Chapter 2 History

英美文化课后答案2Lecture 2 HistoryTell wheher each of the following statements is true or false1-10: FTTFT/TFTFF 11-20: FTTTF/FTTFFFill in the blanks with the correct information.1. Celt2. Romans3.5th4. Viking; 10665. Hundred Years’ War6. York7. divorce8.11 9. Elizabeth I; Queen Victoria 10. America 11. 1492 12. Virginia; 1607 13. Thanksgiving Day 14. 13 15. Declaration of Independence 16. 4th of July 17. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 18. 1865 19. World War I 20. World War II 21. Puritans, religious, Mayflower 22. Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, National Day 23. Monroe Doctrine, colonize, interfere 24. agrarian, industrial, Andrew Jackson 25. Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, slavery 26. 1932, recovery, New DealChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in text.1-10: ABDCD/CBDAB 11-20: CBDCB/DCADD 21-30: BDABA/DCBCBExplain the following terms.1. The Anglo-SaxonsIn the 5th century, the tribes called the Angles and Saxons invaded Britain, coming from northern Europe. By the end of the 5th century, the Anglo-Saxons ruled most of Britain. Their language was called Old English. From them comes the name of “England” and “English”; England came from “Angle-land” meaning the land of the Anglo-Saxons.2. Norman ConquestAfter King Edward died, Duke William of Normandy, from northern France, declared that Edward had promised to let him become the king. On October 14, 1066, William and his army invaded England and defeated the English army. He was made king and crowned in Westminster Abby on Christmas Day, 1066. William is often referred to as William the Conqueror in English history.3. Robin HoodEngland's best-loved legend of Robin Hood is an outlawed Saxon nobleman oppressed by the Normans. He hid i n the forest near Sherwood with his band of followers, called “merry men”. From this secret wood, they went out to rob from the rich to give to the poor with their longbows. Robin Hood has been a popular subject of numerous films, television series, books, comics and plays.4. The Hundred Years’ WarAt the beginning of the 14th century, England developed into a stronger state in Europe. Consequently, the rich wanted to control more markets and the nobles wanted to regain their lost land. When King Edward III of England declared that he should become the French king, the French rejected his claim so he declared war on France in 1337. The war lasted intermittently for116 years, hence being known as the Hundred Years’ War.5. The Civil WarIn January 1642 the Civil War broke out between the Roundheads (supporters of Parliament) and the Cavaliers (supporters of the King). The Civil War ended with the Parliamentary victory and it led to the execution of Charles I, and his son Charles II was driven out of the country in 1649. In addition to that, Oliver Cromwell, the leader of the Roundheads,formed republican England, known as the Commonwealth of England and the English monarchy was abolished.6. American IndiansThe American Indians were the descendants of t he Mongoloid. The name “Indians” was given by Columbus when he mistook them for the people of India. It is believed that about 25,000 years ago the Indians crossed the Bering Strait land bridge to Alaska. The American Indians developed the brilliant civilizations of the Aztecs, the Incas and the Mayas.7. Columbus’ “discovery ” of AmericaIn 1492, Columbus persuaded the king and queen of Spain to finance his voyage. He believed that by sailing west from Europe, he could reach India. Columbus failed to reach India but landed at one of the Caribbean islands instead. He mistook these islands for part of India and called the local people Indians.8. The MayflowerThe Mayflower has a famous position in American history as a symbol of early European colonization. With their religion oppressed by the Church of England, in the autumn of 1620, 102 people sailed to the New World in a ship named the “Mayflower”. Late in December, the Mayflower finally landed in what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts.9. Declaration of IndependenceOn July 2, 1776, the Congress finally determined that these United Colonies ought to be free and independent states. Thomas Jefferson, assisted by Benjamin Franklin, drafted the Declaration of Independence, which the Congress adopted on July 4, 1776. It announced the independence of 13 North American colonies and the birth of a new nation.10. Abraham LincolnIn March 1861 Abraham Lincoln took the office of president. He realized that by making the war a battle against slavery, he could win support for the Union at home and abroad. On January 1, 1863, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which granted freedom to all slaves.11. William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare (1564-1616): English playwright and poet, whose body of works is considered as the greatest in English literature. His plays, many of which were performed at the Globe Theater in London, include historical works, comedies and tragedies. He also composed 154 sonnets and 36 plays.12. Sir Francis BaconSir Francis Bacon (1561-1626): English philosopher, essayist, courtier, jurist, and statesman. His writings include The Advancement of Learning (1605) and The Novum Organum (1620), in which he proposed a theory of scientific knowledge based on observation and experimentation that came to be known as the inductive method.13. Gunpowder PlotGunpowder Plot: Conspiracy of a group of English Catholics to blow up the Houses of parliament where King James I was present on 5 November, 1605. The plan was discovered and Guy Fawkes was caught and burnt alive. In England, 5 November is celebrated with bonfires, fireworks and the burning of the effigies.14. Great Fire of LondonGreat Fire of London (2-5 September, 1666): Worst fire in London’s history. It destroyed a large part of the city, including most of the civic buildings, St. Paul’s Cathedral, 87 parish churches, and about 13,000 houses. It began accidentally at the house of the king’s baker in Pudding Lane near London Bridge.15. Suez Canal CrisisSuez Canal Crisis: A major international incident that arose in 1956 from the decision by Gamal A. Nasser, President of Egypt, to nationalize the Suez Canal, which long had been controlled by Great Britain. After Nasser took over the canal, Britain and France induced Israel to provoke a conflict with Egypt that would serve as a pretext for an Anglo-French invasion of Egypt. The United States, which had been excluded from the planned invasion, denounced it. The incident severely damaged Anglo-American relations.16. John MajorJohn Major (1943- ): British banker and conservative politician, who served as Prime Minister from 1990 to 1997. during this administration, he advocated privatization, anti-inflationary budget discipline, and negotiations for peace in Northern Ireland.17. the First Continental CongressIn September 1774, 55 representatives from all the colonies except Georgia held a meeting in Philadelphia to talk about their troubles with their mother country. The meeting was called the First Continental Congress. At the meeting the majority of representatives still thought they could settle their quarrel with the British by peaceful means. They agreed to refuse to buy British goods, hoping in this way to force the British Government to give in to their demands. They also agreed to raise a volunteer army to protect the colonies if Britain used force to break the boycott.18. Louisiana PurchaseThe most glorious achievement of Jefferson as President was the Louisiana Purchase. The Louisiana Purchase, in 1803, gave Western farmer use of the important Mississippi River waterway, removed the French presence from the western border of US, provided US farmers with vast expanses of land, and furthered American leaders’ vision of creating a “Great Nation”.19. US-Spanish WarThe US-Spanish War broke out in April, 1898, lasted for only 70 days and ended with US as the victor. A peace treaty was signed in December 1898 in Paris. As a result of the war, Spain was forced to cede her former colonies Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines to US; US agreed to pay 20 million dollars for them in an attempt to put a good face on its foreign expansion. Cuba remained a US “protectorate”for some years, while the Philippines were not granted its independence until after the end of WW I. US seized Hawaii from Spain after the US-Spanish War. The US-Spanish War was the first imperialist war for re-dividing the world. It marked a new stage in which US transformed into an imperialist power. From that time the US began its modern history.20. roaring twentiesThe expression of “roaring twenties” is often used to describe the period of American life. The roaring twenties ushered in an exciting time of social change and economic prosperity, as the recession at the end of WW II was quickly replaced by an unprecedented period of financial growth. The stock market soared to unimaginable heights because of the so-called Second Industrial Revolution at the turn of the 20th century, which saw the development of new inventions and machines that changed American society drastically.21. Wathergate ScandalIn the presidential election year 1972, five men of the Committee for the Reelection of the President broke into the Democratic national headquarters at the Water Hotel, Washington, D.C., where they planted bugs in order to get information for the Committee. But unfortunately they were arrested. Although it was never approved that Nixon planned the Watergate break-in or that he ever knew about it beforehand, he was eventually forced out of office because he was found guilty for his effort to avoid the investigation and disclosures.。

Chapter Two History England in 878 A Brief History of the UKChapter Two History—A Brief History of the UK Elizabeth I A Brief History of the UK Objectives Starter Teaching Points Lesson Review Case Study Supplementary ReadingChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Objectives Acquire a general idea about the British history. Learn about the major stages and important figures in British history. Find out the influences of British history on other English speaking countries.Chapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Starter Tell about the following pictures and the special period related to them.Chapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK What a b cChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Stonehenge One of the wonders of the world which is believed to have been built from 4000 BC to 2000 BC. Now as a world heritage site Stonehenge and all its surroundings remain powerful witnesses to the once great civilizations of the Stone and Bronze Ages. Map showing the location of StonehengeChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Shakespeares Globe Theatre A theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. It was built in 1599 by Shakespeares playing company the Lord Chamberlains Men and was destroyed by fire on June 29 1613. A second Globe Theatre was rebuilt on the same site by June 1614 and closed in 1642. Interior of the modern reconstructionExterior of the modern reproduction of the GlobeChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK King Arthur A legendary figure in the 5th century AD in British history. According to the legend Arthur gathered a company of knights who sat together at Arthur‘s castle. He created the famous ―round table‖ at which all would have equal right to be the king sense of democracy. H e united the British and with his magical sword Excalibur drove the Saxons back. adanno dominiin the year of our lord from Greek The Lady of the Lake gives Excalibur to King Arthur Statue of King ArthurChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Teaching Points A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE UKChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Pre-reading: Give a brief introduction of the historic periods of the UK by referring to the following chart. Pre-Celtic Period Celtic Age and Roman Invasion 1500BC-410AD Anglo-Saxon Britain Viking raids维京海盗突袭）and Norman invasion 410-1066 Norman Rule 1066-1381 Transition to the Modern Age 1455-1688 Rise and Fall of the British Empire 1688-1945Chapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Historic Time Major Incidents Periods Roman Period 43—410 Christianity was brought to Britain Norman Rule 1066—1381 Magna Carta Black Death Transition to 1455—1688 The War of Roses English Renaissance Modern Age Rise of British 1688—1900 Industrial Revolution Colonial Expansion Empire Fall of British WWI WWII 1914—1945 Empire Great DepressionChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Pre-Celtic Period Celtic Age and Roman Invasion 1500BC －410AD The first Celtic tribes the Gaels（苏格兰高地的居民）came to the British Isles between 800 and 700 BC. Two centuries later the Brythons（居住在不列颠的凯尔特人）or ancient Britons came from whom the country was called Britain. British-recorded history begins with the Roman invasion in 43AD under Claudius I Since then England and Wales had been a part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400 years.Chapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Pushing into Scotland The Romans built a gigantic wall Hadrian‗s Wall to control the frontier，the northwestern boundary of the Roman Empire. The Romans also brought the new religion Christianity to Britain. The location of Hadrians Wall Hadrians WallChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK When the Roman Empire came under the repeated attacks from the Picts皮克特人）and Scots and the invasion of the Germanic Saxontribes the Roman army pulled out of Britain in 410 AD leading to the swift breakdown of Roman civilization. It is said that in the 5th century AD King Arthur united Britain and drove the Saxons out of the country with his magical sword Excalibur. King ArthurChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Anglo-Saxon Britain Viking raids and Norman invasion 410 －1066 Invaders of three Teutonic（日耳曼条顿人）tribes came to Britain in the mid-5th century. –firstly the Jutes（fishing and farming from southern Denmark in the mid-5th century –the Saxonsusers of short sword from northern Germany from the end of 5th century to the beginning of the 6th century –the Anglesnorthern Germany who came in the second half of the 6th century and who were to give their name to the English people. English the language of the Angles replace the old celtic and the country became known as England meaning the land of UKChapter Two History— A Brief History of the the Angles Alfred the Great By 850AD the country was under sustained attacks from Norwegian Viking raids. The Saxon king Alfred the Great also known as ―Father of the British Navy‖ gradually pushed the Vikings northwards and eventually into the sea. By 955 Alfred‘s grandson Ethelred ruled over Eadred a united England and the government became centralized.Chapter Two History—A Brief History of the UK Viking invasions renewed till 1066 when King Harold marched north and won a victory over the Vikings. On October 1066 William of Normandy known as ―William the Conqueror‖ defeated Harold‘s army and crowned himself William I in London on Christmas Day 1066 becoming the first Norman king of William the Conqueror England.Chapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK This period can be characterised as a transition from a tribal to feudal society. TheAnglo-Saxons brought their own Teutonic religion to Britain. The names Tuesday Wednesday Thursday and Friday respectively derive from their gods. — Tiu—god of war — Woden—king of heaven — Thor—god of storms — Freya—goddess of peace Christianity almost disappeared until 597 when Pope Gregory I of Roman came to England and began to convert the heathen 异教徒）English to Christianity. Pope Gregory IChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Norman Rule 1066 －1381 Under William the Conqueror the feudal system was completely established. — He confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. — He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. — Relations with the Continents were opened. — Norman French culture language manners Priory Church and architecture were introduced. — The church was kept completely under the control of the king. — The Norman culture flowered on the English soil. — Monasteries formed the new cultural centers. Monastic CommunityChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Economic administrative and legal reforms from Henry II the first king of the House of Plantagenet: —abolishing the annual land tax —strengthening the king‘s Court and extending its judicial work —reforming certain abuses in Church Henry II government by restricting the power of the archbishopChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK。