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I. Warm-up1.Tick (√) the words and phrases that are associated with this unit.□e-commerce □business-to-business (B2B) □email marketing□cyber dealing □the average sales price (ASP) □online marketplace□ebay business □insertion fee □final value fee□ □business-to-consumer (B2C ) □EDIII. Text ReadingPart APaperless Trade—Electronic CommerceWith the age of paperless trade coming, electronic commerce, or e-commerce, now attaches much i mportance to people’s daily lives. Many firms begin to focus their attention on electronic commerce. Then, what is electronic commerce?Electronic commerce is an emerging model of selling and merchandising tools in which buyers are able to participate in all phases of a purchase decision. They step through their business processes electronically rather than in a physical store or by phone. The processes in electronic commerce include enabling a customer to access product information, select items they need and complete financing settlement.E-commerce is the main reason a large number of websites exist on the web. It has opened a whole new world for retailers, wholesalers and other types of marketers. Those vendors range from the big guys (i.e., K-Mart, Wal-Mart) to the smaller, lesser-known ones (i.e., individuals). In some cases, it has even made a few people very wealthy. But, for the most part, it has become another method of creating income, whether it is to make a living or just a little pocket change.Since it is different from the type of commerce most of us are used to, it takes a new way of thinking to be successful. In the near future, e-commerce will not slow down. On the contrary, it will rapidly grow around the world, making for a true global economy.New Words&Expressions:emerging adj. 出现的；显现的merchandising n. 商品促销categorize v. 分类；归类available adj. 可得到的；可使用的contract n. 合同verify v. 证实；核实vendor n. 卖主attach much importance on 认为······很重要；起······重要作用be categorized into 分类为；归类于have an effect on 起······起作用slow down 减缓Exercises:1. Answer the following questions briefly according to the text.①Why do many firms focus their attention on electronic commerce?②What is the definition of e-commerce?③How many procedures can e-commerce be categorized into? What are they?④Why can we say that e-commerce is the main reason a number of websites exist onthe web?⑤Will e-commerce slow down in the near future?2. Fill in the table below by giving the corresponding Chinese or Englishequivalents.electronic commerce资金安全cyber dealing产品信息mode of payment及时送货ways of delivery购买决策surf on the Internet资金结算Part A无纸贸易---电子商务随着无纸贸易时代的到来，电子商务在人们的生活中起着很重要的作用。
Step for creating a new company or adding an online project创建一个新的公司或增加一个在线项目的步骤Success in online marketplace is never an assured outcome. As in the brick-and-mortar marketplace, the failure rate for online companies is high. Why do a few online companies succeed while many others fail? What does the entrepreneur - the online entrepreneur-need to know to launch a profitable online business?在线市场上的成功从来不是一个有保证的结果。
在砖和砂浆市场，在线公司的失败率是很高的。
为什么一些在线公司成功，而许多其他人失败？创业者--网上创业者需要知道如何推出一项有利可图的网上交易？Online businesses may be pure play companies (online only) or click-and-mortar companies that add online projects, such as e-procurement or selling online, as additional market channels.在线业务可能是纯游戏公司（在线）或鼠标加水泥公司增加网上的项目，如采购或销售网络，为更多的市场渠道。
Most new businesses--brick-and-mortar, pure play, or click-and-mortar—begin in a similar manner. The process can be described by the following steps.大多数新的企业-砖和砂浆，纯游戏，或按一下和迫击炮以类似的方式开始。
Unit 4 Transnational EnterprisesText A 跨国公司概述在20世纪后期，国际商务已经成为重要的经济力量了。
当今，几乎没有国家在经济上是自给自足的。
在许多国家，国际商务已经触与到人们的日常生活。
如果国际商务是跨越国境实施商务的过程，那么跨国公司就是这一活动的主要参与者。
跨国公司是世界上最大的经济机构之一。
粗略的估计表明300家最大的跨国公司拥有，或者控制着全世界生产性资产的四分之一,价值约5万亿美元。
跨国公司年销售总额相当于甚至大于大多数国家的国内生产总值〔GDP〕。
跨国公司对社会发展的影响如下：1.经济增长跨国公司通过其经济活动潜在的推动社会经济增长。
事实表明，跨国公司的直接投资和资本往来可明显地促进东道国的经济增长。
例如，在过去的10年里，在匈牙利登记的国际直接投资推进了国家经济现代化进程，促进了生产力增长和重建。
虽然理论上跨国公司可以通过经济增长促进整个社会的进步，但事实上这种关系并不多见，其理由有二：其一，跨国公司是否对东道国的经济增长负有责任，这一点并不明确。
特别是发展中国家开始关注其主要产业对国际投资的依赖程度。
他们开始意识到国外分公司经常把其利润转向国外而不是在发展中国家再投资，而且跨国公司输入重要产品和服务，带给母国更多的利润从而实际上阻碍了东道国企业的发展。
其二，即使跨国公司的行为促进了东道国经济的发展，但经济发展与社会发展之间的关系是脆弱的。
虽然全球经济每年都在增长，但这种增长实际上难以解决贫困，失业等社会问题。
劳动力问题在日本是一个很严重的问题，有5.3%的失业率，国际直接投资听起来是增长生产力，但似乎也意味着更多的失业。
许多公司也深信直接投资更大程度上是一种重组而不是提供更多就业岗位。
2．技术转移跨国公司可以通过技术转移间接地推动东道国的社会进步。
技术转移有多种形式，包括硬件，如机器设备，软件，如产品和过程设计，管理培训，市场营销与质量控制技术。
