1-第5课英语_释译

第1课释译1、All it takes to turn this into holiday merriment is a bit of greenery looped around the office—the staff will soon be looped, too.Just making some decoration for the office will create the same merry atmosphere as that of a holiday, and the staff will soon be drunk.2、Furthermore, partygoers figure, it offers relief from such pesky obligations as thanking anyone or being kind to wallflowers because there really aren’t any hosts.Since it seems that the office party is free, the participants feel greatly relaxed. They no longer care about the annoying etiquette rules for common gatherings such as expressing gratefulness to the host or showing consideration towards others at the parties.(Moreover, at office party, people don’t feel as if they have to be nice to less popular people because no one person is host,)3、This is all pure hospitality—there for the taking, like the office-supplied felt tipped pens everyone has been pocketing all year.This is offered free and without the need to make any return, as free as the company pens everyone has been taking all year. 4. For those still dimly aware of the once-standard give-and-take of real social life, this no-fault approach to business entertaining seems a godsend.Some partygoers may still be aware of the reality in life, that is, if you want to take you have to give. For these people, such free office party looks like a generous gift form the god.“the once-standard give-and-take”refers to the conventional idea that if one wants to take or gain something he or she has to give of pay at the same time. The word “no-fault”means being free from duty of obligation, and the word “godsend”means a gift from God.5、Flinty Miss Manners does not recognize any holidays from etiquette.The rules for etiquette still need to be observed in every kind of parties.6、It might discourage hospitable bosses to see guests staring at them in horror and then slithering in by a side door.The generous hosts may feel disheartened to see their guests looking at them in alarm and trying to avoid them.7、Discreet questioning establishes that this is an employee’s guest.By the way of asking several questions in a careful and clever way the boss finds out that the guest is not one of the employees in the company.8、10.Now, the reason the invitation said “and guest”was to avoid the ticklish issue of who is still married to whom and what the spouse calls itself.In writing an invitation, the host tended to use “and guest”rather than “and spouse”or “and Mrs./Mr./Ms so and so”because it is hard to keep track of who is still married to whom and what the name of he current spouse is.9、They will, however, be memorable, darkly charging the company with promoting immorality.These spouses who did not go to the party would remember this event and accuse the company of encouraging their employees to tell lies.10、True office romances are the least of them, with their charges of favoritism and melding professional and personal time. Generally those who intend to have some romantic affairs will not develop a relation with a colleague of the company because such a behavior will be criticized as favoring one particular employee over others or mixing business with private life.11、In one evening, they manage to cut through the entire hierarchy and procedures the boss haspainstakingly established for the purpose of being spared this kind of importuningThe employees intend to cross the ranks between them and the bosses in one evening. But such layers and procedures are actually what the bosses have tried to establish through years-long12、What else does talking frankly and informally mean but an invitation to unload opinions without any career consequence?•Paraphrase:•The idea of frank and free talk implies one could speak out to the boss without worrying that his career would be affected by the not-so-nice words towards the boss.•无拘无束开诚布公不就意味着一吐为快而不必担心影响自己的事业前途吗?13、What constitutes a couple is a murkier question than Miss Manners and any sensible employer ought to investigateIt is very difficult to know who and who will come to the party as a couple.Or:The present phenomenon as people living together outside marriage or in homosexual relationship makes it difficult to decide who should be treated as a couple.14、Having to work is enough distraction from one’s more intimate relationships, and the staff was not complied like a guest list, according to personal compatibility.)Working away from home has affected the close relationship among family members. Having partners at the party would at least offset the fact that the staffs themselves were not organized on the basis of how well they get on with each other.15、The clever employee will dress as the executives do, keeping in mind that there are few fields in which people are condemned for looking insufficiently provocative.The smart employee will wear the same or similar style of clothes as that of the boss because they understand that less bold dress is safer and will be free from blame and unfavorable judgment by others.16、Refusing or limiting drinks is not the handicap at business parties that it may be under the overly hospitable eye of a private host.At office parties the guests could refuse to drink or drink as less as they like without being complained. But at a private party, due to the hospitality of the host and out of politeness, the guests have to drink more than they want to.16、At the end, there is another receiving line. That is, the bosses plant themselves conspicuously by the exit, grabbing the hand of anyone trying to get away and thanking him for coming.At the end of the party, the bosses will stand by the door and try to greet every guest to express thanks for his or her presence at the party.第2课释译1. single-person households will outnumber families and couples within a decadeParaphrase: There will be more families with only a person than those with two or more persons within ten years.2、long personal histories with the requisite complications: paraphrase: the complicated personal requisite formed for a long time3、work’s not there to provide a steady income or social life. paraphrase: They will not have steady income or social life because they don’t work any more.4、The fusion of independence and community for older people has proved popularParaphrase: It has proved popular to join independence into the community for older people.第3课释译1、Yet to many of them, modern medicine has become a double-edged sword.Paraphrase:Modern science has brought not only benefits but also problems for many people.2、Doctor’s power to treat with an array of space-age techniques has outstripped the body’s capacity to heal.Doctor’s power to cure patient by the means of space-age techniques has exceeded human beings’healing capacity.3、-- whether to keep trying to save the life or to pull back and let the patient die.Paraphrase:whether to continue saving the life or to change ideas and let the patient die.4、. …that patients, just because they are old and disabled, should not be denied life-saving therapy.Doctors should not give up life-saving therapy for the patients only by the reason that they are old and disabled.5、…for many infants who owe their lives to new medical advances, survival has come at a price.Paraphrase:…survived by means of medical advances, many infants have to pay a price.6、“But I feel strongly that retardation or the fact that someone is going to be less than perfect is not good grounds for allowing an infant to die.”I feel strongly that we cannot let an infant die just because of a poor reason that they are retarded or defected.7、I don’t understand the emphasis on life at all costs, and I’m very angry at the doctors and the hospital.I don’t know why they attach so much importance to being alive, and l’m very mad at the doctors and the hospital.第4课释译1、It is amazing to Americans how anyone gets around, yet Parisians seem to do well .Although Americans are at loss how to go visiting in the streets in Paris, people in Paris are very accustomed to the layout of their streets.2、...the layout of space characteristic of French cities is only one aspect of the theme of centralization that characterizes French culture (Para.3):French culture is of centralization by nature, which is partly embodied in the arrangement of space feature of French cities. 3、Any intrusion of one activity into a space that it was not designed for is immediately felt as inappropriate.People immediately feel it not suitable if you arbitrarily change the function of one space into anther one.4、The function of space in India, both in public and in private places, is connected with concepts of superiority and inferiority. Space plays a role in India in designating its hierarchical system both at home and in public places .Some places are thought to be superior, while others inferior.5、It is a remarkably persistent pattern, even in modern India, where public transportation reserves a separate space for women. (Para.4)This pattern continues to exist for so longer that public transportation in modern India nowadays keeps a separate space for women.6、Freed suggests that these traditional Indian patterns may represent an adaptation to a densely populated environment.Freed believes that these traditional Indian patterns may primarily result from the degree of population density.7、...and given its own characteristics without any reference being made to another location or space (Para.5):and given its own features in no connection with another location or space8、Hollow spaces like rooms, chambers, or halls in Hopi are concepts that are meaningful only in relation to other spaces.Such hollow spaces as rooms, chambers, or halls in Hopi are actually meaningful only when they are in relation to other spaces.9、in which periods of time are not seen as separate pieces of duration, as they are in the Western cultures, but are integrated as pieces of a connected pattern.Unlike Westerners in the pattern of time-space perception,the Hopi think of periods of time not as separate pieces of duration, but integrate them as pieces of a connected pattern.第5课释译1. Mention ill-mannered children and most people roll their eyes at the memory of a little hellion and his boorish parents.When talking about children of bad manners, most people will show their annoyance by moving their eyes around in a circle and recall a trouble-making boy and his rude parents.2. What could make a seemingly rational couple condone behavior that was so obviously rude:What could lead the apparently sensible and courteous couple to forgive or put up with the obviously rude behavior?3. While teenagers laugh at the vulgar antics of “Beavis and Butthead , ”their parents yuk it up with the acerbic “Married With Children ”and the brash “Roseanne.”( para. 6)Paraphrase: While teenagers find amusement in the obscene behavior of “Beavis and Butthead”, their parents laugh heartily at the sour “Married With Children ”and the shameless “Roseanne”.4. The fraying of the nuclear family and the demands on working parents, many experts believe, have produced a generation of children who can program a computer but don’t know how to write a thank-you note:Many experts are convinced that strain and disturbance of the nuclear family and the pressure on working parents have resulted in a generation of children who know how to program a computer but don’t know how to show their thankfulness for their parents and the like.5. If a child reaches adulthood with recollections only of television,Little League and birthday parties, then that child has little to draw on when a true test of character comes up –say , in a prickly business situation.Paraphrase: If a man’s childhood memory consists of only television, Little League and birthday parties, then he has little experience to use when he needs to show his good qualities, for example, in a difficult business situation.6. While children don’t automatically warm to the idea of learning to be polite, there’s no reason for them to see manners as a bunch of stuffy restrictions either.Paraphrase: Even though children won’t voluntarily get interested in learning good manners, they should not regard them as boring and outdated restrictions.7. second nature: a firm habit that has become part of one’s character 第二天性e.g. She has been taking care of the old voluntarily for a long time that it has become her second nature.8. A polite child grows up to get the friends and the dates and the job interviews:When a polite kid becomes adult, he is to succeed in winning friends, dates, and job interviews …。