武汉大学硕士生英语期末考试试卷真题扫描版

2014年武汉大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary 2. Proofreading 3. Reading Comprehension 4. WritingV ocabulary1．The U. S government is made up of three portions; executive, legislative and judicial.A．partsB．ingredientsC．principlesD．proportions正确答案：A解析：句意：美国政府由三个部分组成：行政、立法和司法。

portion和part 含义相同，均表示“(整体中独立的)部分”。

ingredient(混合物的)组成部分；(构成)要素。

principle原理，原则。

proportion比例；部分。

2．For 18 months, Iran repeatedly rebuffed all U. S proposals to free the hostages.A．rebukedB．rejectedC．abusedD．filtered正确答案：B解析：句意：一年半以来，伊朗一再拒绝美国要求释放人质的提议。

rebuff 断然拒绝，回绝。

reject拒绝，驳回。

rebuke非难，指责。

abuse滥用；虐待。

filter 过滤；渗入。

3．The common earthworm is made up of round segments, commonly divided into anterior and posterior.A．organsB．cellsC．ringsD．sections正确答案：D解析：句意：一般的蚯蚓都是由一段一段的环形组成的，通常还包括前段和后段。

segment段；体节。

section节，段。

organ器官。

cell细胞。

ring环状物，圆圈。

round表示“圆的”，ring与之语义重复，故不选。

武汉大学硕士英语期末考试汉译英题库（从里面考）1.走社会主义道路，就是要逐步实现共同富裕，共同富裕的构想是这样的：一部分地区有条件先发展起来，一部分地区发展慢点，先发展起来的地区带动后发展的地区，最终达到共同富裕……解决的办法之一，就是先富起来的地区多交点利税，支持贫困地区的发展。

To take the road to socialism is to realize common prosperity step by step.Our plan is as follow:where condition s permit,some areas may develop faster than others;those that develop faster can help promote the progress of those that lag behind,until all become progress…One way is for the areas that become prosperous frstt to support the poor ones by paying more taxes or turing in more profits to the state2.现阶段中国已经实现了粮食基本自给，在未来的发展过程中，中国依靠自己的力量实现粮食基本自给，客观上具备诸多有利因素。

Chian has bascilly achieved self-sufficiency in grain at the present stage,and there aremany favorable objective factors for her to maintain such achievement by her own efforts in the course of future development.3.社会主义用实践向世界表明，中国反对把霸权主义、强权政治，永不称霸。

武汉大学硕士研究生英语期末考试资料包考试题型及出题范围基本如下，(期末卷面成绩占70%,平时上课及作业20%,口语考试10%)(1)听力理解20题(20%):课内(听说课本的part1and2)占15%,课外5%.均为选择题(四选一)(2)词汇25题(25%):阅读课本五个单元TextＡ中的黑体字是重点，均为选择题(四选一)．(3)阅读理解20题（20％)课外两篇长度大约1000字的阅读文章，均为选择题(四选一)．(4)翻译（15％）：英译汉4句，选自(1/3/4/5/7单元/)五篇课内阅读文章；汉译英3句（或一小段），选自翻译课本（汉译英那一章）(5)写作（20％）：给两篇文章，长度1000字左右，选读一篇并写出约180字的summary．Unit1translation1.it’s appropriate at this time of major changes in the international scene to take a look at some of the reasons for the disappointing results of attempts at communications.在这个国际舞台发生重大变化的时刻，探讨为什么尝试交流的结果却令人失望的原因是必要的，这些原因实际上是跨文化交流中的绊脚石。

2.one answer to the question of why misunderstanding or rejection happens might be that many of us naively assume there are sufficient similarities among peoples of the world to enable us to successfully exchange information or feelings,solve problems of mutual concerns,cement business relationships,or just make the kind of impression we wish to make.为什么误解或反对会产生呢？这个问题的一个回答就是，大部分的人天真地认为世界上的人有足够的相似之处，可以让我们成功地交流信息或感受，解决共同关注的一些问题，加强商业关系，或者只是产生我们所希望产生的印象。

武汉大学英语试题及答案a卷一、听力理解（共20分）1. What does the man mean by saying "It's not my day"?A. He's feeling very tired.B. He's having bad luck.C. He's not feeling well.D. He's not working today.2. What does the woman imply by saying "I'm all ears"?A. She's bored.B. She's eager to listen.C. She's not interested.D. She's busy.3. What is the man's opinion about the movie?A. It's too long.B. It's very exciting.C. It's boring.D. It's educational.4. Why does the woman refuse the man's offer?A. She doesn't like the color.B. She doesn't need it.C. She doesn't like the style.D. She's already got one.5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. A trip.B. A book.C. A movie.D. A restaurant.二、阅读理解（共30分）Passage 1In this passage, the author discusses the importance of environmental protection. The article highlights the consequences of pollution and the need for sustainable practices.6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Environmental protection is crucial.B. Pollution is a minor issue.C. Sustainable practices are unnecessary.D. The consequences of pollution are unknown.7. According to the passage, which of the following is a result of pollution?A. Improved air quality.B. Increased biodiversity.C. Loss of wildlife habitats.D. Reduced energy consumption.8. What does the author suggest as a solution to environmental problems?A. Ignoring the issue.B. Implementing sustainable practices.C. Relying on technology alone.D. Waiting for natural processes to correct the problem.Passage 2This passage is about the history of the internet and its impact on society. It explores the origins of the internet and how it has transformed communication, business, and education.9. When was the internet first developed?A. In the 1960s.B. In the 1970s.C. In the 1980s.D. In the 1990s.10. Which of the following is NOT an impact of the internet on society?A. Faster communication.B. Increased privacy concerns.C. The rise of e-commerce.D. A decline in the use of landlines.11. What does the author believe about the future of the internet?A. It will become obsolete.B. It will continue to evolve.C. It will be replaced by a new technology.D. It will have no further impact on society.三、完形填空（共20分）In this section, you will read a short passage with blanks. Choose the best word from the four options to complete the passage.12. A: I'm really worried about the final exam.B: Don't ________. Just do your best.A. give upB. worryC. hurryD. forget13. The ________ of the old building was completed last year.A. constructionB. destructionC. protectionD. renovation14. She has a ________ for classical music.A. passionB. fearC. dislikeD. doubt15. The company is ________ a new product.A. developingB. testingC. sellingD. advertising四、翻译（共15分）Translate the following sentences into English.16. 随着科技的发展，我们的生活变得越来越方便。

武汉大学硕士研究生英语期末考试资料包考试题型及出题范围基本如下，(期末卷面成绩占70%,平时上课及作业20%,口语考试10%)(1)听力理解20题(20%):课内(听说课本的part1and2)占15%,课外5%.均为选择题(四选一)(2)词汇25题(25%):阅读课本五个单元TextＡ中的黑体字是重点，均为选择题(四选一)．(3)阅读理解20题（20％)课外两篇长度大约1000字的阅读文章，均为选择题(四选一)．(4)翻译（15％）：英译汉4句，选自(1/3/4/5/7单元/)五篇课内阅读文章；汉译英3句（或一小段），选自翻译课本（汉译英那一章）(5)写作（20％）：给两篇文章，长度1000字左右，选读一篇并写出约180字的summary．Unit1translation1.it’s appropriate at this time of major changes in the international scene to take a look at some of the reasons for the disappointing results of attempts at communications.在这个国际舞台发生重大变化的时刻，探讨为什么尝试交流的结果却令人失望的原因是必要的，这些原因实际上是跨文化交流中的绊脚石。

2.one answer to the question of why misunderstanding or rejection happens might be that many of us naively assume there are sufficient similarities among peoples of the world to enable us to successfully exchange information or feelings,solve problems of mutual concerns,cement business relationships,or just make the kind of impression we wish to make.为什么误解或反对会产生呢？这个问题的一个回答就是，大部分的人天真地认为世界上的人有足够的相似之处，可以让我们成功地交流信息或感受，解决共同关注的一些问题，加强商业关系，或者只是产生我们所希望产生的印象。

English Examination for Graduates (Paper A)(January 18th, 2010)I.Listening Comprehension (20%)Directions: In this part, you are going to listen to four passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passages and the questions will be read only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.1. A. Because they don’t know the custom.B. Because they emphasize equality of the sexes.C. Because it’s customary for ladies to push chairs for men at a dinner table in America.D. Because usually the host or hostess pushes the chairs for women at a dinner table .2. A. Americans hold the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left while Europeans dothe opposite.B. Americans use both hands while Europeans use only one hand when eating.C. Europeans hold the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left while Americans dothe opposite.D. Europeans keep the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left while Americans usejustone hand and keep the other one on their lap.3. A. Europeans are more apt to drink coffee after the meal while Americans between bites.B. Americans are more apt to drink coffee after the meal while Europeans between bites.C. Americans drink coffee before the meal while Europeans after the meal.D. Europeans drink coffee before the meal while Americans after the meal.4. A. Leaving a spoon in a soup bowl or a coffee cup.B. Leaving a spoon in any dish.C. Putting a coffee spoon on the saucer or a soup spoon on the service table.D. Putting all the spoons on the tablecloth.5. A. As long as you like. B. Two or three hours.C. As long as the host and hostess ask.D. Less than one hour.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.6. A. Indifferent. B. Positive. C. Negative. D. Neutral.7. A. Discipline, discovery, mutuality, locality, potentiality, enhancement.B. Discipline, discovery, mutuality, locality, historicity, enhancement.C. Discovery, mutuality, locality, historicity, potentiality, enhancement.D. Sustainability, discovery, mutuality, locality, potentiality, enhancement.8. A. It believes that the community is only a socially constructed experience.B. It believes that the community is only an ecologically grounded place.C. It denies conflicts among stakeholder groups.D. It is a community tourism planning approach uniting the themes of social development andecological sustainability.9. A. Because it not only generates hospitality that helps make a community a desirabledestination, but also helps share scarce resources.B. Because it helps mitigate conflicts arising over resource distribution and use.C. Because it respects individual perspectives.D. Because it provides capital to tourism community.10.A. Sustainable Tourism. B. Travel Ecology.C. Sustainable Tourism Models.D. Community Tourism Models.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.11.A. Because they don’t know the relationship between tobacco and disease.B. Because they have a strong inclination to smoke.C. Because they have been forbidden to smoke by the governments.D. Because there were no institutions which persuade them not to smoke.12.A. Because they are unusually subject to cigarette advertising.B. Because tobacco taxes take up a large part of their revenue.C. Because they don’t think tobacco can do harm to people’s mind.D. Because they are innocent of the link between tobacco and disease.13.A. Cigarette advertising only appeals to the young men.B. Cigarette advertising appeals to adults.C. Cigarette advertising is attractive to people who already smoke.D. Cigarette advertising also appeals to kids.14.A. Because they regard smoking as a symbol of sexual ability and even success.B. Because they are addicted to nicotine.C. Because they want to get more tobacco taxes.D. Because they regard smoking as a kind of sports.15.A. Smoking and tobacco taxes. B. Smoking in developing countries.C. Smoking and cigarette advertising.D. Tobacco industry.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.16.A. Putting a roof on a barn. B. Harvesting water reedsC. Using stone as a building materialD. Daily farm operations17.A. Clay tiles. B. Slate or stone.C. Wooden shingles.D. Reeds or straw.18.A. Later colonists did not know how to thatch.B. Thatching was considered dangerous.C. Other roofing materials were available.D. Thatching was unsuitable for the climate.19.A. It’s manufactured to be strong. B. It bends without breaking.C. Thatchers nail it down securely.D. The winds can pass through it easily.20.A. If people had more time to learn how to do it.B. If its cost went down.C. If it could make buildings more attractive.D. If people realized its many advantages.II. Vocabulary (25%)Directions: There are 25 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.21. We have a certain stereotypical ______ of a person from a culture and we interpret his/herbehaviour according to this preconception, whether or not the reason for the behaviour is what we think it.A. connotationB. preconceptionC. recuperationD. ambiguity22. Gap in educational investment across regions will ______ the national economic developmentas a whole.A. warrantB. rationC. thwartD. retard23. Opening the labor market might risk some increase in inequality in wages at least in the shortrun, as the wages of skilled workers are ________.A. bid forB. bid onC. bid upD. bid to24. The market will goods that yield social benefits in excess of private benefits and willconsequently produce too few of these goods.A. undervalueB. devalueC. underweightD. value25. You have taken a ______ hatred to Peter; and you are unreasonably angry with me because Iwon’t hate him.A. perseveringB. perverseC. perfectD. previous26. One of the conditions of ______ is that you must keep the land under cultivation.A. tenantB. terminalC. temperamentD. tenure27. Even the increase proposed will put pressure on Congress to hold down other spending or dipinto funds for Social Security.A. markedB. commissionedC. earmarkedD. commanded28. Unfortunately, what the farmers had gained in the autumn harvest was ______by the heavylosses caused by a snowstorm in the winter.A. offsetB. optimizedC. subsidizedD. unleashed29. The Arabs, on the other hand, coming from a culture where much closer distance is the norm,may be feeling that the Americans are being _______.A. friendlyB. warmC. standoffishD. selfish30. Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually ______ their mothers and fathersuntil they get one. It is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much time a nd money must be spent on “Tom” or “B ill”.A. peterB. pesterC. worryD. whine31. As television, and to an extent the internet have _____further through our society, the effectsare perhaps more significant than even we realize.A. perpetuatedB. persecutedC. persistedD. permeated32. “John has no______. So when his parents passed away, he inherited everything from thefamily---properties, bank savings, stocks and a big ho use. He’s really living on easy street.”A. siblingsB. soberingsC. sibilantsD. stillbirths33. Great efforts have been made to coordinate unemployment ______ and economic developmentthroughout the country.A. aggravationB. exaggerationC. eliminationD. alleviation34. Upon this, Jones began to beg earnestly to be let into this secret, and faithfully promised not to ______ it.A. divulgeB. dispenseC. dissolveD. disperse35. In Sudan, deforestation in the last decade led to a quadrupling of the time women spentgathering fuel wood. This stimulated efforts to promote _______ .A. deforestationB. afforestationC. forestsD. forestry36. In Egypt, I saw the pyramids and the damaged face of the Sphinx, smiling a (an)_______ smile.An amazing journey!A. incuriousB. sweetC. incredulousD. inscrutable37. There was so much pain there, _______ caused by both sides over the years. I didn’t want tohurt them, nor they me, but the harm had done and it was irreversible.A. invisiblyB. inappreciablyC. inadvertentlyD. inadequately38. Nobody will support such a government that ______ on the rights of individuals.A. encroachesB. invadesC. involvesD. interrupts39. The development of national ______ will be sped up if its officials at all levels become moreconscious of its significance in economic growth.A. substructureB. portfolioC. infrastructureD. asset40. With the rapid development of modern society, the ______ of the ancient civilization in thetown is being erased step by step.A. prestigeB. vestigeC. fameD. symptom41. The ______ of “white” in Chinese includes something unhappy. At funerals, Chinese payrespect to the dead and express their sorrow by wearing white. In the West, however, white is the traditional color for the bride at weddings, and to wear white at funerals would be offensive.A. configurationB. conjunctionC. connotationD. connection42. When people can’t explain a new phenomenon using their knowl edge, they will firstly try tounderstand the new phenomenon using the logic reference of______.A. comparisonB. analysisC. counterpartD. analogy43. He has more endurance; he can swim longer and ______ a canoe better than any of his people.A. conquerB. dominateC. steerD. lead44.There’s this new girl coming to my school, and I like her a lot. I want to _____ our friendshipbefore I start a serious relationship.A. cementB. limeC. clayD. concrete45._______implies an active choice to cling to something, not passively being carried along outof inability to imagine anything else.A. TenancyB. TenacityC. TendencyD. TensionIII. Reading Comprehension (20%)Directions: Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question.Passage 1Science fiction (SF) can provide students interested in the future with a basic introduction tothe concept of thinking about the possible futures in a serious way, a sense of emotional forces intheir own culture that are affecting the shape the future may take, and a multitude of extrapolations (prediction) regarding the results of present trends . There is one particular type of story that can be especially valuable as a stimulus to discussion of these issues both in courses on the future and in social science courses in general----the story which presents well-worked-out, detailed societies that differ significantly from the society of the reader. In fact, whatever the reliability of its predictions, SF is actually a more important vehicle for speculative visions about macroscopic social change. At this level, it is hard to deal with any precision as to when general value changes or evolving social institutions might appear, but it is most important to think about the kinds of societies that could result from the rise of new forms of interaction, even if one cannot predict exactly when they might occur.In performing this “what if …”function, SF can act as a social laboratory as authors ruminate upon (think about) the forms social relationships could take if key variables in their own societies were different, and upon what new belief systems or mythologies could arise in the future to provide the basic rationalizations for human activities. If it is true that more people find it difficult to conceive of the ways in which their society, or human nature itself, could undergo fundamental changes, then SF of this type may provoke one’s imagination to consider the diversity of paths potentially open to society.Moreover, if SF is the laboratory of the imagination, its experiments are often of the kind that may significantly alter the subject matter even as they are being carried out. That is, SF has always had a certain cybernetic effect on society, as its visions emotionally engage the future-consciousness of the mass public regarding especially desirable and undesirable possibilities. The shape a society takes in the present is in part influenced by its image of the future; in this way particularly powerful SF images may become self-fulfilling or self-avoiding prophecies for society. For that matter, some individuals in recent years have even shaped their own life-styles after appealing models provided by SF stories. The reincarnation (reappearance) and diffusion of SF futuristic images of alternative societies through the media of movies and television may have speeded up an augmented SF’s social feedback effects. Thus SF is not only change speculator but change agent, sending an echo form the future that is becoming into the present that is sculpting it. This fact alone makes imperative in any education system the study of the kinds of works discussed in this section.It must be noted that this perspective of SF has been questioned by some critics. It is often pointed out that, however ingenious they may be about future technologies, many SF writers exhibit an impact conservative bias in their stories, insofar as social projections (new ideas ) are either ignored or based on variations of the present status quo or of historical social systems reshuffled whole-cloth into the future. Robert Bloch has conveniently summarized the kind of future society presented by the average SF writer as consisting of a totalitarian state in which psychochemical techniques (the use of mind- altering drugs) keep the populace quiet; an underground which the larger-than-life hero can join; and scientists who gladly turn over their discoveries to those in power. Such tales covertly assume that human nature as we know it will remain stable and that twentieth-century Anglo-American culture and moral values, especially traditional economic incentives, will continue to dominate the world. Most SF authors have found it as hard as most other mortals to extrapolate (guess)social mores different from those operating within their own milieu (environment), so that, it has been charged, far from preparing the reader for future shock, SF is a literature that comfortably and smugly reassures him that the future willnot be radically different from the present.There is much truth to this analysis of SF. It is not easy to explain why so many stories seem to take as their future social settings nothing more ambiguous than the current status quo or its totally evil variant. Part of the answer may be that many authors of commercial SF writing received their professional training in science and engineering prior to World War II and were therefore not equipped or inclined to devise sophisticated social backgrounds in their plots. Be that as it may, the situation has changed dramatically in recent decades. There are an increasing number of stories which explicitly assume that future social patterns of family, government, religion, and the like need not be exactly the same as those of the present and that the forces which motivate men may also be subject to change. It is from such stories, and their predecessors in classical SF, that one may study examples of the impact of SF on the individual and collective imagination.46. Science fiction shows us happen in the future.A. what mayB. what must c. when changes will D. what we wish to47. Science fiction plays an important role in .A. forming social value and institutionsB. providing the basic rationalizations for human activitiesC. predicting the future societyD. providing the possible vision of social change in macro-scope48. A self-fulfilling prophecy is one that .A. predicts something unpleasantB. predicts something pleasantC. helps prediction to come trueD. does not come true49. Science fiction images will surely .A. influence the images of the present society partiallyB. influence the images of the present society negativelyC. influence the images of the present society positivelyD. influence the images of the present society imperatively50. The author’s opinion appears to be that SF .A. has little to offer societyB. can help to shape the way we behave in the present societyC. is always conservativeD. is unable to prepare the reader for future shock51. The inability of some SF writers to imagine alternative forms of society wasdue to their professional training.A. possiblyB. definitelyC. occasionallyD. known to be52. The author thinks the criticism that SF writers usually show a conservative biasis .A. justB. unjustC. becoming less true than it wasD. only true of classical SF53. In some critics’ eyes, classical science fiction is a literature .A. that displays the radically different social images in the futureB. that reveals what science fiction writers sincerely believedC. that does not show totally imaginary images of the future societyD. that informs readers of the future society54. The author’s main aim would seem to be to show how useful SF can be to .A. politiciansB. scientistsC. cyberneticistsD. students55. The overall tone of the piece is best described as .A. ironicB. humorousC. indignantD. informativePassage 21 Many years ago trying to help people with every kind of trouble left me with one sure conviction: In case after case the difficulty could have been overcome --- or might never have arisen --- if the people involved had just treated one another with common courtesy.2 Courtesy, politeness, good manners --- call it what you will, the supply never seems to equal the demand. “It’s not so much what my husband says,” a tearful wife confides, “as the way he says it. Why does he have to yell at me?”“I hate my boss,” a grim-faced office worker mutters. “He never shows appreciation for anything.”“All we get from our teenagers,” a harassed parent says, “is a sullen surliness.”3 Such complaints are not limited to people who sit in my study. Human beings everywhere hunger for courtesy. “Good manners,” said Ralph Waldo Emerson, “are the happy way of doing things.” And the reverse is equally true. Bad manners can ruin a day --- or wreck a friendship.4 What are the basic ingredients of good manners? Certainly a strong sense of justice is one; courtesy is often nothing more than a highly developed sense of fair play. A friend once told me of driving along a one-lane, unpaved mountain road. Ahead was another car that produced clouds of choking dust, and it was a long way to the nearest paved highway. Suddenly, at a wider place, the car ahead pulled off the road. Thinking that its owner might have engine trouble, my friend stopped and asked if anything was wrong. “No,” said the other driver. “But you’ve endured my dust this far; I’ll put up with yours the rest of the way.” There was a man with manners, and an innate sense of fair play.5 Another ingredient of courtesy is empathy, a quality that enables a person to see into the mind or heart of someone else, to understand the pain or unhappiness there and to do something to minimize it. Recently in a book about a famous restaurant chain I came across such an episode.6 A man dining alone was trying to unscrew the cap of a bottle of catsup but his fingers were so badly crippled by arthritis that he couldn’t do it. He asked a young busboy to help him. The boy took the bottle, turned his back momentarily and loosened the cap without difficulty. Then he tightened it again. Turning back to the man, he feigned a great effort to open the bottle without success. Finally he took it into the kitchen and returned shortly, saying that he had managed to loosen it --- but only with a pair of pliers. What impelled the boy to take so much trouble to spare the feelings of a stranger? Courtesy, compassionate courtesy.7 Yet another component of politeness is the capacity to treat all people alike, regardless of all status or importance. Even when you have doubts about some people, act as if they are worthy of your best manners. You may also be astonished to find out that they really are.8 I truly believe that anyone can improve his or her manners by doing 3 things. First, by practicing courtesy. All skills require constant repetition to become second nature; good manners are no exception.9 One simple way is to concentrate on your performance in a specific area for about a week. Telephone manners, for example. How often do you talk too long, speak abruptly, and fail to identify yourself, keep people waiting, display impatience with the operator or fail to return a call?10 One difficult but essential thing to remember is to refuse to let other people’s bad manners goad you into retaliating in kind. I recall a story told by a young man who was in a car with hisfather one night when a driver in an oncoming vehicle failed to dim his lights. “Give him the brights, Dad!”the young man urged in exasperation. “Son,”replied the father, “that driver is certainly discourteous and probably stupid. But if I give him the brights he’ll be discourteous, stupid and blind --- and that’s a combination I don’t want to tangle with!”11 The second requirement for improving your manners is to think in a courteous way. In the long run, the kind of person you are is the result of what you’ve been thinking over the past 20 or 30 years. If your thoughts are predominantly self-directed, a discourteous person is what you will be. If on the other hand you train yourself to be considerate of others, if you can acquire the habit of identifying with their problems and hopes and fears, good manners will follow almost automatically.12 Nowhere is thinking courtesy more important than in marriage. In the intimacy of the home it is easy to displace disappointment or frustration or anger onto the nearest person, and that person is often a husband or wife.13 “When you feel your anger getting out of control,” I have often said to married couples, “force yourself for the next ten minutes to treat your married partner as if he or she were a guest in your home,” I knew that if they could impose just 10 minutes of good manners on themselves, the worst of the storm would blow over.14 Finally, to have good manners you must be able to accept courtesy, receive it gladly, rejoice when it comes your way. Strangely, some people are suspicious of gracious treatment. They suspect the other person of having some ulterior motive.15 But some of the most precious gifts in life come with no strings attached. You can’t achieve a beautiful day through any effort on your part. You can’t buy a sunset or even the scent of a rose. Those are the world’s courtesies to us, offered with love and no thought of reward or return. Good manners are, or should be, like that.16 In the end, it all comes down to how you regard people --- not just people in general, but individuals. Life is full of minor irritations and trials and injustices. The only constant, daily, effective solution is politeness --- which is the golden rule in action. I think that if I were allowed to add one small beatitude as a footnote to the other it might be: Blessed are the courteous.(1048 words)56.In Para.1, the underlined part “one sure conviction” is the closest in meaning to ______.A. a convinced beliefB. an assured thoughtC. a definite evidenceD. a deep idola57.Courtesy is important to human relationships for the reason that _________.A.it can help people avoid troublesB.it can eliminate complaintsC.people need to be treated politelyD.it is so scarce58.In the first sentence of Para.10, there is a word “retaliating”. Which of the following do youthink is similar to it?A.guidingB. imitatingC. stimulatingD. revenging59.In the author’s opinion, courtesy is a matter of __________.A.how you control yourselfB. how you look at other peopleC. how you compromiseD. how you communicate with others60.Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage?A.Good manners are the golden rule in interpersonal relationships.B.People are often easy to get out of control in front of their intimate persons.C.People can be directed by their thoughts about what kind of persons they will be.D.Bad manners account for part of the difficulty of interpersonal relationships.61.Courtesy is especially important in marriage, because ___________.A.the intimacy of family life makes people forget mannersB.people tend to be rude to their husband or wifeC.husband and wife are disappointed with each otherD.at home people have more difficulties62.In paragraph 14, the underlined part “rejoice when it comes your way” means ________.A.take it for granted when you meet itB.behave happily when it happens to youC.enjoy it when it stands on your wayD.refuse it in your deep heart when you come across it63.Which of the following is not true of courtesy?A.Courtesy is offered without expecting return.B.Courtesy is the happy way of doing things.C.Courtesy is an innate quality rather than a learnt skill.D.Courtesy should be applied to every individual.64.In paragraph. 15, what does the author mean by saying “with no strings attached”?A.without extra costB.without concern or consciousnessC.without additional thoughts about return or rewardD.without motives and expectations.65.Which of the following is not mentioned as the basic ingredients of good manners?A.The capacity to treat all people alike.B.The quality to understand the pain or unhappiness of others.C. A strong sense of fair play.D. A feeling of compassion and self-control.IV. Translation (15%)Part A Directions: Translate the following sentences into English. (7%)1. 中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。

武汉大学研究生英语期末考试选择题(附参考答案)2022年挑选题21. We have a certain stereotypical ______ of a person from a culture and weinterpret his/her behaviour according to this preconception, whether or not the reason for the behaviour is what we think it.A. connotationB. preconceptionC. recuperationD. ambiguity22. Gap in educational investment across regions will ______ the nationaleconomic development as a whole.A. warrantB. rationC. thwartD. retard23. Opening the labor market might risk some increase in inequality in wages atleast in the short run, as the wages of skilled workers are ________.A. bid forB. bid onC. bid upD. bid to24. The market will goods that yield social benefits in excess of privatebenefits and will consequently produce too few of these goods.A. undervalueB. devalueC. underweightD. value25. You have taken a ______ hatred to Peter; and you are unreasonably angry withme because I won’t hate him.A. perseveringB. perverseC. perfectD. previous26. One of the conditions of ______ is that you must keep the land under cultivation.A. tenantB. terminalC. temperamentD. tenure27. Even the increase proposed will put pressure on Congress to hold down otherspending or dip into funds for Social Security.A. markedB. commissionedC. earmarkedD. commanded28. Unfortunately, what the farmers had gained in the autumn harvest was______by the heavy losses caused by a snowstorm in the winter.A. offsetB. optimizedC. subsidizedD. unleashed29. The Arabs, on the other hand, coming from a culture where much closerdistance is the norm, may be feeling that the Americans are being_______.A. friendlyB. warmC. standoffishD. selfish30. Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually______ theirmothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on “Tom” or “B ill”.A. peterB. pesterC. worryD. whine31. As television, and to an extent the internet have _____further through oursociety, the effects are perhaps more significant than even we realize.A. perpetuatedB. persecutedC. persistedD. permeated32. “John has no______. So when his parents passed away, he inherited everythingfrom the family---properties, bank savings, stocks and a big house. He’s reallyliving on easy street.” A. siblings B. soberings C. sibilantsD. stillbirths33. Great efforts have been made to coordinate unemployment______ andeconomic development throughout the country.A. aggravationB. exaggerationC. eliminationD. alleviation34. Upon this, Jones began to beg earnestly to be let into this secret, and faithfully promised not to ______ it.A. divulgeB. dispenseC. dissolveD. disperse35. In Sudan, deforestation in the last decade led to a quadrupling of the timewomen spent gathering fuel wood. This stimulated efforts to promote _______ .A. deforestationB. afforestationC. forestsD. forestry36. In Egypt, I saw the pyramids and the damaged face of the Sphinx, smiling a(an)_______ smile. An amazing journey!A. incuriousB. sweetC. incredulousD. inscrutable37. There was so much pain there, _______ caused by both sides over the years. Ididn’t want to hurt them, nor they me, but the harm had done and it wasirreversible.A. invisiblyB. inappreciablyC. inadvertentlyD.inadequately38. Nobody will support such a government that ______ on the rights of individuals.A. encroachesB. invadesC. involvesD. interrupts39. The development of national ______ will be sped up if its officials at all levelsbecome more conscious of its significance in economic growth.A. substructureB. portfolioC. infrastructureD. asset40. With the rapid development of modern society, the ______ of the ancientcivilization in the town is being erased step by step.A. prestigeB. vestigeC. fameD. symptom41. The ______ of “white” in Ch inese includes something unhappy. At funerals,Chinese pay respect to the dead and express their sorrow by wearing white.In the West, however, white is the traditional color for the bride at weddings, and to wear white at funerals would be offensive.A. configurationB. conjunctionC. connotationD. connection42. When people can’t explain a new phenomenon using their knowledge, theywill firstly try to understand the new phenomenon using the logic reference of______.A. comparisonB. analysisC. counterpartD. analogy43. He has more endurance; he can swim longer and ______ a canoe better than any of his people.A. conquerB. dominateC. steerD. lead44.There’s this new girl coming to my school, and I like her a lot. I want to _____our friendship before I start a serious relationship.A. cementB. limeC. clayD. concrete45._______implies an active choice to cling to something, not passively beingcarried along out of inability to imagine anything else.A. TenancyB. TenacityC. TendencyD. TensionKey：21-30 B D C A B D C A C B31-45 D A D A B D C A C B C D C A B2022挑选题21. Cash flows should be managed to ________ the return from cash received and to minimize the cost of finance on conditions for its own uses.A. chooseB. spendC. expandD. optimize22. Teachers? unions attacked the plans as ________ the skills and work of early yea r teachers, and creating a two-tier profession.A. praisingB. promotingC. undervaluingD. developing23. The government could then instruct all banks not to push companies into default and not to dispose of any ________.A. collateralB. corporationC. debtD. exchange24. Fourthly, a successful terminal at Stratford would inevitably and inexorably __ ______ on the Lea Valley regional park and reduce leisure facilities.A. increaseB. encroachC. stepD. ride25. The evening air had its accustomed November nip, but the groups making the ir way from Celtic Crescent were ________ to it.A. ignorantB. imperviousC. resentedD. responsive26. As far as I am concerned, it is the only body that represents the prison officer s, who work under great ________.A. pressB. backfireC. duressD. screen21. Cash flows should be managed to ________ the return from cash received and to minimize the cost of finance on conditions for its own uses.A. chooseB. spendC. expandD. optimize22. Teachers? unions attacked the plans as ________ the skills and work of early yea r teachers, and creating a two-tier profession.A. praisingB. promotingC. undervaluingD. developing23. The government could then instruct all banks not to push companies into def ault and not to dispose of any ________.A. collateralB. corporationC. debtD. exchange24. Fourthly, a successful terminal at Stratford would inevitably and inexorably __ ______ on the Lea Valley regional park and reduce leisure facilities.A. increaseB. encroachC. stepD. ride25. The evening air had its accustomed November nip, but the groups making the ir way from Celtic Crescent were ________ to it.A. ignorantB. imperviousC. resentedD. responsive26. As far as I am concerned, it is the only body that represents the prison officer s, who work under great ________.A. pressB. backfireC. duressD. screen27. Margate is sure that the scientific and technological ________ that has been dev eloped is real and extremely valuable.A. synergyB. formationC. energyD. match28. They suggest therefore that greater emphasis be given to housing ________ in evaluating relative deprivation.A. terminationB. removalC. provisionD. tenure29. Are you sure that my staying here won?t be an/a ________ into your domestic af fairs?A. intentionB. troubleC. threatD. intrusion30. She remained there until last night when an ambulance took her to ________ wi th a family in nearby Newton.A. discoverB. revitalizeC. recuperateD. reformulate31. Sunlight streamed into the church and through the stained glass windows, and a smell of grass and flowers ________ the air.A. flowedB. permeatedC. penetratedD. indulged32. Loss of license contact is a real ________ to potential traders in smuggled cigare ttes.A. deterrentB. detailC. detainD. determine33. As these problems multiply and ________ resources, the range of options availa ble to the organization increasingly narrows.A. depleteB. decreaseC. lessenD. formulate34. For years, frequent flooding eventually ________ all traces of the community tha t used to live there.A. killedB. releasedC. obliteratedD. measured35. Even the increase proposed will put pressure on Congress to hold down other spending or dip into funds ________ for Social Security.A. remarkedB. earmarkedC. reboundD. reduced36. Members of extreme right wing parties are completely opposed to the ________ of blacks into white South African society.A. combinationB. formulationC. integrationD. segregation37. Nevertheless, to conceive of parents as utterly static in the child?s psychologic al life is likely to become the ________ of the picture grossly.A. distortionB. reflectionC. representationD. confusion38. Clinton also asked Glickman to report back within 30 days with recommendat ions to help the ________ of debt problems afflicting cattle producers.A. involvementB. releaseC. alleviationD. reflection39. The Piscataway school district in New Jersey had to dismiss one high school business teacher because of budgetary _______ both by the government and local a uthorities.A. inflationB. provisionC. concentrationD. constraints40. By setting up such a system yourself, you are potentially________ any security s ystems your company has in place.A. providingB. alleviatingC. promotingD. circumventing41. The policy by EU that imposes serious constraints on textileimports from Chi na will definitely the bilateral trade in other areas.A. widenB. thwartC. recoverD. complete42. Friction between the generations is ________ when younger staff grasp the new idea and their creativity is suddenly released.A. widenedB. exacerbatedC. recoveredD. competitive43. Many Americans who are learning Chinese think that the term “Lao Wai” is so mehow an insult, and in fact the term “Lao Wai”doesn?t have a negative _______ in Chinese.A. positionB. intentionC. extensionD. connotation44. Henry Kissinger was also ________ and frustrated by the让知识带有温度。

2012－2013学年度第一学期期末考试说明一、试题构成1. 听力理解25％1）出题形式：单选题、听写题2）考点：考查学生综合听力理解能力，检查推荐的听力内容。

3）出题范围：*8个短对话，2篇短文或长对话，占15％。

单选题，8个短对话每题一分，2篇短文或长对话7个问题，每题一分，共15分。

*1－2篇听写填空题，出自《大学英语听说》（外教社版）第二册，占10％。

填空题总共留出10个空格由学生填词，每题一分，共10分。

4）分数比例：占整个考试25％，每题1分，共25分。

出题内容教材内占15分，其中听写占10分；教材外占10分。

5）答题要求：Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear eight short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, youmust read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decidewhich is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two short passages/two long conversations.At the end of each passage/conversation, you willhear some questions. Both the passage/conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, youmust choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a single line through the centre.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear 2 conversations/passages. Each conversation will be read TWICE. Listen carefully and fill in theblanks with the information you get from the recording.(注意：本部分请直接把答案写在主观答题纸上。

English for Graduates (Paper A）20111229I。

Listening Comprehension (20％)Directions：In this part, you are going to listen to four passages。

At the end of each passage，you will hear some questions. Both the passages and the questions will be read only once。

After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A，B，C，and D。

Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet。

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage。

1. A。

He read a lot of books on management。

B. He made every step safe enough.C。

He prepared himself well beforehand。

D. He had knowledge for the next phase。

2. A. news reporter B。

American dreamC。

lucky boy D。

poor child3. A。

generals B。

committees C. armies D。

schools4。

A. reading different books B。

attending seminarsC. listening to audiotapes D。

learning on one’s own5. A. face-to—face contact B。

武汉大学研究生英语测试unit1_to_unit5_vocabularyUnit1V ocabulary Exercise AChoose the appropriate word or phrase from the list to complete the following sentences.ambiguity recuperation preconception prone connotation preferential ethnocentrically scrutiny deterrent stumbling block1. We have a certain stereotypical _______ of a person from a culture and we interpret his/her behaviour according to this preconception, whether or not the reason for the behaviour is what we think it.2. According to Dr. Helfand, Pakistan built nuclear weapons as a ______ against India. India wanted them as a ______ against China.3. The European ______ Committee assesses the legal and/or political importance of each EU document, decides which EU documents are debated, monitors the activities of UK Ministers in the Council, and keeps legal, procedural and institutional developments in the EU under review.4. A major _____ in handling criticism is that we believe the criticism to be unfair and untrue and that we should defend ourselves against such criticism.5. Many Americans who are learning Chinese think that the term “Lao Wai”is somehow an insult, and in fact the term “Lao Wai”doesn’t have a negative _______ in Chinese.6. China has no plan to change its ______ treatment policies for foreign investment in the near future in order toreassure foreign investors who have been worried that China might cancel its ________ policies and give foreign investors the same nationaltreatment as their domestic counterparts now that the country is in the WTO.7. Restorative yoga is especially helpful for anxiety-_______ people because it allows the nervous system to rest and heal.8. Students should develop the ability to weigh evidence without bias, tolerate________, and use ethical principles in their academic and personal lives.9. Members slated for peacekeeping duties over 180 days are eligible for up to 15 days of rest and ______.10. The norms of our own culture are not necessarily wrong －often they are very good－but we should learn not to judge other culture’s ways of acting and thinking _____ only because they differ from our own.Keys: 1. preconception 2. deterrent; deterrent3. Scrutiny4. stumbling block5. connotation6. preferential; preferential7. prone8. ambiguity 9. recuperation 10.ethnocentricallyV ocabulary Exercise BFill in the blanks with the best choice.1. _______implies an active choice to cling to something, not passively being carried alongout of inability to imagine anything else.A. TenancyB. TenacityC. TendencyD. Tenure2. In Egypt, I saw the pyramids and the damaged face of theSphinx, smiling a (an)_______smile. An amazing journey!A. inscrutableB. sweetC. incredulousD. incurious3. The elimination of ________ was believed to be a prerequisite for any successfulintercultural exchange.A. generalizationsB. judgmentsC. doubtsD. stereotypes4. The Pentagon was planning to launch a 24-hour satellite television channel based inBaghdad to make it easier to ________ the news media “filter”that Bush Administration officials believe is misleading the public by emphasizing bad news about the occupation of Iraq.A. circumnavigateB. circulateC. circumventD. curriculum5. This class will provide you as a parent with age appropriate songs and activities to enjoymusic at home with toddler that will develop coordination, balance and ________ relationship skills as well as communication and cooperation.A. scrutinyB. spaciousC. stereotypeD. spatial6. It is a _____ to say that the women who teach in India must know the language, thereligion, superstitions and customs of the women to be taught in India. It ought to be the very same case for England.A. truismB. genuineC. tenacityD. similarity7. The ______ of “white”in Chinese includes something unhappy. At funerals, Chinesepay respect to the dead and express their sorrow by wearing white and writing elegiac couplets in white paper. In the West, however, white is the traditional color for the bride at weddings, and to wear white at funerals would be offensive.A. configurationB. conjunctionC. connotationD. connection8. The just-concluded election in Pakistan is simply a _____for continuing military rule,according to Selig Harrison, a leading US authority on South Asia, Afghanistan and the region.A. inflectionB. fa?adeC.ambiguityD. fabrication9. As television, and to an extent the internet have _____further through our society, theeffects are perhaps more significant than even we realize.A. perpetuatedB. pervasiveC. permanentD. permeated10. There’s this new girl coming to my school, and I like hera lot. I want to _____ ourfriendship before I start a serious relationship.A. cementB. limeC. clayD. concreteKeys: 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C. 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. D 10.AUnit3Vocabulary Check AChoose the appropriate word or phrase from the list to complete the following sentences.1.China is the first market for KFC to launch its new product. Targeting trendy young people, KFC D&Dfeatures new flavors like the _______ series, crushed ice of different tastes and hot drinks like Hong Kong-style milk tea. It’s a wider choice of drinks and desserts than those on the regular KFC menu.2.Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually _______ their mothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the sweet little thing" has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on "Rover" or "Bonze".3. My sister Ellie, who recently lost 20 pounds, has been pressuring me to lose weight too. And when I asked for a secondhelping of the low-fat _______she served for dinner the other night, she totally went off on me.4. Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo said Sunday that he is not excluding _______ as the cause of last Sunday's bomb explosions at Ikeja Military Cantonment in Lagos, which led to the death of more than 1,100 people.5. An obviously biased judge made derisive decisions throughout the trial. The strain of the trial also placed Barrie's marriage under______, which ultimately led to his wife (Diana Scarwid) divorcing him, and led to Barrie's children being derided and physically attacked by their classmates.6. Both Luo and Guang admit their drugs, while effective in combating AIDS and alleviating its syndromes, may not be the final answer to solving the AIDS crisis. Rather, they believe, combined _______ is the likely ultimate answer. Luo said his drugs, when combined with Western medicine, such as the AZT, have shown double the effectiveness for treating AIDS patients.7. Anthropologist Dr. Edward T. Hall points out that, for two unacquainted adult male North Americans, the comfo rtable distance to stand for private conversation is from arm’s length to about four feet apart. For as the South American moves in, the North American feels he’s being pushy; and as the Nor th American backs off the South American thinks he’s being _______.8. The G.O.P. hopes to gain votes by attacking her as a radical feminist who prefers the boardroom to the kitchen.But the ploy could ______by alienating working women.9. Brad Pitt's path from Missouri-bred choirboy to ______hunk was cemented with a strong Baptist faith and at least a trillion situps.10. “John has no______. So when his parents passed away, heinherited everything from the family -- properties, bank savings, stocks and a b ig house. He’s really living on easy street.”Vocabulary Check BFill in the blanks with the best choice.1. There were other things too. The issue had a lot to do with the pain they felt when they realized how little I trusted them, how little I shared with them. There was so much pain there, _______ caused by both sides over the years. I didn't want to hurt them, nor they me, but the harm had been done and it was irreversible.A. inappreciablyB. inadvertentlyC. inarticulatelyD. invisibly2. Strengthening regional economic cooperation is a top priority for many Asian countries. Interdependence among these different countries is becoming stronger - thanks to the adoption of a more open economic model.And now, Asian countries are making efforts to promote regional________, and in turn realize common prosperity.A. integrationB. diversityC. competitionD. integral3. When people can't explain a new phenomenon using their knowledge, they will firstly try to understand the new phenomena using the logic reference of______.A. comparisonB. analysisC. counterpartD. analogy4. If you mess up, it's not your parents' fault, so don't ______about your mistakes, learn from them.A.wonderB. worriedC. whineD.pester5. The system was redesigned to embrace the network and eventually _______ it in a profitable direction.A. adaptB. controlC. installD. steer6. The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow _______, particularly in western Europe.A. obscureB. obsoleteC. optionalD. overlapping7. If you think American cooking means opening a package and tossing the contents into the microwave, think again. On the one hand, it's true that Americans thrive on cold cereal for breakfast, sandwiches for lunch and instant dinners. From busy homemakers to professional people, many Americans enjoy the convenience of prepackaged meals that can be ready to serve in 10 minutes or less. On the other hand, many Americans recognize the value of _______ art.A. cookieB. culinaryC. cuisineD. cook8. The chairman of the board ______ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.A. compelledB. posedC. pressedD. tempted9. I am not _______ with my roommate but I have to share the room with her, because I have nowhere else to live.A. concernedB. compatibleC. considerateD. complied10. Bill Clinton’s first 100 days will be filled with monumental battles over the budget deficit and health care reform. But when the smoke clears, he is likely to look up and find himself staring at another giant challenge-- _______ off a new round of international trade wars and, perhaps, pressure at home for protectionism.A. firingB. fallingC. fendingD. flakingUnit 4V ocabulary Check AChoose the appropriate word or phrase from the list to complete the following sentences. Remember to change the form if necessary.1.More studies on rigorous data are _______.2.The progress of studies comes from hard work and is________by frivolities.3.Unforfunately, what the farmers had gained in the autumn harvest was ______by the heavy losses caused by a snowstorm in the winter.4. The renewing of the __________ needs greater fiscal investments from the government.5.The ________of plan economy is being erased step by step.6.The newcomer has gradually learned what is_______in the position as a qualified salesperson.7. The disagreements in the nuclear negotiation are ________of the tensions between America andIran.8.The policy by EU that imposes serious constraints on textile imports from China will definitly_________the bilateral trade in other areas.9.The Labour Party under T ony Blair won a(n) _________ number of 356 seats in the presidential election.10.Policy makers and economists shoulder the responsibility of_________the use of resources.V ocabulary Check BChoose the appropriate word from the list to complete the following paragraph. Remember to change the form if necessary.The true rate of (1)________ to education in China may be as high as 30% or 40%. Our knowledge of true return to education is currently very (2)________ as is our knowledge of the true rate of return to physical capital. More studies on rigorous data are (3)_______. A more factually informed knowledge base willimprove government decision making. If governments (4)_____ projects, whether they are human capital projects, or investment projects for dams, road, bridges or factories, they will make better investment decisions. Project evaluations play an important role in keeping good investments and promoting good projects and (6)______ the bad. The value of factually informed cost-benefit econometrics is extraordinarily high. Cost-benefit studies produce value for local governments, provincial government and central government. Research that creates and collects much richer data sets on the returns to all kinds of human and physical capital to guide policy formation will improve policy making. Creating incentives and developing capital markets would promote investment in human capital. It is not necessary to use funds from the center or (7)_______ that education and skill formation should be governmentally supplied. Free up the labor market and the market for education would 9____ the forces that promote acquisition of skills by (8)________ the training of individual workers by firm, or encourage individuals to train themselves in the workplace to be better farmers, better factory workers and better managers.Otherwise, educational (9)________ should be increased and equalized across regions to (10)________ the return on human capital investment.Vocabulary Check1. warranted2. retarded3.offset4.infrastructur5.vestige6.entailed7.symptomatic8.thwart9.aggregate10.optimizingVocabulary Check B1.return2.limited3warranted 4.evaluate5.eliminating6.presume7.harness 8.fostering9.expenditures 10. maximizeUnit 5Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word from the list given. Change the form if necessary.rehabilitation vulnerability migration alleviation preference displacement sustainability incineration urbanization deterioration10. The state government will be using some of its tax dollars to _______ its downtown area.11. If someone is ________, they become more typical of people who live in cities.12. The political consultant devised a campaign to _______ the First Lady’s image. Keys 1. vulnerable2. alleviated3. unsustainable4. deteriorated5. preference6. displace7. migrated8. prefer9. incinerated10. rehabilitate11. urbanized12. rehabilitateDirections: Match the synonyms and /or antonyms in italics with the words or phrases in the following list. The first one has been done for you.overvalue depend simplify underestimate figurative sophisticate deforestation invulnerability1. In many parts of the world, women tend to be the poorest of the poor in a very literal sense.a. Being in accordance with, conforming to, or upholding the exact or primary meaning of a word or words.b. Word for word; verbatim;c. Conforming or limited to the simplest, nonfigurative, or most obvious meaning of a word or words.2. Discriminatory inheritance and property ownership laws restrict women's ability to ensure long-term food security for the family, and to get loans using land as collateral .a. Of a secondary nature; subordinate;b. Property acceptable as security for a loan or other obligation.3. Men's knowledge of traditional crops and practices is actually declining as a result of formal schooling and migration to urban areas.a. The act of moving from one country or region to settle in another.b. The act of changing location periodically, especially by moving seasonally from one region to another4. Lack of clean water is also responsible for waterborne diseases among children - one of the majorcauses of child disease and mortality.a. transported by waterb. Transmitted in waterc. Floating on or supported by water; afloat.5. It is difficult enough to mainstream social considerations within environmental work; adding gender as a third dimension is even more challenging. a.Representing the prevalent attitudes, values, and practices of a society or group: mainstream morality.b. To integrate (a student with special needs) into regular school classes.c. To incorporate into a prevailing group.6. The synergies between the goals of gender equity, poverty alleviation andenvironmental sustainability are explored …by empowering women in the realms of agriculture, forest and biodiversity management.a.To invest with power, especially legal power or official authority.b. To equip or supply with an ability; enable:(key: 1.c 2.b 3. a 4. b 5. c 6. a )V ocabulary Check AChoose the Arrayappropriate word or phrase from the list to complete the following sentences.3.Even the increase proposed will put pressure on Congress to hold down other spending or dip into funds for Social Security.4.Since Pain was paying no attention to him, he decided that he might without ______ ignore Pain.5.“The harassments of daily life — looming nuclear , rude waiters — have driven people to cocooning. They have gone to ground in their dens . . . to keep at bay the modern world”(George F. Will)6.Operation Rescue was an organization notorious for its confrontational tactics and its implacable opposition to under all circumstances.7.Since then we have had , wars, floods, so many things to add and subtract.8.Coconuts are being scraped and the juice is squeezed on pounded taro or for puddings.9.The psychological advantages or disadvantages on woman and must be addressed and researched so that informed decisions can still be made.10.Not all silvicultural practices are as extreme and the character of the ground flora will also depend on the land-use prior to .11.The firm pledges its inventory as for a short-term loan, but the lender has no physical control over the inventory.12.There is no apparent conclusive scientific study, but the ______ evidence is strong that the herb is useful.V ocabulary Check B1. The decision to opt for composting was made largely in order to reduce the need for water for flushing the toilet.A. sewB. sewerageC. sewageD. sewn2. The end product of such a course of evolution is an obligate that is inextricably linked to a particular host.A. paradiseB. parasiticC. endoparasiteD. parasite3. The situation for teachers without varies according to the circumstancessurrounding the dismissal.A. tenureB. tentC. tendencyD. tenured4. Garth doesn't work; he just lives off his .A. inheritorB. inherentC. inheritD. inheritance5. It causes many complications, including small placenta size, and lowbirthweight.. A. stillborn B. stillbirth C. stillage D. stillman6. The market will goods that yield social benefits in excess of private benefits and will consequently produce too few of these goods.A. undervalueB. devalueC. underweightD. value7. The alert library media specialist will have recognized atonce that is, after all,a kind of integration.A. majorityB. maintenanceC. mainstreamingD. mainframe8. The new decoder uses an amplitude locked-in combination with a phase locked ______ to achieve this breakthrough.A. loopyB. loopholeC. loonyD. loop9. Geometrically, the inner product of two can be considereda measure of their similarity.A. carriersB. vectorsC. agentsD. mediums10. They include a new way of controlling diseases, and of administering drugs to people with chronic diseases.A. waterborneB. aquaticC. waterbedD. enhydrousV ocabulary Check A1. earmark 6. cassava2. impropriety 7. fetus3. incineration 8. afforesation4. abortion 9. collateral5. cyclone 10. anecdotal Vocabulary Check B1. C 6. A2. D 7. C3. A 8. D4. D 9. B5. B 10. A。

English for Graduates (Paper A No. 20180110)I.Listening Comprehension (20%)Part One Directions:In this part you will hear 3 short talks. Each talk is followed by some questions. You will hear the talk and questions only once. Listen carefully and answer each question by choosing one from the four choices marked A, B, C or D. Then mark your answers on the Answer Sheet. (15%)Talk 1Questions 1-5 are based on the talk you have just heard.I. A. It will be the same size as the US economy.B.It will be almost the same size as the US economy.C.It will be twice the size of the US economy.D.It will be larger in size than the US economy。

2. A. In 2020 B. In 2025 C. In 2027 D. In 20503. A. China will be the first developing country with the world's largest economy.B.China will reverse the trend of westernization as a result of economic development and globalization.C.China will become the world's dominant country with very different civilizational rootsfrom the West.1D.Both A and C.4. A. He believes that it is general truth.B.He warns that it is a sign of hostility.C.He criticizes it as wishful thinking.D.He thinks that it is an illusion.5. A. They use western ideas and terms.B.They overestimate their cultural influence.C.They don't speak the Chinese language.D.They ignore the power of civilization.Talk 2Questions 6-10 are based on the talk you have just heard.6. A. A change of government.B.The map of deaths.C.Snow and Whitehead's continued efforts.D.Both B and C.7. A, Building the sewers in London.B.Responding immediately to the cholera outbreak in 1866.C.Providing better medical care to city dwellers.居民D.Telling everybody to start boiling their water in 1866.18. A. critical 批评的B. pessimistic 悲观的C. optimistic 乐观的 D. appreciative 赏识的9. A.People slowly realized that living in big metropolitan（大都会）cities is unsustainable as the crowdedness made outbreaks of diseases like cholera unavoidable.B.People began to realize that keeping domesticated animals and bad living habits increase the change of cholera outbreaks.C.People no longer think that it is a healthy thing to take drinking water from wells andpumps in crowded neighborhoods.D.People finally realized that sustainable living is possible in large metropolitan cities with the help of science and improved city management.10. A. New York City will be only 10% of its size.B.It has created a whole new way of life.C.New York City will collapse in on itself like Rome.D. H has spread the influence of Christianity.Talk 3Questions 11-15 are based on the talk you have just heard.11. A. My drawing will show them what God looks like.B.They will draw a picture of God.1。

武汉大学研究生英语期末考试解析
一、听力
三篇来源于听说教程Part Ⅱ，一篇源于课外。

听说教程可以在学校的复印店里复印。

2013年1月8日听力为uint 10的ExcersizeⅠ，uint 8的ExcersizeⅡ，uint 11的Excersize Ⅰ
二、词汇
课本1，3，4，5，7单元的黑体单词（没有书的同学只需复印1，3，4，5，7单元的课文，2，6，8单元不讲）可参考往年试卷，有部分相同的试题。

三、阅读
两篇课外较长文章，每篇10题
四、翻译
汉译英部分占七分，来源于翻译教程第三单元（不要买课本了，只复印第三单元）13年1月8日的翻译为
1．环境学家指出……
2．与中国高速发展的经济相比……
英译汉部分占八分，来源于阅读教程中的1，3，4，5，7单元
五、写作180字的summary
总共两个半小时，时间很紧张
考试题型及出题范围(期末卷面成绩占80%, 平时上课及作业10%, 口语考试10%)
(1) 听力理解20题(20%) : 课内(听说课本的part 1 and 2) 占15%, 课外5%.
均为选择题(四选一)
(2) 词汇25题(25%): 阅读课本五个单元TextＡ中的黑体字是重点，均为选
择题(四选一)．
(3)阅读理解２０题（２０％），课外两篇长度大约１０００字的阅读
文章，均为选择题(四选一)．
.(4)翻译（１５％）：英译汉４句，选自五篇课内阅读文章；汉译英３句（或一小段），选自翻译课本（汉译英那一章）
（５）写作（２０％）：给两篇文章，长度１０００字左右，选读一篇并写出约１５０字的summary．。

Intercultural CommunicationIn recent years，it is widely acknowledged that intercultural communication has been becoming an increasingly common phenomenon. From my point of view, a number of factors could account for this trend.First and foremost， the development of transportation. Now jet planes fly everywhere. It used to take months to travel from Shanghai to Los Angeles, but now it takes only 12 hours。

It is now much easier for people to move from one country to another。

People of different countries and races get together much oftener than before.What’s more, the advancement of communication means。

Nowadays people get in touch with each other in various ways, through internet， telephone，mobile phone and so on。

These efficient means sharply promote intercultural communication to a large extent。

Besides, the ongoing of economic globalization. Since economic globalization lead to the production and market globalization, more and more multinational corporations now operate in quite a few countries。

武汉大学2016-2017学年度第一学期2017级《大学英语一级》期末试卷（A卷）2016年01月10日学号＿＿＿＿＿姓名＿＿＿＿＿院（系）＿＿＿＿＿考生注意事项：1．本次考试共计120分钟（08：30--10：30）2.09：00正式播放听力录音；3．在答题卡准考证号一栏添入自己的学号：4．准考证号一栏涂黑相应的阿拉伯数字（漏填或填错将影响卷面得分）；5．在试卷类型处涂黑A或B（机读卡的试卷类型在答题卡右上角，主观题答题卡试卷类型在答题卡上方。

两卡都要填写试卷类型，漏填或错填将影响卷面得分）；6．主观题部分（词汇、翻译、作文等）写在主观题答题卡上；7．考试结束时请将机读答题卡，主观答题纸和试题册一并交给监考人员（不交试题册者按零分处理）；8．请将姓名、学号等相关信息填入上栏（重修学生请在姓名后注明“重修”二字）。

9．考生联系方式审题人：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿Part I Listening Comprehension(25%)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear eight short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause. you must read the four choices marked A). BL. C) and D).and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line though the centre.I.A) She mst walk five miks.B)She must walk five or six blocks.C)She must walk to the comer for three blocks.D)She must tour two bbcks.2.A)He will do anything to make the soup.B)He can't eat any soup.C)He prefers another job.D)He doesn't want any dinner.3.A)He ade an improper turmB)He went the wrong direction on a one-way street.C)He got a one-way plane ticket.D)He sbwed down at the wrong time.4.A) She i too shy to apply for the job.B)She is peiful.C)She is quabfied.D)She is inteligent.5.A) The bus has broken down and will not arrive.B)The bus was debiyed by the traffic jamC)The bus will probably arrive at 9:15.D)The bus will arive tonighu.but the man isn't sure.6.A) The report might be short.B)The report might be bngC)The report has been finished.D)The report mighu be easy.7.A)Go to her sister's home.B)Go to make the phone callC)Go to the dinner.D)Go to the concert.8.A)James never comes bate.B)James i always bte.C)James is not surprised.D)James hates to wai.Section BDirectlons:In this section,you will hear TWO shon passages. At the end of each passage. you will hear some questions. Borh the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the bes answer fom the four choices marked A). B).C) and D1.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line though the centre.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the following passage:9.A)It helps the Estener to remember what has been sail.B) It interferes with listening comprehensionC)It has no effect on Estening comprehension.D) It helps the students with poor memory.10.A)50%B)80%C)90%D)100%11.A)They shoukd keep their notes as kong as possible.B)They should check ther notes wih other students.C)They should review their noles from time to time.D) They should never take notes when Estening.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the following passage:12.A)They speak several bngunges.B)They offen travel by air for free.C)They needn't work lke a wairess.D)They eam money and see the world at the same time.13.A)They can speak several langunges.B)They can do the simple job in the routine manner.C)They must kam abou psychology.D)They must work Eke a nurse sometimes.14.A)She must be able to carry oul the necessary procedure wih calm and efficiency.B)She must be able to expbin the situation in several anguages.C)She mst take the advantage of the psychology and the murse.D)She must estirate the work of the pilot exactly.15.A)Because she does the routine job effciently.B)Because she ik a charming waitress.C)Because she is a well-trained essential menber of the crew.D)Because she is able to communicate wih the passengers in several bingunges.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear TWO passages. Each passage will be read TWICE. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with the information you get from the reconding.（注意：本部分请直接把答案写在主观答题纸上。

湖北省武汉市武昌区武汉大附属外语学校2025届英语九上期末统考试题注意事项1．考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。

2．试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

第一部分必须用2B 铅笔作答；第二部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。

3．考试结束后，考生须将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上，待监考员收回。

Ⅰ. 单项选择1、一I'm considering how to my new job. Any suggestions?一It's only half an hour's walk, I advise you .A．to go; not to drive B．going; to driveC．to go; not driving D．going; not driving2、–Excuse me, haven’t you learned the rules? Drivers can’t go when the light is yellow .-- Sorry, we won’t do that again.A．traffic B．foodC．medicine D．education3、In our class _____ of the students _____ girls.A．third fifths; is B．third fifth; are C．three fifth; is D．three fifths; are4、––What’s on your desk, Judy?––It’s ________ English-Chinese dictionary. It’s _______useful dictionary.A．an, the B．an, an C．an, a5、I _____ this book for two weeks. I have to return it now.A．borrowed B．have borrowed C．kept D．have kept6、Millie is using the search engine to find information about how to look after a pet. Help her choose the best keywords. A．pet care B．pet problems C．e-pet D．different pets7、Miss Wang told us noise in the library.A．to make B．not to make C．make D．not make8、All of us went to the park ______ Bob. He had to look after his sister.A．besides B．with C．except D．beside9、---Could you tell me ________?---Yes. They ________ to the museum.A．where the girls are; have gone B．where were the girls; have beenC．where are the girls; have gone D．where the girls were; have been10、Don’t fear difficulties and failure(失败). Remember: .A．No one is wise at all times.B．A kite rises against the wind rather than with it.C．Don’t cross your bridges before you come to them.D．Y ou can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make it drink.Ⅱ. 完形填空11、Jenny was a nurse in a children’s hospital. One evening there was a big dance at the hospital. Most of the doctors and nurses would be there, but of course them had to be 1 to look after the children. Jenny was not among the 2 ones who were free to go to the dance. She enjoyed dancing very much ,so when she had to start 3 that evening while her friends were getting ready to go to the dance,she felt very 4 for herself. She went to each sick child one after another and said good night 5 she came to a little boy called Tommy. Tommy was only 11 years old ,but he already talked like an 6 . Poor Tommy had a very serious illness,and now he was hardly able to 7 any part of his body except his hands. But he was always happy and always thinking about others instead of himself.When Jenny came up to his bed, he said, “I’m very sorry that you have to8 the dance because of us. But we’re going to have a party for you. If you look in my 9 , you’ll find a piece of cake. I saved it from my supper today, so it’s quite10 ” “And I’d get up and dance with you myself if I was able to,”he added.Suddenly the hospital dance seemed very far away and not at all important to Jenny.1．A．allowed B．invited C．left D．made2．A．lucky B．active C．jealous D．wise3．A．dancing B．working C．drinking D．relaxing4．A．grateful B．happy C．sorry D．proud5．A．Lucky B．Hopefully C．Firstly D．Finally6．A．actor B．alien C．angel D．adult7．A．touch B．wave C．move D．clean8．A．miss B．attend C．forget D．host9．A．dustbin B．drawer C．wallet D．bed10．A．rare B．sweet C．tasty D．freshⅢ. 语法填空12、阅读下面短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词。