourists_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.BiodiversityGenerally speaking, the greatest degree of species diversity is found in the warm tropical habitats (the natural homes of plants or animals) nearest the equator. Diversity is lower in the Earth's temperate zones, and lowest in the polar regions, a phenomenon known as the latitudinal gradient (纬度倾斜度) of biodiversity. And the species richness of land ecosystems (生态系统) also decreases at higher elevations.High amounts of annual rainfall also correlate to richer diversity in land habitats, with the highest concentration of different species found in the tropical rainforests. The most diverse marine ecosystems are located on the ocean's continental shelves, although deep-sea habitats also demonstrate significant species richness.Rainforests And Coral ReefsScience has yet to explain the remarkable degree of species diversity found in tropical rainforests and coral reefs. The answers to this ecological mystery involve both the origins of diversity through evolution and the maintenance of species diversity.Tropical rainforests cover approximately 9 million square kilometers — a decrease of about 45% since man's arrival. Although they account for only about 6% of the world's land surface, these highly diverse ecosystems contain over half of all living species. Some researchers place that figure as high as 90%, based on estimates of the number of microorganisms and insects believed to populate the rainforests. Likewise, approximately one quarter of marine species are thought toreside on the ocean's coral reefs.Sadly, man is cutting and burning the world's rainforests at a rate of approximately 100,000 square kilometers annually. As Edward Wilson explains, this amounts to the destruction of an area of rainforest equal to the size of a football field every second. He conservatively estimates that between 0. 2% and 0. 3% of rainforest species — that is 4,000 to 6,000 individual species — are lost each year from deforestation alone. This is 10,000 times the rate of natural extinction which occurred before human intervention. The problem is so severe that, in 1990, the independent Science Advisory Board of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency named habitat loss and species extinction as two of the world's most critical environmental problems.Threats To BiodiversityThe threats to biodiversity are myriad (无数的), but most are the direct or indirect result of human activity.Population growth and migration, overexploitation, and the lack of sustainable resource consumption policies continue to stress sensitive ecosystems. Some of the highest rates of growth are occurring in the Earth's species-rich tropical regions. For example, 75 million people already inhabit the rainforests of the Upper Amazonia and Guyana Shield in South America, the Congo Basin in Africa, and the New Guinea/Melanesian Islands between Asia and Australia, and their populations are continuing to expand at nearly 250% of the world average.The destruction of natural habitats to accommodate population growth and migration is the single largest factor in the loss of species and even entire ecosystems. In the continental United States alone, 98% of virgin forests and 51% of natural wetlands have been destroyed. However, lesser human intrusions, such as the removal of a single native population or the introduction of a non-native species can also severely disrupt the functioning of natural ecosystems, due to the complex nature of their interrelationships and processes.Human activity also produces pollution and contamination which can affect all levels of biodiversity. Poisonous substances released into our air and water not only impact regional ecosystems, but can extend their harmful effects beyond state and national borders, as in the case of acid rain. Continued discharge of other substances into the atmosphere, though not necessarily poisonous, leads to the ozone depletion in the stratosphere and increased penetration of ultraviolet radiation to the land and ocean.Scientists have identified the “greenhouse effects”, where increase d levels of carbon dioxide, methane, and other gases capture heat within the Earth's atmosphere. This climatic global warming is of particular concern in the cold temperate and polar regions, where possible climatic shifts could leave behind entire ranges of plant and animal species. Because climatic changes would be most severe near the poles, entire Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems could be threatened with extinction.Carbon released from the burning of fossil fuels and natural habitats is a key cause of global warming. According to a 1992 report by the U. S. Office of Technology Assessment, the burning of tropical forests outside the United States accounted for approximately 25% of all carbon released into the atmosphere during the preceding decade.Global climate changes can alter the environment and disrupt ecosystems, resulting in loss of species and populations that are unable to either migrate or adapt to new ecological conditions. The ultimate effects of these climate changes are unknown but risk potentially serious consequences for humans as well as other species.Certainly over millions of years species adapted to alternative climatic warming and cooling, the expansion or shrinkage of continental shelves and the invasion of new competitors and parasites. Those that could not change became extinct, but at such a relatively slow rate that other better-adapted species evolved to replace them. In the midst of endless turnover, the balance of life was sustained. But now the velocity of change is too great for life to handle, and the balance has been disturbed. It has reached dangerously high levels within a single human life span, merely a tick in geological time. Humanity is creating a radical new environment too quickly to allow the species to adjust. Species need thousands or millions of years to assemble complex genetic adaptations. Most of life is consequently at risk. We are at risk.1. The lower the latitude and altitude are, the higher the degree of species diversity on land can always be found.2. The area of tropical rainforests has decreased by 45% or so since man's arrival.3. Tropical rainforests are home to all land-living plant and animal species on Earth.4. According to Edward Wilson, man's cutting and burning alone makes annual loss of thousands of individualrainforest species.5. The fastest growth of threats caused by human activity to biodiversity is usually happening in species-rich tropicalregions.6. The vast majority of virgin forests and about half of natural wetlands have been destroyed in the continental US.7. Entire Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems are threatened with extinction, for climatic changes are most severe nearthe poles.1. [Y] [N] [NG]2. [Y] [N] [NG]3. [Y] [N] [NG]4. [Y] [N] [NG]5. [Y] [N] [NG]6. [Y] [N] [NG]7. [Y] [N] [NG]8. Acid rain is one of the poisonous substances which not only extends its harmful effects beyond state and national borders, but impacts ___________________________.9. Loss of species and populations failure to migrate or to adapt to new ecological conditions can be caused by___________________________.10. Over millions of years the speed of less-adapted species that were replaced by other better-adapted ones were___________________________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. [A] Both speakers think half of the staff are efficient.[B] The woman has a favorable opinion of the staff.[C] Neither of them has a favorable opinion of the staff.[D] The woman is a restaurant manager herself.12. [A] In a bike parking lot.[B] At a bike repair shop.[C] In a bike showroom.[D] In a bike factory.13. [A] Shop for new clothes.[B] Lose some weight.[C] Have his jeans altered.[D] Wear clothes that fit more tightly.14. [A] Paul should take over his uncle's business now.[B] He doesn't agree with the woman's remarks.[C] Paul should stay another year for his studies.[D] He felt upset by Paul's hasty decision.15. [A] Go cross the bridge.[B] Repeat the experiment.[C] Come to the bridge game.[D] Wait and see what will happen.16. [A] It wasn't good investment.[B] It should have lasted longer.[C] The man should buy new parts for it.[D] The man won't be able to get it repaired.17. [A] Nick repaired it himself.[B] Nick now works in a garage.[C] Nick had his motorcycle fixed.[D] Nick wasted his money.18. [A] He wishes to have more courses like it.[B] He finds it hard to follow the teacher.[C] He wishes the teacher would talk more.[D] He doesn't like the teacher's accent.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] The man's pay raise.[B] A career ladder for the man.[C] The man's education.[D] A new chance for everyone to be promoted.20. [A] Three years.[B] Four years.[C] Five years.[D] Six years.21. [A] The person who has the strong will.[B] The person who has attended the adult school.[C] The person who can pass the test of arithmetic.[D] The person who can work at computers quickly after a two-day training.22. [A] The man is eager to attend the training.[B] The man is not very interested in this chance for promotion.[C] The man has been training for computer work since last year.[D] The man is not confident in his chance to be promoted to the Grade 7.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] To see his tutor for help.[B] To help the woman with her report.[C] To find some materials for his essay.[D] To read books on the effect of smoking by parents on their children.24. [A] The computer doesn't work properly.[B] Peter is writing an essay on environment.[C] Mary is much better than Peter in using computers.[D] Peter is taking a computer class which is helpful.25. [A] Standing in the queue.[B] Waiting for a free computer.[C] Asking his tutor to recommend him some books.[D] Using the computer to find the needed information.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] Remember the entire trade route.[B] Know the making of products.[C] Receive certain special training.[D] Deal with a lot of difficulties.27. [A] Because it was made up of different routes.[B] Because silk trading became less popular.[C] Because sea travel provided easier routes.[D] Because people needed fewer foreign goods.28. [A] Because people learned from one another.[B] Because people shared each other's beliefs.[C] Because people traded goods along the route.[D] Because people earned their living by traveling.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. [A] They worry about school.[B] They dislike living with their parents.[C] They have to be locked in to avoid troubles.[D] They quarrel a lot with other family members.30. [A] They don't want to make family decisions.[B] They don't want to share family responsibility.[C] They don't want to go boating with their family.[D] They don't want to cause trouble in their families.31. [A] They give their children more freedom.[B] They care less about their children's life.[C] They are much stricter with their children.[D] They go to clubs more often with their children.32. [A] Negotiation in family.[B] Education in family.[C] Harmony in family.[D] Teenage trouble in family.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. [A] Because Amery was fond of games.[B] Because Amery was of similar size.[C] Because Amery was good at sports.[D] Because Amery looked like an animal.34. [A] Because he was laughed at by other boys.[B] Because he pushed Amery hard and hurt him.[C] Because he played a joke on an outstanding athlete.[D] Because Amery turned out to be in the same grade.35. [A] The writer could run faster than Amery.[B] The writer liked playing on boys of all sizes.[C] Amery was a student in Grade Four.[D] Amery forgave the writer for his rude behavior.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Sixteen-year-old Michael Viscardsi of San Diego won first prize in the Siemens Westinghouse Competition in Math, Science and Technology. He showed (36) _______ to a nineteen-century math problem.Michael has been (37) _______ by his mother, who has a doctorate in neuroscience. He also worked on his project with a professor at a university.The National Center for Education Statistics did its (38) _______ research on home-schooling in 2003. Researchers (39) _______ that more than one million American students learned at home. That was more than two percent of the school-age population.Michael Viscardsi, for example, has been taught mostly at home, but with (40) _______ math classes at a local university.The researchers asked parents why they home-schooled their children. Thirty-one percent said the most important reason was (41) about the environment of the local schools. Thirty percent said it was to provide (42) _______ instruction. Sixteen percent said they were not satisfied with the quality of the (43) _______ in the local schools.(44)_____________________________________________________________________________________.An education expert said much of this increase was in cities with histories of racial tension. Also, (45)_______________________________________________________________________________ ______________.Critics of home-schooling say children need to attend school to help them learn social skills. They also say that home-schooled children do not get a very good education. Still, (46) _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Money doesn't buy happiness, and now there's a study to prove it. Australian researchers found that people in well-off Sydney are among the most miserable in the country, while those in some of the 47 areas are much more satisfied with their lives. “Only a t very, very high levels does money actually have any impact to act as a buffer (起缓冲作用的物),”said Deakin University researcher Liz Eckerman. “Money doesn't actually buy happiness and that's what was shown very 48 for the nearly 23,000 people we've 49 so far,” she told ABC radio.The findings, collated（比较）since 2001, 50 that while there are no extremes of well-being in Australia, the happiest areas had a lower population, more people aged 55 or over, more women, more married people and 51 income inequality. The survey 52 a person's satisfaction with their standard of living, health, relationships, life achievement, safety, community connection and future 53 ______. Robert Cummins, a professor of psychology at Deakin who compiled the survey's scorecard, put the 54 down to the higher cost of housing and high population 55 in cities. “People in these rural areas often have the advantage of 56 disposable income since the cost of living, particularly housing, tends to be reduced outside the cities,” he told The Australian newspaper.Of the 150 national electorates (选区) surveyed, one of the nation's poorest, Wide Bay in rural Queensland, was among the happiest.[A] interviewed [F] additional[K] less[B] actually [G] more[L] excess[C] explore [H] density[M] poorest[D] security [I] show[N] clearly[E] richest [J] difference[O] assessedSection BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.For years there have been endless articles stating that scientists are on the verge of achieving artificial intelligence, and that it is just around the corner. The truth is that it may be just around the corner, but they haven't yet found the right clock.Artificial intelligence aims to build machines that can think. One immediate problem is to define thought, which is harder than you might think. The specialists in the field of artificial intelligence complain, with some justification, that anything that their machines do is dismissed as not being thought. For example, computers can now play very, very good chess. They can't beat the greatest players in the world, but they can beat just about anybody else. If a human being played chess at this level, he or she would certainly be considered smart. Why not a machine? The answer is that the machine doesn't do anything clever in playing chess. It uses its blinding speed to do a brute-force (残忍的) search of all possible moves for several moves ahead, evaluates the outcomes and picks the best. Humans don't play chess that way. They see patterns, which computers don't.This wooden approach to thought characterizes machine intelligence. Computers have no judgment, no flexibility, and no common sense. So-called expert systems, one of the hottest areas in artificial intelligence, aim to mimic the reasoning processes of human experts in a limited field, such as medical diagnosis or weather forecasting. There may be limited commercial applications for this sort of thing, but there is no way to make a machine think about anything under the sun, which a teenager can do. The hallmark (特征) of artificial intelligence to date is that if a problem is severely restricted, a machine can achieve limited success. But when the problem is expanded to a realistic one, computers fall flat on their display screens. For example, machines can understand a few words spoken individually by a speaker that they have been trained to hear. They cannot understand continuous speech using an unlimited vocabulary spoken by just any speaker.57. From the passage we know that the author ______.[A] thinks that scientists are about to achieve artificial intelligence[B] doubts whether scientists can ever achieve artificial intelligence[C] does not think that scientists have found real artificial intelligence[D] is sure that scientists have achieved artificial intelligence58. We learn from the second paragraph that ______.[A] the writer thinks that the specialists' complains have some reasons[B] anything that the computer does can be regarded as thought[C] it is not very difficult to define thought[D] computers play chess in exactly the same way as humans59. The advantage of the computer in playing chess lies in its ______.[A] cleverness in thinking out original moves[B] ability to pick up the best out of all possible moves very quickly[C] flexibility in choosing several different moves[D] ability to see patterns60. The characteristic of machine intelligence is its ______.[A] correct judgment[B] high flexibility[C] ability to think about anything[D] rigid approach to thought61. Which of the following statements about computers is true according to the passage?[A] Computers can beat any chess player in the world.[B] Computers can never be used to forecast weather.[C] Computers can be trained to understand some words spoken by a speaker.[D] Computers can be made to think as a teenager does.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Mobility of individual members and family groups tends to split up family relationships. Occasionally the movement of a family away from a situation which has been the source of conflict results in greater family organization, but on the whole, mobility is disorganizing.Individuals and families are involved in three types of mobility-movement in space, movement up or down in social status, and the movement of ideas. These are termed respectively spatial (空间的), vertical, and ideational (概念的) mobility.A great increase in spatial mobility has gone along with improvements in rail and water transportation, the invention and use of the automobile, and the availability of airplane passenger service. Spatial mobility results in a decline in the importance of the traditional home with its emphasis on family continuity and stability. Even more important is the fact that spatial mobility permits some members of a family to come in contact with and possibly adopt attitudes, values, and ways of thinking different from those held by other family members. The presence of different attitudes, values, and ways of thinking within a family may, and often does, result in conflict and family disorganization. Potential disorganization is present in those families in which the husband, wife, and children are spatially separated over a long period, or are living together but see each other only briefly because of different work schedules.One index of the increase in vertical mobility is the great increase in the proportion of sons, and to some extent daughters, who engage in occupations other than those of the parents. Another index of vertical mobility is the degree of intermarriage between social classes. This occurs almost exclusively between classes which are adjacent (邻近的) to each other. Engaging in a different occupation, or intermarriage, like spatial mobility, allows one to come in contact with ways of behavior different from those of the parental home, and tends to separate parents and their children.The increase in ideational mobility is measured by the increase in publications, such as newspapers, magazines, and books, the increase in the percentage of the population owning radios, and the increase in television sets. All these tend to introduce new ideas into the home. When individual family members are exposed to and adopt the new ideas, the tendency is for conflict to arise and for those in conflict to become psychologically separated from each other.62. What the passage tells us can be summarized by the statement that ______.[A] potential disorganization is present in the American family[B] family disorganization is more or less the result of mobility[C] the movement of a family is one of the factors in raising its social status[D] social development results in a decline in the importance of traditional families63. According to the passage, those who live in a traditional family ______.[A] can get more help from their family members if they are in trouble[B] will have more freedom of action and thought if they move away from it[C] are less likely to quarrel with others because of conventionality and stability[D] have to depend on their relatives and friends if they do not move away from it64. Potential disorganization exists in those families in which ______.[A] both parents have to work full time[B] the husband, wife, and children work too hard[C] the family members are subject to social pressures[D] the husband, wife, and children seldom get together65. Intermarriage and different occupations play an important role in family disorganization because ______.[A] they enable the children to travel around without their parents[B] they allow one to find a good job and improve one's social status[C] they permit one to come into contact with different ways of behavior and thinking[D] they enable the children to better understand the ways of behavior of their parents66. This passage suggests that a well-organized family is a family whose members ______.[A] often help each other with true love and affection[B] are not psychologically withdrawn from one another[C] never quarrel with each other even when they disagree[D] exposed to the same new ideas introduced by books, radios, and TV setsPart V Cloze(15 minutes) Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.The normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 78 hours. Sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours 67 and that the sleep normally coincides 68 the hours of darkness. Our present 69 is with how easily and to what extent this 70 can be modified.The question is no mere academic one. The case with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a 71 of growing importance in industry where automation 72 for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally 73 from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a 74 routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and 67. [A] weakness [B] fairness[C] wakefulness [D] goodness68. [A] in [B] with [C] of[D] over69. [A] care [B] attention [C] intention[D] concern70. [A] cycle [B] period [C] circle[D] round71. [A] problem [B] difficulty[C] trouble[D] matter72. [A] asks [B] invites[C] calls[D] reacts73. [A] takes [B] spends[C] demands[D] asks74. [A] former [B] returned[C] reversed [D] regular75. [A] Therefore [B]。

英语四级考试全套模拟试题2015年英语四级考试全套模拟试题单项选择题1、根据以下资料，回答题：Drink from plastic bottles can raise the body's levels of a controversial "gender-bending" chemical by more than two thirds, according to tests.Experts have been concerned about the possible health effects of bisphenolA (BPA.--an everyday chemical used in many plastic food and drink containers and tins as well as clear baby bottles--which is officially classified as toxic in some countries.A study found that participants who drank for a week from polycarbonate (聚碳酸酯) bottles showed a 69 percent increase in their urine (尿液) of BPA.Researchers did not say how much liquid was drunk per day.Researchers from Harvard School ofPublic Health studied 77 students, who had first undergone a seven-day "washout" phase in which theydrank all cold beverages (饮料) from stainless steel bottles in order to minimise BPA exposure.They were then given two polycarbonate bottles and asked to drink all cold beverages from themduring the next week.Previous studies have suggested that high levels of BPA consumption are linked tobirth defects, growth problems and an increased risk of heart disease.In particular there are fears thatheating the bottles, as parents would do when warming their baby's milk, causes the chemical to leak inpotentially dangerous quantities into the liquid contained within."If you heat those bottles, as is the case with baby bottles, we would expect the levels to beconsiderably higher.This wouldbe of concern since infants may be particularly susceptible to BPA'shormone gland-disrupting (扰乱腺体极速分泌) potential." said the senior author of the latest study, Karin B.Michels.Most adults carry BPA in their bodies but expert opinion on the risks is divided.The European Food Safety Authority believes that people naturally convert the chemical into less harmful substances in the body.Previous studies had found that BPA could leach (渗出 ) from polycarbonate bottles into theircontents, but this study is the first to show the size of the corresponding increase in urinary BPAconcentrations in humans.Harvard researcher Jenny Carwile said, "While previous studies have demonstrated that BPA is linkedto adverse health effects, this study fills in a missing piece of the puzzle--whether or not polycarbonateplastic bottles are an important contributor to the amount of BPA in the body."What do we know about bisphenol A (BPA.from the beginning of the passage?A.It is certain substance taken in by human beings every day.B.It is a component contained in a number of plastic products.C.It is an element that plays a decisive role in people's gender.D.It is a kind of chemical that is universally regarded poisonous.2、Questions are based on the following passage.To get a sense of how women have progressed in science, take a quick tour of the physics department at the University of California, Berkeley. This is a storied place, the 36 of some of the most important discoveries in modern science--starting withErnest Lawrence's invention of the cyclotron (回旋加速器.in1931.A generation ago, female faces were 37 and, even today, visitors walking through the first floor of LeConte Hall will see a full corridor of exhibits 38 the many distinguished physicists who made history here, 39 all of them white males.But climb up to the third floor and you'll see a 40 display. There, among the photos of current faculty members and students, are portraits of the 41 head of the department, Marjorie Shapiro, and four other women whose research 42 everything from the mechanics of the universe to the smallest particles of matter. A sixth woman was hired just two weeks ago. Although they're still only about 10 percent of the physics faculty, women are clearly a presence here. And the real 43 may be in the smaller photos to the right: graduate and undergraduate students, about 20 percent of them female. Every year Berkeley sends its fresh female physics PhDs to the country's top universities. That makes Shapiro optimistic, but also 44 "I believe things are getting better," she says, "but they're not getting better as 45 as I would like.A.circumstanceB.confidenceC.coversD.currentE.dealsF.differentG.exposingH.fastI.honoringJ.hopeK.presentlyL.rareM.realisticN.siteO.virtually第36题应填____3、略4、Questions are based on the following passage.The mobile phone is a magic device widely used these days. Although it has been nearly 30 years since the first commercial mobile-phone network was launched, advertisers have yet to figure out how to get their ___36___ out to mobile-phone users in a big way. There are 2.2 billion cell-phone users worldwide, a ___37___ that is growing by about 25% each year. Yet spending on ads carried over cell-phone networks l’t year ___38___ to just $ 1.5 billion worldwide, a fraction of the $ 424 billion global ad market.But as the number of eyeballs glued to ___39___ screens multiplies, so too does the mobile phone's value as a pocket billboard (广告的). Consumers are ___40___ using their phones for things other than voice calls, such as text messaging, downloading songs and games, and ___41___ the Internet. By 2010,70 million Asians are expected to be watching videos and TV programs on mobile phones. All of these activities give advertisem ___42___ options for reaching audiences. During soccer's World Cup last summer, for example, Adidas used real-time scores and games to ___43___ thousands of fans to a website set up for mobile-phone access. "Our target audience was males aged 17 to 25 ," says Marcus Spurrell, Adidas regional manager for Asia. "Their mobiles are always on, always in their pocket-you just can't ___44___. cell phones as an advertising tool. " Mobile-phone marketing has become as ___45___ a platform as TV, online or print.A.accessingB.amountedC.approachingD.attractE.casualF.charactexsG.freshH.ignoreI.increasinglyJ.messagesK.patientlyL.tinyM.totalN.violatedO.vital第36题为( )5、根据以下资料，回答题：Wbrld Must Adapt to Unknown Climate FutureA.There is still great uncertainty about the impacts of climate change，according to the latest report from the Intefgovernmental Panel on Climate Change，released today.So if we are to survive and prosper, rather than trying to fend off specific threats like cyclones，we must build flexible and resilient(有弹性的)societies.B.Today’s report is the second of three instalments(分期连载)of the IPCC’s fifth assessment of climate change.The first instalment，released last year,covered the physical science of climate change.It stated with increased certainty that climatechange is happenin9，and that it is the result of humanity’s greenhouse gas emissions.The new report focuses on the impacts of climate change and how to adapt to them.The third instalment，on how to cut greenhouse gas emissions，comes out in April.C.The latest report backs off from some of the predictions made in the previous IPCC report，in 2007.During the final editing process.the authors also retreated from many of the more confident projections from the final draft，leaked last year.The IPCC now says it often cannot predict which specific impacts of climate change—such as droughts，storms or floods——will hit particular places.D.Instead，the IPCC focuses on how people call adapt in the face of uncertainty,arguing that we must become resilient against diverse changes in the c limate.“The natural human tendency is to want things to be clear and simple.”says the report’s co-chair Chris Field of the Carnegie Institution for Science in Stanford，Califomia.“And one of the messages that doesn’t just come from the IPCC，it comes from history,is that the future doesn’t ever turn out the way you think it will be.”That means，Field adds，that‘'being prepared for a wide range of possible futures is iust always smart”.E.Here New Scientist breaks down what is new in the report，and what it means for humanity’s efforts to cope with a changing climate.A companion article，“How climate change will affect where you live”，highlights some of the key impacts that different regions are facing.What has changed in the new IPCC report?F.In essence，the predictions are intentionally vaguer.Much of the firlner language from the 2007 report about exactly whatkind of weather to expect，and how changes witl affect people，has been replaced with more cautious statements.The scale and timing of many regional impacts，and even the form of some，now appear uncertain.G.For example，the 2007 report predicted that the intensity of cyclones over Asia would increase by 10to 20 per cent.The new report makes no such claim.Similarly,the last report estimated that climate change would force up to a quarter of a billion Africans into water shortage by the end of this decade.The new report avoids using such firm numbers.H.The report has even watered down many of the more confident predictions that appeared in the lcaked drafts.Refer ences to“hundreds of millions”of people being affected by rising sea levels have been removed from the summary,as have statements about the impact of warmer temperatures on crops.“I think it's gone back a bit，”says Jean Palutikof of Griffith University in Brisbane，Queensland，Australia，who worked on the 2007 report.“That may be a good thing.In the fourth [climate assessment]we tried to do things that weren’t really possible and the fifth has sort of rebalanced the whole thing.”So do we know less than we did before?。

2015英‎语专四听力‎模拟试题及‎答案（1）Part Ⅱ LISTE‎N ING COMPR‎E HENS‎I ONIn Secti‎o ns A, B and C you will hear every‎t hing‎ONCE ONLY. Liste‎n caref‎u lly and then answe‎r the quest‎i ons that follo‎w. Mark the corre‎c t answe‎r to each quest‎i on on your answe‎r sheet‎.SECTI‎O N A CONVE‎R SATI‎O NSIn this secti‎o n you will hear sever‎a l conve‎r sati‎o ns. Liste‎n to the conve‎r sati‎o ns caref‎u lly and then answe‎r the quest‎i ons that follo‎w.Quest‎i ons 1 to 4 are based‎on the follo‎w ing conve‎r sati‎o n. At the end of the conve‎r sati‎o n, you will be given‎20 secon‎d s to answe‎r the quest‎i ons. Now liste‎n to the conve‎r sati‎o n.1. What is the purpo‎s e of this conve‎r sati‎o n?A. The man wants‎to obtai‎n an inter‎n atio‎n al drive‎r's licen‎s e that he can use both in the U. S. and in his count‎r y.B. The man wants‎to take a drive‎r's test to get an Arizo‎n a drive‎r's licen‎s e.C. The man wants‎to know wheth‎e r he can use his inter‎n atio‎n al drive‎r's licen‎s e in Arizo‎n a.D. The man wants‎to fill out an appli‎c atio‎n for ma Arizo‎n a drive‎r's licen‎s e.2. What does the man have to do in order‎to drive‎legal‎l y?A. Show his stude‎n t ID and pay ten dolla‎r s.B. Use his inter‎n atio‎n al drive‎r's licen‎s e.C. Take a drive‎r's test and apply‎for a limit‎e d licen‎s e.D. Show proof‎of tempo‎r ary resid‎e nce.3. How long is a limit‎e d licen‎s e valid‎for?A. Less than one year.B. Four years‎.C. Five years‎.D. Ten years‎.4. What will the man must proba‎b ly do next?A. Fill out an appli‎c atio‎n.B. Go back to the unive‎r sity‎to get his ID.C. Go to see his frien‎d.D. Take a writt‎e n exam and an eye exam.Quest‎i ons 5 to 7 are based‎on the follo‎w ing conve‎r sati‎o n. At the endof the conve‎r sati‎o n, you will be given‎15 secon‎d s to answe‎r the quest‎i ons. Now liste‎n to the conve‎r sati‎o n.5. Why is Phil worri‎e d?A. He faile‎d his last test.B. He can't find his watch‎.C. He's takin‎g exami‎n atio‎n s soon.D. He misse‎d his medic‎a l check‎u p.6. Why does Phil turn to Sally‎for advic‎e?A. She is older‎than he is.B. She has been throu‎g h a simil‎a r exper‎i ence‎.C. She is a medic‎a l stude‎n t.D. She has a sense‎of humor‎.7. What does the unive‎r sity‎offer‎to stude‎n ts in Phil's condi‎t ion?A. The home telep‎h one numbe‎r of a couns‎e lor.B. A lectu‎r e on" Stude‎n ts in Distr‎e ss.C. A book on how to pass exami‎n atio‎n s.D. A cours‎e on how to cope with stres‎s.Quest‎i ons 8 to 10 are based‎on the follo‎w ing conve‎r sati‎o n. At the endof the conve‎r sati‎o n, you will be given‎15 secon‎d s to answe‎r the quest‎i ons. Now liste‎n to the conve‎r sati‎o n.8. Which‎of the follo‎w ing state‎m ents‎is TRUE about‎Lisa?A. Lisa is whom the man is speak‎i ng to.B. Lisa is the girl whom the man dated‎two years‎ago.C. Lisa is the girl who wrote‎this song.D. Lisa is a girl whose‎name appea‎r s in one of the man's song.9. Why did the man break‎up with his girlf‎r iend‎?A. Becau‎s e her dad did not like him.B. Becau‎s e she neede‎d to finis‎h her colle‎g e.C. Becau‎s e he had a busy caree‎r.D. Becau‎s e her dad threa‎t ened‎not to suppo‎r t her colle‎g e educa‎t ion.10. Why didn't the man get a call from her forme‎r girl frien‎d?A. Becau‎s e she proba‎b ly didn't get his messa‎g e.B. Becau‎s e they could‎not track‎down each other‎.C. Becau‎s e she proba‎b ly had no idea about‎where‎he is.D. The man had no idea about‎the reaso‎n.SECTI‎O N B PASSA‎G ESIn this secti‎o n, you will hear sever‎a l passa‎g es. Liste‎n to the passa‎g es caref‎u lly and then answe‎r the quest‎i ons that follo‎w.Quest‎i ons 11 to 13 are based‎on the follo‎w ing passa‎g e. At the end of the passa‎g e, you will be given‎15 secon‎d s to answe‎r the quest‎i ons. Now liste‎n to the passa‎g e.11. We can infer‎from the speak‎e r thatA. IBM was his first‎job.B. he has left IBM.C. he is a clien‎t of IBM.D. he's a membe‎r of IBM.12. In the opini‎o n of the speak‎e r, the netwo‎r k techn‎o logy‎A. is still‎in its early‎stage‎.B. is still‎contr‎o lled‎by a small‎group‎of skill‎e d profe‎s sion‎a ls.C. still‎can't be calle‎d as a new mass mediu‎m.D. can't he calle‎d as a trans‎f orma‎t iona‎l techn‎o logy‎.13. Which‎of the follo‎w ing state‎m ents‎conce‎r ning‎the Inter‎n et is TRUE.A. There‎are above‎900,000 milli‎o n peopl‎e on-line 5 years‎after‎thebirth‎of the Inter‎n et.B. The numbe‎r of Inter‎n et users‎has doubl‎e d since‎last Novem‎b er.C. The Inter‎n et popul‎a tion‎in China‎will be more than 100 milli‎o n by 2005.D. The Inter‎n et popul‎a tion‎outsi‎d e China‎will decre‎a se in the follo‎w ing years‎.Quest‎i ons 14 to 16 are based‎on the follo‎w ing passa‎g e. At the end of the passa‎g e, you will be given‎15 secon‎d s to answe‎r the quest‎i ons. Now liste‎n to the passa‎g e.14. How many hours‎does Natio‎n al Savin‎g Bank offer‎the part-timer‎to do per week?A. 4 hours‎.B. 20 hours‎.C. 24 hours‎.D. More than 4 hours‎.15. What kind of help will the conse‎l ors offer‎to those‎stude‎n ts?A. Refin‎e their‎inter‎v iewi‎n g techn‎i ques‎.B. Arran‎g e their‎work sched‎u les.C. Selec‎t appro‎p riat‎e cours‎e s.D. Write‎cover‎lette‎r s.16. What do all of the jobs have in commo‎n?A. They pay the same wage.B. They invol‎v e worki‎n g outdo‎o rs.C. They can be subst‎i tute‎d for colle‎g e cours‎e s.D. They're part-time.Quest‎i ons 17 to 20 are based‎on the follo‎w ing passa‎g e. At the end of the passa‎g e, you will be given‎20 secon‎d s to answe‎r the quest‎i ons. Now liste‎n to the passa‎g e.17. Why are the bees calle‎d "Afric‎a nize‎d Honey‎Bees"?A. They are defen‎s ive when they feel threa‎t ened‎.B. It is the inter‎b reed‎i ng betwe‎e n Europ‎e an bees and Afric‎a n bees.C.They came from the south‎e rn part of Afric‎a.D. They are so large‎.18. Where‎do the bees come from origi‎n ally‎?A. Brazi‎l.B. North‎Afric‎a.C. South‎e rn Texas‎.D. South‎e rn Afric‎a.19. Throu‎g h what route‎did Afric‎a nize‎d Honey‎Bees enter‎Ameri‎c a?A. North‎e rn Argen‎t ina--south‎e rn Brazi‎l--centr‎a l Ameri‎c a--Mexic‎o--Unite‎d State‎s.B. South‎e rn Brazi‎l--north‎e rn Argen‎t ina--centr‎a l Ameri‎c a--Mexic‎o--Unite‎d State‎s.C. North‎e rn Argen‎t ina--south‎e rn Brazi‎l—Mexic‎o--centr‎a l Ameri‎c a--Unite‎d State‎s.D. South‎e rn Brazi‎l--north‎e rn Argen‎t ina--Mexic‎o--centr‎a l Ameri‎c a--Unite‎d State‎s.20. What can be infer‎r ed about‎the speak‎e r's view of the bees?A. They are not at all as feroc‎i ous as peopl‎e think‎.B. They are dange‎r ous to get to close‎to.C. They are not feroc‎i ous, but peopl‎e think‎that becau‎s e of their‎enorm‎o us size.D. They are feroc‎i ous only when they feel somet‎h ing unfai‎r happe‎n ed.SECTI‎O N C NEWS BROAD‎C ASTQuest‎i ons 21 to 22 are based‎on the follo‎w ing news. At the end of the news item, you will be given‎10 secon‎d s to answe‎r the quest‎i ons. Now liste‎n to the news.21. If a baseb‎a ll playe‎r is on his first‎posit‎i ve test, what will happe‎n to him?A. It will lead him to a ten days ban.B. It will lead him to a one month‎ban.C. It will lead him to a twelv‎e month‎s ban.D. It will lead him to a two-year-ban.22. In Olymp‎i c sport‎s, any posit‎i ve drug test will faceA. never‎permi‎t ted to join in Olymp‎i c sport‎s again‎.B. never‎permi‎t ted to join in the match‎e s.C. one year ban.D. two years‎ban.Quest‎i ons 23 to 25 are based‎on the follo‎w ing news. At the end of the news item, you will be given‎15 secon‎d s to answe‎r the quest‎i ons. Now liste‎n to the news.23. How long has the prote‎s t laste‎d accor‎d ing to the news?A. One month‎.B. Two month‎s.C. Three‎month‎s.D. Four month‎s.24. What's the purpo‎s e of the fund endor‎s ed by the Thai cabin‎e t?A. To const‎r uct a dam.B. To compe‎n sate‎villa‎g ers who are made landl‎e ss by dam const‎r ucti‎o n.C. To make the farme‎r s and villa‎g ers give up the prote‎s t.D. To retur‎n land to the farme‎r s and villa‎g ers.25. What were the farme‎r s and villa‎g ers' attit‎u de towar‎d the measu‎r es passe‎d by the gover‎n ment‎?A. They accep‎t ed them becau‎s e what they deman‎d ed has been met.B.They parti‎a lly accep‎t ed them.C. They added‎some more deman‎d s to the measu‎r es.D. They were not satis‎f ied with them becau‎s e the measu‎r es didn't solve‎some very impor‎t ant probl‎e ms.Quest‎i ons 26 and 27 are based‎on the follo‎w ing news. At the end of the news item, you will be given‎10 secon‎d s to answe‎r the quest‎i ons. Now liste‎n to the news.26. The unemp‎l oyme‎n t rate in Febru‎a ry was?A. 8.1 perce‎n t.B. 8 perce‎n t.C. below‎8 perce‎n t.D. above‎8.1 perce‎n t.27. We can know from the news item all of the follo‎w ing EXCEP‎T thatA. 651,000 worke‎r s lost their‎jobs in Febru‎a ry, 2009.B. more than four milli‎o n Ameri‎c ans have lost their‎jobs since‎Decem‎b er 2007.C. job losse‎s in Febru‎a ry were close‎to expec‎t atio‎n.D. the numbe‎r of job loss in Decem‎b er 2008 was the large‎s t in histo‎r y.Quest‎i on 28 is based‎on the follo‎w ing news. At the end of the news item, you will be given‎5 secon‎d s to answe‎r the quest‎i on.Now liste‎n to the news.28. How many vehic‎l es will be recal‎l ed by Toyot‎a?A. More than 75,000.B. More than 750,000.C. More than 715,000.D. More than 71,500.Quest‎i ons 29 and 30 are based‎on the follo‎w ing news. At the end of the news item, you will be given‎10 secon‎d s to answe‎r the quest‎i ons. Now liste‎n to the news.29. What happe‎n ed to the Austr‎a lian‎engin‎e er?A. He has been kille‎d in Iraq.B. His wife left him when he was in Iraq.C. He has been held hosta‎g e in Iraq.D. He just finis‎h ed his work in Iraq and will be back to Ameri‎c a.30. Where‎did the coupl‎e live?A. In Austr‎a lia.B. In Iraq.C. In Brita‎i n.D. In Calif‎o rnia‎.答案：SECTI‎O N A CONVE‎R SATI‎O NS Conve‎r sati‎o n 1M: Hello‎. I need to talk with someo‎n e about‎my drive‎r's licen‎s e.W: Yes. How may I help you? Do you have a drive‎r's licen‎s e, or do you need to get one? M: Well, I'm not sure. Y ou see, I have an inter‎n atio‎n al drive‎r's licen‎s e. W: Uh-huh. And how long will you be stayi‎n g in the Unite‎d State‎s? M: Proba‎b ly four years‎, until‎I finis‎h my degre‎e.W: Oh. Then you will need to get in Arizo‎n a drive‎r's licen‎s e. M: Do I have to take a drive‎r's test to do that?W: Yes, you do. You need to come in and take a writt‎e n exam and an eye exam, and then you need to take a road test with a paral‎l el parki‎n g test. Did you say that you are a stude‎n t?M: Yes, I'm a stude‎n t at the unive‎r sity‎. I don't have an ID with me, but I can go and get it.W: Okay. Then you can apply‎for a limit‎e d licen‎s e. Just come back and show your stude‎n t ID, and you can apply‎for a five-year licen‎s e. The limit‎e d licen‎s e only costs‎you ten dolla‎r s. A regul‎a r licen‎s e would‎cost you a lot more than that, but it is valid‎for more than five years‎.M: Why can't I just use my inter‎n atio‎n al drive‎r's licen‎s e?W: You could‎if you were just visit‎i ng a lot less than a year. But as a stude‎n t, you will be tempo‎r aril‎y resid‎i ng in our state‎.M: Okay. So that's why my frien‎d can use his inter‎n atio‎n al licen‎s e; he is a touri‎s t.W: Right‎.1．C本题考查对‎话意图。

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2015) -GRADE FOUR-PART I DICTATIONPART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A CONVERSATIONSConversation one1. Why is the trip to Mars a one-way trip?A. The return trip is too expensive.B. There is no technology to get people back.C. People don’t want to return.D. The return trip is too risky.2. According to the man, what is more important for those recruits?A. Intelligence.B. Health.C. Skills.D. Calmness.3. What is the last part of the conversation about?A. The kind of people suitable for the trip.B. Interests and hobbies of the speakers.C. Recruitment of people for the trip.D. Preparation for the trip to Mars.Conversation Two4. What is showrooming?A. Going to the high street.B. Visiting everyday shops.C. Buying things like electrical goods.D. Visiting shops and buying online.5. According to the conversation, the man had bought all the following things online EXCEPTA. shoesB. CDsC. cameraD. food6. According to the conversation, the percentage of people who showroomed while Christmasshopping wasA. 3%B. 33%C. 42%D. 24%7. One reason for people to showroom is that theyA. want to know more about pricingB. can return the product laterC. want to see the real thing firstD. can bargain for a lower shop priceConversation Three8. What is the conversation mainly about?A. How to avoid clashes of exams.B. How to schedule exams.C. How to use the faculty lounge.D. How to choose the courses.9. What does the student have to do first in order to take the exams?A. To choose a date on the draft schedule.B. To find the information on the bulletin board.C. To draw up the final schedule.D. To arrange an invigilator.10. According to the conversation, the Dean willA. sign the sheet in the faculty loungeB. take care of the bulletin boardC. consult the studentsD. finalize the exam scheduleSECTION B PASSAGESPassage One11. Which of the following cities has the oldest Chinatown in North America?A. New York.B. San Francisco.C. Boston.D. San Diego.12. The Chinatown in San Francisco attracts tourists a year.A. 20 ,000B. 100 ,000C. 7 millionD. 17 million13. Where can tourists see the fish markets?A. In Stockton Street.B. In Grant Avenue.C. In Portsmouth Square.D. In Bush Street.Passage Two14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Obesity can damage one’s health.B. Obesity is a growing problem all over the world.C. Obesity is directly related to one’s habit.D. Obesity has affected both boys and girls.15. The purpose of the three-year study is to .A. find out why some children find it difficult to go to sleepB. learn more about the link between sleep and weightC. identify the ways parents reduce their kids’ weightD. see if there is difference in sleep patterns over the period16. According to the study, the daily healthy sleep time for the 3rd to 6th graders should be around ___ hours.A. 8B. 9C. 10D. 1117. According to the passage, obesity is most likely related to __ .A. sleep timeB. genderC. raceD. parentsPassage Three18. According to a number of students, __ __ is the main factor for early-age smoking.A. genderB. personalityC. environmentD. money19. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Very few continue smoking throughout their teenage years.B. Most early-age smokers soon stop experimenting.C. Some early-age smokers never go beyond experimenting.D. Children quickly become regular smokers by carrying cigarettes.20. All the following are features of smokers EXCEPT ___ .A. strong peer influenceB. low sense of achievementC. high sense of rebellionD. close family relationshipSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item 121. Why were some children offered only fruit and milk for lunch?A. The school stopped providing school lunch.B. Their parents failed to pay for school lunch.C. Some parents preferred fruit and milk for lunch.D. These children chose to have something different.22. How did parents react to the school’s way of handling the situation?A. They were upsetB. They were furious.C. They were surprised.D. They were sad.News Item 223. According to the news, what is the main advantage of the digital key?A. Guests can pay without going to the front desk.B. Guests can go direct to their rooms.C. Guests can check out any time.D. Guests can make room reservations.24. The hotel company intends to have the system in ___ of its hotels in the next three months.A. 2B. 3C. 100D. 150News Item 325. According to the court ruling, Shrien Dewani _ ___ .A. will return to the U.K. for medical treatmentB. will remain in South Africa for medical treatmentC. will stand trial in South Africa once proved fitD. will be extradited even if he is unfit to stand trial26. What was Dewani accused of?A. Having his wife killed.B. Killing his wife in the U.K.C. Being involved in a taxi accident.D. Hiring a crew of hit men.News Item 427. The U.N. new vote would allow all the following EXCEPT ___ .A. the use of force by European Union troopsB. the suspension of an existing arms embargoC. the extension of U.N. peacekeeping missionD. the ban on travel and freeze of assetsNews Item 528. What is the news mainly about?A. Causes of early death in Russia.B. Behavior of alcoholics.C. Causes of alcohol poisoning.D. Number of death over 10 years.News Item 629. The total investment in film-making in Britain in 2012 was __ __ .A. £945 millionB. £1.07 billionC. £500,000D. £87,00030. Hollywood studios prefer to make films in Britain because ___ .A. The UK is a good film locationB. The cast usually comes from BritainC. Hollywood emphasizes qualityD. Production cost can be reducedPART III CLOZEElectricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays 31 __ _ werarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set. At night, roads are brigh tly lit,enabling people and32 ___ to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the 33 ___ of every modern city. In the home, many 34 ___ devices are powered by electric ity. 35 ___when we turn off the bedside lamp and are 36 ___ asleep, electricity is working for us, 37 ___ ourrefrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. Every day, trains, busesandsubways take us to and from work. We rarely 38 ___ to consider why or how they run——39 ___ something goes wrong.In the summer of 1959, something 40 ___ go wrong with the power-plant that provided New Yorkwith electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a 41 ___. Trains refused to move a nd the people in them sat in the dark, 42 ___ to do anything; lifts stopped working, so that 43 _ __ you were lucky enough not to be 44. ___ between two floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down 45 ___ of stairs. Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue i n a(n) 46 ___ became asgloomy and uninviting 47 ___ the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their h ouses,48 ___ . although the police had been ordered to 49 ___ in case of emergency, they were just asconfused and50 ___ as anybody else.31. A. that B. thus C. as D. so32. A. car B. truck C. traffic D. pedestrians33. A. appearance B. character C. distinction D. surface34. A. money-saving B. time-saving C. energy-saving D. labor-saving35. A. Only B. Rarely C. Even D. Frequently36. A. fast B. quite C. closely D. quickly37. A. moving B. starting C. repairing D. driving38. A. trouble B. bother C. hesitate D. remember39. A. when B. if C. until D. after40. A. did B. would C. could D. Should41. A. pause B. terminal C. breakdown D. standstill42. A. incompetent B. powerless C. hesitant D. helpless43. A. although B. when C. as D. even if44. A. trapped B. placed C. positioned D. locked45. A. steps B. levels C. flights D. floors46. A. time B. instant C. point D. minute47. A. like B. than C. for D. as48. A. for B. and C. but D. or49. A. stand aside B. stand down C. standby D. stand in50. A. aimless B. helpless C. unfocused D. undecidedPART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY51. When you have finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf,____?A. don’t youB. do youC. will youD. won’t you52. Mary is __ ___ hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam.A. no lessB. no moreC. not lessD. not so53. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Only one out of six were present at the meeting.B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.C. Either my sister or my brother is wrong.D. Five miles seem like a long walk to me.54. Which of the italicized parts expresses a future tense?A. My friend teaches chemistry in a school.B. I’ll give it to you after I return.C. What is the matter with you?D. London stands on the River Thames.55. It is not so much the language ____ the cultural background that makes the filmdifficult to understand.A. butB. norC. likeD. as56. There is no doubt ____ the committee has made the right decision on the housing project.A. whyB. thatC. whetherD. when57. All the President’s Men ____ one of the important books for scholars who study theWatergate Scandal.A. remainsB. remainedC. remainD. is remaining58. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ___ __ able to advise you muchbetter than I can.A. will beB. wasC. would beD. were59. Which of the following is a stative verb (静态动词)?A. DrinkB. CloseC. RainD. Belong60. Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation?A. The man has a large family to support.B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.C. He was the last guest to leave.D. Mary needs a friend to talk to.61. The following are all correct responses to “Who told the news to the teacher?”EXCEPT __ ___?A. Bob did itB. Bob did soC. Bob did thatD. Bob did.62. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. Another two girlsB. Few wordsC. This workD. A bit of flowers63. Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness?A. What will you do when you graduate?B. They will be home by now.C. Who will go with me?D. Why will you go there alone?64. When one has good health, ___ should feel fortunateA. youB. sheC. heD. we65. There ____ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.A. to beB. to have beenC. beD. being66. Two of her brothers were _ __ during the Second World War.A. called upB. called onC. called forD. called out67. Bottles from this region sell __ ____ at about $50 a case.A. entirelyB. totallyC. wholesaleD. together68. The product contains no ____ colours, flavours, or preservatives.A. fakeB. artificialC. falseD. wrong69. Davis accepted the defeat in the semi-final with good grace. The underlined part isclosest in meaning to ___ ___.A. cheerfullyB. wholeheartedlyC. politelyD. quietly70. __ ___ and business leaders were delighted at the decision to hold the national motorfair in the city.A. CivilB. CivilizedC. CivilianD. Civic71. The city council is planning a huge road-building programme to ease congestion. Theunderlined part means __ ___.A. calmB. relieveC. comfortD. still72. His unfortunate appearance was offset by an attractive personality. The underlinedpart means all the following EXCEPT ____.A. improvedB. made up forC. balancedD. compensated for73. The doctor said that the gash in his check required stitches. The underlined part means ____.A. lumpB. depressionC. swellingD. cut74. During the economic crisis, they had to cut back production and __ ___ workers.A. lay offB. lay intoC. lay downD. lay aside75. The university consistently receives a high __ ____ for the quality of its teaching and research.A. standardB. evaluationC. ratingD. comment76. To mark its one hundredth anniversary, the university held a series of activitiesincluding conferences, film shows, etc. The underlined part means __ ___.A. signifyB. celebrateC. symbolizeD. suggest77. His fertile mind keeps turning out new ideas. The underlined part means _ ____.A. abundantB. unbelievableC. productiveD. generative78. The local news paper has a ___ __ of 100,000 copies a day.A. spreadB. circulationC. motionD. flow79. These issues were discussed at length during the meeting. The underlined part means __ ___.A. eventuallyB. subsequentlyC. lastlyD. fully80. A couple of young people were giving out leaflets in front of the department store.The underlined part means __ ___.A. distributingB. handlingC. dividingD. arrangingPART V READING COMPREHENSIONText AInundated by more information than we can possibly hold in our head, we're increasingly handing off the job of remembering to search engines and smart phones. Google is even reportedly working on eyeglasses that could one day recognize faces and supply details about whoever you're looking at. But new research shows that outsourcing our memory – and expecting that information will be continually and instantaneously available --is changing our cognitive habits.Research conducted by Betsy Sparrow, an assistant professor of psychology at Columbia University, has identified three new realities about how we process information in the Internet age. First, her experiments showed that when we don't know the answer to a question, we now think about where we can find the nearest Web connection instead of the subject of the question itself. A second revelation is that when we expect to be able to find informationagain later on, we don't remember it as well as when we think it might become unavailable. And then there is the researchers' final observation: the expectation that we'll he able to locate inf orination down the line leads us to form a memory not of the fact itself but of where we'II be able to find it.But this handoff comes with a downside. Skills like critical thinking and analysis must develop in the context of facts: we need something to think and reason about, after all. And these facts can't be Googled as we go;they need to be stored in the original hard drive, our long-term memory. Especially in the case of children, "factual knowledge must precede skill," says Daniel Willingham, a professor of psychology, at the University of Virginia -- meaning that the days of drilling the multiplication table and memorizing the names of the Presidents aren't over quite yet. Adults, too, need to recruit a supply of stored knowledge in order to situate and evaluate new information they encounter. You can't Google context.Last, there's the possibility, increasingly terrifying to contemplate, that our machines fail us. As Sparrow puts it, "The experience of losing our Internet connection becomes more and more like losing a friend." If you're going to keep your memory on your smart phone, better make sure it's fully charged.81. Google’s eyeglasses are supposed to _ __.[A]improve our memory[B]function like memory[C]help us see faces better[D]work like smart phones82. According to the passage, “cognitive habits” refers to _ __.[A] how we deal with information[B] functions of human memory[C] the amount of information[D] the availability of information83. Which of the following statements about Sparrow’s research is CORRECT?[A] We remember people and things as much as before.[B] We remember more Internet connections than before.[C] We pay equal attention to location and content of information.[D]We tend to remember location rather than the core of facts.84. What does the author mean by “context”?[A]It refers to long-term memory.[B]It refers to a new situation.[C]It refers to a store of knowledge.[D]It refers to the search engine.85. What is the implied message of the author?[A]Web connections aid our memory.[B]People differ in what to remember.[C]People keep memory on smart phones.[D]People need to exercise their memory.Text BI was a second-year medical student at the university, and was on my second day of rounds at a nearby hospital. My university's philosophy was to get students seeing patients early in their education. Nice idea,but it overlooked one detail:second-year students know next to nothing about medicine.Assigned to my team that day was an attending - a senior faculty member who was there mostly to make patients feel they weren't in the hands of amateurs. Many attendings were researchers who didn't have much recent hospital experience. Mine was actually an arthritis specialist. Also along was a resident (the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, at least to a rookie like myself). In addition there were two interns(住院实习医生). These guyswere just as green as I was，but in a scarier way: they had recently graduated from the medical school, so they were technically MDs.I began the day at 6:30 am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patients; later, we were to present our findings to the resident and then to the attending. I had three patients and the intern had the other five - piece of cake.But when I arrived in the room of 71-year-old Mr. Adams，he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting (喘气). He'd just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to his lungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the logof his vital signs and saw that his respiration and heart rate had been climbing, but his temperature was steady. It didn't seem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pneumonia. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going on."It's really hot in here, Doc," he replied.So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would return in a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye.At 8:40 am., during our team meeting, "Code Blue Room 307!" blared from the loudspeaker. I froze.That was Mr. Adams's room.When we arrived, he was motionless.The autopsy (尸体解剖) later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pulmonary embolism (肺部栓塞). A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity in half. His symptoms had been textbook: heavy perspiration and shortness of breath despite clear lungs. The only thing was: I hadn't read that chapter in the textbook yet. And I was too scared, insecure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help.This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, but what's particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of students as naive as I, and how many more will?86. Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital?[A]He himself wanted to have practice.[B]Students of all majors had to do so.[C]It was part of his medical training.[D]He was on a research team.87. We learn that the author’s team members had __.[A]much practical experience[B]adequate knowledge[C]long been working there [D]some professional deficiency88. While the author was examining Mr. Adams, all the following symptoms caught hisattention EXCEPT __ __.[A]moving difficulty [B]steady temperature[C]faster heart rate [D]breathing problem89. “His symptoms had been textbook” means that his symptoms were _ ___.[A]part of the textbook[B]no longer in the textbook[C]recently included in the textbook[D]explained in the textbook90. At the end of the passage, the author expresses __ __ about the medical education system.[A]optimism[B]hesitation[C]concern[D]supportTEXT CThe war on smoking, now five decades old and counting, is one of the nation's greatest public health success stories - but not for everyone.As a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the US smoked; today fewer than two in ten do. But some states - Kentucky, South Dakota and Alabama to name just a few - seem to have missed the message that smoking is deadly.Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan. 11, 1964, by the first Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases was major news then. The hazards of smoking were just starting to emerge.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually ananti-smoking movement that shifted the nation's attitude on smoking. Then, smokers were cool. Today, many are outcasts, rejected by restaurants, bars, public buildings and even their own workplaces. Millions of lives have been saved.The formula for success is no longer guesswork: Adopt tough warning labels, air public service ads, fund smoking cessation programs and impose smoke-free laws. But the surest way to prevent smoking, particularly among price-sensitive teens, is to raise taxes. If you can stop them from smoking, you've won the war. Few people start smoking after turning 19.The real-life evidence of taxing power is powerful. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $2.42 on every pack -- three times the average tax in the states with the highest smoking rates.New York has the highest cigarette tax in the country, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 percent of teens smoke, far below the national average of 18 percent. Compare that with Kentucky, where taxes are low (60 cents), smoking restrictions are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York's. Other low-tax states have similarly dismal records.Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor. True, but so do the deadly effects of smoking, far worse than a tax. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund initiatives that help smokers quit or persuade teens not to start.Anti-smoking forces have plenty to celebrate this week, having helped avoid 8 million premature deaths in the past 50 years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not won.91. What does "counting" mean in the context?[A] Continuing. [B] Including.[C] Calculating. [D] Relying on.92. According to the context, "Their failure" refers to__ _____.[A] those adults who continue to smoke[B] those states that missed the message[C] findings of the report[D] hazards of smoking93. The following are all efforts that led to the change of attitude on smokingEXCEPT_____.[A] rejecting by the public[B] cigarette warning labels[C] anti-smoking campaigns[D] anti-smoking legislation94. According to the author, raising tax on cigarettes___ ____.[A] is unfair to the poor [B] is an effective measure[C] increases public revenue [D] fails to solve the problem95. What is the passage mainly about?[A] How to stage anti-smoking campaigns.[B] The effects of the report on smoking and health.[C] Tax as the surest path to cut smoking.[D] The efforts to cut down on teenage smoking.TEXT DAttachment Parenting is not Indulgent Parenting. Attachment parents do not "spoil" their children. Spoiling is done when a child is given everything that they want regardless of what they need and regardless of what is practical. Indulgent parents give toys for tantrums(发脾气), ice cream for breakfast. Attachment parents don't give their children everything that they want, they give their children everything that they need. Attachment parents believe that love and comfort are free and necessary. Not sweets or toys.Attachment Parenting is not "afraid of tears" parenting. Our kids cry. The difference is that we understand that tantrums and tears come from emotions and not manipulation. And ourchildren understand this too, They cry and have tantrums sometimes, of course. But they do this because their emotions are so overwhelming that they need to get it out. They do not expect to be "rewarded" for their strong negative emotions; they simply expect that we will listen. We pick up our babies when they cry, and we respond to the tears of our older children because we believefirmly that comfort is free, love is free, and that when a child has need for comfort and love, it is our job to provide those things. We are not afraid of tears. We don't avoid them. We hold our children through them and teach them that when they are hurt or frustrated we are here to comfort them and help them work through their emotions.Attachment Parenting is not Clingy Parenting. I do not cling to my children, In feet, I'm pretty free-range. As soon as they can move they usually move away from me and let me set up a chase as they crawl, run, skip and hop on their merry way to explore the world, Sure, I carry them and hug them and chase them and kiss them and rock them and sleep with them, But this is not me following them everywhere and pulling them back to me. This is me being a home base. The "attachment" comes from their being allowed to attach to us, not from us attaching to them like parental leeches.Attachment Parenting is not Selfish Parenting. It is also not selfless parenting, We are not doing it for us, and we are not doing it to torment ourselves,Attachment parenting is not Helicopter Parenting. I don't hover, I supervise, I follow, I teach, I demonstrate, I explain. I don't slap curious hands away, I show how to do things safely, I let my child do the things that my child wishes to do, first with help and then with supervision and finally with trust, I don't insist that my 23 month old hold my hand when we walk on the sidewalk because I know that I can recall him with my voice because he trusts me to allow him to explore and he trusts me to explain when something is dangerous and to help him satisfy his curiosities safely.Most of the negative things that I hear about "attachment parents" are completely off-base and describe something that is entirely unlike Attachment Parenting. Attachment Parenting is child-centric and focuses on the needs of the child. Children need structure, rules, and boundaries. Attachment Parents simply believe that the child and the parent are allies, not adversaries, And that children are taught, not trained.96. What makes attachment parents different from indulgent parents is that they .A. show more love to their childrenB. think love is more importantC. prefer both love and toys in parentingD. dislike ice cream or sweets97. According to the author, what should parents do when their kids cry?A. Providing comfort and love.B. Trying to stop kids crying.C. Holding them till they stop.D. Rewarding kids with toys.98. What does “free-range” mean according to the passage?A. Fond of providing a home base.B. Ready to play games with my kids.C. Curious to watch what games they play.D. Willing to give kids freedom of movement.99. Which of the following is NOT attachment parenting?A. Fostering their curiosity.B. Standing by and protecting.C. Showing them how things are done.D. Helping them do the right thing.100. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. How to foster love in children.B. How to build child confidence.C. Different types of parenting.D. Parent-child relationships.答案解析：PART I DICTATIONMale and Female Roles in MarriageIn the traditional marriage, the man worked to earn money for the family. / The woman stayed at home to care for the children and her husband. / In recent years, many couples continue to have a traditional relationship of this kind. / Some people are happy with it. But others think differently. /There are two major differences in male and female roles now. / One is that both men and women have many more choices. / They may choose to marry or stay single. / They may choose to work or to stay at home. / A second difference is that, within marriage many decisions are shared. / If a couple has children, the man may take care of them /some of the time, all of the time or not at all. / The woman may want to stay at home / or she may want to go to work. / Men and women now decide these things together in a marriage.听写指导：由题目可以判定，文章围绕男性和女性在婚姻中的角色展开，第一段介绍了传统婚姻中两性的角色，而第二段对当今社会中两性在婚姻中的角色进行了具体的论述。

2015英语专四考试真题及答案2015年专业四级答案PART I DICTATIONMale and Female Roles in MarriageIn the traditional marriage, the man worked to earn money for the family. / The woman stayed at home to care for the children and herhusband. / In recent years, many couples continue to have a traditional relationship of this kind. / Some people are happy with it. But others think differently. /There are two major differences in male and female roles now. / One is that both men and women have many more choices. / They may choose to marry or stay single. / They may choose to work or to stay at home. / A second difference is that, within marriage many decisions are shared. / If a couple has children, the man may take care of them /some of the time, all of the time or not at all. / The woman may want to stay at home / or she may want to go to work. / Men and women now decide these things together in a marriage.听写指导：由题目可以判定，文章围绕男性和女性在婚姻中的角色展开，第一段介绍了传统婚姻中两性的角色，而第二段对当今社会中两性在婚姻中的角色进行了具体的论述。

2015年英语四级阅读模拟试题及答案（精品试卷一）Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ),B．, C．and D ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.People's tastes in recreation differ widely. At a recent festival of pop-music in the Isle of Wight, crowds of teenagers flocked to listen to their favorite singers and musicians. They went with single railway tickets and slept in the open, a very risky thing to do in the climate of Britain, even in August. They were packed together like sardines for four days. There were innumerable thieves, a gang of roughs tried several times to break things up, and police were everywhere. At the end of the festival many young fans found themselves broke, with no money left,and they had difficulty in getting back home. Most people would consider these conditions a nightmare of discomfort; the fans appeared to enjoy it all enormously.Even in the overcrowded United Kingdom there are large tracts of open un-spoilt country, where people with more traditional tastes can go for quiet, and for the sense of freedom they derive from contact with nature. In the national parks especially, modern development of housing and industry is strictly controlled. Visitors may walk for miles through landscape of the greatest beauty and wildness, and often of considerable historic or scientific interest. Along the coasts of some of the maritime counties, public pathways have been created; these paths stretch for many miles along cliffs that look out on the Atlantic Ocean or the English Channel. Another path,lying inland, goes along the range of mountains in the north of England. It is called the Pennine Way. Here, the long-distance waller and the nature-lover can find much to enjoy, without feeling disturbed by large numbers of their fellows.Yet few people make full use of the national parks established for everyone's benefit. The commonest thing nowadays is for family groups to motor out to a beautiful spot and park their cars in a lay-by ( 英国的路旁停车带 ). A picnic basket is produced, along with a folding table and chairs, a kettle and a portable stove. They then settle down to a picnic in the lay-by beside the car. Apparently their idea of enjoyment is to get into the fresh air and amongst the country sights and sounds without having to wall a yard. They seem almost to like to hear and to smell the traffic.56. In Britain it is very risky to __________.A．go with a single railway ticketB．listen to pop-music at the festivalC. sleep in the openD．pack together in crowds57. At the end of the festival, many young fans__________.A．were arrested by the policeB．had spent most of their moneyC．were sleeping outD．became quite penniless58. Even in the overcrowded United Kingdom there are large__________. A．tracks through the open countryB．areas of country without soilC．areas of countryside not developedD．expanses of land where nobody works59. Public pathways are created for people to__________.A．commute to workB．enjoy long-distance walkingC. wall to maritime countiesD．visit the historic or scenic sites60. Family groups nowadays like to__________.A．have meals out of doors by the road-sideB．go for a walk away from homeC．drive out past the beautiful placesD．hear and smell the animalsPassage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock, the salesman promptly produces it, and thebusiness of trying it on proceeds at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone's satisfaction.For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have eactly what he wants. In that case the salesman, as the name implies, tries to sell the customer something else--he offers the nearest he can to the article required. No good salesman brings out such a substitute bluntly; he does so with skill and polish. "I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size? It happens to be the color you mentioned. " Few men have patience with this treatment, and the usual response is: "This is the right color and may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on. "Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? In almost every respect she does so in the opposite way.Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only"having a look around". She is always open to persuasion; indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the look-out for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another, to and fro, often retracing her steps,before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a laborious process, but apparently an enjoyable one. So most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.61. When a man is buying clothes, __________.A．he chooses things that others recormnendB．he buys cheap things, regardless of qualityC．he buys good things, so long as they are not too expensiveD. he does not mind how much he has to pay for the right things62. In commerce a good salesman is one who__________.A．sells something a customer does not particularly wantB．always has in stock the thing the customer wantsC．can find out quickly the goods requiredD．does not waste his time on difficult customers63. What does a man do when he cannot get exactly what he wants? A．He buys something that is similar enough to the ideal one.B．He usually does not buy anything.C．At least two of his reqnirements must be met before he buys.D．So long as the style is right, he buys the thing.64. According to this passage, when shopping for clothes, women__________.A．often buy things without thinkingB．seldom buy cheap clothesC．welcome suggestions from anyoneD．never take any advice65. What is the most obvious difference between men and women shoppers'? A．The fact that men do not try clothes on in a shop.B．Women bargain for their clothes, but men do not.C．Women stand up while shopping, but men sit down.D. The time they take over buying clothes.Passage One【参考译文】人们对于休闲娱乐的品位大相径庭。

T E S T F O R E N G L I S H M A J O R S(2015)-G R A D E F O U R-PART I DICTATIONPART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A CONVERSATIONSConversation one1. Why is the trip to Mars a one-way trip?A. The return trip is too expensive.B. There is no technology to get people back.C. People don’t want to return.D. The return trip is too risky.2. According to the man, what is more important for those recruits?A. Intelligence.B. Health.C. Skills.D. Calmness.3. What is the last part of the conversation about??A. The kind of people suitable for the trip.B. Interests and hobbies of the speakers.C. Recruitment of people for the trip.D. Preparation for the trip to Mars.Conversation Two4. What is showrooming??A. Going to the high street.B. Visiting everyday shops.C. Buying things like electrical goods.D. Visiting shops and buying online.5. According to the conversation, the man had bought all the following things online EXCEPT ?A. shoesB. CDsC. cameraD. food6. According to the conversation, the percentage of people who showroomed while Christmasshopping wasA. 3%B. 33%C. 42%D. 24%7. One reason for people to showroom is that theyA. want to know more about pricingB. can return the product laterC. want to see the real thing firstD. can bargain for a lower shop priceConversation Three8. What is the conversation mainly about?A. How to avoid clashes of exams.B. How to schedule exams.C. How to use the faculty lounge.D. How to choose the courses.9. What does the student have to do first in order to take the exams?A. To choose a date on the draft schedule.B. To find the information on the bulletin board.C. To draw up the final schedule.D. To arrange an invigilator.10. According to the conversation, the Dean will?A. sign the sheet in the faculty loungeB. take care of the bulletin boardC. consult the studentsD. finalize the exam scheduleSECTION B PASSAGESPassage One11. Which of the following cities has the oldest Chinatown in North America? ?A. New York.B. San Francisco.C. Boston.D. San Diego.12. The Chinatown in San Francisco attracts tourists a year.?A. 20 ,000B. 100 ,000C. 7 millionD. 17 million13. Where can tourists see the fish markets??A. In Stockton Street.B. In Grant Avenue.C. In Portsmouth Square.D. In Bush Street.Passage Two14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Obesity can damage one’s health.B. Obesity is a growing problem all over the world.C. Obesity is directly related to one’s habit.D. Obesity has affected both boys and girls.15. The purpose of the three-year study is to .A. find out why some children find it difficult to go to sleepB. learn more about the link between sleep and weightC. identify the ways parents reduce their kids’ weightD. see if there is difference in sleep patterns over the period16. According to the study, the daily healthy sleep time for the 3rd to 6th graders should be around ___ hours.A. 8B. 9C. 10D. 1117. According to the passage, obesity is most likely related to __ .A. sleep timeB. genderC. raceD. parentsPassage Three18. According to a number of students, __ __ is the main factor for early-age smoking.A. genderB. personalityC. environmentD. money19. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Very few continue smoking throughout their teenage years.B. Most early-age smokers soon stop experimenting.C. Some early-age smokers never go beyond experimenting.D. Children quickly become regular smokers by carrying cigarettes.20. All the following are features of smokers EXCEPT ___ .A. strong peer influenceB. low sense of achievementC. high sense of rebellionD. close family relationshipSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item 121. Why were some children offered only fruit and milk for lunch?A. The school stopped providing school lunch.B. Their parents failed to pay for school lunch.C. Some parents preferred fruit and milk for lunch.D. These children chose to have something different.22. How did parents react to the school’s way of handling the situation??A. They were upsetB. They were furious.C. They were surprised.D. They were sad.News Item 223. According to the news, what is the main advantage of the digital key? ?A. Guests can pay without going to the front desk.B. Guests can go direct to their rooms.C. Guests can check out any time.D. Guests can make room reservations.24. The hotel company intends to have the system in ___ of its hotels in the next three months.A. 2B. 3C. 100D. 150News Item 325. According to the court ruling, Shrien Dewani _ ___ .A. will return to the U.K. for medical treatmentB. will remain in South Africa for medical treatmentC. will stand trial in South Africa once proved fitD. will be extradited even if he is unfit to stand trial26. What was Dewani accused of?A. Having his wife killed.B. Killing his wife in the U.K.C. Being involved in a taxi accident.D. Hiring a crew of hit men.News Item 427. The U.N. new vote would allow all the following EXCEPT ___ .A. the use of force by European Union troopsB. the suspension of an existing arms embargoC. the extension of U.N. peacekeeping missionD. the ban on travel and freeze of assetsNews Item 528. What is the news mainly about?A. Causes of early death in Russia.B. Behavior of alcoholics.C. Causes of alcohol poisoning.D. Number of death over 10 years.News Item 629. The total investment in film-making in Britain in 2012 was __ __ .A. ￡945 millionB. ￡1.07 billionC. ￡500,000D. ￡87,00030. Hollywood studios prefer to make films in Britain because ___ .A. The UK is a good film locationB. The cast usually comes from BritainC. Hollywood emphasizes qualityD. Production cost can be reducedPART III CLOZEElectricity?is?such?a?part?of?our?everyday?lives?and?so?much?taken?for?granted?nowaday s?31?___?we?rarely?think?twice?when?we?switch?on?the?light?or?turn?on?the?TV?set.?At?night,?roads? are?brightly?lit,?enabling?people?and32?___?to?move?freely.?Neon?lighting?used?in?advertising?has?beco me?part?of?the?33?___?of?every?modern?city.?In?the?home,?many?34?___?devices?are?po wered?by?electricity.?35?___?when?we?turn?off?the?bedside?lamp?and?are?36?___?asleep,?electricity?is?working?for?us, ?37?___?our?refrigerators,?heating?our?water,?or?keeping?our?rooms?air-conditioned.?Every?day,?trains,? buses?and?subways?take?us?to?and?from?work.?We?rarely?38?___?to?consider?why?or?how?they?run ——39?___?something?goes?wrong.?In?the?summer?of?1959,?something?40??___?go?wrong?with?the?power-plant?that?provide d?New?York?with?electricity.?For?a?great?many?hours,?life?came?almost?to?a?41?___.?Trains?refused?to ?move?and?the?people?in?them?sat?in?the?dark,?42?___?to?do?anything;?lifts?stopped?wor king,?so?that?43?___?you?were?lucky?enough?not?to?be?44.?___?between?two?floors,?you?had?the?unpleasant?task?o f?finding?your?way?down?45?___?of?stairs.?Famous?streets?like?Broadway?and?Fifth?Avenue?in?a(n)?46?___?became?as?gloomy?and?uninviting?47?___?the?most?remote?back?streets.?People?were?afraid?to?leave ?their?houses,48?___?.?although?the?police?had?been?ordered?to?49?___?in?case?of?emergency,?they?we re?just?as?confused?and50?___?as?anybody?else.31. A. that B. thus C. as D. so32. A. car B. truck C. traffic D. pedestrians33. A. appearance B. character C. distinction D. surface34. A. money-saving B. time-saving C. energy-saving D. labor-saving35. A. Only B. Rarely C. Even D. Frequently36. A. fast B. quite C. closely D. quickly37. A. moving B. starting C. repairing D. driving38. A. trouble B. bother C. hesitate D. remember39. A. when B. if C. until D. after40. A. did B. would C. could D. Should41. A. pause B. terminal C. breakdown D. standstill42. A. incompetent B. powerless C. hesitant D. helpless43. A. although B. when C. as D. even if44. A. trapped B. placed C. positioned D. locked45. A. steps B. levels C. flights D. floors46. A. time B. instant C. point D. minute47. A. like B. than C. for D. as48. A. for B. and C. but D. or49. A. stand aside B. stand down C. standby D. stand in50. A. aimless B. helpless C. unfocused D. undecidedPART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY51. When you have finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf,____?A. don’t youB. do youC. will youD. won’t you52. Mary is __ ___ hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam.A. no lessB. no moreC. not lessD. not so53. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? ?A. Only one out of six were present at the meeting.B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.C. Either my sister or my brother is wrong.D. Five miles seem like a long walk to me.54. Which of the italicized parts expresses a future tense??A. My friend teaches chemistry in a school.B. I’ll give it to you after I return.C. What is the matter with you?D. London stands on the River Thames.55. It is not so much the language ____ the cultural background that makes the filmdifficult to understand.A. butB. norC. likeD. as56. There is no doubt ____ the committee has made the right decision on the housing project.A. whyB. thatC. whetherD. when57. All the President’s Men ____ one of the important books for scholars who study theWatergate Scandal.A. remainsB. remainedC. remainD. is remaining58. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ___ __ able to advise you muchbetter than I can.A. will beB. wasC. would beD. were59. Which of the following is a stative verb (静态动词)??A. DrinkB. CloseC. RainD. Belong60. Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation?A. The man has a large family to support.B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.C. He was the last guest to leave.D. Mary needs a friend to talk to.61. The following are all correct responses to “Who told the news to the teacher?”EXCEPT __ ___?A. Bob did itB. Bob did soC. Bob did thatD. Bob did.62. Which of the following is INCORRECT???A. Another two girlsB. Few wordsC. This workD. A bit of flowers63. Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness??A. What will you do when you graduate?B. They will be home by now.C. Who will go with me?D. Why will you go there alone?64. When one has good health, ___ should feel fortunateA. youB. sheC. heD. we65. There ____ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.A. to beB. to have beenC. beD. being66. Two of her brothers were _ __ during the Second World War.A. called upB. called onC. called forD. called out67. Bottles from this region sell __ ____ at about $50 a case.A. entirelyB. totallyC. wholesaleD. together68. The product contains no ____ colours, flavours, or preservatives.A. fakeB. artificialC. falseD. wrong69. Davis accepted the defeat in the semi-final with good grace. The underlined part isclosest in meaning to ___ ___.A. cheerfullyB. wholeheartedlyC. politelyD. quietly70. __ ___ and business leaders were delighted at the decision to hold the national motorfair in the city.A. CivilB. CivilizedC. CivilianD. Civic71. The city council is planning a huge road-building programme to ease congestion. Theunderlined part means __ ___.A. calmB. relieveC. comfortD. still72. His unfortunate appearance was offset by an attractive personality. The underlinedpart means all the following EXCEPT ____.A. improvedB. made up forC. balancedD. compensated for73. The doctor said that the gash in his check required stitches. The underlined part means ____.A. lumpB. depressionC. swellingD. cut74. During the economic crisis, they had to cut back production and __ ___ workers.A. lay offB. lay intoC. lay downD. lay aside75. The university consistently receives a high __ ____ for the quality of its teaching and research.A. standardB. evaluationC. ratingD. comment76. To mark its one hundredth anniversary, the university held a series of activitiesincluding conferences, film shows, etc. The underlined part means __ ___.A. signifyB. celebrateC. symbolizeD. suggest77. His fertile mind keeps turning out new ideas. The underlined part means _ ____.A. abundantB. unbelievableC. productiveD. generative78. The local news paper has a ___ __ of 100,000 copies a day.A. spreadB. circulationC. motionD. flow79. These issues were discussed at length during the meeting. The underlined part means __ ___.A. eventuallyB. subsequentlyC. lastlyD. fully80. A couple of young people were giving out leaflets in front of the department store.The underlined part means __ ___.A. distributingB. handlingC. dividingD. arrangingPART V READING COMPREHENSIONText AInundated by more information than we can possibly hold in our head, we're increasingly handing off the job of remembering to search engines and smart phones. Google is even reportedly working on eyeglasses that could one day recognize faces and supply details about whoever you're looking at. But new research shows that outsourcing our memory – and expecting that information will be continually and instantaneously available --is changing our cognitive habits.Research conducted by Betsy Sparrow, an assistant professor of psychology at Columbia University, has identified three new realities about how we process information in the Internet age. First, her experiments showed that when we don't know the answer to a question, we nowthink about where we can find the nearest Web connection instead of the subject of the question itself. A second revelation is that when we expect to be able to find information again later on, we don't remember it as well as when we think it might become unavailable. And then there is the researchers' final observation: the expectation that we'll he able to locate inf orination down the line leads us to form a memory not of the fact itself but of where we'II be able to find it.But this handoff comes with a downside. Skills like critical thinking and analysis must develop in the context of facts: we need something to think and reason about, after all. And these facts can't be Googled as we go;they need to be stored in the original hard drive, our long-term memory. Especially in the case of children, "factual knowledge must precede skill," says Daniel Willingham, a professor of psychology, at the University of Virginia -- meaning that the days of drilling the multiplication table and memorizing the names of the Presidents aren't over quite yet. Adults, too, need to recruit a supply of stored knowledge in order to situate and evaluate new information they encounter. You can't Google context.Last, there's the possibility, increasingly terrifying to contemplate, that our machines fail us. As Sparrow puts it, "The experience of losing our Internet connection becomes more and more like losing a friend." If you're going to keep your memory on your smart phone, better make sure it's fully charged.81. Google’s eyeglasses are supp osed to _ __.[A]improve our memory[B]function like memory[C]help us see faces better[D]work like smart phones82. According to the passage, “cognitive habits” refers to _ __.[A] how we deal with information[B] functions of human memory[C] the amount of information[D] the availability of information83. Which of the following statements about Sparrow’s research is CORRECT?[A] We remember people and things as much as before.[B] We remember more Internet connections than before.[C] We pay equal attention to location and content of information.[D]We tend to remember location rather than the core of facts.84. What does the author mean by “context”?[A]It refers to long-term memory.[B]It refers to a new situation.[C]It refers to a store of knowledge.[D]It refers to the search engine.85. What is the implied message of the author?[A]Web connections aid our memory.[B]People differ in what to remember.[C]People keep memory on smart phones.[D]People need to exercise their memory.Text BI was a second-year medical student at the university, and was on my second day of rounds at a nearby hospital. My university's philosophy was to get students seeing patients early in their education. Nice idea,but it overlooked one detail:second-year students know next to nothing about medicine.Assigned to my team that day was an attending - a senior faculty member who was there mostly to make patients feel they weren't in the hands of amateurs. Many attendings were researchers who didn't have much recent hospital experience. Mine was actually an arthritis specialist. Also along was a resident (the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, atleast to a rookie like myself). In addition there were two interns(住院实习医生). These guys were just as green as I was，but in a scarier way: they had recently graduated from the medical school, so they were technically MDs.I began the day at 6:30 am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patients; later, we were to present our findings to the resident and then to the attending. I had three patients and the intern had the other five - piece of cake.But when I arrived in the room of 71-year-old Mr. Adams，he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting (喘气). He'd just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to his lungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the logof his vital signs and saw that his respiration and heart rate had been climbing, but his temperature was steady. It didn't seem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pneumonia. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going on."It's really hot in here, Doc," he replied.So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would return in a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye.At 8:40 am., during our team meeting, "Code Blue Room 307!" blared from the loudspeaker. I froze.That was Mr. Adams's room.When we arrived, he was motionless.The autopsy (尸体解剖) later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pulmonary embolism (肺部栓塞). A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity in half. His symptoms had been textbook: heavy perspiration and shortness of breath despite clear lungs. The only thing was: I hadn't read that chapter in the textbook yet. And I was too scared, insecure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help.This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, but what's particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of students as naive as I, and how many more will?86. Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital? ?[A]He himself wanted to have practice.[B]Students of all majors had to do so.[C]It was part of his medical training.[D]He was on a research team.87. We learn that the author’s team members had __.[A]much practical experience[B]adequate knowledge[C]long been working there [D]some professional deficiency88. While the author was examining Mr. Adams, all the following symptoms caught hisattention EXCEPT __ __.[A]moving difficulty [B]steady temperature[C]faster heart rate [D]breathing problem89. “His symptoms had been textbook” means that his symptoms were _ ___.[A]part of the textbook[B]no longer in the textbook[C]recently included in the textbook[D]explained in the textbook90. At the end of the passage, the author expresses __ __ about the medical education system.[A]optimism[B]hesitation[C]concern[D]supportTEXT C?The war on smoking, now five decades old and counting, is one of the nation's greatest public health success stories - but not for everyone.As a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the US smoked; today fewer than two in ten do. But some states - Kentucky, South Dakota and Alabama to name just a few - seem to have missed the message that smoking is deadly.Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan. 11, 1964, by the first Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases was major news then. The hazards of smoking were just starting to emerge.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually ananti-smoking movement that shifted the nation's attitude on smoking. Then, smokers were cool. Today, many are outcasts, rejected by restaurants, bars, public buildings and even their own workplaces. Millions of lives have been saved.The formula for success is no longer guesswork: Adopt tough warning labels, air public service ads, fund smoking cessation programs and impose smoke-free laws. But the surest way to prevent smoking, particularly among price-sensitive teens, is to raise taxes. If you can stop them from smoking, you've won the war. Few people start smoking after turning 19.The real-life evidence of taxing power is powerful. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $2.42 on every pack -- three times the average tax in the states with the highest smoking rates.New York has the highest cigarette tax in the country, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 percent of teens smoke, far below the national average of 18 percent. Compare that with Kentucky, where taxes are low (60 cents), smoking restrictions are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York's. Other low-tax states have similarly dismal records.Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor. True, but so do the deadly effects of smoking, far worse than a tax. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund initiatives that help smokers quit or persuade teens not to start.Anti-smoking forces have plenty to celebrate this week, having helped avoid 8 million premature deaths in the past 50 years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not won.91. What does "counting" mean in the context?[A] Continuing. [B] Including.[C] Calculating. [D] Relying on.92. According to the context, "Their failure" refers to__ _____.[A] those adults who continue to smoke[B] those states that missed the message[C] findings of the report[D] hazards of smoking93. The following are all efforts that led to the change of attitude on smokingEXCEPT_____.[A] rejecting by the public[B] cigarette warning labels[C] anti-smoking campaigns[D] anti-smoking legislation94. According to the author, raising tax on cigarettes___ ____.[A] is unfair to the poor [B] is an effective measure[C] increases public revenue [D] fails to solve the problem95. What is the passage mainly about? ?[A] How to stage anti-smoking campaigns.[B] The effects of the report on smoking and health.[C] Tax as the surest path to cut smoking.[D] The efforts to cut down on teenage smoking.TEXT DAttachment Parenting is not Indulgent Parenting. Attachment parents do not "spoil" their children. Spoiling is done when a child is given everything that they want regardless of what they need and regardless of what is practical. Indulgent parents give toys for tantrums(发脾气), ice cream for breakfast. Attachment parents don't give their children everything that they want, they give their children everything that they need. Attachment parents believe that love and comfort are free and necessary. Not sweets or toys.Attachment Parenting is not "afraid of tears" parenting. Our kids cry. The difference is that we understand that tantrums and tears come from emotions and not manipulation. And ourchildren understand this too, They cry and have tantrums sometimes, of course. But they do this because their emotions are so overwhelming that they need to get it out. They do not expect to be "rewarded" for their strong negative emotions; they simply expect that we will listen. We pick up our babies when they cry, and we respond to the tears of our older children because we believefirmly that comfort is free, love is free, and that when a child has need for comfort and love, it is our job to provide those things. We are not afraid of tears. We don't avoid them. We hold our children through them and teach them that when they are hurt or frustrated we are here to comfort them and help them work through their emotions.Attachment Parenting is not Clingy Parenting. I do not cling to my children, In feet, I'm pretty free-range. As soon as they can move they usually move away from me and let me set up a chase as they crawl, run, skip and hop on their merry way to explore the world, Sure, I carry them and hug them and chase them and kiss them and rock them and sleep with them, But this is not me following them everywhere and pulling them back to me. This is me being a home base. The "attachment" comes from their being allowed to attach to us, not from us attaching to them like parental leeches.Attachment Parenting is not Selfish Parenting. It is also not selfless parenting, We are not doing it for us, and we are not doing it to torment ourselves,Attachment parenting is not Helicopter Parenting. I don't hover, I supervise, I follow, I teach, I demonstrate, I explain. I don't slap curious hands away, I show how to do things safely, I let my child do the things that my child wishes to do, first with help and then with supervision and finally with trust, I don't insist that my 23 month old hold my hand when we walk on the sidewalk because I know that I can recall him with my voice because he trusts me to allow him to explore and he trusts me to explain when something is dangerous and to help him satisfy his curiosities safely.Most of the negative things that I hear about "attachment parents" are completely off-base and describe something that is entirely unlike Attachment Parenting. Attachment Parenting is child-centric and focuses on the needs of the child. Children need structure, rules, and boundaries. Attachment Parents simply believe that the child and the parent are allies, not adversaries, And that children are taught, not trained.96. What makes attachment parents different from indulgent parents is that they ? .A. show more love to their childrenB. think love is more importantC. prefer both love and toys in parentingD. dislike ice cream or sweets97. According to the author, what should parents do when their kids cry??A. Providing comfort and love.B. Trying to stop kids crying.C. Holding them till they stop.D. Rewarding kids with toys.98. What does “free-range” mean according to the passage?A. Fond of providing a home base.B. Ready to play games with my kids.C. Curious to watch what games they play.D. Willing to give kids freedom of movement.99. Which of the following is NOT attachment parenting? ?A. Fostering their curiosity.B. Standing by and protecting.C. Showing them how things are done.D. Helping them do the right thing.100. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. How to foster love in children.B. How to build child confidence.C. Different types of parenting.D. Parent-child relationships.答案解析：PART I DICTATIONMale and Female Roles in MarriageIn the traditional marriage, the man worked to earn money for the family. / The woman stayed at home to care for the children and her husband. / In recent years, many couples continue to have a traditional relationship of this kind. / Some people are happy with it. But others think differently. /There are two major differences in male and female roles now. / One is that both men and women have many more choices. / They may choose to marry or stay single. / They may choose to work or to stay at home. / A second difference is that, within marriage many decisions are shared. / If a couple has children, the man may take care of them /some of the time, all of the time or not at all. / The woman may want to stay at home / or she may want to go to work. / Men and women now decide these things together in a marriage.听写指导：由题目可以判定，文章围绕男性和女性在婚姻中的角色展开，第一段介绍了传统婚姻中两性的角色，而第二段对当今社会中两性在婚姻中的角色进行了具体的论述。