新高一英语初升高英语衔接班第2讲—定语从句

定语从句（初高考点差异及衔接）定义：1.定语从句——在复合句中，作定语修饰名词或代词的从句(句意: …的）作用相当于形容词。

2.先行词——被定语从句修饰的那个名词3.关系词——引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。

在定语从句中，先行词可代替先行词在从句中充当成分。

考点1 3组易混关系代词的用法辨析1. 只用that不用which的情况(1)先行词是all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none等不定代词时。

All that you need to do is focus on one thing.(2)先行词被the only, any, few, no, very等修饰时。

Australia is the only country that is also a continent.(3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。

This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.(4)先行词既有人又有物时。

Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?(5)当主句是以which或who开头的疑问句时。

Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the man that is reading over there?(6)当主句是以here, there开头时。

Here is the hotel that you have been looking for.(7)先行词在主句中作表语, 而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。

Shandong is no longer the province that it used to be.2. 只用which不用that的情况(1)关系代词前有介词时。

M1U1 Grammar－“定语从句介绍”和“关系代词”第一部分：自主探究Ⅰ英语中的定语形容词作定语The little boy needs a blue pen.Tom is a handsome boy.数词作定语相当于形容词：Two boys need two pens.（两个男孩需要两支钢笔。

代词或名词所有格作定语：His name is Tom.There are two boys of Tom's there.那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。

介词短语作定语The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。

The boy in blue is Tom.穿蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆。

There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。

名词作定语The boy needs a ball pen.男孩需要一支圆珠笔。

副词作定语The boy there needs a pen.（there修饰名词boy）/那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。

The best boy here is Tom.（best修饰名词boy）/这里最棒的男孩是Tom。

不定式作定语The boy to write this letter needs a pen.（ to write this letter 修饰名词boy）/写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。

There is nothing to do today.（to do 修饰名词nothing）/今天没有事要做。

分词（短语）作定语The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.（ smiling 修饰名词boy；bought by his mother修饰名词pen）/那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。

初高中英语衔接课程讲义：定语从句专题十：定语从句的考点集汇，讲解和训练备战2011届高考英语（通用版）一轮复习专题01 定语从句一、定语从句的意义形容词性从句一般称为定语从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。

被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

定语从句的位置：一般置于先行词之后，由关系代词和关系副词引导。

二、关系词的用法引导定语从句的关系代词有which，that，who，whom，whose。

关系副词有when，where，why等。

关系代词和关系副词不仅有连接先行词和从句的作用，而且在从句中担当一个句子成分。

1.关系代词的用法：1)由who引导的定语从句关系代词who只能指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。

如：A teacher is a person who passes knowledge to the student.教师是传授知识的人。

（关系代词在从句中作主语）The man who can do this work will get 1000 dollars.能够做此工作的人将获得1000美元。

（关系代词who在从句中作主语）2)由whom引导的定语从句关系代词whom只能指人，是who的宾格，在从句中作宾语，在口语中常常省略。

如：The man whom you met on the street is my father.你在街上碰到的那个人是我父亲。

（关系代词who在从句中作宾语，可以省略）The woman (whom)you talked with yesterday will come here the day after tomorrow.昨天和你谈话的那位妇女后天来这儿。

（关系代词whom在从句中作宾语，可以省略）3)由that引导的定语从句关系代词that在从句中既可以作主语，又可作宾语；既可指人，又可指物。

如：She is the woman that often comes here.她就是常常来这儿的那个妇女。

新高一英语通用版初升高英语衔接班第2讲——定语从句课后练习（答题时间：25分钟）1. Was it in the shop_____ sold children’s clothing that you lost your wallet?A. /B. whereC. thatD. when2. Thank you for the difficulty_____ you have had painting the house.A. whenB. /C. whyD. where3. Is there anyone around the factory_____knows how to operate the computer?A. whoB. whichC. whereD. in which4. Is this the farm _____you visited last week?A. whereB. the oneC. on whichD. /5. She was much disappointed to see the beautiful cloth_____ she had made_____with lots of spots.A. which; coverB. that; coveredC. /; coveringD. where; covering6. Lincoln,_____ life was once hard, were elected President of American.A. for whomB. whoC. to whomD. /7. —Do you know the man ______is talking with your father？—Yes, he’s our headmaster.A. heB. whoC. whichD. whom8. Is this the river _____I can swim？A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. the one9. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. it10. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day？A. that you boughtB. you bought itC. that you bought itD. which you bought it11. Anyone ______with what I said may put up your hands.A. which agreesB. who agreeC. who agreesD. which agree12. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.A. thatB. itC. whichD.who13. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gateA. who’s B whose C. that D. of which.14. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.A. which；isB. whom；wasC. who；isD. who；was15. I love places ______the people are really friendly.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. who16. The world ______ is made up of matter.A. in that we liveB. on which we liveC. where we live inD. we live in17. Do you know which hotel __________?A. she is stayingB. she is staying inC. is she stayingD. is she staying in18. There is only one thing __________ I can do.A. whatB. that C . all D. which19. Who can think of a situation _________ this idiom can be used?A. whichB. thatC. whereD. in that20. I have many books, some of __________ are on chemistry.A. themB. thatC. whichD. those21. They were interested __________ you told them.A. in whichB. in thatC. all thatD. in everything22. The great day we looked forward to _________ at last.A. comeB. cameC. comingD. comes23. I like the second football match _________ was held last week.A. whichB. whoC. thatD. /24. I don’t like __________ you speak to her.A. the wayB. the way in thatC. the way whichD. the way of which25. He is not __________ a fool __________.A. such, as he is lookedB. such, as he looksC. as, as he is lookedD. so, as he looks【试题答案】1. C2. B3. A4. D5. B6. A7. B8. B9. C 10. A 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. C 16. D 17. B 18. B 19. C 20.C 21. D 22. B 23. C 24. A 25.B。

定语从句一，基本关系词的选择简述想到定语从句，大家就得有的一个概念就是它是形容词性从句，也就是说，定语从句是一个后置定语。

先行词是龙头，通过关系词后面连着一条长长的龙尾，这便是定语从句的一般形态。

所有的关系代词和关系副词回顾：◆提到定语从句，我们首先要映入脑海的是三大关系代词：which, who, that.定语从句有一个非常重要的特征就是关系词作宾语时可以省略，而且常常省略。

The story I heard yesterday is very excited!练习：Fill in the blanks with all the possible answers1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. (which)2.The six blind men asked for money from those ______ passed by.(who)3.Ms Chancery is the teacher _______ I like best .(who/whom/不填）4.Is this the book ______ you wanted to borrow last time? （which/that/不填）5.Can you tell me the name of the museum ______ you visited last month? （which/that/不填）6.Have you ever asked him the reason ______ may explain his absence. （which/that)7.Are you pleased with all ______ I have said? （that）8.The two things ______ they felt very proud of were their house and the diamond ring. （that/which/不填）9. Is this the calculator ______ you borrowed from Jane? （that/which/不填）10. The years and months ______ we spent together are really wonderful to us all.(that/which/不填）二：只能用that和只能用which的情况◆只能用that而不用which的情况：五字口诀（最不数人物）➢（最）先行词被形容词最高级或被the only,the very, any, few, little, no ,all, one of等修饰时It is the most important task that should be finished soon.（这是必须马上完成的任务。

第二讲定语从句二目标导航：1.衔接第三单元经典背记和语法难点，锻炼认知策略中的复述策略2.复习和掌握第一、二单元的基础语法知识3.通过自我检测做一些基础检查和巩固提高，提高认知能力一、知识整合（一）概念（1）限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不完整。

限制性定语从句的引导词可用关系代词that, which, who( whom, whose), as和关系副词when, where, why。

（2）非限制性定语从句：非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。

这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。

引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who, whom, whose , 指物时用which , whose; 关系副词when，where, etc。

（没有代词that和副词why）。

例：1. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.2. Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.3. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.4. He was proud, which his brother never was.（二）易混淆的关系代词的比较(A) as & whichas & which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：1) 位置的不同：which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后；as位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。

定语从句知识点梳理一、基本概念1) Mary is a 21-year-old student.She is a nice girl.2) Mary is a student 21 years old.Mary is a student in her twenties.3) Mary is a student who is 21 years old.attributive clause（定语从句：修饰主句中名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

）antecedent (先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。

)Mary is a student who is 21 years old.(先行词) (关系代词)The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.(先行词) (关系副词)3. Introduce relative pronouns : which, that, who, whom and whose.Introduce relative adverbs: where, why and when.Introduce the functions of the relative words. (Page 8)①指代先行词；②位于从句句首，连接定语从句与主句；③并在定语从句中充当从句某一成分。

二、关系代词的用法（一）基本用法根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。

例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分）①Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week?②I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published.③The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last.④This is the new secretary (who/whom/that)I would like to introduce to you.⑤The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay.注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。