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必修3Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars要点梳理高效梳理·知识备考●重点单词1．astronomy n．天文学→astronomer n．天文学家2．system n．系统；体系；制度3．theory n．学说；理论→theoretical adj.理论上的4．globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→global adj.全球性的；全世界的5．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.猛烈地6．atmosphere n．大气层；气氛7．unlike prep.不同；不像→dislike vt.不喜欢8．presence n．出席；到场；存在→present adj. & n. & v．在场的；目前，现在；出席；颁发，授予9．harmful adj.有害的；伤害的→harm n．危害，害处→harmless adj.无害的10．exist vi.存在，生存→existence n．存在，生存11．puzzle n．谜；难题vt. & vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难→puzzled adj.迷惑的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的12．gravity n．万有引力；重力13．satellite n．卫星；人造卫星14．climate n．气候15．spaceship n．宇宙飞船16．pull n. & vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力17．float vi. & vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n．漂浮物18．mass n．质量；团；块；大量；(复)群众●重点短语1．in time 及时；终于2．lay eggs 下蛋3．give birth to产生；分娩4．in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着5．prevent...from 阻止；制止6．block out挡住(光线)7．cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋8．now that 既然9．break out突发；爆发10．watch out密切注视；当心；提防11．cool down 冷却12．as well as 也；还有……13．depend on依靠；依赖，取决于14．get close to 靠近●重点句型1．This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。
Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars[单词拼写应用]7．react v．反应→ reaction n．反应；回应阅读单词1．fundamental adj.基本的；基础的2．chain n．链子；连锁；锁链3．dissolve vt.&vi.溶解；解散4．multiply vi.& vt.乘；增加5.gravity n．万有引力；重力6．extinct adj.灭绝的；绝种的7．solar adj.太阳的；日光的8．satellite n．卫星；人造卫星9.spaceship n．宇宙飞船10．mammal n．哺乳动物11．lessen vi.&vt.减少；减轻12．weightlessly adv.失重地(2017·某某卷)Mac heard a large vehicle behind him.He pulled in front of it as the wolf was catching up fast, just a dozen yards away now.停车[短语多维应用]高频短语1．in time及时；终于2．prevent...from阻止；制止3．now that既然4．cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋5．lay eggs下蛋6．give birth to产生；分娩[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)Now ①that we all understand that thehaze is harmful to our health，we shouldtake effective measures to prevent it②from getting from bad to worse.Nomatter what happens，we must cheer ③up and try to reduce the pollution.Ifwe keep on，we'll succeed ④in time. 7．in one's turn轮到某人8．watch out for密切注意；当心；提防9．depend on依靠；取决于10．break out突发；爆发11．block out挡住(光线)[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)A fire broke⑤out in the building lastnight.Luckily，the firefightersarrived in time and put out the fire.Wewere warned to watch out ⑥for12．get the hang of熟悉；掌握；理解13．at midnight在午夜electricity and gas when cooking our meals.Thanks to the firefighters' help，we were not injured.They are the men that we can depend ⑦on when we are in trouble.[句式结构仿写]教材原句背诵句式仿写应用1．make＋ it＋adj.＋for sb.＋ to do This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)我认为我们参加晚宴时带点小礼物是个好主意。
Unit 4 Astronomy ：the science of the stars一、课前基础自查(一)分类记单词——省时高效(二)练中记短语——记牢用活(三)仿写明句式——以用为本二、课堂重点深化1．harmful adj .有害的 [自主体验] 单句语法填空①As we all know, a bad eating habit is harmful (harm) to one's health. ②As far as I'm concerned, there is no harm in making an apology to him first. 补全句子③These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are common, causing/doing_serious_harm_to life and the environment.这些天，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了严重的破坏。
[系统归纳]⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫ do/cause sb./sth.harmng sth. It does no harm to do sth.[重点强化] 易错对对碰(to/for)④As we all know, the polluted water and air are harmful to people's health. ⑤Anyway, the news seems to be good for you. 佳句时时写(一句多译)众所周知，过量饮酒对我们的健康有害。
⑥Whatisknowntousisthatdrinkingtoomuchis_harmful_to_our_health.(harmful)⑦It is known to us that drinking too much does_harm_to_our_health.(harm n ．) 2．exist vi .存在；生存 [自主体验] 单句语法填空①Even though he is a little boy, strange ideas always exist in his mind. ②Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence (exist)．③The parking place for bikes was an existing (exist) problem for a long time in our school.[系统归纳]佳句时时写④众所周知，老人和年轻人之间存在代沟。
话题14 宇宙知识〔Unit 4 Astronomy the science of thestars〕晨读背诵1. get started开场2. grasp/seize the opportunity 抓住时机3. set foot in China踏上中国土地4. as sb. puts it正如某人所说5. enjoy a boom in scientific and technological development有科技开展兴隆6. send satellites into space发射卫星到太空7. first manned space flight首次载人太空飞行8. deadly disease致命疾病9. to name (just) a few仅以这些为例10. name after the atest technology of the time以那个时期最新技术为名11. give rise to引起12. in some/most cases在某些/大多数情况下13. the same is true for ……也适用于14. run a company 经营公司15. aim at sth./doing以做……为目16. for the time being 暂时根底知识自测一、单词拓展(A)根据音标及词义写出英文单词｡1. astronomy [əˈstrɒnəmɪ] n.天文学→astronomer [əˈstrɒnəmə(r)] n.天文学家2. system [ˈsɪstəm] n.系统;体系;制度3. theory [ˈθɪərɪ] n.学说;理论→theoretical [θɪəˈretɪk(ə)l] adj.理论上4. globe [ɡləʊb] n.球体;地球仪;地球→global [ˈɡləʊb(ə)l] adj.全球性;全世界5. violent [ˈvaɪələnt] adj.猛烈;剧烈;强暴→violence [ˈvaɪələns] n.暴力→violently [ˈvaɪələntlɪ]adv.猛烈地6. atmosphere [ˈætməsfɪə(r)] n.大气层;气氛7. unlike [ʌnˈlaɪk] prep.不同;不像→dislike [dɪsˈlaɪk] vt.不喜欢8. presence [ˈprezəns] n.出席;到场;存在→present [ˈprez(ə)nt] adj. & n. & v.在场;目前,现在;出席;颁发,授予9. harmful ['hɑ:mful]adj.有害;伤害→harm [hɑːm] n.危害,害处→harmless [ˈhɑːmlɪs]10. exist [ɪɡˈzɪst] vi.存在,生存→existence [ɪɡˈzɪst(ə)ns] n.存在,生存11. puzzle [ˈpʌz(ə)l] n.谜;难题vt. & vi.(使)迷惑;(使)为难→puzzled [ˈpʌz(ə)ld]adj.迷惑→puzzling [ˈpʌz(ə)lɪŋ]adj.令人迷惑12. gravity [ˈɡrævɪtɪ] n.万有引力;重力13. satellite [ˈsætəlaɪt] n.卫星;人造卫星14. climate [ˈklaɪmɪt] n.气候15. spaceship [ˈspeɪsʃɪp] n.宇宙飞船16. pull [pʊl] n. & vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力17. float [fləʊt] vi. & vt.(使)浮动;(使)漂浮n.漂浮物18. mass [mæs] n.质量;团;块;大量;(复)群众(B)单词活用用所给词正确形式填空。
高考英语总复习 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars练案+学案新人教版必修3概括大意Science is not just knowledge；it is a way of thinking，a method of finding out about the world.We see something，we try to explain it，and we test our idea by setting up all experiments.One day you come home and find the plant on the table has fallen over.You think it might be the wind from the open window or the cat.So you close the window，but leave the cat in and see what happens (you can also try leaving the window open and shutting the cat out)．Of course，you remember there may be a third explanation.此段落的大意是：__________________________________What exactly is science?课前10分钟漫画欣赏画面描述Two goats are tied to each other with a rope.They both see some grass in opposite directions，and try to pull to get their own food.However the rope is too short to allow them to eat their food.寓意理解Cooperation is better than conflict.Our goal is not that we get something and the other gets nothing，but that all people get what they want.Thus，cooperation will benefit everyone.你能否对此加以扩展，写一篇120词左右的小短文？课堂双基回归Ⅰ.词义辨析1．AIDS is a disease that breaks down the body’s immune ______.A．situation B．origin C．system D．preservation 2．________ crimes such as murder or rape are on the increase in this district.A．Genuine B．Violent C．Fundamental D．Secure 3．The ________ at home has been depressing since they had thatfight.A．atmosphere B．background C．emergency D．occasion 4．The festival has been a great success，________ last yearwhen it rained nonstop.A．besides B．beyond C．despite D．unlike CBAD5．The Government fears the strike may produce a____ reaction in other industries.A．float B．atom C．series D．chain6．If you ________ three by three，you get nine.A．multiply B．puzzleC．seek D．combine7．There is no evidence that life ________ on otherplanets.A．responds B．ExistsC．explodes D．sinksDAB8．For the sake of her daughter’s health，she decided tomove to a warm ________.A．weather B．TemperatureC．season D．climate9．Three people were killed when their car ________ into alorry.A．charged B．CrashedC．balanced D．glared10．The sound of her voice came ________ down from anupstairs window.A．floating B．settlingC．blocking D．packingBDAⅡ.短语填空in time；now that；break out；get close to；cheer up；givebirth to；in one’s turn；watch out；block out；get the hang of1．Don’t worr y—I’m sure things will get better ________.2．We congratulated her on a fine healthybaby.3．Now that we have finished designing，the company，________ ，should do the constructing work.4．The wall ________ all the light.It should be pulled down.in timegiving birth toin its turnblocks out5．She told her child to ________ when crossing the street.6．Using the computer isn’t difficult once you it. 7． you are grownup，you should not rely on yourparents.8．Should another world war ________，what would becomeof human beings?9．The crowd when they saw the teams arrive.10．Tell the children not to the cave.watch outget the hang ofNow thatbreak outcheered upget close toⅢ.完成句子1． (随着地球的冷却)，water began toappear on its surface.(cool)2．Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years tocome will (取决于这个问题能否得到解决)．(depend)3．When we get closer to the moon，we shall________________________(感到月球的引力在拉我们)．(pull)As the earth cooled downdepend on whether this problem can be solvedfeel its gravity pulling usⅣ.单项填空1．This produced a chain reaction，which made ____possible for life to develop.A．that B．them C．it D．one2．Li Yanping ________ that the force of gravity wouldchange three times on our journey.A．explained to me B．explained meC．explained with me D．explained me of3．As the rocket rose slowly into the air we began to feelthe pull of the earth，which is ________ we call gravity.A．how B．where C．when D．whatCAD4．But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried___ on the earth and fell over.A．as far as twice B．as twice far asC．twice as far as D．as far twice as5．We watched，________ as fire broke out on the outsideof the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.A．amazing B．amazedC．being amazing D．being amazedCB知识要点整合核心词汇梳理1．unlike prep.不像；和……不同Unlike his brother，he has a good sense of humor.和他兄弟不同，他有种幽默感。
闪堕市安歇阳光实验学校Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the starsⅠ.单项填空1．________a certain doubt among the workers as to the necessity of the work.A．It existed B．There existedC．There had D．It had解析句意：对于做这份工作的必要性，工人们存在一定的疑惑。
There exists/existed...有；存在；相当于There be....结构。
答案B2．When the young man came back，tired，he just forgot to turn on the radio and____missed the program.A．anyhow B．thusC．however D．somewhat解析句意为：这年轻人回来时，累了，他就忘了打开收音机，因而错过了那个节目。
anyhow不管怎样；thus如此；因此；这样；从而；however然而；somewhat 稍微；有点。
答案B3．—Darling，I didn't get promoted.—________！There will be loads of other opportunities.A．Well done B．What a pityC．Cheer up D．All right 解析答语句意：振作起来！还会有很多其他的机会的。
cheer up振作起来；well done做得很好；what a pity真遗憾；all right好。
答案C4．The police arrived twenty minutes later and________the crowd for the sake of safety.A．took up B．wound upC．woke up D．broke up解析考查动词短语。
Unit 4 Astronomy ：the science of the stars一、课前基础自查(一)分类记单词——省时高效(二)练中记短语——记牢用活(三)仿写明句式——以用为本二、课堂重点深化1．harmful adj .有害的 [自主体验] 单句语法填空①As we all know, a bad eating habit is harmful (harm) to one's health. ②As far as I'm concerned, there is no harm in making an apology to him first. 补全句子③These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are common, causing/doing_serious_harm_to life and the environment.这些天，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了严重的破坏。
[系统归纳]⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫ do/cause sb./sth.harmng sth. It does no harm to do sth.[重点强化] 易错对对碰(to/for)④As we all know, the polluted water and air are harmful to people's health. ⑤Anyway, the news seems to be good for you. 佳句时时写(一句多译)众所周知，过量饮酒对我们的健康有害。
⑥Whatisknowntousisthatdrinkingtoomuchis_harmful_to_our_health.(harmful)⑦It is known to us that drinking too much does_harm_to_our_health.(harm n ．) 2．exist vi .存在；生存 [自主体验] 单句语法填空①Even though he is a little boy, strange ideas always exist in his mind. ②Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence (exist)．③The parking place for bikes was an existing (exist) problem for a long time in our school.[系统归纳]佳句时时写④众所周知，老人和年轻人之间存在代沟。
As is known to us, there_exists_a_generation_gap between the young and the old.3．puzzle vt.(使)迷惑；(使)为难；(使)窘困n.(游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜[自主体验]单句语法填空①The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident could have happened.②She lost heart since she failed the exam, because her future was puzzling (puzzle)．③Hearing the manager's explanation, he had a puzzled (puzzle) expression on his face.[系统归纳]易错对对碰④There was a puzzled look on her face because a puzzling problem puzzled her.(puzzle)佳句时时写⑤事实上，困扰你的事情对于中国的许多父母来说也是一个难题。
What_puzzles_you_is_actually_a_puzzle_to many parents in China.1．in time及时；终于；迟早[自主体验]单句语法填空①As a proverb goes, “Where there's a will, there's a way.” Our efforts will pay off in time.②We reached on the top of Mount Tai, just in time to_enjoy (enjoy) the rising sun.③Luckily, I adapted to the new surroundings and everything returned to normal in no time.[系统归纳]易错对对碰(at a time/at one time)④You'd better do one thing at_a_time so that you can concentrate on it.⑤At_one_time,_people thought the sun travelled around the earth.佳句时时写⑥In my view, you should at no time lose heart whenever you are in trouble.(用倒装句升级句子)→In my view, at_no_time_should_you_lose_heart whenever you are in trouble.2．in one's turn轮到某人；接着[自主体验]单句语法填空①Now that we have finished the design, it is in their turn to construct.②It turned out that the young man was none other than the old man's son.[系统归纳]易错对对碰(by turns/take turns)③I think we'd better take_turns to drive the kids to school this week.④I think we'd drive the kids to school by_turns this week.佳句时时写⑤人们使用自己的小汽车避免公共交通延误，反过来，这将造成更多的问题。
People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, which in_turn_creates_more_problems.3．cheer up (使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋[自主体验]单句语法填空①Upon arriving at the classroom, the autho r was cheered up by a warm welcome.②Cathy didn't expect any award but was still there to cheer on her friends and praise their accomplishments.[系统归纳]佳句时时写(词汇升级)③When I'm feeling depressed, my mother tells me funny stories to make me happy.→When I'm feeling depressed, my mother tells me funny stories to cheer_me_up.4．make it＋adj./n.＋for sb.to do[教材原句]This produced a chain reaction, which made_it_possible_for_life_to_develop.[自主体验]①She made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.②People in the west make it a rule to_buy (buy) Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.③He is so stubborn, which makes it no use persuading (persuade) him to change his mind.[归纳点拨][佳句背诵]①(增分要点句)I have a good command of English, which makes it easier for me to find a good job.②(增分要点句)You have much experience in voluntary work so that I find it a good idea for you to apply for the position.5．倍数表达法[教材原句] But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice_as_far_as on the earth and fell over.[自主体验]①There are five_times_as_many_books in our library as in yours. 我们图书馆里的书是你们图书馆里的书的五倍。
②据我所知，这个城市是那个城市的三倍大。
(一句多译)→As far as I know, the city is three times as_large_as that one. →As far as I know, the city is three times larger_than that one. →As far as I know, the city is three times the_size_of that one. [归纳点拨][佳句背诵]①(精彩开头句)My school has expanded into a big one, which is three times as big as the previous one.②(增分要点句)The area received three times the amount of rain it got last year.本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与自然”中的“太空探索”子话题相对应一、话题语素积累多一点 子话题——太空探索(一)浅易词汇温一温①spaceship②fresh③explore④advanced⑤rocket⑥prevent ⑦satellite ⑧earth ⑨sun ⑩moon⑪Mars ⑫planet ⑬exist(二)生疏词汇记一记①launch vt.发射②astronaut n．宇航员③astronomer n．天文学家④telescope n．望远镜⑤universe n．宇宙⑥orbit n．(天体等的)运行轨道⑦astronomy n．天文学⑧monitor vt.监测；监控⑨data n．资料⑩shuttle n．飞机⑪foresee v．预测⑫statistics n．统计数字(三)常用词块忆一忆①space station 太空站；空间站②solar system 太阳系③space exploration 太空探索④the outer space 外太空⑤manned spaceship/spacecraft 载人飞船⑥come true 实现⑦conduct research 进行实验⑧in the long run 从长远来看⑨have access to space travel 能到太空旅行⑩return to the earth 返回地球⑪escape the pull of the earth's gravity 逃离地球的引力⑫get close to the moon 靠近月球⑬a waste of 浪费⑭be crazy about 对……痴迷(四)写作佳句背一背①I have always dreamed of making a trip into the Mars ever since I heard that Mars is most like the Earth and there could have been life on this planet.②I want to do research on whether the Mars is a planet we humans can live on.③The space travellers made a successful landing on the moon.二、“分步写作”表达准一点话题应用文分步写作假定你是中学生李华，你爱好太空探险但是却得不到父母的理解，于是你给英国朋友Stephen发电子邮件进行交流并请求帮助。
