young Hong Kong Chinese children to read and enhancing reading comprehension
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新核⼼⼤学英语读写教程1课⽂翻译及课后题答案第五单元Unit Five Benefits of MusicⅠ. Pre-listening ActivitiesPart 1略■ScriptThe minds of young people are filled with eternal hope, which reflects in their musical creations. This can be clearly seen while watching them learn to play musical instruments and when they are performing. The combination of young minds and music brings joy and hope.There have been a lot of studies conducted on the influence of music. In the elderly people, music has been shown to not only reduce tension and anxiety but also helps reduce the feeling of isolation and solitude. And a surprising revelation of this study was that the subjects enrolled for this study showed an increased production of human growth hormone, which has a positive effect on the side effects of aging like wrinkling, general aches and pains.Health workers can draw an important inference from this study. It shows that group activity and interaction with others is important for staying healthy and having a better standard of living. It proves the long held belief that music is a means to link with our higher selves and thereby help us lead a healthy life that can be enjoyed to the fullest.Ⅱ. Listening TasksTask 1 Understanding News Reports1. D2. A3. B4. C5.B6. C7. A■ScriptNews Item OneQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.The World Bank has warned that 100 million more people will be pushed into poverty by 2030 unless action is taken to prevent global warming. It says global warming will ravage crops and fuel the spread of malaria and other diseases. Laura Becca reports from Washington.“The World Bank says that climate change is already having an effect on the poorest people who are struggling to raise crops in extreme weather and low rainfall. They say the world’s poorer receive fewer resources and are woefully unprepared to deal with further climate shocks such asrising seas or severe drought. They’re calling for more to be done to help those in need and they want world leaders to act to reduce carbon emissions. That report had been released just a few weeks before a UN climate summit in Paris.”Questions:1. Which of the following statements about the impact of global warming is NOT true?2. How are the world leaders supposed to help the poor according to the news?News Item TwoQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.Many parties and concerts at SXSW feature new music. This one honored Buddy Holly, the great singer and songwriter who died in 1959. He was only twenty-two when he died in a plane crash while on tour.This event was organized by the Buddy Holy Foundation and its principal mover, Buddy Holly’s widow, M aria Elena Holly. The foundation’s aim, among others, is to help aspiring artists survive success.Maria Elena says Buddy Holly had lost the rights to some of his own songs because he was new at the music business. She says the idea for the foundation came from Buddy himself.Austin entertainment attorney Stephen Easley says the foundation tries to help aspiring musicians learn the business. The Buddy Holly Foundation will give an award beginning next year. It will include ten thousand dollars and free ma nagement services, and is named for Holly’s song, “Learning the Game”.The Buddy Holly Foundation and Maria Elena Holly are encouraging musicians, young and old, to make sure that Buddy Holly’s music does not “fade away”.Questions:1. What do we learn about the Buddy Holy Foundation from the news report?2. What will be the award given by the Buddy Holly Foundation?News Item ThreeQuestions 1 to 3 will be based on the following news item.Forbes magazine says there are now a record of 1226 billionaires on its annual rich list, compared with 140 when it was launched 25 years ago. The Mexican telecoms magnate Carlos Slim, who’s worth an estimated $69 billion, tops the list for the third year in a row followed by the software magnate Bill Gates and financier Warren Buffett. No Indian billionaires are in the top 10 this year, and the only Chinese one is the Hong Kong property magnate Li Ka-shing. Steve Forbes explains why.“Well, what it tells us is there’s a lot of churn. There hasn’t been a lot of growth in the economy in the last year. The number of billionaires went up 16, but yet some regions go down: China went down a little bit; Russia went down because of weak commodity prices. But the fact is there hasn’t been a lot of real vigorous growth in the worl d, and that’s reflected on the list this year.”Questions:1. How many billionaires were on the list when Forbes magazine was launched 25 years ago?2. Who came first on the list for three consecutive years?3. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the news?Task 2 Understanding a Long ConversationsConversation One1. D2. B3. C4. A5. DConversation One1. B2. B3. B4. D■ScriptConversation OneM: How are your new neighbors, Jane?W: They seem nice enough, but they have a son who’s driving me cra zy.M: What happened?W: He comes home every night around 10, and immediately plays some Rock and Roll loudly after he enters his house. But by then Brian and Lisa are wide awake.M: Oh, no.W: Oh, yes. Sometimes it takes us till mid-night just to get them settle down again.M: Have you tried talking to them?W: We have n’t even really met them yet except to say a quick hello. I hate to get off on the wrong foot.M: You are not going to like them if you can not settle it as soon as possible.W: I know, but I feel stupid complaining.M: You said yourself it is driving you crazy.W: Well, you know how early I have to get up to be here at the office. I’m just not getting enough sleep and neither are the kids. They’re so irritable when I get home in the afternoon.M: Maybe you could go over sometime with a little gift—a plant for the yard or something. Then you could ask about their son whether they have any other c hildren and they’ll be sure to ask about yours.W: Yeah, and then what?M: Then you could mention that the hardest thing is getting your kids to get sleep at night.W: And keeping them in the sleep.M: That’s the idea. And you should do it soon. The longer you wait, the harder it’ll be to do politely.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. What does the woman think of her new neighbors?2. What bothers the woman according to the conversation?3. Why is the woman reluctant to speak to her neighbors about the problem?4. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the woman and her children?5. What suggestion does the man offer?Conversation TwoM: Is it difficult to be a top DJ? 22-year-old Jodie White thinks so. Jodie is a classical musician, but she learned how to be a DJ for a TV reality show, and she did it in just four weeks. Jodie, tell us what happened.W: Well, I had a lot of help. Two experienced DJs helped me.M: But what did you have to do?W: First, I had to change my image. I was a bit unfashionable before, so I went shopping and bought new jeans and trainers. I also changed my hair.M: Yes, you look very different now.W: But buying new clothes was easy. It was more difficult playing the records.M: It doesn’t look difficult.W: That’s what I thought, but it is. I had to learn about pop music, about different groups, and I had to find songs that sounded good together. I was listening to hundreds of records every week.M: Did you practice often?W: Yes, I did. But I was disorganized and I made mistakes. The experienced DJs were very organized. They had all their records ready. People didn’t like the music I played and I was unhappy about that.M: But you didn’t stop.W: No, I didn’t. I wanted to get it right. I was playing records eight hours a day—I wasn’t practicing my flute at all!M: Did it make a difference?W: Yes it is. After four weeks, I was ready to be a real DJ.M: How did you feel?W: Well, I was feeling nervous when I arrived at the club. We started late and the people were impatient. They looked unfriendly, but when I started playing my music, it was great. People were dancing and enjoying themselves.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. How long does it take for the woman to become a DJ?2. What did the woman do to change her image?3. What did the woman do in order to learn how to play the records?4. How long did the woman spend in practicing playing records?Task 3 Understanding PassagesPassage OneListening for general information1. 45minutes of relaxing music before bedtime2. a 35% improvement in their sleepListening for specific information1. B2. D3. A4. D5. C■ScriptListening for general informationForget counting sheep, next time you are having trouble dropping off to sleep, try putting ona jazz CD. Researchers have shown just 45 minutes of relaxing music before bedtime can make for a restful night.The Taiwanese researchers studied the sleeping patterns of 60 elderly people with sleep problems. They told the Journal of Advanced Nursing, how the technique was easy to learn and lacked the side-effects of other treatments. The study participants were either given a choice of music to listen to before going to sleep or nothing at all. The music group were able to choose from six tapes that featured soft, slow music—around 60-80 beats per minute—such as jazz, folk or orchestral pieces.Listening to music caused physical changes that aided restful sleep, including a lower heart and respiratory rate, the researchers found. The people in the music group reported a 35% improvement in their sleep, including better and longer night-time sleep and less dysfunction during the day.Listening for specific information1. According to the passage, which of the following is the best when you have trouble getting tosleep?2. How many people participated in the study?3. What advantage did the technique have in treating sleep problems?4. What kind of music did people in the music group listen to?5. What would listening to music probably result in according to the researchers?Passage TwoListening for general information1. stimulate the mind2. create a meditative moodListening for specific information1. D2. B3. C4. A5. B■ScriptListening for general informationLet’s face it—we all have some form of stress. Whether it’s due to work, school reports, family, or relationships, we could all use a break now and then. Yet in the hustle and bustle of everyday’s life, a lot of us can’t find the time to just drop everything and take it easy.Well, what if someone told you that by just playing music from classical composers like Mozart, Strauss, or Vivaldi, you might find your job a little easier and that it is beneficial to your learning and mind relaxation. It can also reduce our levels of stress. Various studies of children have shown that those who receive music education or play a musical instrument often have increased academic skills. Don Campbell, author of The Mozart Effect, has dedicated himself to studying the effects of music on the mind and body. He counsels students that classical music playing in the background can help them concentrate for longer periods of time and memorize material more easily. He feels that Mozart’s music has a balance that makes it especially beneficial. But Campbell doesn’t stop with Mozart. He says that Bach can stimulate the mind, military marches can rev up the body, and religious music can help create a meditative mood. It’s important to find what works best for your situation.So the next time you feel yourself overwhelmed with work and deadlines, or if you’re just finding it difficult to concentrate,remember the power of music.Listening for specific information1. Why do people often suffer from stress according to the speaker?2. Which of the following is not mentioned as the benefits of listening to classical music?3. What does Don Campbell study?4. What makes Mozart’s music especially beneficial?5. Which of the following statements is NOT true?Passage ThreeListening for general information1. It means listening to a Mozart Sonata increases IQ.2. Classical music, rock, hip hop, popular music etc.Listening for specific information1. A2. D3. B4. C5. B■ScriptListening for general informationIn 1993 researchers from the University of Wisconsin and UC Irvine discovered that listening to a Mozart Sonata increased IQ. This idea called the “Mozart Effect” has been confirmed by various studies around the world.The study suggested that IQ rises 8 to 9 points when listening to Mozart compared to silence. Other studies have suggested improved test scores after listening to Mozart Piano Concertos. Why does this occur?One reason is that classical music is generally very relaxing. Once the brain and body is relaxed, it is more receptive to new input. Classical music as opposed to silence or rock, hip hop or other popular music creates an environment that is conducive to cerebral activities.Not all pieces of classical music are relaxing or create an environment for better cognitive abilities. However, compared to other genres of music, classical music has shown the most potential for increasing IQ.Most classical music is “easy” to listen to, so much that it is sometimes considered “boring” compared to popular music. However, compared to other forms of popular music, it is less distracting. Therefore it helps improve focus while doing other activities.Anecdotal evidence has shown that playing classical music to plants increases the speed and development of plant growth, and that playing classical music to babies increases the reasoning skills of the child.Listening for specific information1. When was the study conducted?2. What happens to the brain when it is relaxed?3. Why do people sometimes feel bored listening to classical music?4. What will happen when playing classical music to plants?5. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?Ⅴ. Learn English Through a Radio Program1. summer is over2. falling to the ground3. the greatest songs4. have recorded this song5. a lovely version6. darker days and lost love7. the death of a father8. more hopeful song9. leaving the big city 10. the promise of new love ■Script略Ⅵ. Song1. angel2. subway3. crowded4. caught5. truth■Script略。
2024年广东省中考终极猜押预测试题英语一、语法选择(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)请通读下面短文,掌握其大意,根据语法和上下文连贯的要求,从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案,并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。
Selina, Hebe and Ella are three lovely young girls from S.H.E. and they have a new album(唱片专集),Magical Journey. They were honored with “Most Popular Pop Group” title for the Taiwan and Hong Kong region at 1 Chinese Music Chart Awards ceremony.The three lucky, but hardworking girls have been seeing many of their dreams 2 . When the three high school girls entered a singing contest in Taiwan in 2000, 3 of them even dreamed of being a superstar. Ella and Hebe entered simply for the 10,000 yuan prize, 4 Selina was encouraged by her young sister, 5 was then too young to take part.“We had never met before, 6 we didn’t talk at all at first,” recalls Ella, with a naughty smile. “7 we were put together in a room, eating together, sleeping together and we soon 8 we had many similarities and could share everything.” “We can’t almost do anything without any one of the three,” says Selina.Their first album was Girls Dormitory, in 2001. Last year, they released two hit albums Together and Superstar, with record-high sales of 580,000 copies in Taiwan alone.When asked about the 9 to their success, the boyish Ella says, “The not-so-expensive dress style keep us 10 to our fans. We are happy to be the girls next door, your singing sisters.”1.A.the 11th B. 11th C.eleven D.a 11the out B. come true e over e down3.A.every B. each C.none D.all4.A.because B. but C.when D.while5.A.whom B. who C.which D.what6.A.however B. but C.and D.because7.A.When B. if C.unless D.because8.A.found B.thought C.would think D.saw9.A.thoughts B.money C.time D.secret10.A.closing B.close C.closed D.to close二、完形填空(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)请通读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。
2022-2023学年初中八年级上英语期中试卷学校:____________ 班级:____________ 姓名:____________ 考号:____________考试总分:70 分考试时间: 120 分钟注意事项:1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息;2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上;卷I(选择题)一、单选题(本题共计 5 小题,每题 5 分,共计25分)1. —Peter is ________ than you, right?—Yes, but he is ________ runner in our class.A.heavier; bestB.more heavy; the bestC.heavier; the bestD.heavy; better2. My math teacher lives an active life. She looks as _____as she was ten years ago.A.youngB.youngerC.the youngest3. It was very cold. They decided ________ at home.A.stayB.to stayC.stayedD.staying4. We will have a ________ holiday.A.two-month'sB.two monthsC.two-monthsD.two-month5. There are fifty-five students in Paul's class. ________ of them goes to school by bus.A.NoneB.BothC.Neither卷II(非选择题)二、完形填空(本题共计 1 小题,共计5分)6.(5分)Children need free time to find their own interests, be with friends or just relax.Parents(1)________ to know more about their kids. So if parents and their kids can find free time activities to enjoy(2)________, it'll be useful to them.How children spend free timeAll children are different. But many like to spend their free time doing things like shopping, going to the park, playing games or other(3)________ activities. Children also like to(4)________ their free time through after school activities. Most children join in after-school activities(5)________ arts and sports.Free time with parentsChildren always like(6)________ their free time with their parents. Parents are veryhappy(7)________ they can spend time doing things together with their kids. They also think it's a great(8)________ to know about each other. Usually the mothers like seeing a movie or doing shopping with their kids in their free time, while fathers like watching a football game or other sports games.Sometimes children just want to spend time by themselves.(9)________ they just think about something. Parents should(10)________ children enough free time. And children should learn to balance the time spent with themselves and families.(1)A.hateB.tryC.refuseD.enjoy(2)A.lessB.differentlyC.togetherD.quickly(3)A.onlineB.fullC.boringD.difficult(4)eB.planC.saveD.kill(5)A.such asB.at leastC.because ofD.more than(6)A.takingingC.spendingD.paying(7)A.whenB.althoughC.soD.before(8)A.problemB.mindC.wayD.program(9)A.AlmostB.MaybeC.HardlyD.Finally(10)A.giveB.makeC.stayD.put三、阅读理解(本题共计 5 小题,每题 5 分,共计25分)7.Costa Rica(哥斯达黎加)Costa Rica is a great place for you if you're looking for adventure, with surfing(冲浪), volcanoes(火山)and other recreational(娱乐的)activities. Once it was thought as an unsafe travel destination, Costa Rica is full of warm-hearted(热心的)and helpful locals now. You'll never get a chance to feel lonelybecause there's a lot of exciting adventures.Hong Kong, ChinaDespite being one of the biggest cities in the world, Hong Kong is a great place to relax as it is full of "Zen moments"(静思时刻), such as beautiful gardens and Taichi classes. It is regarded as one of the safest cities in the world.Aran Islands(阿伦群岛)There are very safe, quiet islands with friendly locals. And it is a perfect place for riding bicycle—the most common form of transport on the islands. It is home to the most famous Iron Age fortress(堡垒)in all of Europe.【长难句分析】1. Costa Rica is a great place for you if you're looking for adventure, with surfing(冲浪), volcanoes(火山)and other recreational(娱乐的)activities.翻译:如果你想去冒险,哥斯达黎加是个不错的选择,那里有冲浪、火山和其他娱乐活动。
2023-2024学年湖北省武汉市青山区八年级(上)期中英语试卷一、听力测试(共1小题,每小题5分,共30分)(一)听句子,选图片.(共1小题,每小题5分,共5分)你将听到五个句子,请在下列六福图中,选出所听句子内容相符的图片,并在答题卡上将选定答案的字母标号涂黑.每个句子读一遍.1.(5分)(1) (2) (3)(4) (5)(二)听句子,选答语.(共5小题,每小题1分,共5分)你讲听到五个句子,请根据句子内容,选择恰当的答语,并在答题卡上将选定答案的字母标号涂黑.每个句子读两遍.2.(1分)A. Pop music.B. Water.C. The sounds of nature.3.(1分)A. Yes, I have.B. No, I don'tC. Yes, it is.4.(1分)A. I think so.B. They will be OK.C. OK, I won't5.(1分)A. On May 4, 1929B. In 2 days.C. 5 metres long.6.(1分)A. It's old.B. Billy.C. It's Tom's.(三)听对话,选择最佳答案.(共3小题,每小题3分,共10分)你将听到三段对话,请根据对话内容个,选出每个问题的最佳答案.每段对话读两遍.7.(3分)请听第一段对话,回答下列小题.(1)What are they talking about?A.The CCTV news.B.The sports programme.C.The TV station.(2)How long does Jim watch TV every day?A.3 hours.B.4 hoursC.5 hours.(3)What does the girl think of watching too much TV?A.It's helpful for sports.B.It's good for health.C.It's not helpful.8.(3分)请听第二段对话,回答下列小题.(1)What happened to the woman?A. Someone stole her car.B. She lost her ring.C. Someone broke into her house.(2)What is the man?A. A doctor.B. A policeman.C. A reporter.(3)Where does the woman live?A. On 36 Garden Street.B. On 22 Long Road.C. On 10 First Street.9.(4分)请听第三段对话,回答下列小题.(1)How did David go to work?A.By bike.B.By car.C.By bus.(2)Who fell off the bike?A.A man.B.A boy.C.A woman.(3)Where is Mr.Wang now?A.In the meeting room.B.In the office.C.At his house.(4)How soon will David go to meet M.Wang?A.In 10 minutes.B.In 20 minutes.C.In 30 minutes.(四)听短文,选择最佳答案.(共1小题,每小题5分,共5分)你将听到一篇短文,请根据短文内容,选出每个问题的最佳答案.短文读两遍.10.(5分)(1)What does Eva want to be when she grows up?A.A pianist.B.A singer.C.A violinist.(2)What does Eva want to buy for her parents?A.A dog.B.A car.C.A house.(3)When did Eva get her piano?A.At the age of6.B.At the age of 8.C.At the age of 11.(4)Who gave Eva the piano?A.Her mother.B.Her father.C.Her teacher.(5)What did Eva do at the age of11?A.She joined a music club.B.She attended a music festival.C.She taught students to play the piano.(五)听短文,填信息.(共1小题,每小题5分,共5分)11.(5分)你将听到一篇短文,请根据短文内容,将所缺信息填入答题卡对应的横线上,每空一词.短文读两遍.Bruce LeeIn 1940He was(1)in the US.In 1943He(2)to Hong Kong.In 1959He(3)at the University of WashingtonIn 1969He acted in a famous(4)film MarloweIn 1973He died, but people(5)remember him now二、单项选择(共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)从下列每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项.12.(1分)When Kate reached here, she was out of________breath.( )A.a B.an C.the D./13.(1分)Beijing is famous________the Great Wall.( )A.as B.for C.by D.with14.(1分)The villagers encouraged their children________hard.( )A.study B.studyingC.to study D.of studying15.(1分)You can go out if all your homework________.( )A.done B.is doneC.was done D.will be done16.(1分)There are ________ people in the supermarket.It's so crowded.( )A.hundreds of B.hundredC.hundreds D.hundred of17.(1分)Though she is very young,________she knows a lot.( )A.so B.or C.and D./18.(1分)Usually naughty boys try to_________the teachers' attention by making a lot of noise in class.( )A.pay B.catch C.bring D.present19.(1分)Millie is a kind girl. I think she can________her classmates.( )A.get along well with B.hear ofC.hear from D.get ready for20.(1分)He is the man________helped me yesterday.( )A.which B.whose C.who D.whom21.(1分)--I hope that I will have much money and I can buy a beautiful car. --________.( )A.In your dreams B.You're welcomeC.Thank you D.You're friendly三、完形填空(共1小题,每小题10分,共10分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将选定答案的字母标号涂黑.22.(10分)One Sunday afternoon,my younger brother and I were left alone at home.I was doing my homework while my younger brother was watching TV.Suddenly,the doorbell rang.My brother thought it was our parents,So he opened the(1)quickly.A tall man stood outside and asked politely if our parents were at home.Without thinking my brother said,"No."When I wanted to close the door he suddenly(2)the door very hard and came into our house.He took out a(3)and ordered me to tie up my brother's(4)with a rope(绳索).I tied up his hands in a special way so my brother could untie(松开)himself(5)The man then tied my hands up and locked (6)of us in the kitchen.Soon,he went upstairs I taught my brother to untie his rope with his hands.He then untied(7)I rushed to the telephone to call the police,but the line was cut of.The doors were all locked from outside.It was lucky that the man forgot(8)the kitchen door.We got out of the house through the window and went to the nearest pay phone to call the police.Soon the police came and the man was caught.By the time,my parents had come home.We told them the whole story.My parents were glad that we were not hurt.They told me that I should stop my brother from(9)the door to the stranger.I learned a lesson on(10).(1)A.cupboard B.door C.doorbell D.window(2)A.pushed B.too C.knocked D.closed(3)A.candy B.knife C.gift D.phone(4)A.feet B.legs C.arms D.hands(5)A.hardly B.easily C.suddenly D.difficultly(6)A.all B.each C.neither D.both(7)A.me B.myself C.him D.himself(8)A.to pass B.to open C.to close D.to lock(9)A.turning on B.sending C.opening D.closing(10)A.safe B.safely C.safety D.danger四、阅读理解(共4小题,23题每小题5分,24、25、26每小题5分,共35分)23.(5分)Peter decided to become a runner after watching the Olympics.His parents were surprised at it,because he had never been interested in running before.His friends thought he was joking.Everyone believed that he would give up in a week.But they were all wrong.Peter found a useful training plan on the Internet.He started by walking and then he started running.After that,he joined a local running group and ran in the park twice a week.Three months later,he ran his first race.Though he didn't win,he reached the finishing line without resting.Until now,he has run in several races.He is very proud of himself.根据短文内容,判断下列句子正误.正确的在答题卡上将"T"涂黑,错误的在答题卡上将"F"涂黑.(1)Peter wasn't interested in running before.(2)Peter's friends believed that he could become a runner.(3)Peter's training plan came from the Internet.(4)The running group ran in the park once a week.(5)Peter won his first race after training for three months.24.(10分)Many young people want to be pop stars.Pop stars are rich.Many people think they are lending a happy and easy life.Is that true?The answer is no.In fact.they have very hard lives.They spend much of their time on travel.Sometimes the travel is interesting,but in most time it is boring to pop stars.The following chart is a day's life of a pop star.Feb.10,20185:00Woke up and had break fast in the hotel Packed bags.Took taxi to the airport.7:30Plane took off half an hour later than usual for the had weather.8:30Plane landed,Waited for luggage(行李)for half an hour.Signed for fans at the airport.9:45Arrived at the hotel and had a short rest.10:0Stared out to attend the meeting with fans and pave an interview to the local reporters.11:0Went to radio station to attend the live show.12:0Had lunch with local producer(制片人).13:0 0Went to the theatre and prepared for the night's show.The lighting of the theatre was good,but the band did po orly.17:0Back to the hotel Tried to have a rest.Still worried about the band.18:0Had supper,but ate little.18:3went to the theatre again and got ready for the show.19:3Sang very well,and audience gave a warm welcome.The band improved a little.22:0Show was over.Very tired from it23:0Back to the hotel Took a bath.Too excited to sleep.so watched TV.0:00Fell asleep.with TV on.根据短文内容,选择最佳选项,并在答题卡上将选定答案的字母标号涂黑.(1)The pop star went back to the hotel on Feb.10,2018.A.onceB.twiceC.three timesD.four times(2)According to the chart,the pop star was good a.A.singingB.dancingC.making facesD.playing the piano(3)The pop star felt after the performance.A.tiredB.excitedC.sadD.both A and B(4)The band did in the rehearsal(彩排)in the night's show.A.better in the show thanB.worse in the show thanC.in the show as badly asD.not tell us how the band did(5)This passage mainly tells us that.A.pop stars are not rich in factB.young people had better not be pop starsC.there are may young people wanting to be pop starsD.pop stars don't have an easy life as they seem to have25.(10分)Many Chinese people like American country music,such as the songs of John Denver.But still some people don't know when country music began.Country music is from the folk music of the Appalachian Mountains in the east of America.There,people sang while playing the violin and the guitar They sang about everyday life,love and their problems.So the songs were sometimes a little sad.One of the most popular country music singers was John Denver,who was also quite famous to the Chinese.For Denver,music was a language that could bring the world together,He said music could bring people together.We will understand each other better through music.People are different in colour and they may speak different languages,but people are the same in mind and body.All of them love music and can understand music.The world lost a great man when John Denver died in 1997.But his music and words will live on.根据短文内容,选择最佳选项.(1)John Denver was a great singer.A.AmericanB.JapaneseC.EnglishD.Chinese(2)American country music is from the music of AmericaA.popB.folkC.lightD.jazz(3)The underlined sentence "Music was a language that could bring the world together" means people .A.can sing songs togetherB.from all over the world sing the same songsC.know language and musicD.show their feeling through music and so they understand each other better(4)When did John Denver die?A.In 1990.B.In 1996,C.In 1997.D.In 1999.(5)Which sentence is TRUE?A.Everyone knows when country music began.B.Country music is from the jazz music.C.John Denver was famous to Chinese people,too.D.John Denver didn't think music could bring people together.26.(10分)Bob was only seven years old.One night,Bob was at home alone while his parents were out for a party.He had often stayed alone before,so he wasn't afraid.As he waited for his parents to return home,he watched a film on TV.His eyes became heavier and heavier as time passed by.Suddenly,Bob's eyes opened wide--what was the sound in the next room?Bob heard the window being opened slowly.For a minute,Bob was so frightened that he could not move,and his body felt like ice.He knew that he couldn't lose his head(惊慌失措)and began to think of the things he could do.Again he heard the sound of someone trying to climb into his home through the window.Bob's drums were standing in the corner near the TV. "Wait,maybe there is something I can do," thought Bob.He beat on his drums as hard as he could.The sound was so terrible that Bob surprised even himself.He also surprised the man in the window,who ran away as fast as possible.How clever he was!根据短文内容,选择最佳选项.(1)How did Bob feel when he was alone at home?A.Happy.B.Calm.C.Excited.D.Nervous.(2)What did Bob do when he waited or his parents?A.He watched TV.B.He played the drums.C.He fell asleep.D.He did nothing.(3)The person who wanted to come into the room might be.A.a friendB.a strangerC.a thiefD.an animal(4)What did Bob do to make the man run away?A.He turned up the TV.B.He beat his drums.C.He called the police.D.He asked his parents for help.(5)How do you like Bob?A.Sad.B.Silly.C.Stupid.D.Clever.五、情景交际(共1小题,每小题5分,共5分)根据对话内容,从下面方框中选出恰当的句子补全对话.27.(5分)A. They are really interesting.B. It usually has bad effect on teenagers.C. What kind of film do you like best?D. They usually tell beautiful love stories.E. What do you think of action films?A: Hi, Dick, do you like watching films?B: Yes, I like watching films very much.A: (1)B: I think it's terrible. (2)A: I agree with you. (3)B: I like romantic films best.(4)What about you?A: I love cartoon films. (5)六、综合填空(共5小题,每小题1分,共20分)(一)单词拼写(每小题1分,共5分)根据括号内所给的中文提示,正确拼写单词.28.(1分)To protect the environment, we should(控制)the number of cars.29.(1分)We can know some(真实生活的)information from the documentary.30.(1分)There is a big car(停车场)under the supermarket.31.(1分)Daniel would like to order a(单个的)room,as he likes to be quiet.32.(1分)I think(财富)isn't the most important thing in our life.(二)词形变换(每小题1分,共5分)根据句意,用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空.33.(1分)They passed the exam(success).34.(1分)If you get(scare)easily don't watch horror films.35.(1分)Liu Tao is one of the best(actress)in China at present.36.(1分)The girl didn't tell her mother the (true).37.(1分)It's cold outside. Would you mind(shut)the windows?(三)选词填空(共1小题,每小题10分,共10分)根据短文内容,从方框中选择恰当的单词填空.每个单词只能用一次,每空一词.38.(10分)can; happy; radio; so; east; feelings; loved; decide; easier; foreignAlmost everyone enjoys music. There are(1)many kinds of music to hear that you are sure to find something very interesting. People can get all kinds of(2)from hearing music.Music can make you(3)or sad. That's why music is(4)by all.Every country has its own kind of music.Many people like the music of their nations(民族),but with the help of television and(5),people can get in touch with different kinds of music all over the world and many people enjoy (6)music. There are great difference between the music of the(7)and that of the west. But certainly people of the east(8)understand the music of the west and also the other way round.It seems that it's(9)to understand music than to understand a language, but it is up to you to(10)whether it is true.七、书面表达(共10分)39.(10分)在众多的电视节目中你最喜欢什么节目?请以"My Favourite TV Programme"为题,写一篇80词左右的短文.提示:1.你最爱的电视节目的名称;2.你为什么喜欢这个节目;3.你从这档节目中学到了什么;要求:1.条理清楚,语句通顺,逻辑严密,可适当发挥;2.文章的开头已给出,不计入总词数.My Favourite TV ProgrammeMy Favourite TV Programme is______.。
广东省韶关市乐昌市2023-2024学年八年级上学期期中英语试卷(解析版)一、语法选择,通读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后按照句子结构的语法和上下文连贯的要求,从每题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案,并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。
1.(10分)The Royal Hotel is the closest to the sea,so it is very popular.But it is expensive,so it is not the(1) there.It has the(2) swimming pool,but most of the guestsgo swimming(3) the sea.The Promenade Hotel(4) the most popular restaurant in the town.The food is thebest and the(5) give the friendliest service.It has the smallest swimming pool,and the swimming pool is very popular,(6) the pool is the most crowded.The Super Hotel is in the city,so it is the busiest hotel.Its(7) are the richest and the rooms and the swimming pool(8) the most comfortable.This hotel is the most expensiveone in(9) country.There are some other hotels around,such as Lucy's Hotel,but they are just for guests(10) a sleep,and they are cheap.(1)A.crowded B.more crowded C.most crowded(2)A.big B.biggest C.bigger(3)A.in B.on C.under(4)A.have B.has C.had(5)A.waiters B.waiter C.wait(6)A.and B.so C.though(7)A.guest B.guests C.a guest(8)A.be B.is C.are(9)A.the B.a C.an(10)A.has B.had C.to have二、完形填空,通读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后在每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,并将答题卡.上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。
初中英语词性转换练习题及答案精品文档初中英语词性转换练习题及答案学科:英语任课教师:授课日期: 年月日提高题】词性转换11. My little brother’s ambition is to be an____________ like Jackie Chan.2. What’s the weather like today? It’s ______3. Children usually begin school at the ________ of six.4. Children __________ seven must go to school.5. Mary has made several films. She is a wonderful __________ .6. The girl over there is the most __________ member in our school singing group.7. Joan plays the guitar, and in ___________, she writes her own songs.*8. At the end of his speech, Tim _________ a few points to show his agreement.*9. She __________ her part well, because she is one of the most famous ___________ in the world. *10.Yoga is one of his favourite___________.词性转换21 / 24精品文档1. We didn’t know whether he was dead or _________.2. We all know that water is very important to all ________ things.3. Spiders can __________ for several days without food.4.Disneyland is a famous ___________ park.5. Jack told his students an _________ story.6. I can never find my pens at home because they _________ after I bought them.7. I must go now because I have an important meeting to _________.8. My Mum bought a new washing machine, it’s__________*9. Grandpa Li _________ alone because he has no children.*10. When Tom was parking his car in the street, a policeman_________ in front of him.词性转换31. The students of Class One will _______ a lecture on how to fight pollution.2. The lift can open and close the door __________3. Kate sings so __________ that many people like2 / 24精品文档her very much.4.The light music sounded very __________. I enjoy every minute of it.5. She knows the subject from __________ to end.6.At the __________ of this century, the APEC conferences were held successfully in shanghai.7. What a ______ day we’re having these days!8. Of all the subjects ________ is my favourite subject.*9. No one knows why dinosaurs ____________ suddenly.*10. After running00 meters, I ________ to feel tired.第 1页词性转换41. Another across sea bridge will be _____ in China soon.2. You’d be more _____ next time, or you’ll makethe same mistake again!3. Among all the students in our class Li Ming writes the most______.4. Could you tell me whether it is a ________3 / 24精品文档change or a physical change?5. In summer the sun is always shining ______.6. How do you know that Joyce was a popular ______ as a chief editor?7. They want to make it _____ to the public that air pollution is harmful to us.8. The students are not allowed to touch the ________ without permission.*9.Do you think it is good to have so many tall _______ in our city?*10. You look _______ than before.词性转换51. Both of the trousers are well designed, I don’t know which pair to _____ .2. Please say it loudly so that everybody can hear you ______.3. The little boy asked if the rain came from the _____.4. When I was of your _________, I was very strong.5. Nowadays children prefer hamburgers to any other food, but they are not good for children’s _______.4 / 24精品文档6. It rained ____ last night and the river rose two feet.7. The _____ in my car doesn’t work properly.8. It’s very important for us to have plenty of ______ food.*9. Traffic today is much ______ than that of tomorrow.*10. The _________ over there live in the same housing estate.词性转换61.Two women doctors will give us a lecture on ____ diet tomorrow.2. It is difficult to _____ the office because it is too big.3. The box is too ____ for me to carry.4. The building is one of the_______ buildings in the city.5. Have the government officials measured the _____ of the bridge?6. She told us the young man was of average ____ and wore a pair of glasses.7. He does so well in his study and I think he5 / 24精品文档must be ____ to others.8. The Qomolongma is the_______ peak in the world.*9. An English-Chinese dictionary _____ us a lot.*10. Do you know who the telephone was________ by?词性转换71. Li Ming jumps ____ than any other student in his students.2. She is always very ______ to his class teacher.3. China is a great country and it has a long _______.4. Today many Chinese children are having a happy life with their parents while thousands of ________children in Iraq are having a hard life.5. Sue is a good girl and her ________ makes her parents and teachers pleased.6. There are many places of _______ interests in Beijing.7. Our English teacher _______ us a lot in learning English.第页8. One his way _______ , he saw a robber running6 / 24精品文档out of a bank.*9. I wouldn’t like to do business with such a ________ man.*10. It is _________ for him to improve his English without enough practice.词性转换81. After the heavy storm , thousands of people became _____ .2. He looks _________ enough, but can we trust him?3. I read the book _______ looking for some information about UFOs.4. He is too ________ to walk any more.5. Nowadays more and more people realize the _______ of keeping balance of nature.6. It is ______ for us to learn English well in order to meet the need of World Expo7. I’ll come as soon as _______.8. He’ll _______ get the first prize because he is so good at English.*9. He is _______ to Mary’s birthday.*10. The children _______ themselves playing in7 / 24精品文档the water yesterday afternoon.词性转换91. He will ________ be a professional football player in the future.2. She shows great ______ in singing.3. The film was so _______ that all of us laughed.4. They were ______ in my culture and they asked me a lot of questions.5. Otis was the _______ of the first lift.6. His _____ saved people from having to walk up and down stairs.7. Simon has just received an _____ to Betty’s birthday party tomorrow.*8. Making paper is one of the greatest _____ of ancient Chinese people.*9. The party was very exciting and we _______ every minute of it.*10. We went to a beautiful lake and spent an _______________ day.词性转换101. He has got an ________ from his uncle in the United State.8 / 24精品文档2. Are you going to ______ Julia to your birthday party?3. To his great _______ , he will go travelling to Hong Kong with his parents this summer holiday.4. My father wants to buy a car of this model, but my mother thinks it’s too __________5. I don’t think I like ________________ food. It’s not fresh.6. Can you do me a ________________ to lift the heavy box?7. What _____________ weather we are having now!8. There are different kinds of ___________ in the sea.*9. Tim thinks traveling by train is far ___________ than by air.*10. The fish are ____________ by the great noise.词性转换111. The woman was ___________ when she saw the big snake.2. The man talked all the time _________________.3. It was so ________________ to see my favorite singers at the concert yesterday.9 / 24精品文档4. I love my teacher because she is ________________ to us.5. They tried to run away to ______________第页6. The children are skating excitedly on the __________________ river.7. It was said that he was the last bird ________________ in that village.8. Last week three _________________ saw a UFO flying over the sky.*9. He tried to make more money to work out a solution to travelling _____________ *10. Hearing the good news, the children rushed out ____________________ than usual.词性转换121. He is the person who likes to make a lot of ________________ .2. We are so lucky that we are _________________.3. What a ________________ story it is!4. What’s the _________________ place you’veever been to?5. Let’s study the _________________ lesson now.10 / 24精品文档6. The __________________ word in this dictionary is “zoo”.7. I think _________________ is the most important thing in theworld.*8. Jack is very good at fishing. He must be one of the greatest____________ in the world. *9. _________, he fell off his bicycle and broke his arm yesterday.*10. It was an _____________ experience for me to be invited toattend the meeting.词性转换131. He gave me a ___________________ smile.2. The air in the city is polluted by many _____________________3. Hey, boy, don’t be _______________ any more.4. Ben throws the discus far, but John throws much __________.5. I need ____________ information to work out the problem.6. Maybe this is a __________ answer.7. My brother is years old. His _____________ food is chocolate cake.11 / 24精品文档8. My mother is very _________________ though she is only forty.*9. It’s _________ for him to be late for school because he is agood student.*10. Lesson One is _________ than Lesson Two.词性转换141. The students enjoyed their __________ during the summer holidays.2. The children are skating happily on the ___________________ river.3. People keep dogs and cats because they are their___________________4. The sky thundered with a __________ sound of lightning.5. They had an ________________ morning together.6. She was so ________________ that she couldn’t say anything.7. You should give me an __________________ of your absence from the meetin g. *8. It’s about twenty__________ ride from here to the nearest hospital.*9. She _______ her face with her hands.*10. Have you __________ the problem with anyone?12 / 24精品文档词性转换151. I’m very _________________. Let’s take aphotograph now.2. I’m too tired to walk any ________________.3. The ________________ of a good education in that country is great.第页4. It was ___________________ of you to do so.5. I caught three little _________________ yesterday6. My professor is very ___________ and sometimes he forgets what school we’re at.7. When we were visiting the small town, the people there were very ___________ to us.8. I have been to Beijing __________.*9. Although it is very late, he still went on__________ on the old man.*10. Our house____________ an area of00 square metres.词性转换161. He will come to the library at_______2. Don’t leave the window_________ when you go13 / 24精品文档to bed.3. The________ of your speech was really wonderful.4. Who often ______ the door of the classroom?5. Can you tell me how to ________ the machine?6. This doctor always does an important ______ on an important person.7. How do you ________ this new recorder?8. As soon as you enter the hotel, you can see a large_____ on the wall.*9. He _______ the letter when he was on his way home.*10. Peter likes eating sweet rice dumplings, but he ______eatingthe salty ones.词性转换171. His job was to__________ the school sports meeting at the moment.2. Tom is a very good swimmer. He has ______ arms and legs.3. Have you ever visited such a famous_______ like him?4. Tom’s ambition is to be a ________ footballer14 / 24精品文档5. All the students like PE lessons. Here “P.E” means _______ Education.6. We mustn’t ________ our school b y throwing the rubbish everywhere7. The _______ teacher told us that this was a _______change.8. This is really a _______trip. We’re all_______with it.*9. The great_______ always teaches me how to _______ the ________ *10. When they got there, the soldier had already _________ the boy.词性转换181. It gave us great ________ to watch ”Tennis Masters Cup”2. We can get a lot of _________ out of Watching “Tennis Masters Cup”.3. Everybody must help to fight all kinds of ________.4. He is our new ________ teacher. He teaches_______ very carefully5. I want to ________ the parcel to America, can15 / 24精品文档you tell me what the ______ is?6. WTO is short form for World Trade______7. Sometimes we believe the police have special _______ to deal with this kind of case.8. This is a ________ machine. The ________ for the machine is electricity.*9. He is one of the most famous _________ in the university.*10. The underground runs ________ than the car词性转换191. Not only Tom but also John often _________ football here after school.第页个性化教学辅导教案学科:英语任课教师:授课日期: 年月日真题再现001. Paper catches fire__________.2. Are there any taxi __________in the small city?3. __________is more important to me than money,4. Look at the photo! The __________man from the left is our class teacher, Mr. Wang,16 / 24精品文档5. The sick man is getting__________.011. Paper catches fire__________.2. Are there any taxi __________in the small city?3.__________is more important to me than money,4. Look at the photo! The __________man from the left is our class teacher, Mr. Wang,5. The sick man is getting__________.021. Patrick is going to be a__________when he grows up.2. On a ________night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky.3. Lucy loo ks __________in Mum’s shoes.4. In __________weather, the old had better stay at home.5. At the ______of this century, the APEC conferences were held successfully in Shanghai. 031. The French artist said, “It is my________time to visit Shanghai. I l ove this city so much.”2. Such cold weather is quite ________in June and17 / 24精品文档people have to wear warm clothes again.3. It’s a ________to have a picnic with all the family members.第 1页4. “Your job is to ________customers well. Please kee p it in mind,” the manager told the waiters.5. That girl is the most ________member in the school singing group.6. Quite a few ________houses have been built for the tourists around the lake.. After flying in the storm for nearly one hour, the helicopter landed ________at last.046. The old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travelpass to Hong Kong so ________.7. Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast ________ in Shanghai after his long absence fromthe city.8. Feng Ai’s love and ________ will always be remembered by her students and their parentsin Yunan.18 / 24精品文档9. Many people caught cold last month because of the ________ weather.10. Watch ________, and you will find the difference between the two pictures.051. A bus ________ is responsible for the safety of his passengers.2. It rained ________ last night and the river rose two feet.3. The fisherman are told to be more careful on ________ days.4. More people are getting to know the ________ of environmental protection.5. I ________ we see a film about the Anti-Japanese War.6. ________ food is convenient to cook so it’s a craze in supermarkets.061. I received some Christmas ________ from my pen pals.2. The young man works as a ________ in a five-star hotel.19 / 24精品文档3. The children were ________ excited when they saw the two pandas, Tuantuan andYuanyuan.4. To be lovely Shanghainese, we should be helpful and ________ to others.5. Our new flat is on the ________ floor, and we have a good view of the park.6. It is ________ to improve our English without enough practice.7. The situation in that country is ________. You’d better not go there.8. It is ________ of Peter to pay so much money for clothes.第页071. The street near my house is always crowded with cars and________ .2. Mum made a big chocolate cake for little Kevin’s ________ birthday.3. “Would you tell ________ about your trip to Russia?” the children asked Uncle Joe.4. The Iraq War has made thousands of children20 / 24精品文档________.5. Listen! The birds are singing ________ in the woods.6. I believe knowledge is more ________ than money.7. The students had a ________ in the English class yesterday.8. Put some milk into the flour, break two eggs and then ________ them.081. They bought some ________ at the supermarket yesterday.2. Mandy has got a lovely dog. ________ name is Oliver.3. We still need ________ more chairs for the meeting room.4. The young mother is singing ________ to her baby son now.5. Shirley has done a lot of for the tourists. She is really a________ guide.6. It’s difficult for us to tell the ________ between these two words.21 / 24精品文档7. More and more foreigners are learning to ________ Chinese nowadays.8. A group of young Japanese had an ________ tour in our town last month.第页个性化教学辅导教案学科:英语任课教师:授课日期: 年月日1. Li Ping is good at2. Alice prefers to do some.3. Mary is my sister and she is years than I .4. Excuse me, what is the. All the. The video game machine is so in it.7. We are8. Our life today is much than before.9. December is the10. Computers are becoming more and more11.“ Don’t play football in the street.” The policeman shouted at the children 11. Did you enjoy 12. What is the 13. Every morning my grandpa spends half an hour the flowers.14. Computers can work out problems far than human beings.15. Mary is the 16. The little girl plays piano22 / 24精品文档17. Who was the 18. When he was only years old, he started hard 19. Now more and more0. I f ound his1. Have you received Mary’s ?22. Alice bought hula hoops instead of two3. We must not only think .第 1页24. The boy is sitting in his seat ____________.25. Today is his birthday.26. Tom can throw7. He started28. Children should do some housework.It is also a way of9. “It is never too late to learn” is a Chinese0. Don’t believe her. I can say that she did not tell us the1. It israining . You must drive carefully.32. My deskmate look3. How he has got the first prize.34. The old lady looked5. Many animals are so to us.36. We are going to have a about this problem.37. Don’t take it away. It is an8. The famous ___________ can speak languages.39. These artists use things or men as their models. They drawpictures well.23 / 24精品文档40. My daughter looks much than her deskmate.41. Some are interested in Chinese food.42. The teacher3. All of you must hand in your4. The weather report says it is5. Of all the boxes, the one in the corner is the .46. All of them are to their new .47. I am not used to the weather here. It is8. He is a scientist. He comes from9. I know these over there quite well.50. We want to have a talk with your1. Is it2. The old man likes to live in a .53. Please help4. Our Chinese teacher has some第页第页24 / 24。
2025届石家庄市重点中学英语九年级第一学期期末达标测试试题注意事项1.考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.2.答题前,请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置.3.请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符.4.作答选择题,必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑;如需改动,请用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案.作答非选择题,必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答,在其他位置作答一律无效.5.如需作图,须用2B铅笔绘、写清楚,线条、符号等须加黑、加粗.Ⅰ. 单项选择1、I was very tired last night, ________ I went to sleep earlier.A.but B.or C.so D.for2、Modern plastics can ______ very high and very low temperatures.A.stand B.hold C.keep D.take3、The third line of Zhengzhou Subway by the end of December of 2020.A.will complete B.was completed C.is completing D.will be completed4、—Do you know that our class won first prize in yesterday’s singing competition?—Really? __________ good news!A.How B.How a C.What D.What a5、Which of the following words is formed like "handbag"?A.meaningful B.snowman C.protection D.impatient6、_____there was no obvious evidence, most people didn’t think he was guilty of the robbery.A.When B.While C.Since D.As7、In the following words, which underlined letter has a different sound from the others?A.attention B.condition C.question8、Charlotte got married to his husband forty years ago.A.was married with B.married with C.married to D.married9、Mike visited his teacher with his classmates______.A.last Sunday B.on Sunday C.every Sunday D.next Sunday10、It’s hard for us to say goodbye we have so many happy days to remember.A.so B.because C.although D.untilⅡ. 完形填空11、Jack’s love for birds started when he made his first bird fe eder about six years ago. He filled the feeder with seeds(种子),put it in his backyard and then 1 started coming. He got really 2 in birds as more came. Then he joined a local society. As he realized that more and more birds were dying very 3 ,he wanted to try his best to help them.Besides 4 he has done, he has his own team called Protecting Our Birds. He does 5 about birds, operates awebsite to teach people about birds and how to help them, and 6 boxes for birds. Not long ago, he found that the bluebirds were nesting(做窝)in the dead trees which were often cut down, 7 he began to make bluebird boxes for the birds in order to save them. Now he wants to use these boxes to take the place of the dead trees. He hangs these boxes up in trees and takes 8 down every week to see if the birds are nesting in them. He also writes articles, hoping that more people will 9 protecting natural ecosystems(生态系统)."Researching birds is 10 to protecting birds,” Jack says, “In order to protect birds, we have to learn and really know about the birds. ”1.A.seeds, B.birds C.scientists2.A.bored B.nervous C.interested3.A.sadly B.quickly C.peacefully4.A.what B.why C.how5.A.business B.research C.practice6.A.builds B.breaks C.pushes7.A.so B.but C.unless8.A.it B.him C.them9.A.hand in B.join in C.call in10.A.simple B.crazy C.importantⅢ. 语法填空12、A:Li Ping, have you seen the science fiction film “The Wandering Earth”(流浪地球)recently?B:Yes, I have. I saw it during the Spring Festival.A:It was reported that the film was great. What does it tell about?B:It tells a story about 1.humans, threatened(威胁)by a dying and swelling sun, build very large engines to push the planet out of the solar system, starting a centuries-long journey in search of a new sun.A:Y ou mean our earth is in great danger and we should try to save it, right?B:Yes, quite right. As we all know, with the 2.of modern agriculture and industry, more and more pollution is produced. We all should have a strong sense of 3.protection. Or we humans won’t find places to live in.A:Sure. But in your opinion, what 4.of pollution are there?B:There are many. The most important ones are water, air and land pollution.A:Can you tell me what caused water pollution and how we should solve these problems?B:As we can see, people are 5.litter into the river and factories are putting waste into the river, so water is polluted.I think we should require our government to close down those factories and call on people to clean up the river and 6.every kind of pollution.A:Do you have any ideas for solving the air pollution?B:Well, to cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving. Of course, riding a bike is also a good choice. It’s good for health and it 7.costs anything!A:What else can we do to help save the earth?B:Nothing is waste if we have a 8.mind. We can put those things we don’t need to good use. We can rethink, reuse and recycle them!A:Any good examples to share with me?B:We can learn from Amy Hays, a most unusual woman in the UK. She lives in a house that she built 9.out of rubbish. Jessica Wong from Hong Kong made handbags by using old clothes, especially old jeans. Both of them are good at recycling and they are a(n) 10.to us all.A:They’re great! If only we join together to fight against pollution and learn to recycle, we will make a difference and lead to a better earthⅣ. 阅读理解A13、阅读下面的短文,从每题所给的A、B、C 三个选项中,选出最佳选项回答问题或完成句子。
8A Unit5 Educational exchanges 一.必背单词cational adj.有关教育的n.教育_________ v. 训练,培养__________➢教职员要确保孩子们度过愉快有教育意义的一天。
The staff should_____ ______ the kids have an _______ and ________day.➢她希望更多的人可以受到良好的教育。
She hopes that ___________________________➢你应该教育你的孩子守规矩。
You should ______ your children to _________.2.exchangen.交流have an exchange 进行交流v.交换exchange sth with . 同某人交换某物➢让我们就这件事交换一下意见吧!Let's ____________of views on the matter.➢我可以同你调一个座位吗?_____________________________________.3.culture n.文化adj.文化的;人文的________ 文化交流_________ 传统文化___________➢她研究过东方各国的文化。
She has ______ the _______ of Oriental countries.➢许多人到国外时,都会感到文化冲击。
Many people suffered from____ ______when they_____ ____.4.local adj.当地的当地政府______________ 当地美食_____________ 当地习俗_______________➢他们的行为违反了本地风俗。
Their_________ offended against the ______________.5.tour n. 旅游v.在...旅游n. 游客______=traveller=visitor n.旅游业__________➢他们正在环球旅行。
人教版八年级上册英语第一单元Unit1测试卷(含答案)第一部分选择题(共50分)一、阅读理解(共20小题,每小题2分;满分40分)第一节阅读下面语言材料,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
ATravel InformationMount MangBeihai Park Dongting LakeYizhangXicheng District Yueyang City1. You can visit a famous forest park in ____.A. Xicheng DistrictB. Yueyang CityC. Yizhang CountyD. Xinhua District2. If you don't know how to go to Dongting Lake, you can call ____ to getinformation.A. 3668899B. 3726868C. 3329666D. 38866993. If you and your parents visit Beihai Park, you need to pay ____.A. ¥120B. ¥150C. ¥360D. ¥4504. In which part of the magazine can we read the text?A. Travel.B. Art.C. Technology.D. History.BWelcome to Hainan. It is in the south of China. The map of Hainan looks like a big pear. It is a beautiful island (岛). Every year many people come to visit it. There are lots of things to see and do here.◆The capital cityIn Haikou, the capital city of Hainan, you can find many special houses. They are about 100 years old. The ground floor (底层) of the house sets back into (缩进) the building, so it can stay out of (避开) both rain and sunshine.◆Food and teaWould you like to eat Hainan chicken rice? People cook the chicken with vegetables. It is really fresh. People there also enjoy having tea in the morning, afternoon and evening. Usually they eat candies with their tea. They call it Laoba Tea.◆Special fruitPeople in Hainan like coconuts (椰子). They use them to make juice, ice cream and cakes. They also use coconuts to make some works of art.5. What does the writer think the map of Hainan looks like?A. A big apple.B. A long banana.C. A big pear.D. A small coconut.6. The ground floor of the house in Haikou sets back into the building to ____.A. get lots of rain and sunshineB. keep away from rain and sunshineC. make the house look differentD. give people more room to live in7. What do people also eat when they drink Laoba Tea?8. Which of the following is NOT true about Hainan?A. Hainan is a very beautiful island in China.B. There're a lot of special houses in Haikou.C. People in Hainan use coconuts in many ways.D. People in Hainan drink Laoba Tea once a day.CDo you know anything about the holiday camps in Hong Kong? Years ago, the students in Hong Kong liked to take part in an English holiday camp during their holidays. They were very young, but their parents didn't go with them.Now they still enjoy taking part in many kinds of holiday camps. And they never go with their parents. Many parents hope they can learn a lot about life. And they want their children to learn some knowledge about living skills, science, reading, writing…The most important thing for them is to learn how to look after themselves.Holiday camps in Hong Kong don't cost much money. Most of the families can send their children there. Holiday camps help make their studies better and their bodies stronger. And the government(政府) never charges (收费) for them. So every year a lot of children in Hong Kong take part in them.People think that the students in Hong Kong know a lot about many things. Maybe it has something to do with those holiday camps.9. The children in Hong Kong might(也许) take part in holiday camps with ____.A. their teachersB. their parentsC. their brothers and sistersD. other children10. The children CANNOT learn a lot about ____ in holiday camps.A. scienceB. living skillsC. music or artD. reading or writing11. The word “them” in Paragraph 3 refers to(指的是) ____.A. studentsB. childrenC. parentsD. holiday camps12. Which is the best title for the passage?A. Holiday camps in Hong KongB. Children in Hong KongC. Parents in Hong KongD. The Hong Kong governmentDI had a summer camp with my classmates last year.Early in the morning we met at the bus station. After saying goodbye to our parents, we got on the buses. It took us more than two hours to arrive at the campground.We got off the buses laughing and shouting happily. We jumped and ran all over the place. It was the first time that we had been away from parents. Some of us started to feel homesick (想家的). However, when the night party and dances began, the homesickness was gone.The next day, everybody rushed to the boating class, hoping to be ahead. At first, my friends and I worked hard, but the boat wouldn't listen to us and kept going round and round. Then the teacher taught us how to work together. After many tries, we did much better.The swimming class was my favorite. It was the hottest time of a day and the best time to stay in the cool water. The swimming teacher was a funny man, and during the class he often made us laugh happily.During the week, I learned a lot of new things and made many new friends. I also learned how to take care of myself.13. How did they get to the campground?A. By train.B. By bike.C. On foot.D. By bus.14. How did they feel when they arrived at the campground?A. Sorry.B. Upset.C. Happy.D. Sad.15. What was the writer's favorite?A. The swimming class.B. The boating class.C. Jumping.D. Running.16. How is the text organized (组织)?(①=Paragraph 1,②=Paragraph 2…)第二节阅读短文,从方框内所给的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,其中有一个多余的选项。
The role of teachers ’cognitive support in motivating young Hong Kong Chinese children to read and enhancing reading comprehensionYin-kum Law *Faculty of Education,The University of Hong Kong,Pokfulam Road,Hong Konga r t i c l e i n f oArticle history:Received 6February 2008Received in revised form 27June 2010Accepted 12July 2010Keywords:MotivationCognitive supportInstructional practices Reading comprehension Chinese learnera b s t r a c tThis study analysed the reading lessons of 35Hong Kong Grade 2Chinese teachers to investigate whether their instructional practices were related to their students ’motivation and reading comprehension scores.The reading lessons of the teachers were analysed according to the five dimensions of the Motivating Instructional Context Inventory.Students ’subjective reports on their motivation and their teachers ’teaching performance,and their reading comprehension scores were collected.Hierarchical linear modelling showed that students tended to have better reading comprehension scores when their teachers provided more cognitive support and used more motivating instructional practices to motivate them to read.Ó2010Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.1.IntroductionMotivation can affect children ’s commitment to reading,their approaches to reading,as well as their engagement in reading activities (Wig field &Tonks,2004).Various studies have shown that children ’s reading motivation directly and indirectly in fluences their reading comprehension (Guthrie,McRae,&Klauda,2007;Nolen,2007).Expert teachers know how to adopt effective strategies to motivate and support students ’learning to read;these strategies include:stimulating students ’curiosity to read,allowing students more autonomy and recognising students ’efforts in reading lessons (Pressley et al.,2003;Reeve &Jang,2006).The present study investigated the relationship between young Chinese children ’s motivation,teachers ’use of motivating instruc-tional strategies and children ’s reading comprehension.The theo-retical framework of the present study was based on Lam,Pak,and Ma ’s (2007)Motivating Instructional Contexts Inventory that postulated that teachers ’cognitive support could motivate Chinese students to learn.This research approach was also consistent with previous work on reading engagement that emphasised that students ’reading motivation is related to their reading compre-hension (Guthrie et al.,2007).The present study used both students ’self-reported questionnaires and classroom observation to examinehow instructional practices motivate students to engage in reading and enhance students ’reading comprehension.1.1.Motivation and reading comprehensionA considerable number of studies have found that children ’s reading motivation can promote effective reading comprehension (Ainley,2006;Law,2009;Nolen,2007;Guthrie et al.,2004).Reading motivation is multidimensional,and nine components of reading motivation have been identi fied among students in later elementary grades,two of which have been found to be of primary signi ficance in studies on reading engagement:extrinsic and intrinsic motivation (Wang &Guthrie,2004;Wig field &Guthrie,1997).Extrinsic moti-vation refers to doing something for external rewards,demands and recognition:when children are extrinsically motivated to read,they are primarily responding to the external environment or to social bene fits (Wig field &Guthrie,1997).Intrinsic motivation refers to participation in an activity on the basis of one ’s inherent interest (Ryan &Deci,2000).Wig field and Guthrie (1997)described children ’s intrinsic reading motivation as consisting of:curiosity,the desire to learn about a particular topic of personal interest;challenge,the satisfaction obtained from mastering complex or dif ficult ideas from reading materials;and involvement,the pleasure gained from being engaged in reading interesting materials.Extrinsic motivation has been found to be negatively correlated with children ’s grades.In the study of Wang and Guthrie (2004),for example,Grade 4students ’extrinsic motivation was found to be negatively associated with text comprehension:children with*Tel.:þ852********;fax:þ852********.E-mail address:yklaw@hkucc.hku.hk.Contents lists available at ScienceDirectTeaching and Teacher Educationjournal h omepage:ww w.el/locate/tate0742-051X/$e see front matter Ó2010Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.tate.2010.07.004Teaching and Teacher Education 27(2011)73e 84higher scores on extrinsic motivation had lower scores on text comprehension.Intrinsic motivation,on the other hand,has been shown to be positively related to reading performance and with children’s grades at all grade levels(Lepper,Corpus,&Iyengar, 2005).Students with intrinsic goals tend to engage more deeply in the process of learning activities and have better conceptual learning than students with extrinsic goals(Vansteenkiste,Lens,& Deci,2006).The results of Taboada,Tonks,Wigfield,and Guthrie’s (2009)study indicated that intrinsic motivation could make significant and independent contributions to fourth-graders’reading comprehension.Moreover,Wigfield and Guthrie’s(1997) study on reading motivation indicated that highly intrinsically motivated children read more extensively than less motivated students or students who are only extrinsically motivated.Ryan and Deci(2000)indicated that when extrinsic motivation is accompanied by a degree of autonomy,for example,it is likely to result in greater engagement and higher quality learning as it may be part of a continuum of motivation and thus lead to other types of motivation.For example,students may start learning for external reasons or motives,such as to obtain praise,good grades or other rewards,but may subsequently accept and internalise the value and importance of reading as their own.According to Sweet,Guthrie,and Ng(1998),most teachers think that high achievers are more intrinsically motivated and require less extrinsic support,in contrast to low achievers,who need more social support.In fact,Deci,Koestner,and Ryan(2001)argued that extrinsic rewards may undermine the intrinsic motivation of school-aged children and suggested that teachers start from students’perspectives to arrange optimally challenging tasks,develop inter-esting learning activities,and provide students with more choice. Intrinsic motivation may have similar salient effects on reading across students from different cultures.Wang and Guthrie’s(2004) study indicated that intrinsic motivation is equally salient in US and Chinese children’s reading comprehension.1.2.Teachers’cognitive support for enhancing students’motivation and reading comprehensionMany studies have shown that teachers play important roles in promoting early reading development(Baker,Dreher,&Guthrie, 2000;Bogner,Raphael,&Pressley,2002).Pressley et al.(2003)ana-lysed how highly effective teachers utilised a variety of strategies to motivate and provide cognitive support for children to read.Research on effective reading instruction has provided evidence that guided instruction approaches that emphasise teachers’instructional guid-ance are more effective than unguided or minimally instructional approaches(Kirschner,Sweller,&Clark,2006;Van Keer&Verhaeghe, 2005).Topping and Ferguson(2005)demonstrated that effective literacy programmes were those in which teachers used effective questioning techniques,scaffolding and modelling,and balanced individual instruction with small group and whole-class instruction.The theoretical framework of Concept-Oriented Reading Instruction(CORI)specifies a set offive motivational constructs that emphasises teachers’support for engaging Western students in reading activities(Guthrie et al.,2007).Thefive constructs of instructional practices are:(a)fostering students’intrinsic motivation;(b)increasing students’perceived autonomy;(c)building students’self-efficacy;(d)enhancing students’social motivation through collaboration activities;and(e)improving students’mastery goals. Thefindings of studies that investigated the effects of CORI indicated that students’intrinsic motivation had increased and reading comprehension had improved after students had received the intervention programme.Similar to the theoretical framework of Concept-Oriented Reading Instruction(CORI),five components of instructional contexts that involve teachers’cognitive support for motivating Chinese students’to learn have been identified:challenge,curiosity, real-life significance,autonomy and recognition(Lam,Pak,&Ma, 2002;Lam et al.,2007).Research has found that Chinese teachers who adopted these motivational strategies to teach were able to increase student motivation,and consequently,to enhance student performance(Lam&Law,2007).Thefive constructs are explained in the area of teaching of reading in the following sections.1.2.1.ChallengeTeachers who provide students with challenging but achievable tasks can motivate students to learn as such tasks may enhance students’expectancy of success(Guthrie et al.,2007;Lam&Law, 2007).Students are most strongly motivated to read and willing to put more effort into reading when they think that they can under-stand the reading materials and learn from reading(Schunk,2003). In contrast,students will not put any effort into reading an extremely difficult book that they are unlikely to understand even though they may obtain very attractive rewards or high scores for reading it.Nor will students invest time and effort in an easy task as they mayfind it has little value and does not provide them with any satisfaction. 1.2.2.CuriosityAnother effective reading instructional practice is to stimulate students’curiosity about the reading materials as children are more likely to become intrinsically motivated,and therefore willing to devote more time and effort to reading,when they read texts that are of interest to them(Ainley,2006).Studies have shown that inter-esting texts promote better reading comprehension and deeper processing of content(Alexander,Kulikowich,&Schulze,1994).At the same time,reading can be viewed as problem solving (Scardamalia&Bereiter,1991),and effective teachers know how to promote students’curiosity by guiding them to interact with text materials and by devising engaging ways to help them solve comprehension problems(Guthrie et al.,2004).For example,such teachers select moderately familiar texts for their students,activate their prior knowledge,pose intriguing questions,provide hands-on activities and encourage students to formulate their own questions about the texts.Curiosity in reading initiates exploration and maintains interest as it does in all learning.1.2.3.AutonomyAllowing students more autonomy in reading lessons can also enhance intrinsic reading motivation(Guthrie et al.,2007).Examples of this are reading activities that support student autonomy by allowing students to choose books,set their personal reading goals and carry out their own assessments.A number of empirical investigations have provided convergent evidence that autonomy-support,offering students opportunities to control their learning,can motivate children to become actively involved in reading(Bogner et al.,2002).Autonomy in reading fosters active participation in group discussions,which enables students to express their ideas,practice reading strategies and achieve a deeper understanding of texts.Shared interests promote meaningful participation in discussions because talking about intrin-sically interesting topics makes any conversation enjoyable.1.2.4.Real-world interactionsReading activities that are linked to preparation for reading tests and rely mainly on low-level skills can make students feel bored and lose interest in reading(Pressley,Graham,&Harris,2006).Effective instructional reading programmes provide students with real-world interactions as texts that are linked to real-life experiences are more likely to motivate students and enable them to activate their back-ground knowledge(Wigfield et al.,2004).Teachers asking students questions and linking texts to students’real-life experiences,so thatw/Teaching and Teacher Education27(2011)73e84 74students realise that what they learn from a text can be applied in their daily lives,may lead to students being more willing to put effort into learning and encourage them to use effective strategies to solve reading problems.Real-life interaction is one of the main components of Concept-Oriented Reading Instruction(CORI)(Guthrie et al.,2007).In the CORI classroom,teachers provide students with hands-on activity such as observation or manipulation of some object or events, historical re-enactments or discussion with visitors,and students are then asked to read a text.These hands-on activities can enable students to activate their background knowledge automatically and can also lead to a lot of questions being raised.Such real-world interaction can capture students’attention,generate their interest and motivate them to read.1.2.5.RecognitionPositive recognition of a student’s effort can also promote his or her motivation(Lam&Law,2007).Attribution theory(Weiner,1979, 1986)explains how individuals interpret their success or failure by attributing it to either their ability or effort.Most people,including students,think that effort is controllable and unstable,whereas ability is uncontrollable and stable.Accordingly,students who attri-bute their academic success or failure to effort may believe that if they work harder,they may achieve success and avoid failure,since they consider effort to be within their control and therefore able to be changed.In contrast,students who attribute their academic perfor-mance to ability may not bother to work hard because they believe that as their ability is beyond their control they cannot do much to change it.Hence,while praise for ability may not have beneficial effects on students’motivation,praise for effort often does.Research on reading motivation supports this belief and indicates that teachers can play an important facilitating role in recognising effort and self-improvement(Dolezal,Welsh,Pressley,&Vincent, 2003).If teachers can encourage students by emphasising indi-vidual contributions and efforts and by de-emphasising individual intelligence and classroom competition,they may be able to moti-vate their students and help them to improve their reading ability.The present study examined how classroom instructional prac-tices were associated with younger children’s reading comprehen-sion.In order to investigate second grade classroom teaching practices that specifically contributed to the development of students’reading motivation,five specific components of teachers’motivational strategies(i.e.,challenge,curiosity,real-life signifi-cance,autonomy and recognition),which are similar to the moti-vational constructs of CORI,were examined.As the present study was conducted in the Hong Kong education context,the particular cultural and pedagogical contexts of Hong Kong classrooms are introduced in the coming section.1.3.Cultural and pedagogical aspects of Hong Kong classroomsPedagogy is embedded in the context of culture and related to particular educational policy,curriculum and classroom teaching (Alexander,2000).In a traditional Chinese society such as Hong Kong,education has always been considered an important means for gaining rewards,as well as for creating opportunities for upward social mobility.Hence,Chinese parents generally are concerned with their children’s achievement since obtaining higher marks at schools can lead to future success in society(Ho,1986).Various studies have suggested that Chinese parents have higher expectations of their children’s academic success than parents in the U.S.,and these expectations have been found to be linked to improvement in learning(Lin&Fu,1990).A number of studies have also indicated that there are cultural differences with respect to parents’responses to their children’s academic performance.Chinese parents tend to de-emphasise their children’s success and give more negative emotional responses to their failure,and these negative responses may also be linked to students’self-improvement(Millier,Wiley, Fung,&Liang,1997;Ng,Pomerantz,&Lam,2007).It is generally recognised that teachers of Chinese students in East Asia still place great emphasis on traditional Confucian ideas, which have contributed to one of the most classical and influential living traditions in East Asia(Tu,1993).According to traditional Confucian ideas,students are usually required to respect their elders and listen to authority.As a result,Chinese students are considered as passive learners,reluctant to ask questions or challenge knowl-edge transmitted by their teachers(Biggs,1996).Although the ways of teaching and learning practiced in current Hong Kong primary classrooms may not fully embody the main concerns of Confucian thought,it has been common for Chinese teachers to adopt a tradi-tional approach(i.e.,teacher-led activities and teacher talk)to teaching as they may think that this is an efficient way to transmit knowledge to students in crowded classrooms,usually containing 35e40students.Obedience,persistence and conformity to group norms are still emphasised in most Hong Kong classrooms.Western comparative studies on learning have associated Confucian-heritage culture classrooms in East and Southeast Asia with poor learning contexts and low quality outcomes(Biggs, 1996).However,Biggs argued that this view is not correct.Biggs (1996)analysed the characteristics of Confucian-heritage culture classrooms and found that these classrooms actually provide good teaching environments that emphasise student activities and a warm learning climate,thus generating high cognitive level outcomes.His arguments have been supported by various other studies(e.g.,Perry,2000;Stevenson&Stigler,1992).In the recent education reforms being implemented by the Hong Kong Government,teachers are encouraged to switch from using teacher-centred approaches to using student-centred approaches and to change their role from being agents of knowledge trans-mission to being facilitators of students’knowledge acquisition.In the new era of education reform,Hong Kong teachers are facing rapid changes in education and their views on traditional teaching prac-tices are also being m and Law’s(2008)study found that Hong Kong student teachers’openness to advice and challenges could be associated positively with their teaching performance.1.4.Teaching reading in Chinese in Hong Kong primary schoolsIn contrast to Western countries,where children can read independently once they have mastered the alphabetic system, even when they do not know the meaning of all the words in a text, in Hong Kong,Chinese children learning to read in Chinese are faced with a character based language,for which the sound and meaning of each character have to be learned,and a lot of hard work,rote learning and repeated practice is needed for them to become proficient readers.Chinese primary school children are expected to learn around3000characters.In the traditional Hong Kong Chinese reading classroom in primary school,teachers mainly use textbooks containing articles and exercises to teach students how to read,and use oral answer questions,worksheets and written assignments to assess students’reading performance.In general,there are two reading textbooks for each grade in primary schools,and teachers usually take three tofive lessons to teach one passage.The usual practice is for teachers to teach students new wordsfirst and then explain the content of the passage.Students are required to learn how to write the new words and make some short sentences after learning the passage.The main focus is on learning characters and words in Grade1to Grade3,and on learning various genres in Grade4to prehension of the main ideas of paragraphs and texts is emphasised in all grades.w/Teaching and Teacher Education27(2011)73e8475The Progress in International Reading Literacy Study(PIRLS)on reading comprehension carried out in2001found that Hong Kong primary teachers adopted a traditional approach to teaching reading which over-emphasised,and was limited to,the teaching of vocab-ulary and the main ideas of texts,while neglecting the teaching of reading strategies and higher-order thinking skills(Tse,Lam,Lam,& Loh,2005).As a result of concerns over the ineffective methods of teaching reading of Chinese in Hong Kong,reading has been one of the four key areas of focus in the curriculum reforms in Hong Kong in recent years(Education Commission,2001).The Chinese Language Primary Guide(Curriculum Development Council,2004),which came into effect in2006,recommends that teachers use more effective methods to develop their students’reading ability. According to the Guide,teachers should help primary students develop not only basic reading skills,such as recognition of Chinese characters and vocabulary building,but also higher-order reading skills such as inferring,analysing,integrating and evaluating the meaning of texts.The Guide further states that teachers should pay more attention to motivating students and promoting their use of reading strategies,critical thinking and creativity.Before2000,Hong Kong Grade6students(aged11e12)were required to sit for a public examination:the Academic Aptitude Test for allocation to secondary schools.Secondary schools in Hong Kong are classified into three bands,from band1to band 3. Students who obtained high scores in the test would be allocated to band1schools,whereas students obtaining lower scores would be allocated to band3schools.The negative backwash effect of this was that Primary students spent a lot of time practising the test items starting from Grade4.In2001,the test was abolished,and teachers had more time to implement school-based reading curricula and school-based initiatives(Lam,Cheung,&Lam,2009). In recent years,new innovative reading instruction programs based on Western reading theories,such as learning reading through cooperative learning activities(Law,2008a),have been introduced into Hong Kong Chinese primary reading classrooms.Also,Chinese teachers have been encouraged to use various strategies to moti-vate students with different abilities to read.Since PIRLS,a Quality Assurance Inspection summary report (Education Bureau,2007)has indicated that many schools have achieved some success in motivating students to read and improve their reading proficiency through the efforts of the Education Department and various“extensive”reading activities,in which students are provided with opportunities to read by themselves. The latest report of PIRLS2006(Mullis,Martin,Kennedy,&Foy, 2007)indicated that the overall reading scores of Hong Kong Primary4students in PIRLS had risen from fourteenth out of35 countries and provinces in2001to second out of40countries in pared with PIRLS2001,there was a30%increase in the number of high achieving students,and a corresponding decrease in the percentage of average and low achievers.This remarkable improvement in Hong Kong students’reading comprehension has attracted the interest of researchers and educators(Cheung,Tse, Lam,&Loh,2009).In particular,the changes in Chinese teachers’instructional practices from a traditional approach that emphasises memorization and rote learning to a new approach that emphasises motivating students’reading may be linked to the significant improvement in students’reading comprehension.Cheung et al.’s (2009)study,based on the data of PIRLS2006,found that Chinese teachers adopted a variety of strategies to teach students to read and this had made a significant impact on students’reading performance.It should be noted that the improvement in reading comprehension could also to some extent be due to the interven-tions specifically aimed at lower ability readers since PIRLS2001, such as teaching reading strategies in Chinese reading classrooms. However,there was a lack of evidence to demonstrate the relationship between teachers’instructional practices and students’reading motivation and reading comprehension.1.5.The present studyThe present study was part of research that investigated Hong Kong Grade2students’reading comprehension(Law,2006,2008a, 2008b).Most studies have used self-reporting questionnaires or classroom observation to examine teachers’use of motivating strategies and students’reading motivation,but only a few studies have examined the relationship between Chinese students’perceptions of teachers’instructional practices,students’reading motivation and their reading comprehension.The present study extends the investigation of the relationships between the various components of reading instruction in a Chinese context.This study also adopted a systematic approach towards the analysis of teachers’instructional practices on the basis of children’s perceptions and observers’ratings.The theoretical framework of a questionnaire,the Motivating Instructional Contexts Inventory (MICI),was used to analyse teachers’instructional practices.The MICI was developed by Lam et al.(2002,2007)and has been used in investigating students’perceptions of their instructional contexts (Lam&Law,2007;Law,in press),as well as in analysing teachers’instructional practices(Lam,Law,&Shum,2009).The constructs of the questionnaire were based on the major social-cognitive theories of achievement motivation,and are supported by a number of studies in the domain of teaching reading.The goals of this study were to examine the relationship between:1.Second graders’intrinsic motivation,extrinsic motivation andtheir reading comprehension;2.Second graders’perceptions of their teachers’instructionalpractices,their intrinsic motivation and their reading compre-hension;and3.Observed teachers’cognitive support and second graders`reading comprehension.It was expected that children’s intrinsic motivation would be associated with their perceptions of teacher’s instructional practices and their reading comprehension and,moreover,that observed teachers’cognitive support would be related to students’reading comprehension.2.Method2.1.ParticipantsThe participants comprised35Chinese language teachers(5.7% male and94.2%female)and their1056Grade2students(52.1% boys and47.3%girls)in11primary schools in Hong Kong.The mean age of the students was7.37years.According to the Hong Kong school system,there are six grades of primary school,from Primary 1(Grade1)to Primary6(Grade6),and the age for entering Grade1 is around6years.There are seven grades at the secondary level, from Secondary1(Grade7)to Secondary7(Grade13),and the average age of Grade1students is around12.Ten of the schools were government-subsidized schools,and one was a private school. The schools had a similar banding with mixed ability students. Except in the case of the private school,most of the students were from middle and low-income families.Students from the private school mainly came from middle-income families.The teachers’mean number of years of teaching experience was 9.66.All teachers had formal teacher training qualifications,andw/Teaching and Teacher Education27(2011)73e84 76twenty-three of them had received training courses on how to develop students’reading proficiency through cooperative learning activities.2.2.Instruction unitFor the present study,one teaching period of40-min duration for each of the35teachers was video-recorded,which constituted an instruction unit on the same text.The text was entitled“Brother Crows”(see Appendix A)and,as with most texts used in Grade2 reading classrooms,was around250words in length.Grade2 students usually have a vocabulary of about1000characters and can read simple storybooks in Chinese and write short paragraphs.2.3.Measures2.3.1.Reading testsThe students were asked to complete two sets of reading comprehension tests at the beginning of the study to measure their reading comprehension ability.One test was part of the Hong Kong Attainment Test(HKAT)(Chinese)(Hong Kong Education and Manpower Bureau,2002),which is a standardised test developed by the Hong Kong Education Department to assess the Chinese language literacy of Hong Kong primary and junior secondary school students.It has been used widely in Hong Kong schools as an index of students’language proficiency in Chinese and consists of three main parts:basic language(vocabulary,syntax,punctuation and language mechanics),reading comprehension and written composition.The HKAT reading comprehension test assesses basic reading compre-hension ability,such asfilling in the blanks of short paragraphs, selecting appropriate words to complete sentences,and answering short and simple questions about two passages.The second test comprised a set of reading comprehension measures written in Chinese and developed by the author to assess students’inferential comprehension and higher-order reading ability.All the items in this reading comprehension assessment had been pilot-tested several times in three different schools,and items with low corrected-item total correlations(less than.3)had been amended or deleted.The children were asked to read two passages of approximately600e800 words each,and then to answer17multiple-choice questions designed to assess their inferential comprehension.Students with high scores in the two tests were considered proficient readers,while students with low scores were considered less successful readers.The Cronbach’s a for the reading comprehension test was.67for this sample.The total scores of the two tests were converted to100 for each test and the two scores were combined as one score for further analysis.2.3.2.Students’self-reported motivationThe questionnaire was adapted from the Motivation for Reading Questionnaire(MRQ)(Wang&Guthrie,2004)and used to assess students’intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for reading activities and achievement.The original MRQ consists of11scales with55items grouped into three categories:self-efficacy,intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation(Wigfield&Guthrie,1997).Two categories, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation,including eight scales(three scales for intrinsic motivation andfive scales for extrinsic motivation)with 45items had been translated into Chinese and used in another study (Wang&Guthrie,2004).Lau and Chan(2003)have used the Chinese version of the MRQ to measure Hong Kong Chinese secondary students`reading motivation.In the present study,several items written in Chinese were selected from the MRQ to measure students’intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.The extrinsic motivation scale consisted of six items and targeted recognition,grades,competition in reading and social reasons for reading.The intrinsic motivation scale consisted of three items and targeted students’interests in reading books.It should be noted that there is an imbalance of the items in the two categories in the current study as in the original questionnaire more items were used to measure students’extrinsic than intrinsic motivation.Examples of the items are:“I like reading for good school results”(extrinsic motivation)and“I like reading books”(intrinsic motivation).Students were asked to indicate the extent to which they agreed or disagreed with the statements in the questionnaire according to a4-point Likert scale,with1for“strongly disagree”and4 for“strongly agree”.For this sample,the Cronbach’s a was.72for the extrinsic motivation subscale and.58for the intrinsic motivation subscale.2.3.3.Students’perceptions of instructional practicesThe questionnaire,written in Chinese,was adapted from the Motivating Instructional Contexts Inventory(MICI)developed by Lam et al.(2002,2007).The original questionnaire was written in Chinese and consists of24items to measure the extent to which students perceive that their teachers arrange challenging tasks for them to learn,integrate real-life experience with their learning,arouse their interest and curiosity,grant them autonomy,recognise their effort and give them useful feedback to help them improve.In the present study, only15items were used,and these are shown in Appendix B. Examples of the items are:“When teaching us how to do an assign-ment,our teacher starts from the easy part and progressively guides us through the difficult part”(challenge);“Our teacher used examples of daily life to explain the text”(real-life significance);“Our teacher encouraged us to raise questions based on the text”(curiosity);“Our teacher allowed us to give various answers when answering ques-tions”(autonomy);and“Our teacher praised improving students,not only students who obtained high scores”(recognition).The students completed the questionnaire,indicating to what extent they agreed or disagreed with the15items of the MICI describing the teaching practices of their teacher according to a4-point Likert scale,with1for“strongly disagree”and4for“strongly agree”.The average score of the items was used as an index of the students’perceptions of their teachers’instructional practices.High scores indicated that the students agreed that their teachers used instructional practices that were motivating,and low scores indicated the opposite.The Cronbach’s a for internal consistency reliability of the scales was.79.In both student questionnaires,the items had been reworded so that their concepts and language were simple and direct.Also,for each questionnaire,two primary principals and three teachers,who had experience teaching primary students,read the questionnaire items and agreed that Grade2students would be able to under-stand them.2.3.4.Observed instructional practices scaleThe scale was adapted from the observed instructional practices scale developed by Lam and Law(2006)and has been used in a study investigating two Chinese teacher interns’writing classes(Lam,Law, et al.,2009).The original scale contained six dimensions based on the MICI.In the present study,five dimensions of the scale,challenge, real-life significance,curiosity,autonomy and recognition,were used to measure teachers’various strategies to support students’reading (see Appendix C for thefive dimensions with examples).Examples of the items on this scale are:“Teacher provides sufficient information to help students grasp the characteristics of learning content,concepts and reading skills”(challenge);“Teacher uses students’personal experiences as examples to understand the text”(real-life signifi-cance);“Teacher stimulates students’reading interest during the teaching process”(curiosity);“Teacher allows students to have various answers when answering questions”(autonomy);and“Teacher praises students’who have made an effort to learn and showed improvement”(recognition).These items indicated the degree tow/Teaching and Teacher Education27(2011)73e8477。