英汉互译技巧 3
- 格式:ppt
- 大小:629.00 KB
- 文档页数:26


《英汉互译》学习体会
这一学期的英汉互译学习,学到的内容非常多,远远不止以下十点,那我就提取出众多内容中的十点,来做一下阐述:
1被动语态。被动句在英语中的使用大大多于在汉语中的使用。原因是主体思维意识的差异。中国人讲究“天人合一”和“悟性”而西方人讲究“人物分立”“天人各一”。因此汉语中有大量主动形式表达被动意义的被动句,并且主动形式被动句的使用比被字结构的更常用。例如: He was thrown into grieved by the death of his friend. 他由于朋友的去世而陷入悲伤之中。: Jenny was introduced into the new class
by Tom. 珍妮是通过汤姆进入班级的。 还常用具有被动意义的词来表被动,如:“被⋯⋯”,“受⋯⋯”,“给⋯⋯”,“为⋯⋯所”等。例如:她很受大家喜欢。
2正确选词义。一词多类、一词多义是英语词汇的一大特点。因此要通过上下文来分析。
1) He got all the credit for the discovery.
1)他因这项发现而获得各项荣誉。
2) They sold grain on credit during time of famine.
2)饥荒季节,他们则赊销粮食。
3) How much do I have to my credit?
3)我们的银行户头上还有多少存款?
每个句子中的 credit,其词义都有所区别
3英汉互译中词性转换。英语是印欧语系,汉语是汉藏语系,所以在词汇,语法结构和表达方式都有很大差别。
He is entirely independent of your help.
他绝对不靠你的帮助。(independent为形容词,译成了动词。)
I barreled straight ahead,across the harbor and out over the sea.
韩刚B2A“译点通”笔译独家秘笈之:汉译英十大技巧
一、中文结构“三步走”。主要是指涉及政府外宣类题材的句子结构划分技巧。所谓“三步走”,具体是指:中文长句中,第一步给出理念、指导方针或原则,第二步具体阐述在这种方针原则的指导下都做了什么或者要做什么,第三步给出结果或者要实现的目标。在具体行文时,可以按照“每一步”信息的多少进行“逐步”切句或者灵活整合。有了“三步走”原则, 长句一点儿都不可怕!这一汉英句式逻辑分析技巧在实操训练中非常实用也极易掌握!详见各循环相关实例分析。
二、“孰轻孰重”要分明。主要是指中英句子结构差异:中文结构“前轻后重”,中文结构事实、背景在前,表态、判断、结论在后,英文恰恰相反,是“前重后轻”。结构差异了然于胸,“表态判断为主,事实背景为从”,在翻译时有了这样一个主从句框架搭建原则,逻辑一目了然,译文自然“行云流水”!详见各循环相关实例分析。
三、结构搭建“三剑客”。主要是指汉译英时结构搭建常用的三个功能词或形式,即as, ing, with。译文结构好不好,它们说了算!可以不夸张地说,谁尽早熟练掌握了这三个功能词或形式,谁就能尽早步入汉英翻译的殿堂!详见各循环相关实例分析。
四、同义重复“并译”行。主要是指中文具有前后呼应、信息重叠的特点,经常使用四字甚至八字表达同一意思,英译时必须压缩合并减译,提取核心意思,力求简洁、流畅,如: 骄傲与自豪,千山万水,你中有我、我中有你,等等。中文还有一个典型特点,即“双动词现象”,如:调整和优化,提高和加强,保障和改善民生,加强和完善。以“调整和优化”为例,这两个词在具体上下文中往往属于同义动词,调整的目的就是优化,而优化就是一种调整,直接取同义翻译即可。详见各循环相关实例分析。
五、“千变万化”增张力。主要是指中英翻译要“千变万化”,“同义发散”,选取不同角度对同一内容进行诠释,使用同义词进行替换等等,以此来凸显英文语言的多变性。这与平时大家学习英文写作的要求完全一致,即,同义词替换多多益善!要从写作的高度看翻译!详见各循环相关实例分析。
1 英译汉40篇:
1. Quitting smoking is more of a matter of willpower than of individual choice, for
smoking is widely recognized as addictive. Although counseling and medication can
increase the odds that a smoker quits permanently, the best way to avoid dilemmas is never
to take up smoking to begin with.
The irreversible effects of cigarette smoking vary in intensity and are related both to
the amount and duration of exposure and the age at which the person is initially exposed.
This report challenges the notion that a few years of exposure to smoking will have no
lasting harmful consequences. We hope to discourage this prevalent but vital habit and
suggest that tobacco-related health effects decline substantially as time away from smoking
increases.
2. This book derives from decades of teaching in various schools across the country. It is
1 1、他这次考试失败使他意识到定期复习功课是多么重要。
He failed in the exam, which has made him aware of the importance of reviewing his
lessons regularly.
2、请一定不要忘记离家前你父母对你说过的话。
Be sure not to forget what your parents said to you before you left home.
3、我确信她的英语知识对这项工作来说是足够的。
I‟m sure her knowledge of English is adequate for the job.
4、这篇文章的目的是告诉学生怎么培养良好的学习习惯。
The purpose of his article is to tell the students how to develop good study habits.
5、在当今时代,人们越来越多地依靠计算机来解决各种各样的难题。
In our age, people depend more on computers to solve various kinds of difficult problems.
6、略读不仅帮助你对将要阅读的东西有所了解,还帮助你读得快些,提高你的阅读理解力。
Skimming not only helps you get some idea of what you are going to read, but also helps
you read faster and improve your comprehension.
7、有些人认为男孩子考试成绩总是比女孩子好。然而,事实未必如此。
Some people think that boys performance on tests is always better than girls. That is not