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2018江苏高考真题

2018江苏高考真题
2018江苏高考真题

绝密★启用前

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

英语(江苏卷)

第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)

做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例:How much is the shirt?

A. £ 19. 15.

B. £ 9. 18.

C. £ 9. 15.

答案是C。

1.What will James do tomorrow ?

A.Watch a TV program.

B.Give a talk.

C.Write a report.

2.What can we say about the woman?

A.She's generour.

B.She's curious.

C.She's helpful.

3.When does the train leave?

A.At 6:30.

B.At8:30.

C.At 10:30.

4.How does the woman go to work?

A.By car.

B.On foot.

C.By bike

5.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?

A.Classmates.

B.Teacher and student.

C.Doctor and patient.

第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。学科@网

听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。

6.What does the woman regret?

A.Giving up her research.

B.Dropping out of college.

C.Changiny her major.

7.What is the woman interested in studying now?

A.Ecology.

https://www.doczj.com/doc/4f18817430.html,cation.

C.Chemistry.

听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。

8.What is the man?

A.A hotel manager.

B.A tour guide.

C.A taxi driver.

9.What is the man doing for the woman?

A.looking for some local foods.

B.Showing her around the seaside.

C.Offering information about a hotel.

听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。

10.Where does the conversation probably take place?

A.In an office.

B.At home

C.At a restaurant.

11.What will the speakers do tomorrow evening?

A.Goto a concert.

B.Visit a friend

C.work extra hours.

12.Who is Alice going to call?

A.Mike .

B.Joan

C.Catherine .

听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。

13.Why does the woman meet the man?

A.To look at an apartment.

B.To deliver some furniture.

C.To have a meal together.

14.What does the woman like about the carpet?

A.Its color.

B.Its design.

C. Its quality .

15.What does the man say about the kitchen?

A.It's a good size.

B.It's newly painted.

C. It's adequately equipped .

16.What will the woman probably do next?

A.Go downtown.

B.Talk with her friend.

C.Make payment .

听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。

17.Who is the speaker probably talking to?

A.Movie fans .

B.News reporters.

C.College students .

18.When did the speaker take English classes?

A.Before he left his hometown.

B.After he came to America.

C.When he was 15 years old.

19.How does the speaker feel about his teacher?

A.He's proud.

B.He's sympathetic.

C.He's grateful .

20.What does the speaker mainly talk about ?

A.How education shaped his life.

B.How his language skills improved.

C.How he managed his business well.

第二部分:英语知识运用(共两节,满分35分)

第一节:单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)

请认真阅读下面各题,从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例:It is generally considered unwise to give a child _______ he or she wants.

A. however

B. whatever

C. whichever

D. whenever

答案是B。

21. By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.zx.x.k

A. where

B. when

C. why

D. how

22. Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might _______ the things they see.

A. indicate

B. investigate

C. imitate

D. innovate

23. Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.

A. that

B. where

C. which

D. when

24. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.

A. would

B. should

C. could

D. might

25. Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _______ a clear road map and

timetable.

A. calls for

B. calls on

C. calls off

D. calls up

26. Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _______ the expected number of 12,000 held by

market analysts.

A. having exceeded

B. to exceed

C. exceeded

D. exceeding

27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish _______ a second chance to become more involved.

A. had

B. will have

C. would have had

D. have had

28. —You know what? I’ve got a New Year concert ticket.

—Oh, _______ You’re kidding.

A. so what?

B. go ahead.

C. come on.

D. what for?

29. _______ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.

A. Once

B. Unless

C. If

D. When

30. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _______ in the past two years.

A. had been carried out

B. would be carried out

C.is being carried out

D. has been carried out

31. Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _______ more convenient electronic

communication tools by then.

A. have developed

B. had developed

C. will have developed

D. developed

32. Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made.

A. assignment

B. association

C. acquisition

D. assumption

33. China’s s oft power grows _______ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.

A. in line with

B. in reply to

C. in return for

D. in honour of

34. Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is _______ to invest in sufficient training for his staff.

A. keen

B. reluctant

C. anxious

D. ready

35. —What happened? Your boss seems to _______.

—Didn’t you know his secretary leaked the secret report to the press?

A. be over the moon

B. laugh his head off

C. be all ears

D. fly off the handle 第二节:完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分,满分20分)

请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment. Their savings had been

36 to pay lawyers’ fees. To make matters worse, Moth was diagnosed(诊断)with a 37 disease. There was no 38 , only pain relief.

Failing to find any other way out, they decided to make a 39 journey, as they caught sight of an old hikers’(徒步旅行者)guide.

This was a long journey of unaccustomed hardship and 40 recovery. When leaving home, Raynor and Moth had just £320 in the bank. They planned to keep the 41 low by living on boiled noodles, with the 42 hamburger shop treat.

Wild camping is 43 in England. To avoid being caught, the Winns had to get their tent up 44

and packed it away early in the morning. The Winns soon discovered that daily hiking in their 50s is a lot 45 than they remember it was in their 20s. Raynor 46 all over and desired a bath. Moth, meanwhile, after an initial 47 , found his symptoms were strangely 48 by their daily tiring journey.

49 , the couple found that their bodies turned for the better, with re-found strong muscles that they thought had 50 forever. "Our hair was fried and falling out, nails broken, clothes 51 to a thread, but we were alive."

During the journey, Raynor began a career as a nature writer. She writes, " 52 had taken every material thing from me and left me torn bare, an empty page at the end of a(n) 53 written book. It had also given me

a 54 , either to leave that page 55 or to keep writing the story with hope. I chose hope.”

36. A. drawn up B. used up C. backed up D. kept up

37. A. mild B. common C. preventable D. serious

38. A. cure B. luck C. care D. promise

39. A. business B. walking C. bus D. rail

40. A. expected B. frightening C. disappointing D. surprising

41. A. budget B. revenue C. compensation D. allowance

42. A. frequent B. occasional C. abundant D. constant

43. A. unpopular B. lawful C. attractive D. illegal

44. A. soon B. early C. late D. slowly

45. A. harder B. easier C. cheaper D. funnier

46. A. rolled B. bled C. ached D. trembled

47. A. struggle B. progress C. excitement D. research

48. A. developed B. controlled C. reduced D. increased

49. A. Initially B. Eventually C. Temporarily D. Consequently

50. A. gained B. kept C. wounded D. lost

51. A. sewn B. washed C. worn D. ironed

52. A. Doctors B. Hiking C. Lawyers D. Homelessness

53. A. well B. partly C. neatly D. originally

54. A. choice B. reward C. promise D. break

55. A. loose B. full C. blank D. missing

第三部分: 阅读理解(共15 小题;每小题2 分, 满分30 分)

请认真阅读下列短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并

在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

The Metropolitan Museum of Art

1000 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10028

211-535-7710 https://www.doczj.com/doc/4f18817430.html,

Entrances

Fifth Avenue at 82nd Street

Hours

Open 7 days a week.

Sunday-Thursday 10:00-17:30

Friday and Saturday 10:00-21:00

Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25,January 1,and

the first Monday in May.

Admission

$25.00 recommended for adults, $12.00 recommended for students, includes the Main

Building and The Cloisters(回廊)on the same day; free for children under 12 with an

adult.

Free with Admission

All special exhibitions, as well as films, lectures, guided tours, concerts, gallery talks, and

family/children's programs are free with admission.

Ask about today's activities at the Great Hall Information Desk.

The Cloisters Museum and Gardens

The Cloisters museum and gardens is a branch of The Metropolitan Museum of Art devoted to the art and architecture of Europe in the Middle Ages. The extensive

collection consists of masterworks in sculpture, colored glass, and precious objects from

Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th century.

Hours: Open 7 days a week.

March-October 10:00-17:15

November-February 10:00-16:45

Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25,and January 1.

56. How much may they pay if an 11-year-old girl and her working parents visit the museum?

A. $12.

B. $37.

C. $ 50.

D. $ 62

57. The attraction of the Cloisters museum and gardens lies in the fact that ________.

A.it opens all the year round

B. its collections date from the Middle Ages

C.it has a modern European-style garden

D.it sells excellent European glass collections

B

In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有)a special meat soup called consomme. Although the main attraction was the soup, Roze's chain shops also set a new standard for dining out, which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.

Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants. Take

visual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食)when their plates matched their food. When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.

Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn't tell how much they'd had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else, but were none the wiser—they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.

Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. Unlike fast-food places. fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend. One way to

encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特).When

classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more. Fast music hurried diners out.

Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草)stayed longer

and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.

Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—"bad" tables, crowding.

high prices — don't necessarily. Diners at bad tables — next to the kitchen door, say — spent nearly as much as others but soon fled. It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not "be overly concern ed about ‘bad' tables," given that they're profitable. As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant's reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices. And doubling a buffet's price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.

58. The underlined phrase "none the wiser" in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the

customers were .

A. not aware of eating more than usual

B. not willing to share food with others

C. not conscious of the food quality

D. not fond of the food provided

59. How could a fine dining shop make more profit?

A. playing classical music.

B. Introducing lemon scent.

C. Making the light brighter,

D. Using plates of larger size.

60. What does the last paragraph talk about?

A. Tips to attract more customers.

B. Problems restaurants are faced with.

C. Ways to improve restaurants' reputation.

D. Common misunderstandings about restaurants.

C

If you want to disturb the car industry, you'd better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop

carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. But in agriculture, small farmers can get

the best of the major players. By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to

changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems(生态系统), small farmers can keep one step

ahead of the big guys. As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC, 美国青年农会)and a family farmer myself. I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry.zx.xk

For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money group. It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour—a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California. Before the tool came out, small farmers couldn't touch the price per pound offered by California farms. But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business.

The sustainable success of small farmers, though, won't happen without fundamental changes

to the industry. One crucial factor is secure access to land. Competition from investors. developers, and established large farmers makes owning one's own land unattainable for many new farmers.

From 2004 to 2013, agricultural land values doubled, and they continue to rise in many regions.

Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenship —the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own. With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering(多于)farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two-thirds of the nation's farmland in need of a new farmer, we must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nation's food.

There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy,

but farmers can't clumsily put them together before us. We at the NYFC need broad support as we

urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we

seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farms from

all backgrounds. With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.

61. The author mentions car industry at the beginning of the passage to introduce .

A. the progress made in car industry

B. a special feature of agriculture

C. a trend of development in agriculture

D. the importance of investing in car industry

62. What does the author want to illustrate with the example in paragraph 2?

A. Loans to small local farmers are necessary.

B. Technology is vital for agricultural development.

C. Competition between small and big farms is fierce

D. Small farmers may gain some advantages over big ones.

63. What is the difficulty for those new famers?

A. To gain more financial aid.

B. To hire good farm managers.

C. To have fans of their own.

D. To win old farmers’ support.

64. What should farmers do for a more sustainable and fair farm economy?

A. Seek support beyond NYFC.

B. Expand farmland conservation.

C. Become members of NYFC.

D. Invest more to improve technology.

D

Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on social media for their sense of self-worth, a major study warned.

It found many youngsters(少年)now measure their status by how much public approval they

get online, often th rough “like”. Some change their behavior in real life to improve their image on the web.

The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Children's Commissioner (专

员)Anne Longfield. She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks,

with some youngsters starting secondary school ill-equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure

they faced online.

Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13.The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo-opportunities and then messaging friends—and friends of friends —to demand “likes” for their online posts.

The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond

to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.

Children aged 8 to 10 were "starting to feel happy" when others liked their posts. However,

those in the 10 to 12 age group were "concerned with how many people like their posts", suggesting a “need” for social recognition that gets stronger the older they become.

Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up "worried about their

appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms, and

increasingly anxious about switching off due to the constant demands of social media.

She said: "Children are using social media with family and friends and to play games when

they are in primary school. But what starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in

real social media interaction at secondary school."

As their world expanded. she said, children compared themselves to others online in a way that was "hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves".

Miss Longfield added: "Then there is this push to connect—if you go offline, will you miss

something, will you miss out, will you show that you don't care about those people you are

following, all of those come together in a huge way at once."

"For children it is very, very difficult to cope with emotionally." The Children's Commissioner for England's study—life in Likes—found that children as young as 8 were using social media platforms largely for play.

However, the research—involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12—suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.

By the time they started secondary school—at age 11—children were already far more aware of their image online and felt under huge pressure to ensure their posts were popular, the report found.

However, they still did not know how to cope with mean-spirited jokes, or the sense of

incompetence they might feel if they compared themselves to celebrities(名人)or more brilliant

friends online. The report said they also faced pressure to respond to messages at all hours of the day—especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.

The Children’s Commissioner said schools and parents must now do more to prepare children

for the emotional minefield(雷区)they faced online. And she said social media companies must

also "take more responsibility". They should either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early, or they should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.

Javed Khan, of children's charity Bamardo's, said: "It's vital that new compulsory age-

appropriate relationship and sex education lessons in England should help equip children to deal

with the growing demands of social media.

“It’s also hugely important for parents to know which apps t heir children are using.”

65.Why did some secondary school students feel too much pressure?

A. They were not provided with adequate equipment.

B. They were not well prepared for emotional risks.

C. They were required to give quick responses.

D. They were prevented from using mobile phones.

66. Some social app companies were to blame because .

A. they didn't adequately check their users' registration

B. they organized photo trips to attract more youngsters

C. they encouraged youngsters to post more photos

D. they didn't stop youngsters from staying up late

67. Children's comparing themselves to others online may lead to .

A. less friendliness to each other

B. lower self-identity and confidence

C. an increase in online cheating

D. a stronger desire to stay online

68. According to Life in Likes, as children grew, they became more anxious to .

A. circulate their posts quickly

B. know the qualities of their posts

C. use mobile phones for play

D. get more public approval

69. What should parents do to solve the problem?

A. Communicate more with secondary schools.

B. Urge media companies to create safer apps.

C. Keep track of children's use of social media.

D. Forbid their children from visiting the web.

70. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. The influence of social media on children.

B. The importance of social media to children.

C. The problem in building a healthy relationship.

D. The measure to reduce risks from social media.

第四部分:任务型阅读(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)

请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。

How Arts Promote Our Economy

When most people think of the arts, they imagine the end product, the beautiful painting, a wonderful piece of music, or an award-winning performance in the theater. But arts groups bring broader value to our communities. The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged.

The arts create jobs that help develop the economy. Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists, technical experts, managers, musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art. These people earn a living wage for their professional knowledge and skills.

Another group of folks is needed to help market the event. “If you build it they will come” is a misleading belief. Painters, digital media experts, photographers, booking agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and promote the event. According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coalition, arts agencies employ more than 10,000 people as full-or part-time employees or independent contractors.

A successful arts neighborhoods creates a ripple effect(连锁反应)throughout a community. In 2005, when the Bishop Arts Theatre was donated to our town, the location was considered a poor area of town. After investing more than $1 million in reconstructing the building, we began producing a full season of theater performances, jazz concerts, and year-round arts education programs in 2008. Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the Dallas city limits and drive or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.

No doubt the theater has contri buted to the area’s development and economic growth. Today, there are galleries, studios, restaurants and newly built work spaces where neighbors share experiences, where there is renewed life and energy. In this way, arts and culture also serve as a public good.

Teco Theatrical Productions Inc. made use of Bloomberg’s investment of $35,000 to get nearly $400,000 in public and private sector support during the two-year period. Further, Dallas arts and arts-based businesses produce $298 for every dollar the city spends on arts programming and facilities. In Philadelphia, a metro area smaller than Dallas, the arts have an economic impact of almost $3 million and support 44,000 jobs, 80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants, marketers, construction workers, hotel managers, printers, and other kinds of art workers.

The arts are efficient economic drivers and when they are supported, the entire small-business community benefits.

It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot make a profit. But in order to stay in business, arts groups must produce returns. If you are a student studying the arts, chances are you have been ill-advised to have a plan B. But those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create a wide range of career possibilities.

第五部分: 书面表达(满分25 分)

81. 请阅读下面文字,并按照要求用英语写一篇150 词左右的文章。

【写作内容】

1. 用约30个词概括上述利用排名(ratings)进行消费的现象;

2. 谈谈你如何看待消费排名,然后用2-3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。【写作要求】

1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句;学科¥网

2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;

3. 不必写标题。

【评分标准】

内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。

2018年天津高考语文试题和答案解析

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D.幽邃曲折荒疏 3.下列各句中没有语病的一句是 A.尤瓦尔?赫拉利写作了《人类简史》一经上市就登上了以色列畅销书排行榜第一名,蝉联榜首长达100周,30多个国家争相购买版权。 B.英国著名物理学家霍金通过自己杰出的大脑,倾尽毕生精力,以整个宇宙为研究对象,试图解开关于时空和存在的本质。 C.文化创意产业属于知识密集型新兴产业,具有高知识、高融合性、高带动性等优势,是创建宜居“智慧新城”的有力推手。 D.无论是在天津,还是在比赛现场,都有支持热爱天津女排的一批球迷与这支队伍同呼吸共命运。 4.下面所列名著与信息,对应正确的一项是 二、(9分) 阅读下面的文字,完成5~7题。 在信息化时代,体能与机械能不再成为生产的主要动力,智能成为发展的决定性因素和权威性标准,而互联网的普及、人工智能的广泛运用则进一步将这种决定性与权威性推向顶峰。 信息是什么?通常的意思是音讯消息及其内容和意义。从本质上讲,信息是事物存在方式和运动状态的属性,是客观存在的事物现象,但是它必须通过主体的主观认知才能被反映和揭示。 从历史唯物主义的立场来看,信息与人的关系实质上就是人的意识与客观世界之间的沟通。客观世界所包含的各种信息通过与人的感官的相互作用进入人的意识,并在人的大脑中进行加工和处理,被翻译成人与人之间可以交流的语言再现出来。人类语言成为这种

2018江苏高考数学试卷与解析

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(江苏卷) 数学Ⅰ 1.已知集合{0,1,2,8}A =,{1,1,6,8}B =-,那么A B =I ▲ . 2.若复数z 满足i 12i z ?=+,其中i 是虚数单位,则z 的实部为 ▲ . 3.已知5位裁判给某运动员打出的分数的茎叶图如图所示,那么这5位裁判打出的分数的平均数为 ▲ . 4.一个算法的伪代码如图所示,执行此算法,最后输出的S 的值为 ▲ . 5.函数2 ()log 1f x x =-的定义域为 ▲ . 6.某兴趣小组有2名男生和3名女生,现从中任选2名学生去参加活动,则恰好选中2名女生的概率为 ▲ . 7.已知函数sin(2)()22y x ??ππ=+-<<的图象关于直线3x π=对称,则?的值是 ▲ . 8.在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,若双曲线22221(0,0)x y a b a b -=>>的右焦点(c,0)F 到一条渐近线的距离为3,则其离心率的值是 ▲ . 9.函数()f x 满足(4)()()f x f x x +=∈R ,且在区间(2,2]-上,

cos ,02,2()1 ||,20,2x x f x x x π?成立的n 的最小值为 ▲ . 15.在平行六面体1111ABCD A B C D -中,1111,AA AB AB B C =⊥. 求证:(1)11AB A B C 平面∥; (2)111ABB A A BC ⊥平面平面. 16.已知,αβ为锐角,4tan 3α=,5cos()5αβ+=-. (1)求cos2α的值;

2018年高考语文真题分类汇编论述类文本阅读(最新整理)

2018 年高考语文真题分类汇编论述类文本阅读 一、现代文阅读(共6 题;共54 分) 1.(2018?卷Ⅰ)阅读下文,回答问题 诸子之学,兴起于先秦,当时一大批富有创见的思想家喷涌而出,蔚为思想史之奇观。在狭义上,诸子之学与先秦时代相联系;在广义上,诸子之学则不限于先秦而绵延于此后中国思想发展的整个过程,这一过程至今仍没有终结。 诸子之学的内在品格是历史的承继性以及思想的创造性和突破性。“新子学”,即新时代的诸子之学,也 应有同样的品格。这可以从“照着讲”和“接着讲”两个方面来理解。一般而言,“照着讲”,主要是从历史角 度对以往经典作具体的实证性研究,诸如训诂、校勘、文献编纂,等等。这方面的研究涉及对以往思想的回顾、反思,既应把握历史上的思想家实际说了些什么,也应总结其中具有创造性和生命力的内容,从而为今 天的思考提供重要的思想资源。 与“照着讲”相关的是“接着讲”。从思想的发展与诸子之学的关联看,“接着讲”接近于诸子之学所具有 的思想突破性的内在品格,它意味着延续诸子注重思想创造的传统。以近代以来中西思想的互动为背景,“接着讲”无法回避中西思想之间的关系。在中西之学已相遇的的背景下,“接着讲”同时展开为中西之学的 交融,从更深的层次看,这种交融具体展开为世界文化的建构与发展过程。中国思想传统与西方的思想传统都构成了世界文化的重要资源,而世界文化的发展,则以二者的互动为其重要前提。这一意义上的“新子学”,同时表现为世界文化发展过程中创造性的思想系统。相对于传统的诸子之学,“新子学”无疑获得了新的内涵 与新的形态。 “照着讲”与“接着讲”二者无法分离,从逻辑上说,任何新思想的形成,都不能从“无”开始,它总是基 于既有的思想演进过程,并需要对既有思想范围进行反思批判。“照着讲”的意义,在于梳理以往的思想发 展过程,打开前人思想的丰富内容,由此为后继思想提供理论之源,在此意义上,“照着讲”是“接着讲”的 出发点。然而,仅仅停留在“照着讲”,思想便容易止于过去,难以继续前行,可能无助于思想的创新。就 此而言,在“照着讲”之后,需要继之以“接着讲”。“接着讲”的基本精神,是突破以往思想或推进以往思想,而新的思想系统的形成,则是其逻辑结果。进而言之,从现实的过程看,“照着讲”与“接着讲”总是相互渗入:“照着讲”包含对以往思想的逻辑重构与理论阐释,这种重构与阐释已内含“接着讲”;“接着讲”基于已有的 思想发展,也相应地内含“照着讲”。“新子学”应追求“照着讲”与“接着讲”的统一。 (摘编自杨国荣《历史视域中的诸子学》) (1)下列关于原文内容的理解和分析,不正确的一项是() A.广义上的诸子之学始于先秦,贯穿于此后中国思想史,也是当代思想的组成部分。 B.“照着讲”主要指对经典的整理和实证性研究,并发掘历史上思想家的思想内涵。 C.“接着讲”主要指连续诸子注重思想创造的传统,在新条件下形成创造性的思想。 D.不同于以往诸子之学,“新子学”受西方思想影响,脱离了既有思想演讲的过程。 (2)下列对原文论证的相关分析,不正确的一项是() A.文章采用了对比的论证手法,以突出“新子学”与历史上诸子之学的差异。 B.文章指出理解“新子学”的品格可从两方面入手,并就二者的关系进行论证。 C.文章以中西思想交融互动为前提,论证“新子学”“接着讲”的必要和可能。 D.文章论证“照着讲”“接着讲”无法分离,是按从逻辑到现实的顺序推进的。

2018年江苏高考语文试卷及答案

2018年江苏高考语文试卷Ⅰ及答案word 语文Ⅰ试题 一、语言文字运用(15分) 1、在下面一段话的空缺处依次填入词语,最恰当的一组是(3分) 中国古代的儒家经典,莫不是古圣人深思熟虑、的结晶。如果把经典仅仅当作一场的说教,那你永远进不了圣学大门。必得躬亲实践,才能切实圣人的心得,如此我们的修为才能日有所进。 A.特立独行耳提面命顿悟 B.特立独行耳濡目染领悟 C.身体力行耳提面命领悟 D.身体力行耳濡目染顿悟 2.在下面一段文字横线处填入语句,衔接最恰当的一项是(3分) “理性经济人”,把利己看作人的天性,只追求个人利益的最大化,这是西方经济学的基本假设之一。,。,,,, 更倾向于暂时获得产品或服务,或与他人分享产品或服务。使用但不占有,是分享经济最简洁的表述。 ①反而更多地采取一种合作分享的思维方式 ②不再注重购买、拥有产品或服务 ③但在分享经济这一催化剂的作用下 ④人们不再把所有权看作获得产品的最佳方式 ⑤在新兴的互联网平台上 ⑥这个利己主义的假设发生了变化 A.③⑥⑤①④② B.③⑥⑤④②① C.⑤⑥③①④② D.⑤⑥③④②① 3.下列诗句与所描绘的古代体育活动,对应全部正确的一项是(3分) ①乐手无踪洞箫吹,精灵盘丝任翻飞。②雾縠云绡妙剪裁,好风相送上瑶台。 ③浪设机关何所益,仅存边角未为雄。④来疑神女从云下,去似姮娥到月边。 A.①下围棋②荡秋千③抖空竹④放风筝 B.①抖空竹②荡秋千③下围棋④放风筝

C.①下围棋②放风筝③抖空竹④荡秋千 D.①抖空竹②放风筝③下围棋④荡秋千 4.对下面一段文字主要意思的提炼,最准确的一项是(3分) 偏见可以说是思想的放假。它是没有思想的人的家常日用,是有思想的人的星期天娱乐。假如我们不能怀挟偏见,随时随地必须得客观公正、正经严肃,那就像造屋只有客厅,没有卧室,又好比在浴室里照镜子还得做出摄影机前的姿态。 A.没有思想的人往往更容易产生偏见。 B.即使有思想的人也常常会怀挟偏见。 C.人无法做到随时随地保持客观公正。 D.对思想而言偏见自有其存在的价值。 5.下列选项中,对右图漫画寓意的理解最贴切的一项是(3分) A.过程特别艰难,可能预示着这一次收获很大。 B.在我们不注意的地方往往隐藏着巨大的困难。 C.对努力挣得的东西,人们会牢牢地抱住不放。 D.懂得知足常乐,会使生活中的困难更少一些。 二、文言文阅读(18分) 阅读下面的文言文,完成6 ~9题。 重到沭阳图记 袁枚 古之人往往于旧治之所三致意焉。盖贤者视民如家,居官而不能忘其地者,其地之人,亦不能忘之也。余宰沭阳二年,乙丑,量移白下。今戊申矣,感吕峄亭观察三札见招,十月五日渡黄河,宿钱君接三家。钱故当时东道主,其父鸣和癯而髯,接三貌似之,与谈乃父事,转不甚晓。余离沭时,渠裁断乳故也。 夜阑置酒,闻车声啍啍,则峄亭遣使来迎。迟明行六十里,峄亭延候于十字桥, 彼此喜跃,骈辚同驱。食倾,望见百雉遮迣,知沭城新筑。衣冠数十辈争来扶车。大概昔时骑竹马者,俱龙钟杖藜矣。 越翌日,入县署游观,到先人秩膳处,姊妹斗草处,昔会宾客治文卷处,缓步婆娑,凄然雪涕,虽一庖湢,一井匽,对之情生,亦不自解其何故。有张、沈两吏来,年俱八旬。说当时决某狱,入帘荐某卷,余全不省记。憬然重提,如理儿时旧书,如失物重得。邑中朱广文工诗,吴中翰精赏鉴,解、陈二生善画与棋,主人喜论史鉴,每漏尽,口犹澜翻。余或饮、或吟、或弈、或写小影,或评书画,或上下古今,或招人来,或呼车往,无须臾闲。遂忘作客,兼忘其身之老且衰也。 居半月,冰霰渐飞,岁将终矣,不得已苦辞主人。主人仍送至前所迎处,代为治筐箧,束缰靷毕,握手问曰:“何时再见先生”余不能答,非不答也,不忍答也。

2018年高考理科数学江苏卷(含答案与解析)

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2016——2018年全国卷必修三高考真题汇编

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