(Published in O.S.A. Trends in Optics and Photonics Vol 14, Spatial Light Modulators,

国际光学与光子学会SPIE简介SPIE成立于1955年，致力于推动以光为基础的技术，服务了超过170个国家。

SPIE 每年组织或赞助近25个大型技术论坛、展览以及培训项目，范围遍及北美、欧洲、亚洲及澳洲。

1957年，出版了第一期SPIE报刊，举办了第一届国家技术研讨会。

1960年，SPIE报刊刊登了第一组技术论文。

1963年，SPIE举办了第一届研讨班形式的会议并出版了第一批会议记录。

1973年，总部从Redondo Beach迁往加州的Palos V erdes。

1975年，协会收入达到50万美元，实现了财政自给。

1977年，成立了协会金牌奖。

总部迁往华盛顿Bellingham。

1995年，举办了成立40周年庆典。

合作赞助了在西安举办的国际传感器应用与电子器件展览会。

2000年，SPIE会员Zhores I. Alferov因在半导体异质结构和高速光电子学方面的贡献获得诺物理学奖。

2003年，SPIE数字图书馆启动，提供了期刊和会议纪要的七万篇文献。

现在的光学和光电子学大都围绕信息光学展开研究。

在集成光信息处理方面，有光计算、光学互连、衍射光学等前沿领域；在成像方面，较热门的技术有光学计算机断层成像和三维共焦成像系统；在光学传感器方面，人们越来越关注三维传感技术；新一代的全息术和光学信息处理技术也亟待开发。

同时，信息光学的材料和装置也成为了热门领域。

更加偏向应用领域的还有人机接口与显示技术。

当然还有很多基础理论问题，如非线性光学、超快光学现象、散射、位相共轭等。

Statement of PurposeSPIE is an international society advancing an interdisciplinary approach to the science and application of light.About the SocietySPIE is the international society for optics and photonics founded in 1955 to advance light-based technologies. Serving approximately 180,000 constituents from more than 170 countries, the Society advances emerging technologies through interdisciplinary information exchange, continuing education, publications, patent precedent, and career and professional growth.SPIE annually organizes and sponsors approximately 25 major technical forums, exhibitions, and education programs in North America, Europe, Asia, and the South Pacific.In 2010, the Society provided more than $2.3 million in support of scholarships, grants, and other education programs around the world.SPIE publishes the SPIE Digital Library, containing more than 313,000 research papers from the Proceedings of SPIE and the Society's 9 scholarly journals with around 18,000 new papers added each year, and more than 120 eBooks from the SPIE Press catalog. The SPIE Press publishes print monographs, tutorial texts, Field Guides, and reference books. SPIE also publishes a wide variety of open access content.Membership includes Fellows and Senior Member programs. The Society has named morethan 900 SPIE members as Fellows since 1955, and implemented its Senior Membe r program in 2008.SPIE's awards program serves to recognize outstanding contributions from individuals throughout the scientific community regardless of membership status.History of the SocietySPIE TIMELINE: 1955-Present1955 - On July 1, the Society of Photographic Instrumentation Engineers is founded to specialize in the application of photo-optical instrumentation. The Society's first local technical meeting is held in Los Angeles on August 8.1956 - Incorporated as Society of Photographic Instrumentation Engineers in the State of California. The Society produces its first product display (Exhiborama) with 250 in attendance. First 100 Members.1957 - The first SPIE Newsletter is published. The first national technical symposium is produced. Membership in SPIE reaches 200.1958 - Karl Fairbanks Memorial Award established. The third SPIE Symposium marks the first time government agencies cosponsor an SPIE symposium.1959 - A. J. Carr is hired as first full-time executive secretary. The first photo-instrumentation course is organized through the University of California at Los Angeles.1960 - The SPIE Newsletter publishes its first group of technical papers. The SPIE Sustaining Membership category is created. First Honorary Membership awarded to Lewis Larm ore.1961 - Membership in SPIE reaches 1,000. George W. Goddard Award is established to recognize exceptional achievement in optical or photonic instrumentation for aerospace, atmospheric science, or astronomy.1962 - The official Society of Photographic Instrumentation Engineers Journal is launched with an October/November issue.1963 - SPIE holds its first technical seminar-type conference and publishes its first official proceedings, on image enhancement.1964 - The Journal is renamed the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers Journal to reflect the Society's formal name change to the "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers."1965 - The SPIE Newsletter name is changed to SPIE-GLASS. The number of national SPIE Chapters reaches 15.1966 - President's Award is established to recognize meritorious service of outstanding benefit to the Society. Award is given by the President and the Board of Directors. SPIE holds four technical conferences.1967 - Demand for technical conferences continues to grow; SPIE meets demand by offering 4 more technical conferences and supporting Proceedings. SPIE income reaches $50,000.1968 - Physical Optics Notebook, by Parrent and Thompson, is published.1969 - Membership reaches 1,200 and Sustaining Membership reaches 50. SPIE holds five technical conferences. Joseph Yaver is hired as Executive Director.1970 - Journal name changed to Journal SPIE, and SPIE-GLASS is included in Journal. Tabletop Exhiborama is established as SPIE hallmark at the Fiber Optics meeting in Dallas, Texas. SPIE produces its first meeting in Japan.1971 - Journal name changed to Journal of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Albert M. Pezzuto Award is established to recognize a currently serving or former national officer or director who has given exceptional service to the Society. SPIE holds six technical conferences.1972 - The SPIE Journal name changes to Optical Engineering. The 100th Sustaining Member enrolls in SPIE. SPIE holds eight technical conferences.1973 - National Headquarters moves from Redondo Beach to Palos Verdes, California. SPIE holds 11 technical conferences.1974 - Rudolf Kingslake Medal and Prize is established for recognition of the most noteworthy paper to appear in Optical Engineering. SPIE holds 10 technical conferences.1975 - The Society becomes financially viable with income reaching $500,000. SPIE holds 16 technical conferences. SPIE presents author manuscript kit at all its conferences.1976 - SPIE holds 27 technical conferences. SPIE celebrates its 20th Anniversary with Brigadier General George W. Goddard and Rudolf Kingslake being honored guests.1977 - The Gold Medal of the Society Award is established to recognize outstanding engineering or scientific accomplishments in optics, electro-optics, or photographic technologies or applications. The Society Headquarters is moved to Bellingham, Washington. SPIE income reaches $1,000,000. Membership is 2,000. The 100th Proceedings Volume is published.1978 - Educational Fund established to foster educational activities in optical engineering. SPIE holds 36 technical conferences.1979 - Proceedings Volume 200 is published. The SPIE Technology Achievement Award is established to recognize outstanding accomplishments in optical, electro-optical, or photonics engineering technologies. SPIE holds 46 technical conferences. The Society establishes its first European office.1980 - Membership reaches 3,000. SPIE Headquarters reaches 30 full-time employees. The Society purchases land in Bellingham, Washington, for future construction of International Headquarters. The number of technical papers doubles in the SPIE Journal, Optical Engineering.1981 - To reflect its rapidly changing Membership and fast-paced technology, the Society name is officially defined as SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. The Society celebrates its 25th Anniversary in San Diego, California, with a record 21 technical conferences, 160 instrument displays, and 18 tutorials. SPIE reaches milestones of 4,000 Members and 5,000 exhibitors. Over 10,000 papers are published in SPIE Proceedings and Optical Engineering. Over 150,000 copies of SPIE Proceedings and Journals are distributed.1982 - SPIE is appointed International Secretariat for the 15th International Congress onHigh-Speed Photography and Photonics. SPIE holds five major symposia.1983 - The First International Technical Symposium (Geneva, Switzerland) has 1,300 attendees from 26 countries. Due to demand in various technical areas, new Technical Wor king Groups are formed. The Dennis Gabor Award is established to recognize outstanding inventive accomplishments in optical systems. International Headquarters is officially dedicated in Bellingham, Washington.1984 - OE Reports is launched to provide monthly news and commentary for the optical engineering community. Membership reaches 5,000. Optical Engineering circulation exceeds7,000. The total number of Proceedings Volumes distributed since their inception reaches 200,000. SPIE holds more than 70 conferences worldwide.1985 - Optics Education, the first survey of graduate and undergraduate programs in optics and optoelectronics, is published. SPIE and the ANRT-Association Nationale de la Recherchâ Technique, co-organize a three-year European conference series.1986 - Two new symposia are introduced, OE/LASE in Los Angeles and Technical Symposium Southeast in Orlando. The Society celebrates its 30th Anniversary in San Diego, California.1987 - The Society expands its presence in Europe with additional cha pters, events, and meetings. An agreement is reached with the European Physical Society and Europtica Services I. C. to cosponsor a series of International Congresses for the next four years.1988 - SPIE establishes the SPIE Optical Engineering Press to provide a framework for its special scholarly publications.1989 - OE Reports circulation exceeds 70,000. SPIE boasts 200 Sustaining Members. SPIE publishes its first Tutorial Text. The Harold E. Edgerton Award is given for the first time. Membership reaches 10,000.1990 - The Society establishes an SPIE Soviet Union Chapter, making it the first UnitedStates-based scientific and engineering society to open a chapter in the then-U.S.S.R. SPIE also establishes Chapters in Poland and Hungary. International Headquarters expansion is completed in September.1991 - Representatives of SPIE and the newly formed European Optical Society (EOS) sign the EUROPTO joint venture agreement, improving international collaboration in organizing optics events in Europe. The SPIE Annual Index of Proceedings Papers, the Society's first such publication, is introduced in May.1992 - SPIE develops its first fully operational Internet site with plans for a complete online services expansion. The quarterly Journal of Electronic Imaging debuts, co-published by SPIE and IS&T.1993 - After 24 years as Executive Director of SPIE, Joe Yaver announces his retirement. Jim Pearson is appointed new Executive Director. SPIE Press publishes The Infrared & Electro-Optical Systems Handbook. A Proceedings milestone is reached when the Society publishes its 2,000th Volume. SPIE cosponsors the first Symposium on Coupling Technology to National Need in Albuquerque, New Mexico.1994 - SPIE offers its first-ever CD-ROM Proceedings at the Electronic Imaging Symposium. makes its debut. The Photonics East symposium is inaugurated. SPIE opens a satellite office in Bergen, Norway. Continuing Education Units are offered for short courses at the AeroSense Symposium in Orlando, Florida.1995 - SPIE celebrates its 40th anniversary. Photonics West debuts in San Jose, California.C o-located with the Photonics West Event is the SPIE/IS&T Electronic Imaging Event. SPIE cosponsors Photomask in Kawasaki City, Japan, with SPIE Japan and BACUS. SPIE and COEMA cosponsor the International Sensors Application and Electronic Components Exhibition in Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.1996 - The Journal of Biomedical Optics is introduced and publishes four quarterly issues. The Photonics Resource Center on the World Wide Web () is launched. SPIE and OSA cooperate to lead the formation of the Coalition for Photonics and Optics.1997 - Photonics West is a huge success with over 10,000 attendees and 415 exhibitors. Membership reaches all-time high with over 13,500 Individual Members and 317 Corporate Members. The number of SPIE Regional Chapters reaches a high of 21 in over 17 different countries. SPIE Journals from 1996 are available for the first time on a single, searchable, readable, and printable CD-Rom. The SPIE Women in Optics Technical Community is formed.1998 - SPIE introduces the first CD-ROM short course at the 1998 Photonics West Event. SPIE Journals become available online. The Society starts the year with over 13,750 Members. Members nominate 21 new Fellows to the Society.1999 - After more than 5 years as Executive Director of SPIE, Jim Pearson resigns. Eugene G. Arthurs is appointed Executive Director. SPIE Membership continues to grow and reaches anall-time high with 14,338 individual members.2000 - SPIE launches Optical Networks Magazine covering the technologies, architectures, services, and applications in the field of optical telecommunications and networking systems. The SPIE Scholarship Committee awards over $220,000 in Scholarships and Grants. SPIE Member Zhores I. Alferov wins the Nobel Prize in Physics for his role in developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed optoelectronics.2001 - In January, oemagazine launches. This new Member publication focuses on optics, photonics, and Society happenings. The SPIE European Satellite office opens in Cardiff, United Kingdom, with Karin Burger as Manager.2002 - The SPIE Journal of Microlithography, Microfabrication, and Microsystems (JM3) debuts in March. MySPIE offers Authors, Chairs, Committee Members, and other constituents a web-based manuscript submission program to give these audiences better support.2003 - SPIE Digital Library is launched, offering 70,000 full-text papers from SPIE Journals and Conference Proceedings. SPIE and OSA secure a $1.7 million NSF grant that will actively involve students, parents, teachers, school districts, and their greater communities in the areas of science and engineering. The SPIE Scholarship Committee awards over $200,000 in scholarships and grants to more than 80 individuals and educational or research institutions worldwide.2004 - SPIE holds two new events to meet the demands of researchers and engineers: Optics East and Photonics Europe. The Society's largest-ever European astronomy event - Astronomical Telescopes - was held in Glasgow, Scotland, with over 2,000 a ttendees. SPIE Press introduces the Field Guide Series with four titles: Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics; Field Guide to Adaptive Optics; Field Guide to Atmospheric Optics; Field Guide to Geometrical Optics. The SPIE Digital Library includes more than 120,000 technical papers from SPIE Journals and Conference Proceedings, including full coverage from 1998 to the present. The Society provides more than $700,000 in scholarships, grants, and financial support to encourage scientific and technological education. SPIE Membership reaches an all-time high of 16,550 Members.2005 - SPIE celebrates its 50th anniversary in San Diego, California in conjunction with the SPIE Optics and Photonics Symposium. The SPIE Digital Library is extended back to 1990 and surpasses 200,000 online papers. SPIE Europe and the SPIE Polish Chapter teamed up on new International Congress on Optics & Optoelectronics in Warsaw, Poland.2006 - The SPIE Newsroom online magazine and SPIE Professional member magazine are launched. Two electronic journals, the Journal of Nanophotonics and the Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, are announced. Membership is over 17,000 and SPIE has 91 Student Chapters throughout the world. An all-time record number of 41,000 attended SPIE events. SPIE's APOC (Asia-Pacific Optical Communications) symposium was held for the first time outside of China in Korea, with co-sponsors OSK, KAPID and Gwangju City. And for the first time ever, SPIE sponsore d a meeting in India: The Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing Symposium was held in Goa.2007 - SPIE retires its DBA (The International Society for Optical Engineering) and determines that SPIE will be the name under which the Society continues to do business, con tinuing a long history of supporting an interdisciplinary approach to the science and application of light.2008 - The SPIE Digital Library passes the 250,000-article milestone. SPIE announces the move from San Jose to San Francisco for Photonics West 2010. SPIE discontinues regional chapters and welcomes the launch of new socie ties from Hong Kong and Poland. Nobel Laureate John C. Mather speaks at SPIE Astronomical Instrumentation in Marseille, France. The SPIE Newsroom wins a 2008 EXCEL Award from the Society of National Association Publications (SNAP). SPIE installs a new 15kW solar electric system on the roof of its Bellingham, WA, headquarters. SPIE joinswith Photonics Media to launch the first annual Prism Awards for Photonics Innovation. Taipei holds first-ever SPIE Lithography Asia conference. The first "Senior Members" are announced.2009 - SPIE Board Member (2006-2008) Kristina Johnson nominated to be U.S. Under Secretary of Energy. SPIE launches new e-journal, Journal of Photonics for Energy. SPIE appoints Ron Driggers editor of Optical Engineering and Lihong Wang editor of Journal of Biomedical Optics. Richard Hoover receives the Gold Medal of the Society. Photonics visionary Späth honored at SPIE Europe Optical Metrology congress. SPIE awards $292,000 in scholarships. SPIE celebrates the telescope's 400 year anniversary. SPIE joins in urging more U.S. visa process review and changes. SPIEWorks is named among top web employment sites by Weddle's 2009/10 Guide. SPIE launches online courses in optics and photonics. SPIE and Japan Society of Applied Physics sign collaboration agreement.。

最新SCI期刊影响因⼦排名出炉！这些期刊值得收藏！排名杂志名称影响因⼦1CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS187.0402NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE72.4063NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY57.0004CHEMICAL REVIEWS47.9285LANCET47.8316NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY46.6027JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION44.4058NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY41.6679NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS40.28210NATURE40.13711NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY39.93212NATURE MATERIALS39.73713Nature Nanotechnology38.98614CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS38.61815Nature Photonics37.85216SCIENCE37.20517NATURE REVIEWS CANCER37.14718REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS36.91719LANCET ONCOLOGY33.90020PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE31.14021Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics30.73322CELL30.41023NATURE MEDICINE29.88624Energy & Environmental Science29.51825Living Reviews in Relativity29.30026MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING R-REPORTS29.28027NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE28.88028Annual Review of Immunology28.39629NATURE GENETICS27.95930CANCER CELL27.40731PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS27.31232Annual Review of Pathology-Mechanisms of Disease26.85333NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY26.81934World Psychiatry26.56135LANCET NEUROLOGY26.28436Nature Chemistry25.87037PROGRESS IN POLYMER SCIENCE25.76638NATURE METHODS25.06239JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY24.00840Cell Stem Cell23.39441IMMUNITY22.84542Annual Review of Plant Biology22.80843Nature Physics22.80644ADVANCES IN PHYSICS21.81845Materials Today21.69546NATURE IMMUNOLOGY21.50647BMJ-British Medical Journal20.78548Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology20.69349ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH20.26850Nature Reviews Neurology20.25751EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL20.21252NATURE CELL BIOLOGY20.060 53Cancer Discovery20.011 54CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS19.958 55Annual Review of Psychology19.950 56Annual Review of Biochemistry19.939 57JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY19.896 58LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES19.864 59ADVANCED MATERIALS19.791 60Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology19.742 61CIRCULATION19.309 62Nature Climate Change19.304 63Lancet Respiratory Medicine19.287 64Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics18.588 65GASTROENTEROLOGY18.392 66Nature Reviews Endocrinology18.318 67Cell Metabolism18.164 68PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS17.893 69NATURE NEUROSCIENCE17.839 70Advances in Optics and Photonics17.833 71Lancet Global Health17.686 72Nano Today17.476 73PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS17.425 74PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE17.382 75ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE17.202 76IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials17.188 77PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN16.793 78Science Translational Medicine16.761 79Advanced Energy Materials16.721 80GUT16.658 81TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES16.630 82JAMA Oncology16.559 83JAMA Internal Medicine16.538 84PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY16.455 85EUROPEAN UROLOGY16.265 86ENDOCRINE REVIEWS15.745 87Annual Review of Neuroscience15.630 88CELL RESEARCH15.606 89TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES15.402 90TRENDS IN CELL BIOLOGY15.333 91JAMA Psychiatry15.307 92TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION15.268 93Nature Chemical Biology15.066 94Cell Host & Microbe14.946 95Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology14.917 96JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE PHARMACY14.789 97Annual Review of Physical Chemistry14.741 98MOLECULAR CELL14.714 99MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS14.533 100REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS14.311 101Nature Reviews Cardiology14.299 102BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES14.200 103AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY14.176 104Psychological Science in the Public Interest14.143 105Light-Science & Applications14.098 106NEURON14.024 107Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics14.020 108Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Computational Molecular Science14.016 109STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY14.000 110CIRCULATION RESEARCH13.965 111ACS Nano13.942 112Nature Geoscience13.941 113JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY13.858114Physics of Life Reviews13.840 115Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology13.678 116Applied Physics Reviews13.667 117Annual Review of Medicine13.609 118FUNGAL DIVERSITY13.465 119Annual Review of Materials Research13.432 120SURFACE SCIENCE REPORTS13.333 121COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS13.324 122TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY13.287 123HEPATOLOGY13.246 124PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY13.217125AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CAREMEDICINE13.204126MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY13.204 127BLOOD13.164 128JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY13.081 129Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology12.877 130Annual Review of Entomology12.867 131ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES12.811 132TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES12.797 133Physical Review X12.789 134JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION12.784 135NANO LETTERS12.712 136NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY12.595 137JNCI-Journal of the National Cancer Institute12.589 138JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY12.486 139Living Reviews in Solar Physics12.455 140Nano Energy12.343 141REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS12.340 142Annual Review of Marine Science12.333143JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS12.317144ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA12.213 145FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS12.198 146Nature Reviews Rheumatology12.188 147Nature Reviews Nephrology12.146 148Annual Review of Clinical Psychology12.136 149ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS12.124 150Nature Communications12.124 151INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE12.015 152ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION11.994 153JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE11.991 154GENOME RESEARCH11.922 155TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE11.911 156GENOME BIOLOGY11.908 157PLOS MEDICINE11.862 158DIABETES CARE11.857 159ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY11.855 160ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS11.764 161HUMAN REPRODUCTION UPDATE11.748 162LEUKEMIA11.702 163BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS11.615 164Lancet Psychiatry11.588 165PROGRESS IN RETINAL AND EYE RESEARCH11.587 166MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT11.483 167BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY11.412 168PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS11.229 169PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS11.127 170TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY11.126 171TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES11.124 172Academy of Management Annals11.115173Annual Review of Physiology11.115 174TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY11.020175NATURAL PRODUCT REPORTS11.014 176PROGRESS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS11.000 177Annual Review of Phytopathology10.981 178DRUG RESISTANCE UPDATES10.906 179TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM10.893 180TRENDS IN GENETICS10.844 181TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE10.732 182IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine10.710 183Materials Horizons10.706 184Annual Review of Biophysics10.676 185IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION10.629 186ACS Catalysis10.614 187BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES10.597 188PROGRESS IN LIPID RESEARCH10.583 189EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL10.569 190Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering10.514 191IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE10.435 192JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH10.391 193Nature Plants10.300 194BRAIN10.292 195JAMA Pediatrics10.251 196Annual Review of Public Health10.228 197JACC-Cardiovascular Imaging10.189 198Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics10.182 199NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH10.162 200Nature Protocols10.032 201JAMA Neurology10.029 202CURRENT OPINION IN CELL BIOLOGY9.937 203ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY9.890 204Lancet HIV9.842 205PLOS BIOLOGY9.797 206EMBO JOURNAL9.792 207LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT9.787 208Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences9.780 209ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES9.776 210Molecular Systems Biology9.750 211Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle9.697 212ISME Journal9.664213PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA9.661214IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE9.654 215CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH9.619 216IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS9.614 217SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY9.611 218AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY9.566 219Alzheimers & Dementia9.478 220CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS9.466 221BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-REVIEWS ON CANCER9.452 222ECOLOGY LETTERS9.449 223APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL9.446 224Journal of Statistical Software9.436 225FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY9.425 226Annual Review of Microbiology9.415 227GENES & DEVELOPMENT9.413 228ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT REVIEW9.408 229MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS9.373 230PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW9.361 231Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters9.353 232Bone Research9.326 233CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY9.294234EMBO Molecular Medicine9.249 235PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE9.237236DEVELOPMENTAL CELL9.174 237NPG Asia Materials9.157 238SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY9.141 239GREEN CHEMISTRY9.125 240CANCER RESEARCH9.122 241npj Quantum Information9.111 242Annual Review of Nutrition9.054 243Advanced Science9.034 244AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS9.025 245FISH AND FISHERIES9.013 246ANNALS OF SURGERY8.980 247IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS8.972 248JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY8.966 249PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS8.964 250PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS8.964 251AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS8.961 252SLEEP MEDICINE REVIEWS8.958 253ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES8.955 254SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY8.917 255CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW8.897 256Journal of Materials Chemistry A8.867 257CURRENT BIOLOGY8.851 258National Science Review8.843 259JACC-Cardiovascular Interventions8.841 260Molecular Plant8.827 261Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology8.769 262Theranostics8.766 263MEDICINAL RESEARCH REVIEWS8.763 264ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS8.759 265Annual Review of Genetics8.745 266PLANT CELL8.726 267DIABETES8.684 268Chemical Science8.668 269Soft Robotics8.649 270Small8.643 271PROGRESS IN SURFACE SCIENCE8.619 272INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS REVIEWS8.605 273Autophagy8.593 274CANCER TREATMENT REVIEWS8.589 275Particle and Fibre Toxicology8.577 276EMBO REPORTS8.568 277GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY8.502 278Microbiome8.496 279JACC-Heart Failure8.493 280PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS8.462 281TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY8.442 282Laser & Photonics Reviews8.434 283Cell Systems8.406 284BIOMATERIALS8.402 285KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL8.395 286CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY8.384 287CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION8.339288IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE8.329289NEUROLOGY8.320 290NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS8.299 291Cancer Immunology Research8.284 292Cell Reports8.282 293THORAX8.272 294GENETICS IN MEDICINE8.229295ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS REVIEW8.222 296EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES8.222297INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER VISION8.222 298CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES8.216 299OPHTHALMOLOGY8.204 300ALDRICHIMICA ACTA8.182 301PROGRESS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES8.177 302METABOLIC ENGINEERING8.142 303BMC Medicine8.097 304IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS8.085 305RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS8.050 306FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT8.039 307CLINICAL CHEMISTRY8.008 308JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE7.980 309JAMA Surgery7.956 310JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY7.955 311ACS Central Science7.939 312Applied Mechanics Reviews7.921 313CURRENT OPINION IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY7.889 314Obesity Reviews7.883 315Liver Cancer7.854 316JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE7.786 317NEURO-ONCOLOGY7.786 318BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS7.780 319INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY7.738 320Nature Reviews Urology7.735 321JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT7.733 322Optica7.727 323eLife7.725 324OncoImmunology7.719 325HAEMATOLOGICA7.702 326IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS7.671 327Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior7.644 328JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY7.641 329PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW7.638 330AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES7.623 331EXERCISE IMMUNOLOGY REVIEW7.600 332IEEE Internet of Things Journal7.596 333Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics7.579 334SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN7.575 335ONCOGENE7.519 336PERSOONIA7.511 337ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces7.504 338SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS7.497 339Mucosal Immunology7.478 340AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS7.452 341PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL7.443 342Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry7.435 343ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT JOURNAL7.417 344MATRIX BIOLOGY7.400 345Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology7.398 346NEUROSCIENTIST7.391 347IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics7.384 348Nanoscale7.367 349ALLERGY7.361 350Perspectives on Psychological Science7.359 351CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY7.357 352Nano Research7.354 353JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY7.349 354Stem Cell Reports7.338 355Molecular Ecology Resources7.332 356NEW PHYTOLOGIST7.330357Annual Review of Food Science and Technology7.310 358BIOINFORMATICS7.307 359RADIOLOGY7.296 360ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS7.286 361BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY7.281362EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING7.277363MIS QUARTERLY7.268 364CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS7.266 365Health Psychology Review7.241 366IEEE NETWORK7.230 367ChemSusChem7.226 368EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY7.226 369ADVANCES IN COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE7.223 370Eurosurveillance7.202 371APPLIED ENERGY7.182 372IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS7.168 373EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS7.160 374IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS7.151 375Lancet Haematology7.123 376JOURNAL OF HEART AND LUNG TRANSPLANTATION7.114 377ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL7.088 378MOVEMENT DISORDERS7.072 379Genome Medicine7.071 380Clinical Epidemiology7.056 381EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS7.051 382CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE7.050 383Conservation Letters7.020 384JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY7.002 385Oceanography and Marine Biology7.000 386EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE 6.968 387GONDWANA RESEARCH 6.959 388mBio 6.956 389JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 6.953 390Comprehensive Physiology 6.949 391WATER RESEARCH 6.942 392CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE 6.938 3932D Materials 6.937 394CURRENT OPINION IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 6.932 395AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION 6.926 396Arthritis & Rheumatology 6.918 397JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 6.894 398Advanced Optical Materials 6.875 399GigaScience 6.871 400HYPERTENSION 6.857 401JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 6.852 402JOURNAL OF SERVICE RESEARCH 6.847 403JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 6.844 404SPORTS MEDICINE 6.832 405Science Signaling 6.830 406CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES 6.825 407Circulation-Cardiovascular Imaging 6.803 408Advances in Catalysis 6.800 409Molecular Metabolism 6.799 410CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS 6.794 411ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA 6.790 412ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA 6.790 413CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL 6.784 414Molecular Neurodegeneration 6.780 415BMC BIOLOGY 6.779 416IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 6.764 417ACS Photonics 6.756418Geochemical Perspectives 6.750 419ACM COMPUTING SURVEYS 6.748 420CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 6.743 421PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS 6.726 422DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM 6.715 423AGING CELL 6.714 424Earth System Science Data 6.696 425MOLECULAR THERAPY 6.688 426MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS 6.686 427AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 6.681 428CRITICAL REVIEWS IN THERAPEUTIC DRUG CARRIER SYSTEMS 6.667 429QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 6.662 430JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE 6.646 431IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 6.645 432CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 6.639 433CURRENT OPINION IN MICROBIOLOGY 6.635 434BRAIN PATHOLOGY 6.624 435SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 6.614 436PLoS Pathogens 6.608 437ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY 6.607 438Circulation-Cardiovascular Interventions 6.598 439Journal of Thoracic Oncology 6.595 440ORGANIC LETTERS 6.579 441CEREBRAL CORTEX 6.559 442BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE 6.557 443CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 6.542 444MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS 6.540 445INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER 6.513 446GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY 6.501 447Polymer Reviews 6.459 448PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 6.456 449CRITICAL REVIEWS IN SOLID STATE AND MATERIALS SCIENCES 6.455450JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD ANDADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY6.442451JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENTPSYCHIATRY6.442452AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS 6.434 453AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS 6.434 454Frontiers in Immunology 6.429 455Nanotoxicology 6.428 456NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 6.403 457DRUG DELIVERY 6.402 458JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES 6.395 459Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids 6.392 460Nature Reviews Disease Primers 6.389 461ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING 6.387 462Advances in Immunology 6.383 463CANCER LETTERS 6.375 464Circulation-Heart Failure 6.372 465DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY 6.369 466NEUROPSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 6.352 467NEUROPSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 6.352 468Journal of Hematology & Oncology 6.350 469BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 6.347 470BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 6.347 471BREAST CANCER RESEARCH 6.345 472IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine 6.343 473BLOOD REVIEWS 6.342 474ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING 6.337 475CARBON 6.337 476Redox Biology 6.337 477International Journal of Neural Systems 6.333478TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY6.333 479GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS6.327 480ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY6.320 481Acta Biomaterialia6.319 482CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS6.319 483Journal of the International AIDS Society 6.296 484Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology6.294 485JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY 6.287 486JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH 6.284 487CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY 6.281 488JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES6.273 489Annual Review of Environment and Resources 6.268 490Annual Review of Environment and Resources 6.268 491Advances in Cancer Research6.267 492REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT 6.265 493Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 6.264 494JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 6.259 495EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGIST 6.257 496ACTA NUMERICA6.250 497BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA6.238 498JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY 6.226 499JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY 6.226 500CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 6.216 501SEMINARS IN ONCOLOGY 6.212 502Molecular Cancer6.204 503MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION 6.202 504GLIA6.200 505ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 6.198 506MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY6.190 507INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY 6.189 508BMJ Quality & Safety 6.186 509ACS Macro Letters6.185 510BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER 6.176 511PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT6.173 512AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION 6.165 513Alzheimers Research & Therapy 6.154 514CHEST6.147 515CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 6.143 516NEUROSIGNALS6.143 517CURRENT OPINION IN COLLOID & INTERFACE SCIENCE 6.136 518CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY 6.133 519Blood Cancer Journal6.126 520IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems 6.108 521ENDOSCOPY 6.107 522PLoS Genetics6.100 523MOLECULAR ECOLOGY 6.086 524DIABETOLOGIA 6.080 525Brain Stimulation6.078 526CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION 6.077 527SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 6.077 528PHYSIOLOGY 6.076 529CANCER6.072 530JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 6.065 531JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS 6.063 532HEART6.059 533Environmental Science-Nano6.047 534GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY 6.045 535LAB ON A CHIP6.045 536JOURNAL OF FINANCE6.043 537JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE6.035538STROKE 6.032 539EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER 6.029 540European Heart Journal-Cardiovascular Imaging 5.99 541JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE 5.988 542Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 5.988543EPIDEMIOLOGY 5.986 544EPIDEMIOLOGY 5.986 545COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND FOOD SAFETY 5.974 546PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 5.971 547Cell Death & Disease 5.965 548BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY 5.964549JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCESAND MEDICAL SCIENCES5.957550JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCESAND MEDICAL SCIENCES5.957551ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 5.951 552ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY 5.901 553PLANT JOURNAL 5.901 554BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY 5.899 555Cellular & Molecular Immunology 5.897 556JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF MARKETING SCIENCE 5.888 557CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 5.878 558JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS STUDIES 5.869559PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES5.846560DEVELOPMENT 5.843 561MACROMOLECULES 5.835 562NEUROIMAGE 5.835 563JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 5.83 564CURRENT OPINION IN GENETICS & DEVELOPMENT 5.825 565JAMA Dermatology 5.817566JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS5.815567JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 5.813 568Journal of Crohns & Colitis 5.813 569Journal of Clinical Lipidology 5.812 570IUCrJ 5.793571CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY5.79572ADDICTION 5.789 573ADDICTION 5.789 574Journal of Supply Chain Management 5.789 575CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES 5.788 576COMPUTER-AIDED CIVIL AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING 5.786 577ANESTHESIOLOGY 5.785 578METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL 5.777 579PROGRESS IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY 5.776 580Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 5.775 581JOURNAL OF BUSINESS VENTURING 5.774 582Catalysis Science & Technology 5.773 583MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS 5.764 584WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS 5.75 585TRANSFUSION MEDICINE REVIEWS 5.745 586MODERN PATHOLOGY 5.728 587JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES 5.727 588Acta Crystallographica A-Foundation and Advances 5.725 589Nanomedicine-Nanotechnology Biology and Medicine 5.72 590JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 5.715 591Social Issues and Policy Review 5.714 592Methods in Ecology and Evolution 5.708 593PEDIATRICS 5.705 594INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY 5.702595MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MEDICINE 5.686 596IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 5.68 597JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY 5.68 598AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE 5.673 599Evolutionary Applications 5.671 600BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY 5.67 601Information Fusion 5.667 602PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 5.667 603Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery 5.657 604BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 5.651 605Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 5.65 606ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS 5.646 607FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY 5.63 608THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS 5.627 609Epilepsy Currents 5.625 610JAMA Ophthalmology 5.625 611FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 5.606 612Artificial Cells Nanomedicine and Biotechnology 5.605 613Emerging Microbes & Infections 5.605 614JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 5.601615AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS INMEDICAL GENETICS5.6616STEM CELLS 5.599 617Kidney International Supplements 5.593 618Advances in Applied Microbiology 5.59 619ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT 5.589 620INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT REVIEWS 5.578 621Journal of Stroke 5.576 622Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 5.571 623Journal of Environmental Informatics 5.562 624AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 5.55625BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGYOF LIPIDS5.547626ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL 5.533 627DESALINATION 5.527 628Astrophysical Journal Letters 5.522 629THYROID 5.515 630MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 5.5 631SEMINARS IN LIVER DISEASE 5.5 632FASEB JOURNAL 5.498 633BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 5.491 634INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY 5.487 635BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE 5.476 636TOBACCO CONTROL 5.469 637Advances in Organometallic Chemistry 5.462 638JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM 5.455 639Gastric Cancer 5.454 640AUTOMATICA 5.451 641JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 5.451 642PAIN 5.445 643REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY 5.439 644Advances in Genetics 5.431 645Physics of the Dark Universe 5.425 646Circulation-Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology 5.41 647Annual Review of Sociology 5.404 648DNA RESEARCH 5.404 649SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL 5.401 650ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY 5.395 651ACS Synthetic Biology 5.382 652BIOSCIENCE 5.378 653Polymer Chemistry 5.375 654Protein & Cell 5.374655AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY 5.363 656CURRENT OPINION IN PHARMACOLOGY 5.363 657CRITICAL CARE 5.358 658SEMINARS IN RADIATION ONCOLOGY 5.356 659ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE 5.352 660NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY 5.347 661ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY 5.344 662CRITICAL REVIEWS IN CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES 5.34 663HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS 5.34 664ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 5.318 665JOURNAL OF MARKETING 5.318 666CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL 5.317 667Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology-In Practice 5.317 668Molecular Oncology 5.314 669Environmental Science & Technology Letters 5.308 670BASIC RESEARCH IN CARDIOLOGY 5.306 671ACTA MATERIALIA 5.301 672IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing 5.301 673INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS RESEARCH 5.301 674JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY 5.301 675EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C 5.297 676Seminars in Immunopathology 5.296 677EPILEPSIA 5.295 678CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION 5.292 679JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY 5.291 680JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY 5.291 681NUTRITION REVIEWS 5.291 682JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS 5.287 683NEURAL NETWORKS 5.287 684AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY 5.275 685ENDOCRINE-RELATED CANCER 5.267 686QUARTERLY REVIEWS OF BIOPHYSICS 5.267 687CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY 5.264 688INTEGRATED COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING 5.264 689CLINICAL REVIEWS IN ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY 5.263 690REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH 5.263 691Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5.256 692ACADEMIC MEDICINE 5.255 693CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 5.255 694ANGIOGENESIS 5.253 695CURRENT ISSUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 5.25 696BIOMACROMOLECULES 5.246 697CORROSION SCIENCE 5.245 698Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation 5.245 699Biofabrication 5.24 700Advances in Nutrition 5.233 701PROGRESS IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 5.231 702PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE 5.23 703PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE 5.23 704RESUSCITATION 5.23 705AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 5.226 706JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE 5.22 707CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS 5.216 708OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 5.215 709JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT 5.207 710JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT 5.207 711Biotechnology for Biofuels 5.203 712MRS BULLETIN 5.199 713IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS MAGAZINE 5.196 714INVESTIGATIVE RADIOLOGY 5.195 715EuroIntervention 5.193 716TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 5.191717JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA 5.19 718Epigenetics & Chromatin 5.189 719JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH 5.189 720CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY 5.182 721JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH 5.175 722Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research 5.17 723Neurotherapeutics 5.166 724JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY & NEUROSCIENCE 5.165 725JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 5.157 726BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS 5.134727INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS5.133728NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING 5.117 729Advanced Healthcare Materials 5.11 730Vehicular Communications 5.108 731CARCINOGENESIS 5.105 732CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 5.104 733Journal of Neuroinflammation 5.102 734ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 5.099 735Chinese Physics C 5.084 736JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM 5.081 737Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience 5.076 738JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY 5.071 739Current Opinion in Virology 5.067 740EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE 5.063 741ARCHIVES OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING 5.061 742Advances in Ecological Research 5.056 743AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 5.052744BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY5.051745ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER SYSTEMS 5.045746AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 5.044747JOURNAL OF INTERACTIVE MARKETING 5.026748HUMAN REPRODUCTION 5.02749NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE 5.02750AIDS 5.019751CRIMINOLOGY 5.019752Biochimica et Biophysica Acta-Gene Regulatory Mechanisms 5.018753JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 5.017754ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS 5.014755NEUROPHARMACOLOGY 5.012756NEOPLASIA 5.006757DRUGS5758JOURNAL OF MACHINE LEARNING RESEARCH5759Solid State Physics5参考信息：https:///JCRJournalHomeAction.action?SID=A2-fSfydPSmxxfgwTKXPcALpI4nFbEFgYbSU-18x2dODKR6Rt4ZiUILyGpmx2Fh9wgx3Dx3DSnexxU8PmO5X7uymGICGSEQx3Dx3D-YwBaX6hN5JZpnPCj2lZNMAx3Dx3D-jywguyb6iMRLFJm7wHskHQx3Dx3D&SrcApp=IC2LS&Init=Yes&wsid=7BCGF6l3YUiMKcwaiWH （来源：科学⽹博客责任编辑：程肖艳）侵删。

现代物理之父英语作文Title: The Founding Father of Modern Physics: Sir Isaac Newton。

Sir Isaac Newton, hailed as the father of modern physics, stands as a towering figure in the annals of scientific history. His revolutionary contributions to various branches of science, particularly physics, haveleft an indelible mark on our understanding of the universe. In this essay, we delve into Newton's life, his seminal works, and his enduring legacy in shaping the fabric of modern physics.Isaac Newton was born on January 4, 1643, in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England. From an early age, he exhibited exceptional intellectual prowess and aninsatiable curiosity about the workings of nature. Newton's journey into the realm of physics began during hisformative years at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he delved into the works of eminent scientists such as GalileoGalilei and Johannes Kepler. It was at Cambridge that Newton's genius began to blossom, laying the foundation for his groundbreaking discoveries in physics.One of Newton's most celebrated achievements is his formulation of the laws of motion and the universal law of gravitation. In his magnum opus, "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica" (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), published in 1687, Newton presented his three laws of motion, which laid the groundwork for classical mechanics. These laws elucidated the fundamental principles governing the motion of objects and provided a comprehensive framework for understanding the dynamics ofthe physical world.Central to Newton's laws of motion is the concept of inertia, encapsulated in his first law, which states thatan object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force. The second law establishes a quantitative relationship between force, mass, and acceleration, expressed mathematically as F = ma. Meanwhile, the third law posits that for every action, there is anequal and opposite reaction, elucidating the principle of conservation of momentum.However, perhaps Newton's most monumental contribution to physics is his theory of universal gravitation. Building upon the earlier insights of Kepler, Newton proposed that every particle in the universe attracts every otherparticle with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This profound insight provided a unified explanation for celestial phenomena such as planetary motion, the orbits of moons, and the ebb and flow of tides.Newton's laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation not only revolutionized physics but also laid the groundwork for advancements in astronomy, engineering, and countless other scientific disciplines. His synthesis of empirical observation, mathematical rigor, and deductive reasoning established a paradigm for scientific inquirythat endures to this day.Moreover, Newton made significant contributions to the field of optics, particularly with his experiments on light and color. He demonstrated that white light could be decomposed into its constituent colors using a prism and elucidated the phenomenon of dispersion. Newton's corpuscular theory of light posited that light consists of particles, an idea that would later be challenged by the wave theory of light proposed by Christian Huygens.In addition to his scientific endeavors, Newton was also deeply engaged in alchemy, theology, and mathematics. His work in mathematics, including the development of calculus alongside Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, has had a profound impact on the mathematical sciences and engineering.Sir Isaac Newton's legacy as the father of modern physics endures as a testament to the power of human intellect and the quest for understanding the mysteries of the universe. His profound insights into the laws governing the physical world laid the foundation for centuries of scientific inquiry and technological innovation. From themotion of celestial bodies to the behavior of subatomic particles, Newton's influence reverberates across the vast expanse of scientific knowledge, inspiring generations of physicists to unravel the secrets of nature.In conclusion, Sir Isaac Newton's seminal contributions to physics, including his laws of motion, universal law of gravitation, and insights into the nature of light, have cemented his status as one of the greatest scientific minds in history. His legacy serves as a guiding light for aspiring scientists and a testament to the power of human intellect to illuminate the mysteries of the cosmos.。

unit 4Was Einstein a Space Alien?1Albert Einstein was exhausted. For the third night in a row, his babyson Hans, crying, kept the household awake until dawn. When Albertfinally dozed off ... it was time to get up and go to work. He couldn't skip a day. He needed the job to support his young family.1.阿尔伯特 .爱因斯坦精疲力竭。

他幼小的儿子汉斯连续三个晚上哭闹不停，弄得全家人直到天亮都无法入睡。

阿尔伯特总算可以打个瞌睡时，已是他起床上班的时候了。

他不能一天不上班，他需要这份工作来养活组建不久的家庭。

2Walking briskly to the Patent Office, where he was a "Technical Expert,Third Class," Albert w orried about his mother. She was getting older andfrail, and she didn't approve of his marriage to Mileva. Relations were strained. Albert glanced at a passing shop window. His hair was a mess;he had forgotten to comb it again.2.阿尔伯特是专利局三等技术专家。

在快步去专利局上班的路上，他为母亲忧心忡忡。

母亲年纪越来越大，身体虚弱。

她不同意儿子与迈尔娃的婚事，婆媳关系紧张。

高三英语科学前沿展望单选题40题(答案解析)1.The new technology has brought many ______ to people's lives.A.changesB.choicesC.challengesD.characters答案：A。

本题考查名词辨析。

“changes”表示变化；“choices”表示选择；“challenges”表示挑战；“characters”表示性格、人物。

根据句意，新技术给人们的生活带来了很多变化，所以选A。

2.The scientist is working on a new ______ that could change the future.A.inventionB.invitationrmationD.instruction答案：A。

本题考查名词辨析。

“invention”表示发明；“invitation”表示邀请；“information”表示信息；“instruction”表示指示、说明。

科学家在研究一项新发明，这项发明可能会改变未来，所以选A。

3.The discovery of this new material is a major ______ in the field of science.A.achievementB.agreementC.advantageD.announcement答案：A。

本题考查名词辨析。

“achievement”表示成就；“agreement”表示同意；“advantage”表示优势；“announcement”表示公告。

新物质的发现是科学领域的一项重大成就，所以选A。

4.The company is investing heavily in research and development to stay ahead in the ______ of technology.A.areaB.armyC.articleD.aspect答案：A。

高三英语科学前沿动态引人关注单选题30题1.Scientists are studying a new kind of particle which is called a(n)_____.A.electronB.protonC.neutronD.quark答案：D。

本题主要考查科学前沿动态中的专业术语。

electron 是电子；proton 是质子；neutron 是中子；quark 是夸克。

题干中提到一种新的粒子，夸克在科学前沿动态中相对更可能是新研究的对象。

2.The latest research in astronomy focuses on a distant_____.A.starB.planetC.galaxyD.universe答案：C。

题干中提到天文学最新研究，通常会聚焦在遥远的星系上。

star 是恒星；planet 是行星；galaxy 是星系；universe 是宇宙。

宇宙范围太大，一般不是直接聚焦对象，恒星和行星相对较常见，而星系在科学前沿动态中更有研究价值。

3.In the field of quantum physics, scientists study the behavior of_____.A.atomsB.moleculesC.electronsD.quanta答案：D。

在量子物理学领域，研究的是量子的行为。

atoms 是原子；molecules 是分子；electrons 是电子；quanta 是量子。

前三个选项比较基础，量子是量子物理中的专业术语。

4.The breakthrough in biotechnology is related to a new kind of_____.A.enzymeB.geneC.cellD.virus答案：B。

生物技术的突破通常与新的基因有关。

enzyme 是酶；gene 是基因；cell 是细胞；virus 是病毒。

2023年高考英语新热点时文阅读-科学技术01（河北省示范性高中2022-2023学年高三9月调研考试英语试题）Housing ranks high among the numerous challenges that still need to be overcome before humans can colonize(征服) Mars. The brave pioneers that make the six-month voyage to the Red Planet will need a place to live in as soon as they land. While the best solution would be to have the structures ready before they get there, it has so far been a challenge given that most construction robots have never made it out of the laboratory. Now, there may be a bit of hope thanks to Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s newly revealed Digital Construction Platform (DCP).The DCP comprises a double arm system that is fitted on a tracked vehicle. As the larger arm moves, the smaller, precision motor robotic arm builds the structure by shooting out the necessary construction material, ranging from insulation foam(绝缘泡沫) to concrete. The team of researchers led by Ph. D．Steven Keating say that unlike other 3-D printers that are limited to building objects that fit within their overall enclosure, DCP’s free moving systems can be used to construct structures of any size.The team recently demonstrated the DCP’s building skills on an empty field in Mountain View, CA．The robot began by creating a mold with expanding foam that hardens when dry. It then constructed the building, layer by layer, using sensors to raise itself higher as it progressed. The final product was a sturdy “home” that had 50-foot diameter walls and a 12-foot high roof with room for essentials like electricity wires and water pipes to be inserted inside. Even more impressive? It took a mere 14 hours to “print”!The researchers’ next plan is to make the DCP smart enough to analyze the environment where the structure is going to be built and determine the material densities best suited for the area. However, that’s noteven the best part. Future DCP models are going to be solar-powered, autonomous, and, most importantly, capable of sourcing construction components from its surroundings. This means the robot can be sent to remote, disaster-stricken areas, and perhaps even to Mars, to build shelters using whatever material is available.1．What do we learn from the first paragraph?A．Housing pioneers on Mars is a reality.B．Colonizing Mars is out of the question.C．Building structures on Mars is in the testing phases.D．Finding a liveable place on Mars is a top priority.2．How does the DCP differ from other 3-D printers?A．It consumes less time.B．It comes in more different sizes.C．It is more environmentally friendly.D．It can build more diverse structures.3．What is the third paragraph mainly about?A．The successful case of the DCP.B．The working principle of the DCP.C．The instructions of using the DCP.D．The limitation of the DCP’s function.4．What might be the biggest highlight of future DCP ?A．Being powered by solar.B．Building shelters anywhere.C．Collecting building materials on site.D．Analyzing building material densities.02（2022·河南·洛宁县第一高级中学高三开学考试）Climate science has been rapidly advancing in recent years, but the foundations were laid hundreds of years ago.In the 1820s, French scientist Joseph Fourier theorized that Earth must have some way of keeping heat and that the atmosphere may play some role. In 1850, American scientist Eunice Newton Foote put thermometers(温度计)in glass bottles and experimented with placing them in sunlight. Inside the bottles, Foote compared dry air, wet air, N2, O2 and CO, and found that the bottle containing humid air warmed upmore and stayed hotter longer than the bottle containing dry air,and that it was followed by the bottle containing CO2. In 1859, Irish scientist John Tyndall began measuring how much heat different gases in the atmosphere absorb. And in 1896, Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius concluded that more CO2in the atmosphere would cause the planet to heat up: These findings planted some of the earliest seeds of climate science.The first critical breakthrough happened in 1967 when Syukuro Manabe and Richard Wetherald connected energy absorbed by the atmosphere to the air movement vertically over Earth.They built a model which first included all the main physical processes related to climate changes. The predictions and the explanations based on their model still hold true in the real world almost half a century later.The model was improved in the 1980s by Klaus Hasselmann who connected short-term weather patterns with long-term climate changes. Hasselmann found that even random weather data could yield insight into broader patterns.“ The greatest uncertainty in the model remains what human beings will do. Figuring it out is 1,000 times harder than understanding the physics behind climate changes,” Manabe said.“ There are many things we can do to prevent climate change. The whole question is whether people will realize that something which will happen in20 or 30 years is something you have to respond to now.”So, it’s up to us to solve the problem that these pioneers helped the world understand.5．What does the word “humid” underlined in paragraph 2 mean?A．Cool.B．Cold.C．Dry.D．Wet.6．What is Klaus Hasselmann’s contribution to climate science?A．He found that CO2 causes global warming.B．He invented a unique measuring instrument.C．He improved Manabe and Wetherald’s model.D．He built a reliable model on climate change.7．What is paragraph 5 mainly about?A．The biggest problem with the climate model.B．The necessity for human beings to take action now.C．The challenge of understanding climate change.D．Measures to be taken to prevent climate change.8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．Negative Effects of the Global WarmingB．Historic Breakthroughs in Climate ScienceC．Main Causes Leading to Climate ChangeD．Difficulties of Preventing Climate Change03（2022·河北邯郸·高三开学考试）To effectively interact with humans in crowded social settings, such as malls, hospitals, and other public spaces, robots should be able to actively participate in both group and one-to-one interactions. Most existing robots, however, have been found to perform much better when communicating with individual users than with groups of conversing humans. Hooman Hedayati and Daniel Szafir, two researchers at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, have recently developed a new data-driven technique that could improve how robots communicate with groups of humans.One of the reasons why many robots occasionally misbehave while participating in a group conversation is that their actions heavily rely on data collected by their sensors. Sensors, however, are prone (易于遭受) to errors, and can sometimes be disturbed by sudden movements and obstacles in the robot’s surroundings.“If the robot’s camera is masked by an obstacle for a second, the robot might not see that person, and as a result, it ignores the user,” Hedayati explained. “Based on my experience, users find these misbehaviors disturbing. The key goal of our recent project was to help robots detect and predict the position of an undetected person within the conversational group.”The technique developed by Hedayati and Szafir was trained on a series of existing datasets. By analyzing the positions of other speakers in a group, it can accurately predict the position of an undetected user.In the future, the new approach could help to enhance the conversational abilities of both existing and newly developed robots. This might in turn make them easier to serve in large public spaces, including malls, hospitals, and other public places. “The next step for us will be to improve the gaze behavior of robots in a conversational group. People find robots with a better gaze behavior more intelligent. We want to improve the gaze behavior of robots and make the human-robot conversational group more enjoyable for humans.” Hedayati said.9．What is the technique developed by Hedayati and Szafir based on?A．Data.B．Cameras.C．Existing robots.D．Social settings.10．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 2?A．The working procedure of robots.B．The ability of robots to communicate.C．The experience of the researchers.D．The shortcomings of existing robots.11．What will happen if a robot’s camera is blocked?A．It will stop working.B．It will break down.C．It will abuse its user.D．It will misbehave.12．What do we know about the new data-driven technique?A．It is considered a failure.B．It has been used in malls.C．It gets satisfactory result.D．It only works with new robots.04（2021·浙江湖州·高三阶段练习）Researchers say they have used brain waves of a paralyzed man who cannot speak to produce words from his thoughts onto a computer. A team led by Dr. Edward Chang at the University of California, San Francisco, carried out the experiment.“Most of us take for granted how easily we communicate through speech,” Chang told The Associated Press. “It’s exciting to think we’re at the very beginning of a new chapter, a new field to ease the difficulties of patients who lost that ability.” The researchers admit that such communication methods for paralysis victims will require years of additional research. But, they say the new study marks an important step forward.Today, paralysis victims who cannot speak or write have very limited ways of communicating. For example, a victim can use a pointer attached to a hat that lets him move his head to touch words or letters on a screen. Other devices can pick up a person’s eye movements. But such methods are slow and a very limited replacement for speech.Using brain signals to work around disabilities is currently a hot field of study. Chang’s team built their experiment on earlier work. The process uses brain waves that normally control the voice system. The researchers implanted electrodes on the surface of the man’s brain, over the area that controls speech. A computer observed the patterns when he attempted to say common words such as “water” or “good.” Overtime, the computer became able to differentiate between 50 words that could form more than 1,000 sentences. Repeatedly given questions such as “How are you today?” or “Are you thirsty,” the device enabled the man to answer “I am very good” or “No, I am not thirsty.” The words were not voiced, but were turned into text on the computer.In an opinion article published with the study, Harvard brain doctors Leigh Hochberg and Sydney Cash called the work a “pioneering study.” The two doctors said the technology might one day help people with injuries, strokes or diseases like Lou Gehrig’s. People with such diseases have brains that “prepare messages for delivery, but those messages are trapped,” they wrote.13．How is the new method different from the current ones?A．It involves a patient’s brain waves.B．It can pick up a patient’s eye movements.C．It is a very limited replacement for speech.D．It can help a patient regain his speech ability.14．What does the underlined word “differentiate” in paragraph 4 mean?A．Organize.B．Learn.C．Distinguish.D．Speak.15．What was Leigh Hochberg and Sydney Cash’s attitude towards the study?A．Positive.B．Negative.C．Doubtful.D．Critical.16．Which of the following is the best title for the text?A．Researchers Found Good Methods to Help Paralyzed PatientsB．Device Uses Brain Waves of Paralyzed Man to Help Him CommunicateC．Years of Additional Work Needed to Improve the Communication MethodsD．Device Uses Brain Waves of Paralyzed Man to Cure His Speaking Disability05（2022·安徽·高三开学考试）When people think of farming today, they usually picture a tractor (拖拉机) rather than horses in the farmland. That’s because tractors that relied on engines revolutionized farming in the late 1800s. Now a new type of tractor can do the same in the 21st century.Agriculture has been changing dramatically in the last few decades. The push for innovation is fed by the need to produce larger amounts of food for a growing world population. Autonomous tractors may be the key to solving this challenge. They can be used to carry out labor-intensive farming while allowing farmersto do other work. A big plus is that it can increase crop output while reducing costs because the autonomous machines can work in all weather conditions without any rest.Part of push for automation is a shortage of farm workers due to people’s desire to have higher paying jobs with better work conditions. Farm owners are competing against companies like Amazon and restaurants that are raising wages to attract workers. “With labor shortages and the increase in the hourly wages that have to be paid in order to be competitive, all of a sudden automation seems like a more reasonable decision,” said David Swartz, a professor at Penn State University.Many believe the time is ripe for an autonomous revolution because robotics is already in use in agriculture. One company that is working to bring autonomous tractors into main stream farming is Blue and White Robotics, an Israeli agricultural technology company, whose mission is to make a fully autonomous farm. The company released an autonomous tractor kit in February 2021 that can be fixed on any existing tractor. The kit includes camera detection, speed controls, as well as an anti-crash system. Blue and White’s kit is being used by West Coast growers in the US. It may soon come to a farm near you.17．What contributes to the agricultural revolution according to Paragraph 2?A．The urge to feed more people.B．The extreme weather conditions.C．The need to reduce farming cost.D．The desire for automatic farming.18．What is Swartz’s attitude to automation?A．Critical.B．Negative.C．Supportive.D．Indifferent.19．What can be inferred about Blue and White’s kit?A．It has been widely used.B．It can be made in many firms.C．It can improve safety of tractors.D．It will detect the way of farming.20．What may be a suitable title for the text?A．Automation Is Transforming Agriculture B．Big Companies Are Making A Difference C．Driverless Tractors Are Worth Investing D．Traditional Farming Is Falling out of Date参考答案：1．C2．D3．A4．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。

【必刷题】2024高一英语上册英语学术论文阅读专项专题训练（含答案）试题部分一、选择题：1. 在英语学术论文中，以下哪个部分通常用来概述研究背景和目的？A. IntroductionB. MethodologyC. ConclusionD. Literature Review2. 以下哪个词组常用于表示“结果表明”？A. As a resultB. It turns out thatC. The findings show thatD. In conclusion3. 在阅读英语学术论文时，以下哪个部分可以帮助我们了解研究方法？A. AbstractB. IntroductionC. MethodologyD. Discussion4. 以下哪个词组表示“在某种程度上”？A. To some extentB. In some wayC. On the other handD. As a matter of fact5. 在学术论文中，以下哪个标点符号用于引号内的句子结尾？A. CommaB. PeriodC. Question markD. Exclamation point6. 以下哪个词组表示“”？A. In additionB. HoweverC. ThereforeD. Moreover7. 在阅读学术论文时，以下哪个部分可以帮助我们了解研究的主要发现？A. IntroductionB. MethodologyC. ResultsD. Literature Review8. 以下哪个词组表示“尽管如此”？A. NeverthelessB. ThereforeC. MoreoverD. Otherwise9. 在学术论文中，以下哪个部分通常用于提出研究问题？A. IntroductionB. MethodologyC. DiscussionD. Conclusion10. 以下哪个词组表示“考虑到”？A. Taking into accountB. Given thatC. In order toD. On the condition that二、判断题：1. 学术论文的应简洁明了，直接反映研究主题。

大学英语六级阅读材料科学家证明爱是盲目的大学英语六级阅读材料：科学家证明爱是盲目的以下是带来的大学英语六级阅读材料：科学家证明爱是盲目的，欢送阅读。

Science Proves That Love Is Blind科学家证明爱是盲目的Scientists have shown that there is a degree of truth in the old adage that love is blind. They have found that feelings of love lead to a suppression of activity in the areas of the brain controlling critical thought.科学家已经证明，古老的谚语所说的，爱情是盲目的这一真理在一定程度上是正确的。

他们发现，爱情的感觉会抑制大脑控制批判性思维的区域的活泼性。

It seems that once we get close to a person, the brain decides the need to assess their character and personality is reduced.看上去，我们一旦接近了一个人，大脑对于对方的性格和品质的要求就会降低。

The study, by University College London, is published in NeuroImage.英国伦敦大学学院对此的研究报告在《神经成像》杂志上发表。

The researchers found that both romantic love and maternal love produce the same effect on the brain. Theysuppress neural activity associated with critical social assessment of other people and negative emotions.研究人员发现，无论是浪漫的爱情，还是母爱对大脑产生的`影响是相同的。

Instructions for the preparation of a manuscript for OSA express journalsA UTHOR O NE,1A UTHOR T WO,2,* AND A UTHOR T HREE2,31Peer Review, Publications Department, The Optical Society, 2010 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA2Publications Department, The Optical Society, 2010 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA3Currently with the Department of Electronic Journals, The Optical Society, 2010 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA*opex@https://Abstract:Updated 20 July 2016. Explicit and detailed rules are given for preparing a manuscript for OSA express journals. After a general introduction and a summary of the basic requirements, specific guidelines are given for all major manuscript elements (such as abstract, headings, figures, tables, and references) to achieve optimal typographic quality. The use of complete and properly formatted references is particularly important. Adherence to these guidelines will significantly expedite the production of your paper.© 2016 Optical Society of AmericaOCIS codes: (000.0000) General; (000.2700) General Science.References and links (see Section 4)1.P. J. Harshman, T. K. Gustafson, and P. Kelley, “Title of paper,” J. Chem. Phys. 3, (to be published).2.K. Gallo and G. Assanto, “All-optical diode based on second-harmonic generation in an asymmetricwaveguide,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 16(2), 267–269 (1999).3. B. R. Masters, “Three-dimensional microscopic tomographic imagin gs of the cataract in a human lens in vivo,”Opt. Express 3(9), 332–338 (1998).4. D. Yelin, D. Oron, S. Thiberge, E. Moses, and Y. Silberberg, “Multiphoton plasmon-resonance microscopy,”Opt. Express 11(12), 1385–1391 (2003).1. IntroductionAdherence to the specifications listed in this style guide is essential for efficient review and publication of submissions.OSA accepts Word and LaTeX submissions. OSA will not publish the same Word file that authors submit for their final revisions, so it is imperative that authors carefully check the final version of their paper before paying the publication fee. OSA uses a Word plug-in to normalize, format, tag, update citations, and parse the file into full-text XML.Except for numbering and titling of sections, which may not be desirable for short articles, the express journal style and layout rules have been followed in this guide. There is a checklist available in Section 8 that summarizes the style specifications.2. Page layout and lengthPaper size should be U.S. Letter, 21.505 cm x 27.83 cm (8.5 in. x 11 in.). The printing area should be set to 13.28 cm x 21.54 cm (5.25 in. x 8.5 in.); margins should be set for a 3.3-cm (1.3 in.) top and bottom and 4.11-cm (1.625 in.) left and right.To maintain a rapid publication cycle, the recommended page length for an express journal article is 6 pages. Higher publication fees apply to articles 7–15 pages in length. There is an additional per-page fee for manuscripts longer than 15 pages.3. Typographical styleThe title, author listing and all headers should be in Arial font. The rest of the text and body of the article should be Times New Roman. Please see the checklist in Section 8 that summarizes all of the style specifications.3.1 TitleLeft align the title. The title should be in 16-pt. bold Arial font. Kerning should be set to 16-pt. and spacing expanded by 0.5 in. Use initial cap for first word in title or for proper nouns. Use lowercase following colon. Title should not begin with an article or contain the words "first," "new" or "novel."3.2 Author nameLeft align author names in 12-pt. bold Arial font using small caps. Each express journal has its own color for the author names. Author names should appear as used for conventional publication, with first and middle names or initials followed by surname. Every effort should be made to keep author names consistent from one paper to the next as they appear within OSA publications.3.3 Author affiliationAll authors and affiliations should be styled in 9-pt. italic Times New Roman font. If all authors share one affiliation, superscript numbers are not needed. The corresponding author will have an asterisk correlating to an email address. All authors must be grouped together using superscripts to callout each affiliation. Hard returns (Enter key) must be used to separate each individual affiliation. Abbreviations should not be used. Please include the country at the end of the affiliation.A UTHOR O NE1 AND A UTHOR T WO2,*1Peer Review, Publications Department, Optical Society of America, Washington, DC 20036, USA2Publications Department, Optical Society of America, Washington, DC 20036, USA*opex@Option 1 for affiliation line with two email addresses (only one for the corresponding author):A UTHOR O NE1,3 AND A UTHOR T WO2,*1Peer Review, Publications Department, Optical Society of America, Washington, DC 20036, USA2Publications Department, Optical Society of America, Washington, DC 20036, USA3xyz@*opex@Option 2 for affiliation line with two email addresses (no asterisk used to denote corresponding authorship, implying that the two email addresses share corresponding authorship equally):A UTHOR O NE1,3 AND A UTHOR T WO2,41Peer Review, Publications Department, Optical Society of America, Washington, DC 20036, USA2Publications Department, Optical Society of America, Washington, DC 20036, USA3xyz@4opex@4.4 AbstractBegin the section with the word “Abstract:” in bold print followed by a colon. Font size should be 10-pt. and alignment double (left and right) justified.The abstract should be limited to approximately 100 words. It should be an explicit summary of the paper that states the problem, the methods used, and the major results and conclusions. It also should contain the relevant key words that would allow it to be found in a cursory computerized search. If the work of another author is cited in the abstract, that citation should be written out without a number, [e.g., journal, volume, first page, and year (Opt. Express 22, 1234 (2014).)], and a separate citation should be included in the body of the text. The first reference cited in the main text must be [1]. Do not include numbers, bullets, or lists inside the abstract.3.4 CopyrightThe line immediately following the abstract should be in 8-pt. type.© 2016 Optical Society of AmericaPlease be sure to update this line with the appropriate publication year if needed. Insert a 4-pt. space above and below the copyright line.3.5 OCIS subject classificationOptics Classification and Indexing Scheme (OCIS) subject classifications should be included at the end of the abstract. OCIS codes should be provided to help with indexing. List the OCIS code in parenthesis, followed by the term spelled out; separate OCIS terms with semicolons. Each paper must contain two to six OCIS codes. Use 8-pt. type for this line. Please avoid using OCIS codes (000.0000) General or (000.2700) General science, and instead customize these codes to best represent the topics of your manuscript.OCIS codes can be selected during upload. Follow the link for a complete listing.OCIS codes: (260.1440) Birefringence; (050.1950) Diffraction gratings3.6 Main textThe first line of the first paragraph of a section or subsection should start flush left. The first line of subsequent paragraphs within the section or subsection should be indented 0.62 cm (0.2 in.). All main text should be alignment double (left and right) justified.Section headings may be numbered consecutively and consistently throughout the paper in Arabic numbers and typed in bold. Use an initial capital letter followed by lowercase, except for proper names, abbreviations, etc. Always start headings flush left. Do not include references to the literature, illustrations, or tables in headings. Insert a 6-pt. space above and below each section heading as shown in this paper.Subsection headings may be numbered consecutively in Arabic numbers to the right of the decimal point, with the section number to the left of the decimal point as shown in this paper. Subsection headings should be in italics, with an initial capital letter followed by lowercase, except for proper names, abbreviations, etc. Start subsection headings flush left. Do not include references to the literature, illustrations, or tables in headings. Create a 6-pt. space above and below each subsection heading as shown in this paper.Numbering of section headings and subsection headings is optional but must be used consistently throughout papers in which it is applied.3.7 EquationsThe express journals do not accept equations built using the Word 2007 or 2010 Equation Builder. All display equations should be created in MathType (or the Microsoft Equation editor from Design Science). Inline equations can be created with these tools or by using keyboard and Unicode characters where needed for the best quality line spacing. We stronglyencourage authors to use MathType 6.7. Note that LaTeX users can type LaTeX code directly into MathType for rendering in Word.Equations should be centered, unless they are so long that less than 1 cm will be left between the end of the equation and the equation number, in which case they may run on to the next line. Equations should have a 6-pt. space above and below the text. Equation numbers should appear at the right-hand margin, in parenthesis. For long equations, the equation number may appear on the next line. For very long equations, the right side of the equation should be broken into approximately equal parts and aligned to the right of the equal sign. The equation number should appear only at the right hand margin of the last line of the equation:(1) All equations should be numbered in the order in which they appear and should be referenced from within the main text as Eq. (1).In-line math of simple fractions should use parentheses when necessary to avoid ambiguity; for example, to distinguish between 1/(n - 1) and 1/n - 1. Exceptions to this are the proper fractions such as ½, which are better left in this form. Summations and integrals that appear within text such as ()-1211-22n n n n =∞=∑ should have limits placed to the right of the symbol to reduce white space. Use MathType, Design Science Equation Editor, or Unicode character sets for in-text and display notation wherever possible.4. References and linksReferences should appear at the top of the article, below the abstract, in the order in which they are referenced in the body of the paper (see below). The font should be 8-pt. aligned left. Lines should be single-spaced. The words “References and links ” should head the section (no number) in bold print followed by one blank line, directly above the first reference. Insert a 6-pt. space above the “References and links ” line. All references should be ind ented 0.5 cm (0.2 in), with succeeding lines indented sufficiently to preserve alignment. The references section should be delimited by horizontal rules above and below the section, separated by at least 6-pts. of white space from the text.OSA express journals use numerical notation in brackets for bibliographic citations. At the point of citation within the main text, designate the reference by typing the number in after the last corresponding word [1]. Reference numbers should precede a comma or period[2]. Two references [3,4], should be included together, separated by a comma, while three or more consecutive references should be indicated by the bounding numbers and a dash [1–4].The express journals follow the following citation style:Journal paperFor journal articles, authors are listed first, followed by the article’s full title in quotes, the journal’s title abbreviation, the volume number in bold, the issue number in Roman and parenthesis, inclusive page numbers, and the year in parentheses. Journal titles are required. Do not include DOIs in published journal citations —these will be added post-publication. 1.C. van Trigt, “Visual system -response functions and estimating reflectance,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 14(4), 741–755 (1997). 2. S. Yerolatsitis, I. Gris-Sánches, and T. A. Birks, “Adiabatically -tapered fiber mode multiplexers,” Opt. Express22(1), 608–617 (2014).Journal paper identified by paper numberDo not provide the number of pages; the paper number is sufficient.3.L. Rippe, B. Julsgaard, A. Walther, Y. Ying, and S. Kröll, “Experimental quantum-state tomography of a solid-state qubit,” Phys. Rev. A 77, 022307 (2008).BookFor citation of a book as a whole or book chapter, authors or editors are listed first, followed by title in italics, and publisher and year in parenthesis. Chapter number may be added if applicable.4.T. Masters, Practical Neural Network Recipes in C++ (Academic, 1993).5. F. Ladouceur and J. D. Love, Silica-Based Buried Channel Waveguides and Devices (Chapman & Hall, 1995),Chap. 8.Article in a bookFor monographs in books, authors are listed first, followed by article’s full title in quotes, the word “in,” followed by the book title in italics, the editors of the book, and the publisher and publication year in parenthesis.6. D. F. Edwards, “Silicon (Si),” in Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids, E. D. Palik, ed. (Academic, 1985). Paper in published conference proceedings7.R. E. Kalman, “Algebraic aspects of the generalized inverse of a rectangular matrix,” in Proceedings ofAdvanced Seminar on Generalized Inverse and Applications, M. Z. Nashed, ed. (Academic, 1976), pp. 111–124. Paper published in OSA conference proceedings8.R. Craig and B. Gignac, “High-power 980-nm pump lasers,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Vol.2 of 1996 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optical Society of America, 1996), paper ThG1.Paper in unpublished conference proceedings9. D. Steup and J. Weinzierl, “Resonant THz-meshes,” presented at the Fourth International Workshop on THzElectronics, Erlangen-Tennenlohe, Germany, 5–6 Sept. 1996.SPIE proceedingsFor later SPIE proceedings with a paper number, cite just the paper number and not any page information.10.S. K. Griebel, M. Richardson, K. E. Devenport, and H. S. Hinton, “Expe rimental performance of an ATM-based buffered hyperplane CMOS-SEED smart pixel array,” Proc. SPIE 3005, 254–256 (1997).11.S. Gu, F. Shao, G. Jiang, F. Li, and M. Yu, “An objective visibility threshold measurement method forasymmetric stereoscopic images,” P roc. SPIE 8205, 820505 (2011).IEEE proceedings12.T. Darrel and K. Wohn, “Pyramid based depth from focus,” in Proceedings of IEEE Conference on ComputerVision and Pattern Recognition (IEEE, 1988), pp. 504–509.Paper accepted for publication13. D. Piao, “Cancelation of coherent artifacts in optical coherence tomography imaging,” Appl. Opt. (to bepublished).14. D. W. Diehl and T. D. Visser, “Phase singularities of the longitudinal field components in the focal region of ahigh-aperture optical system,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, doc. ID 56789 (posted 11 November 2005, in press). Manuscript in preparation15.J. Q. Smith, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, N.Y.14623, and K. Marshall are preparing a manuscript to be called “Optical effects in liquid crystals.”Personal communication16.T. Miller, Publications Department, Optical Society of America, 2010 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.,Washington, D.C., 20036 (personal communication, 2010).Electronic citationsInternet links may be included as references. Internet links should list the author, title (substitute file name, if needed), and the full URL (universal resource locator). Include the date of access, if relevant.17.Extreme Networks white paper, “Virtual metropolitan area networks,” (Extreme Networks, 2001),/technology/whitepapers/vMAN.asp.18. A. G. Ramm, “Invisible obstacles,” /abs/math-ph/0608034.5. Figures, supplementary materials, and tables5.1 FiguresFigures should be included directly in the document. All photographs must be in digital form and placed appropriately in the electronic document. All illustrations must be numbered consecutively (i.e., not by section) with Arabic numbers. The size of a figure should be commensurate with the amount and value of the information conveyed by the figure.Authors must use one image file per figure. Figures must be inserted as objects that are fixed and move with the text, not as floating objects. Figures should never be placed in a table environment, embedded inside the text, or included within a list. All the figures should be centered. No part of a figure should go beyond the typing area. Place figures as closely as possible to where they are mentioned in the text. Figures should be numbered consecutively in the order of appearance and citation in the text. Be sure to cite every figure.All figure captions should be centered beneath the figure. Longer figure captions should be centered beneath the figure and alignment double (left and right) justified, but are not to exceed the left and right edge of the figure by more than 0.5 in. The abbreviation “Fig.” for figure should appear first followed by the figure number and a period. Captions should be in 8- pt. font. At least one line of space should be left before the figure and after the caption.Fig. 1. Sample figure.5.2 Supplementary materials in OSA express journalsMost OSA journals allow authors to include supplementary materials as integral parts of a manuscript. Such materials are subject to the same editorial standards and peer review procedures along with the rest of the paper and should be uploaded and described using OSA’s Prism manuscript syst em.Authors can submit appropriate visualizations or small data files (see details below) for OSA to host. Large datasets and code or simulation files can be included but must be placed in an appropriate archival repository and cited as described here.Table 1. Supplementary Materials Supported in OSA Journals aa Optica allows authors to include a supplemental document that can contain additional text, equations, citations, etc. (see Supplementary Materials in Optica for details). For all other OSA journals, supplemental text must be included as appendices within the primary manuscript.Video visualizations (formerly media files) are the most commonly submitted type of supplementary materials for the express journals. They typically illustrate a synopsis of research results. They are integral and as such should be included only when they convey essential information beyond what can be presented within the article's PDF representation. Video visualizations should be uploaded upon submission and peer-reviewed along with the manuscript. Video files must use open compression standards for display on broadly available applications such as VLC or Windows Media Player. MOV, AVI, MPG, and MP4 video containers are accepted. The following video guidelines will help with the submission process:1.15 MB is the recommended maximum video file size.2.720 x 480 pixels (width by height) is the recommended screen size.3.If appropriate, insert a representative frame from the video in the manuscript asa figure.4.Minimize file size by using an acceptable codec such as x264 or XviD.HandBrake is an open source tool for converting video to common codecs.5.Videos must be playable on all platforms using VLC.6.Animations must be formatted into a standard video container.Visualizations must be associated with a figure, table, or equation OR be referenced in the results section of the manuscript. Use the label "Visualization" and the item number to identify the visualization.Fig. 5. Three traps create three rings of magnetic nanoparticles. The rings interact with oneanother (see Visualization 3). [From Masajada et al., Opt. Lett. 38, 3910 (2013).]Please refer to the Author Guidelines for Supplementary Materials for more detailed instructions and other acceptable supplementary material types.5.3 TablesTables should be centered and numbered consecutively. Authors must use Word’s Table editor to insert tables. Authors must not import tables from Excel. All content for each table should be in a single Word table (do not split content for a single table across multiple Word tables). Tables should use horizontal lines to delimit the top and bottom of the table and column headings. Detailed explanations or table footnotes should be typed directly beneaththe table, but not in a table cell. Table footnote labels should be text; numbers or special characters are not permitted. Position tables as closely as possible to where they are mentioned in the main text.Table 2. Optical Constants of Thin Films of Materials a83.4 nm 121.6 nmMaterial n K n kIr 1.182 0.865 1.450 1.040MgF2 1.584 0.487 1.682 0.0627Al 0.09874 0.1915 0.0424 1.137Mo 0.98 1.08 0.78 1.03C 1.16 1.29 1.85 1.10a From Appl. Opt. 40, 1128 (2001).6. Article thumbnail uploadAuthors have the option to upload a thumbnail image that will appear next to the published article on the Issue in Progress, Current Issue, and Abstract pages. Please note that if authors do not choose a file, OSA Production Staff will choose an image from the submission. For precise representation of an article, we recommend that authors choose and upload the thumbnail image.Authors must submit a .JPG file. The image will be resized automatically to 100 x 100 pixels. For best results, authors should upload an image this size or an image with square dimensions.Fig. 3. Preview of thumbnail image display on the author submission page.7. Funding and AcknowledgmentsFunding information should be listed in a separate block preceding any acknowledgments. The section title should read “Funding” in 10-pt. bold Arial font. List just the funding agencies and any associated grants or project numbers, as shown in the example below: National Science Foundation (NSF) (1253236, 0868895, 1222301); Program 973 (2014AA014402); Natural National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (123456).OSA participates in Crossref’s Funding Data, a service that provides a standard way to report funding sources for published scholarly research. To ensure consistency, please enter any funding agencies and contract numbers from the Funding section in Prism during submission. Update any changes to your funding information in Prism during any revision stages.Acknowledgments should be included at the end of the document. The section title should read “Acknowledgments” in 10-pt. bold Arial font. The section title should not follow the numbering scheme of the body of the paper. Please do not include any funding sources in the Acknowledgment section.8. SummaryConforming to the specifications listed above is of critical importance to the speedy publication of a manuscript. Authors should use the following style guide checklist before submitting an article.Table 3. Style guide checklist。