新编英语教程Unit 1教案
- 格式:doc
- 大小:184.50 KB
- 文档页数:21
Unit 1 loveI. Teaching aims: 1. to do some preparation activities such as discussion, group work, etc. topractice the students’ spoken skill and communicative skills;2. to grasp some new words and try to use these words which help themenrich their vocabulary;3. to discuss love and some one “you” love;4. to do some post-reading exercises and some after-class reading to practicewhat they have got to know in class to improve their English comprehensiveskills.II. key points: 1. learn to introduce oneself, one’s family as well as one’s hobbies;2. to talk about a love story that impress you most.III. difficult points: 1. to paraphrase some difficult sentences and catch their meaning.2.to grasp some useful words and phrases to describe a love story.IV. teaching procedures:4.1 warming up (preparation):1) Why do we have all kinds of emotions?2) Where do emotions come from?head ,heart3) Which one is the most desirable among all the emotions?4) Love: all kinds of love4.1.1 getting to know each otherUseful phrases:(your hometown): province, city, county, town, village,(your high shcool) public school, experiment school, affiliated middle school, middle school attached/affiliated to… (……附中),college entrance examination4.1.1.1 Ask the students to write down some words about hobbies, doing sports, characters on thethe words mentioned above.Sample A:I came from the city of Chaohu, Anhui province. The city is so named because there is a big lake lying in the middle of the city. Our city is not a big one. It’s just like a small town. People living in the city are kind and warm-hearted.Sample B:My name is Wei Xiao. I come from a nuclear family. That means I’m a single child. I came from Ji’nan, the capital city of Shandong province. In the past th ree years, I studied at the high school attached to Shandong University, a key high school in my hometown. I like all kinds of sports. Basketball, football, and tennis are my favorite games. And I also like to listen to music, especially popular music.4.1.2 getting to know the members of the family:Ask the students to talk about their family members with their partners (including their jobs their hobbies and their characters)1) Video: The Stewarts family tree2) Sara’s family tree3) Work out your own family treeCommon family relationships:Grandfather, grandmother, mother, father, uncle, aunt, brother, sister, cousin, brother-in-law, sister-in-law, nephew, niece, grandson, granddaughter4.1.3 talk about love1) a definition of “love”Love is a deep feeling of fondness, affection and friendship that grows between members of a family or between people of the opposite sex. Love is a universal emotion that expresses itself in every culture.To love is to be human, to be loved is also to be human.Love is a deep feeling of fondness, affection and friendship that grows between members of a family or between people of the opposite sex. Whether it is a mother’s nurturing love for her child, a son’s loyal love for his father, the love between husband and w ife, the love between friends, love is a universal emotion that expresses itself in every culture.Many of the famous romantic love stories in various cultures( such as Liangshanbo and Zhuyingtai , Romeo and Juliet, Jack and Rose in the film “Titanic”) end in the tragedies of death or betrayal ( 背叛). The loss of love is a favorite musical theme ( 主题) and the subject of countless stories, songs and ballads ( 诗歌).To love is to be human, to be loved is also to be human.2)There are many kinds of love in the world. Can you mention some of them?a mother’s love for her children, a son’s love for his father, the love between husband and wife, the love between friends, puppy love, love of one’s country…3) talk about someone you loveUseful expressions:ambitious considerate cordial diligent easy-going generous intelligent patient persevering respectable thoughtful thrifty hardworking good-looking friendly honestI love my mother most, because she's always very kind to me, unlike my father who will scold me, or slap me if I make mistakes or if I am naughty. My mother is an ordinary-looking woman, but in my eyes she is very beautiful. She is very hard-working and does almost all the housework. When I was working for the en-trance examinations, she was very considerate and never let me do any,housework. When I was hungry at night, she would fix a snack for me. She is a good cook. It's a pity that I am not able to have what she cooks because I am far away from home.4.2 listening-centered activitiesTask 1: the importance of loveTask 2: vedio clipListen to the tape and answer the following questions.A Poem: What Makes A Dad ?V. reading centered activities:5.1 pre-reading questionsWhile you are walking in the street, you often meet with disabled persons. On other occasions, you may know some disabled persons in your neighborhood. What kind of feelings you have toward them? Do you feel sorry for them? Is your heart filled with sympathy? Or are you always ready to help them? If you know anyone who is disabled, please talk about your feelings about him or her.1) Can you imagine the world of the handicapped (their life and feelings)?2) What’s your feeling/attitude towards the handicapped?Hint:feel pity for hide Intolerable look away in embarrassment recognize sb. as an ordinary person be oneself manage to ignoresample answers:When I see a disabled person on the street I feel sorry for him/her. I know a disabled person whose leg has been broken when he was young. But he did not lose heart. He makes a living by repairing radios and watches for others. He often repairs radios and watches free of charge. I admire his courage to face difficulties.I don’t think our country has done enough for the disabled. For example, some colleges refuse to admit disabled students. In many buildings, there aren’t any special routes for the disabled, as there are in Japan and the U.S. So I think we should do something to help the disabled.3) How do you feel if you were seen to be with to a handicapped person and if he were one of thefamily members you love most?Hint:strong-minded body/mind/spirit not give up set an example learn from physically mentally live a hard life laugh at unsympathetic cold-blooded justified call for sample answer:I know many people who are disabled physically but are very strong-minded. Take ZhangHaidi for example, though she is seriously ill in body, she is very healthy in mind. She nevergives up I life. She’s set an example for many people, both the fortunate and the unf ortunate. I think we should all learn from her and never give up when faced with difficulties.The disabled people are sometimes living in misery, especially the mentally disabled. A neighbor of mine, who was born low-intelligent, has been deserted by his family since the day I remembered things. He has to live on begging. Neither are the people sympathetic. I wonder why people are so cold-blooded. Shouldn’t he be better taken care of? Here, I call for sympathy to the disabled. And I wish laws be made not to look down upon the disabled people.5.2 new words and phrases:1) adjust: adjust to sb./sth.①If you adjust something such as your clothing or a machine, you correct or alter its positionor setting.I must adjust my watch, it is slow.②When you adjust to a new situation, you get used to it by changing your behavior or your ideas.I have adjusted to the new environment in university.When you go abroad, you have to adjust yourself to the new time zone.adjust to energy shortage 适应能源短缺③If you adjust something, you change it so that it is more effective or appropriate.adjust expenses to income 量入为出You can adjust the car seats to the length of your legs.④If you adjust your vision or if your vision adjusts, the muscles of your eye or the pupils alter to cope with changes in light or distance.His eyes need several minutes to adjust to the dimness.adjust, fit 与suitadjust 强调调整自身以适应新的环境或新的需要,能和反身代词及介词to连用。
新编英语教程unit1教案Unit OneI. Lead-inMovie ClipWatch the following video and then do the exercise. You can find the interpretation of some words and phrases in "Word Bank".Book 6 Unit (00:00 – 02:33)Script- See- So this is where the tree went.- What- Interesting.- What's so interesting- These branches don't have a single leaf.- You know, I noticed that, too.- Jack. Look at the tree and say something.- Say what What's so funny- This is amazing. Don't you see- Hey, you know, it almost seems like every time I say something, some of the ...Hello Hel ... lo! I want my baby back, baby back, baby back. I want my baby back, baby back ribs. Shit! Hey, how are you doing this- Me I'm doing nothing. You and this tree are now connected.- Connected- It seems like all your talking is making you sick.- Hey, my talking is not making me sick.- Oh, really What happens when a tree loses all its leaves,Jack- So what are you trying to say, Sinja- It's obvious to me. The more you talk, the more leaves fall, the sicker you get. - The sicker I get So what happens if all the leaves fall off the tree- That usually means the tree is dead.- Hey, wait a second. Hold on a second. You're telling me that you think whatever happens to the tree happens to me - Yes.- So I could die.- Yes, but you would die in the most amazing way possible.- I could die- Or someone could turn you into a coffee table.- Hey, Sinja, you know, you're a real funny dude to stand here making jokes when my life is being controlled by this magic tree. How many leaves do you think are left on this tree- A thousand.- So what I got A thousand words left- Now you have 993. One word, one leaf.(From A Thousand Words)Word Bankdude:an informal form of address for a man 伙计、哥们Exercise1.It is interesting that Jack and the tree _________________.A. can communicateB. are of the same ageC. come from the same placeD. are connected2.At the end of the conversation, Jack has ___________ wordsto say before he dies.A. 993B. 995C. 997D. 1,000Key: 1. D 2. AInspirational QuotesWhen ideas fail, words come in very handy.— Johann Wolfgang von GoetheDiscussionIf you are to describe your campus life in only one word, what is it Then tell us why you choose that particular word.II. Text IPre-reading Questions1.You may have kept in your memory some words, phrases or even whole sentencesthat are of great wisdom and can serve as guidelines in your life. Share them with your classmates and discuss their value.2.The two words that, as the author of the text suggests, should be avoided are"if only", and the two be remembered are "next time". Can you guess, before you read the text, what message the author intends to convey to the reader with sucha suggestionGeneral ReadingI. Judge which of the following best states the purpose of the article.A. To explain how Freud's psychotherapy works.B. To demonstrate the power of positive thinking.C. To call attention to the importance of the choice of words.Key: BII. Judge whether the following statements are true or false.1.That wintry afternoon, the author was in a bad mood and he happened to meet anold friend of his in a French restaurant in Manhattan.2.The Old Man asked the author to go to his office because he thought that theoffice was a better place than the restaurant for their talk.3.The three speakers on the tape had all been unfavorably affected by what hadhappened to them.4.In the Old Man's opinion, it was a bad way of thinking always to regret whatone had done or had not done.Key: 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. TBackground Notes1.Manhattan, an island near the mouth of the Hudson River, is a borough of NewYork City, in southeastern New York State, Commercial and cultural heart of the city, Manhattan is the site of the Metropolitan Opera House, Carnegie Hall, the City Center of Music and Drama, and numerous other music institutions.2.Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) is an Austrian physician and the founder ofpsychoanalysis. Freud explored the workings of the human mind and developed psychoanalysis as a therapeutic technique to treat neurosis or mental disturbances.Text StudyTextTwo Words to Avoid, Two to RememberArthur Gordon1 Nothing in life is more exciting and rewarding than the sudden flash of insightthat leaves you a changed person — not only changed, but changed for the better. Such moments are rare, certainly, but they come to all of us. Sometimes from a book,a sermon, a line of poetry. Sometimes from a friend ...2 That wintry afternoon in Manhattan, waiting in the little French restaurant,I was feeling frustrated and depressed. Because of several miscalculations on my part, a project of considerable importance in my life had fallen through. Even the prospect of seeing a dear friend (the Old Man, as I privately and affectionately thought of him) failed to cheer me as it usually did. I sat there frowning at the checkered tablecloth, chewing the bitter cud of hindsight.3 He came across the street, finally, muffled in his ancient overcoat, shapeless felt hat pulled down over his bald head, looking more like an energetic gnome than an eminent psychiatrist. His offices were nearby; I knew he had just left his last patient of the day. He was close to 80, but he still carried a full case load, still acted as director of a large foundation, still loved to escape to the golf course whenever he could.4 By the time he came over and sat beside me, the waiter had brought his invariable bottle of ale. I had not seen him for several months, but he seemed as indestructible as ever. "Well, young man," he said without preliminary, "what's troubling you"5 I had long since ceased to be surprised at hisperceptiveness. So I proceeded to tell him, at some length, just what was bothering me. With a kind of melancholy pride, I tried to be very honest. I blamed no one else for my disappointment, only myself. I analyzed the whole thing, all the bad judgments, the false moves. I went on for perhaps 15 minutes, while the Old Man sipped his ale in silence.6 When I finished, he put down his glass. "Come on," he said. "Let's go back to my office."7 "Your office Did you forget something"8 "No," he said mildly. "I want your reaction to something. That's all."9 A chill rain was beginning to fall outside, but his office was warm and comfortable and familiar: book-lined walls, long leather couch, signed photograph of Sigmund Freud, tape recorder by the window. His secretary had gone home. We were alone.10 The Old Man took a tape from a flat cardboard box and fitted it onto the machine. "On this tape," he said, "are three short recordings made by three persons who came to me for help. They are not identified, of course. I want you to listen to the recordings and see if you can pick out the two-word phrase that is the common denominator in all three cases." He smiled. "Don't look so puzzled. I have my reasons."11 What the owners of the voices on the tape had in common, it seemed to me, was unhappiness. The man who spoke first evidently had suffered some kind of business loss or failure; he berated himself for not having worked harder, for not having looked ahead. The woman who spoke next had never married because of a sense of obligation to her widowed mother; she recalled bitterly all the marital chances she had let go by. Thethird voice belonged to a mother whose teen-age son was in trouble with the police; she blamed herself endlessly.12 The Old Man switched off the machine and leaned back in his chair. "Six times in those recordings a phrase is used that's full of subtle poison. Did you spot it No Well, perhaps that's because you used it three times yourself down in the restaurant a little while ago." He picked up the box that had held the tape and tossed it over to me. "There they are, right on the label. The two saddest words in any language."13 I looked down. Printed neatly in red ink were the words: If only.14 "You'd be amazed," said the Old Man, "if you knew how many thousands of times I've sat in this chair and listened to woeful sentences beginning with those two words. 'If only,' they say to me, 'I had done it differently — or not done it at all. If only I hadn't lost my temper, said the cruel thing, made that dishonest move, told that foolish lie. If only I had been wiser, or more unselfish, or more self-controlled.' They go on and on until I stop them. Sometimes I make them listen to the recordings you just heard. 'If only,' I say to them, 'you'd stop saying if only, we might begin to get somewhere!'"15 The Old Man stretched out his legs. "The trouble with 'if only,'" he said, "is that it doesn't change anything. It keeps the person facing the wrong way —backward instead of forward. It wastes time. In the end, if you let it become a habit, it can becomea real roadblock, an excuse for not trying any more.16 "Now take your own case: your plans didn't work out. Why Because you made certain mistakes. Well, that's all right: everyone makes mistakes. Mistakes are what we learn from. But when you were telling me about them, lamenting this, regrettingthat, you weren't really learning from them."17 "How do you know" I said, a bit defensively.18 "Because," said the Old Man, "you never got out of the past tense. Not once did you mention the future. And in a way —be honest, now! — you were enjoying it. There's a perverse streak in all of us that makes us like to hash over old mistakes. After all, when you relate the story of some disaster or disappointment that has happened to you, you're still the chief character, still in the center of the stage."19 I shook my head ruefully. "Well, what's the remedy"20 "Shift the focus," said the Old Man promptly. "Change the key words and substitute a phrase that supplies lift instead of creating drag."21 "Do you have such a phrase to recommend"22 "Certainly. Strike out the words 'if only'; substitute the phrase 'next time.'"23 "Next time"24 "That's right. I've seen it work minor miracles right here in this room. As long as a patient keeps saying 'if only' to me, he's in trouble. But when he looks mein the eye and says 'next time,' I know he's on his way to overcoming his problem. It means he has decided to apply the lessons he has learned from his experience, however grim or painful it may have been. It means he's going to push aside the roadblock of regret, move forward, take action, resume living. Try it yourself. You'll see."25 My old friend stopped speaking. Outside, I could hear the rain whispering against the windowpane. I tried sliding one phrase out of my mind and replacing it with the other. It was fanciful, of course, but I could hear the new words lock into placewith an audible click....26 The Old Man stood up a bit stiffly. "Well, class dismissed. It has been good to see you, young man. Always is. Now, if you will help me find a taxi, I probably should be getting on home."27 We came out of the building into the rainy night. I spotteda cruising cab and ran toward it, but another pedestrian was quicker.28 "My, my," said the Old Man slyly. "If only we had come down ten seconds sooner, we'd have caught that cab, wouldn't we"29 I laughed and picked up the cue. "Next time I'll run faster."30 "That's it," cried the Old Man, pulling his absurd hat down around his ears. "That's it exactly!"31 Another taxi slowed. I opened the door for him. He smiled and waved as it moved away. I never saw him again. A month later, he died of a sudden heart attack, in full stride, so to speak.32 More than a year has passed since that rainy afternoon in Manhattan. But to this day, whenever I find myself thinking "if only", I change it to "next time". Then I wait for that almost-perceptible mental click. And when I hear it, I think of the Old Man.33 A small fragment of immortality, to be sure. But it's the kind he would havewanted.Words and Phrases1.prospect n. sth. one expects to happen; a possibility or likelihood of sth.happening. I look forward to the prospect of being a volunteer doing social work in the Great Northwest.There is a reasonable prospect of reaching the trapped miners within the next 24 hours.prospects pl. — opportunities. Most people are not quite optimistic about the prospects for/of employment.Don't think too much how the job pays now. What really matters is that it holds good prospects.2.eminent adj. famous and respected within a particular profession, . eminentdoctor/surgeon/scientist, etc.3.invariable adj. never changing. The invariable question the mother asked her child after school every day was: "How did everything go today"4.proceed v. begin a course of action. After the preparations had been made, we proceeded to draft the plan.5.at some length: (formal) in some detail. She described to us her trip to New Zealand at some length.cf. at length— after a long time; at last. He thought over the mathematical problem day and night and solved it at length.6.false move: an unwise action that turns out to be a mistake and brings one risksor failure. Be very careful with the designing of the plan; a false move and it will fall through.7.berate v. (formal) scold or criticize angrily because of a fault. Don't berate anyone just because he has made a mistake. Don't we all make mistakes from time to time/doc/b3d5eff34a73f242336c1eb91a37f111f0850dd5.html ment v. feel or express deep sorrow (for or because of sth.). One should not lament the past mistakes, but should try to do better later.9.ruefully adv. regretfully. He faced his recent failure ruefully.10.promptly adv. quickly, at once. He always responded to the customers' requests promptly.11.grim adj. harsh, unpleasant, dreadful. He was depressed when he heard the grim news that two-thirds of the workforce might be discharged.Notes1.the sudden flash of insight that leaves you a changed person: the quick andspontaneous understanding that makes you a different persona flash of insight—an understanding that comes to one suddenly and quicklyleave (with object and adverbial or complement) —cause (object) to be or to remain in a particular state or position . Buying an expensive car has left the family penniless.The children were left in the care of the nanny.2. chewing the bitter cud of hindsight: thinking repeatedly about the painfulrealization of what had happenedLiterally cud means "partly digested food returned from the first stomach of ruminants to the mouth for further chewing" (反刍的食物). When an animal chews the cud, it chews further the partly digested food. When a person chews the cud, he thinks about something reflectively.. He chewed the cud for a long while before he set pen to paper.hindsight—understanding the reasons for an event or situation only after it has happened. The accident could have been avoided with the wisdom of hindsight.With hindsight they should not have left their little daughter alone in the country villa.3.he still carried a full case load: he still kept himself fully occupied in thetreatment of his patientscase load— the number of patients a doctor has to deal with4.I had long since ceased to be surprised at his perceptiveness.: I had long beforecome to know that he was good at perceiving how others thought and felt; so I was not at all surprised when he noticed my troubled state.perceptiveness(n.) —unusual ability to notice and understand; awareness and understanding. We all admired his perceptiveness; he was always so quick to respond to a new situation.5.With a kind of melancholy pride: Apparently the author was still proud of his"project of considerable importance", though he was sad because of "several miscalculations on his part"./doc/b3d5eff34a73f242336c1eb91a3 7f111f0850dd5.html mon denominator: This is a term used in mathematics, meaning "the commonmultiple of the denominator of several fractions" (公分母). In this context, it means "the characteristic shared by the threepersons", . the phrase if only was used by all three of them.7.all the marital chances she had let go by: all the chances for her to get marriedshe had missedlet (sth.) go by— lose sth.. The short course is a good opportunity for you to learn a skill. Don't let it go by.8.There's a perverse streak in all of us that makes us like to hash over oldmistakes.: There's an obstinately unreasonable quality in all of us which makes us enjoy bringing up old mistakes again for consideration.perverse—(of a person or one's actions) showing an obstinate desire to behave in an unreasonable way. We just couldn't understand her perverse decision against the majority.streak—an element of a specified kind in one's character (性格行为的)倾向, an often unpleasant characteristic . Her streak of stubbornness makes her difficult to get along with.hash over— (slang) bring up (sth.) again for consideration . What has been done cannot be undone. Don't hash over past mistakes. Cheer up and try to do better next time.9.substitute a phrase that supplies lift instead of creating drag: use a phrase(in place of if only) that provides encouragement that pushes you forward instead of discouragement that pulls you backward substitute (v.) — use (sth.) in place of (sth. else). The old lady suffers from diabetes, so she substitutes saccharine for sugar/so shesubstitutes sugar with saccharine.substitute (n.) — a person or thing acting or used in place of another. The actress's substitute performed as well as the actress herself.10.when he looks me in the eye: when he looks directly at me without showingembarrassment, fear, or shame11.I could hear the new words lock into place with an audible click: I could sensethe new words firmly fixed in my mind without any doubt12.that almost-perceptible mental click: the reminder provided by the Old Man thatcan roughly be felt in the mind13.a small fragment of immortality: a small piece of advice to be remembered foreverQuestions1.How were the author and the old man relatedKey:The old man was an eminent psychiatrist and the author was a client of his.2.According to the author, how much did the session with his psychiatrist friendthat afternoon mean to him (para. 1)Key: To him, the session was just like "a flash of insight that leaves him a changed person — not only changed, but changed for the better."3.Why did the old man let the author listen to the three speakers on the tapeKey: The three speakers on the tape were all unhappy, and the two words they all used frequently in what they said were "ifonly". What the old man wanted to point out to the author was that to keep saying "if only" would not change anything; on the contrary, it only kept the person facing the wrong way —backward instead of forward. Thus it did more harm than good to the person who kept saying them.4.What did the old man advise the author to do to get out of his depressed stateof mind (para. 20)Key: Shift the focus; substitute "next time" for "if only".5.In what way are the two phrases "if only" and "next time" different (para. 20)Key: They point to entirely different mental directions; one is backward and negative, and the other forward and positive.6.What do you think is the tone of the passageKey: It is instructive and inspirational.Activity1.Failures and setbacks are an inevitable part of our life. Tell your classmatesabout one such "unfortunate" experience and how you managed to get back on your feet.Sentence patterns for your referenceWhen I was ... I met ...It is true that life is ...In spite of the ..., I ...2.Discuss the "flash of insight" Gordon suddenly got. What psychological effectdid this piece of advice produce on Gordon Do you believe that one's mentality is an essential factor when one is unfortunately thrown into adversity Give examples to support your view.Sentence patterns for your referenceIn case one meets ..., it is essential that ...As in Gordon's case, ...An example to show ... is that ...Organization and DevelopmentNarrationIn terms of mode of development, the present text is basically a narration, in which the author, Arthur Gordon, relates his meeting with his psychiatrist friend "the Old Man".Characteristics of NarrationThe purpose of a narration is to recount an event or a series of events; therefore it is usually chronological in its arrangement of details. The chief purpose of narration is to interest and entertain, though, of course, it may be used to instruct and inform.Narrative Structure of the TextGordon's purpose of writing, obviously, is not just to tell what happened during his meeting with his friend, but, more importantly, to instruct. The instructive significance of the story is made clear in the first paragraph. In the first few lines Gordon has already made it clear to the reader that what he is going to do is to tell how "the sudden flash of insight that leaves you a changed person —notonly changed, but changed for the better — ... Sometimes from a friend."In the first three paragraphs, which serve as a kind of introduction to the narration, we learn something about the physical circumstances for the meeting, . the time — one rainy wintry afternoon, and the place — a French restaurant in Manhattan; the author's somber mood caused by his failure tocomplete an important project; and also something about the Old Man —his age, his profession, and perhaps more importantly, his positive attitude towards life.The last two paragraphs form a sort of conclusion, in which what the author has learned from his friend, which is also what he wants his readers to learn, is explicitly stated: ... whenever I find myself thinking "if only", I change it to "next time".III. Text IIText StudyTextThe Romance of WordsWilfred Funk and Norman Lewis1 From now on we want you to look at words intently, to be inordinately curious about them and to examine them syllable by syllable, letter by letter. They are your tools of understanding and self-expression. Collect them. Keep them in condition. Learn how to handle them. Develop a fastidious, but not a fussy, choice. Work always towards good taste in their use. Train your ear for their harmonies.2 We urge you not to take words for granted just because they have been part of your daily speech since childhood. You must examine them. Turn them over and over, and see the seal and superscription on each one, as though you were handling a coin.We would like you actually to fall in love with words.3 Words, as you know, are not dead things. They are fairly wriggling with life. They are the exciting and mysterious tokens of our thoughts, and like human beings, they are born, come to maturity, grow old and die, and sometimes they are even re-born in a new age. A word, from its birth to its death, is a process, nota static thing.4 Words, like living trees, have roots, branches and leaves.5 Shall we stay with this analogy for a few moments, and see how perfect it is6 The story of the root of a word is the story of its origin. The study of origins is called etymology, which in turn has its roots in the Greek word etymon meaning "true" and the Greek ending —logia meaning "knowledge." So etymology means the true knowledge of words.7 Every word in our language is a frozen metaphor, a frozen picture. It is this poetry behind words that gives language its overwhelming power. And the more intimately we know the romance that lies within each word, the better understanding we will have of its meaning.8 For instance, on certain occasions you will probably say that you have "calculated" the cost of something or other. What does this term "calculate" really mean Here is the story. Years ago, ancient Romans had an instrument called a hodometer, or "road measurer," which corresponds to our modern taximeter. If you had hired a two-wheeled Roman vehicle to ride, say, to the Forum, you might have found in the back a tin can with a revolving cover that held a quantity of pebbles. This can was so contrived that each time the wheel turned the metal cover also revolved and a pebble dropped through a hole into the receptacle below. At the end of your trip you counted the pebbles and calculated your bill. You see the Latin word for pebble was calculus, and that's where our word "calculate" comes from.9 There are, of course, many words with much simpler histories than this. When you speak of a "surplus," for instance, you are merely saying that you have a sur(French for "over") plus (French for "more") or a sur-plus. That is, you have an "over-more" than you need.10 Should you be in a snooty mood for the nonce, and happen to look at someone rather haughtily, your friends might call you supercilious, a word which comes from the Latin supercilium, meaning that "eyebrow" you just raised. That person you are so fond of, who has become your companion, —[cum (Latin for "with") and panis (Latin for "bread")] —is simply one who eats bread with you. That's all. Again, "trumps" in bridge is from the French "triomphe" or triumph, an old-time game of cards. In modern cards one suit is allowed to triumph over, or to "trump" the other suits. And still again, in the army, the lieutenant is literally one who takes the place of the captain when the latter is not around. From the French lieu (we use it in "in lieu of") and tenir, "to hold." The captain, in turn, derives from the Latin word caput (head); colonel comes from columna (the "column" that he leads).11 If, by any chance, you would like to twit your friend, the Wall Street broker, just tell him that his professional title came from the Middle English word brocour, a broacher, or one who opens, or broaches, a cask to draw off the wine or liquor. We still employ the same word in the original sense when we say "he broached (or opened up) the subject." Finally the broacher, or broker, became a salesman of wine. Then of other things, such as stocks and bonds.12 These are the roots of words. We next come to the branches. The branches of our language tree are those many groups of words that have grown out from one original root.13 Let's take an example. The Latin term spectare which means "to see" contains the root spec, and from this one root。
新编英语教程1第三版教学设计一、教学背景《新编英语教程1》是大学英语教材,主要面向大学一年级英语基础课程教学。
第三版教材主要更新了词汇、语法和阅读素材,同时更加注重学生口语表达能力的训练和实践。
在本次教学设计中,我们将针对该教材进行教学设计,旨在帮助学生更好地掌握英语语言知识和应用能力。
二、教学目标学习完本节课程,学生应达到以下教学目标:1.掌握基础词汇,包括名词、动词、形容词、副词等;2.了解英语语法,包括句子结构、时态、语态以及被动语态等;3.优化口语表达能力,提高沟通能力;4.培养学生自主学习、思考、解决问题的能力,达到能够独立学习英语的水平。
三、教学内容与指导思路3.1 教学内容教材第一单元《My friends and I》。
词汇、语法、和口语表达能力的训练。
针对教材中的以下内容进行教学:1.人称代词和物主代词的使用;2.简单时态(现在时、过去时以及将来时)的使用;3.动词的被动语态;4.多种句子结构的使用;5.常用的日常英语口语表达。
通过多种学习方式,全面提高学生英语语言综合素养和应用能力,达到英语语言沟通的基本要求。
3.2 指导思路1.提高学生的学习兴趣,增强学习主动性和积极性。
通过小组讨论、课堂问答、真实场景模拟等方式,让学生感知英语语言的巨大魅力,提高主动学习的意识。
2.基于学生的实际掌握水平,采用多种教学手段。
无论是针对词汇的阅读训练、语法知识的梳理与模拟训练,还是口语交际能力的提升,本次教学肯定有多种形式的练习活动。
3.系统性地传授英语语言知识,严格把关学习效果。
逐步推进解题思路,梳理重点难点知识体系,切实提高学生英语语言的全面分析及解决问题的能力。
三、教学过程3.1 教学方法采用多种教学方法:1.讲授;2.互动交流;3.问答;4.课外练习。
3.2 教学流程第一步:引入通过一些真实的英语场景让学生感受到英语语言实际应用的价值。
第二步:阅读理解通过阅读教材,让学生掌握重要词汇和英语语言的基础语法知识,并通过练习巩固记忆。
Unit OneHello, Hi(注意:标题跟着教程改)Key and TranslationSECTION I Talking Face to Face Imitating Mini-Talks1Work in pairs. Look at the pictures and practice the following mini-talks for greeting and introducing people.Acting out the Tasks2Work in pairs and act out the tasks by following the above mini-talks.Key for reference:1) Task: Meet Prof. Waters at the airport.A: How do you do, Prof. Waters. I‟m your interpreter(翻译), Li HongB: How do you do? Li Hong. Nice to meet you.A: Welcome to China.B: Thank you for coming to meet me.2) Task: Exchange business cards with Mr. Green.A: Pleased to meet you, Mr. Green. Here is my business card.B: Thank you. Ah, so you are Liu Ming.A: Yes, I‟ll be your tour guideB: It‟s nice to meet you. Here is my card.3) Task: Introduce a foreign friend to your colleague.A: Hello, Lily. This is Mrs. Smith, our new English teacher.B: How do you do, Mrs. Smith? Welcome to our school.C: Thank you. Oh, the campus is beautiful.B: Yes. May I invite you to have a cup of tea together?4) Task: Greet your business partner, Mr. Johnson, at a trade fair.A: Hello, Mr. Johnson. Nice to meet you again at the trade fair.B: Hi, Zhang. How are things with you?A: Fine. We have brought a new product to the fair.B: Great! I‟m eager to see it.5) Take leave and say goodbye to your hostess, Mrs. Waters.A: Hello, Mrs. Waters. We‟ve got to leave now.B: Why so early? I have got some nice tea for you.A: No, thank you. It‟s time we left.B: OK. Then see you tomorrow.Studying Business Cards3Business cards are very useful for introducing people. Now let’s read them and try to use the information in the cards in introductions.匹兹堡州立大学社会语言学系迈克·布林博士校长地址:堪萨斯州匹兹堡市北大街1701号匹兹堡州立大学邮编:KS 66762电话:316-231-2750传真:316-231-2750Following Sample Dialogues4 Read the following sample dialogues and try to perform your own tasks. Putting Language to Use5Imagine you are meeting an English teacher from the USA at the airport. Read aloud the following dialogue with your partner by putting in the missing words.Key: 1. Robert 2. Thank you 3. pleasure 4. Here is 5. this is6. How do you do7. call me8. journey9. the hotel 10. very kind6Imagine you are a new employee at a joint venture. Mr. Smith is the general manager there. You meet him for the first time at the company’s canteen. Fill in the blanks according to the clues given in the brackets. Then act it out with your partner. Key: 1. Excuse me 2. Oh, yes. How do you do, Mr. Smith. I‟m Li Ying.3. Welcome to our company4. you are the general manager5. Here is my card6. Thank you7. My email address is l-i-y-i-n-g@-yahoo-dot-com-dot-cnSECTION II Being All EarsLearning Sentences for Workplace Communication1Listen to 10 sentences for workplace communication cross-referenced with their Chinese translations.Script:1) Hello, nice to meet you. Mrs. Waters.2) Excuse me, are you Mr. Green from England?3) I‟m Jack Green from Canada. Here is my card.4) Glad to meet you, Paul. Here is my card.5) How are you, Jack? Nice to meet you, again.6) Welcome to our college, Dick.7) Hi, long time no see. Do you remember me?8) What a surprise to see you here.9) Oh, it‟s you, President Kong. Nice to see you again.10) My name is Dick Washington. Please call me Dick.2Listen to the following sentences for workplace communication in Column A and match each one with its Chinese version in Column B.Script:1) How are you? Nice to meet you.2) Hello, this is Professor Kong, our president.3) Hi! My name is Peter Green. Glad to meet you.4) Hello, John. So glad to see you again.5) Good morning, Mr. Smith. How are you doing?6) Hi! Jack. Do you still remember me?7) May I introduce my sister to you?8) What a surprise to see you here.9) Welcome to our college. This is my card.10) Are you Mr. Black from America?Key:1-h, 2-j, 3-e, 4-a, 5-g, 6-b, 7-I, 8-c, 9-d, 10-f3 You will hear 6sentences for workplace communication. While listening, you are required to complete the dialogues by ticking the appropriate responses out of the four choices provided. Script1. How do you do?2. Hi, Tom. How are you?3. Hello, Mary, I‟d like you to meet Mark.4. Hello. Let me introduce myself. I am Linda.5. Let me introduce the new professor to you.6. Do you think we‟ve met before?Key:1. A2. A3.D4. C5.A6. DHandling a Dialogue4Listen to a dialogue and decode the message by finding out the correct choices in the brackets according to what you have heard.Key: 1. Thomson 2. a third-year 3. pleasure 4. program 5. master‟s 6. touch Understanding a Short Speech/Talk5 Now listen to a short speech/talk and fill up the blanks according to what you have heard. The words in brackets will give you some hints.Script:Good morning, everyone. It‟s my honor to introduce Professor Waters to you. (Applause) Prof. Waters is from the United States of America. She will teach us English this term. Prof. Waters has taught students in many different countries. She is a very good teacher and she is really an expert in English teaching. She is the author of a number of books in this field. So, it is a pleasure for us to have her as our English teacher here. Now, let‟s welcome her to say a few words to us! (Clapping)Key:1. Professor Waters2. the United States of America3. this term4. in many different countries.5. language teaching6. a number of books7. our English teacher8. a few words6 Listen to the speech/talk again and complete the information in Column A with the right choices in Column B.Key:1.c2.a3.b4. a5.cSECTION III Trying Your HandPracticing Applied WritingWriting Sentences and Reviewing GrammarWrite and Describe a PictureSECTION IV Maintaining a Sharp Eye Passage IInformation related to the reading passageEnglish expressions borrowed from French:Over the long years, the English language has borrowed a great number of French words or expressions. Some of them have been so absorbed in English that speakers may not realize their origin. Other expressions like “faux pas”have retained their “Frenchness”, with which speakers tend to sound modern. These expressions are often written in italics. The following are a few French expressions which are commonly used in English.1)Faux Pas: it refers to a socially awkward or tactless act, a foolish mistake, something thatshould not be done. 失礼2)au pair: A foreign female who works for a family (cleaning and/or teaching the children)in exchange for room and board. 帮助料理家务换取住宿的外国女学生3)Bon appétit: The closest English equivalent is “Enjoy your meal” . 用餐愉快4)esprit de corps: It is s imilar to “group spirit” or “morale”. 团队精神5)rendez-vous: In English it means “an arrangement for a meeting”. It can be used as anoun or a verb. 约会6)RSVP: This abbreviation stands for Répondez, s‟il vous plaît, which means “Respond,please”. 敬请回复7)bon voyage: a way of saying “good-bye and wishing good luck”Language Points1Explanation of difficult sentences1. (Para. 2) Missed connections are missed opportunities for business.Analysis:Missed is a verb‟s past participle used here as an adjective. The repeated use of the same word could bring out a stronger effect.Translation:错过了联系就错失了商机。
教案2013 ~2014 学年第一学期课程名称:公共英语 I课程类别:所属系部:公共教学部任课教师:职称:授课班级:使用教材:新编实用英语 I二○年月章节或项目名称授课类型理论实验实训其它√□□□教学目标 (知识目标/能力目标)重点与难点教学方法与手段Unit 1- Section 1 Talking face to face- Section 2 Being all ears授课进度符合√超前□滞后□停补□班级建筑1321装饰1321地点教B205教B207周次第 6 周第 6 周星期五五节次5-67-81. Greeting people and giving responses;2. Saying good-bye to people;3. Exchanging personal information;4. Introducing people to each other.1. Greeting people and giving responses: first meeting and meeting again;2. Communicating personal information;3. Introducing people to each other;4. Key words and expressions.Teaching and role play教学过程(教学环节、各环节要点、时间分配等) 1. New words and expressions 10min2. Talking face to face 20min3. Practice the dialogues 10minBeing All Ears Review节S tudents have learned how to greet people and give responses, and exchange personal informations1. Make up dialogues for greeting and introducing people referring to the dialogues in the Workbook.2. Do the Put-in-use exercises.3. Preview Passage I and the exercises.第一节第二教学 小结作业 布置35min 5min章节或项目名称授课类型理论实验实训其它√□□□教学目标 (知识目标/能力目标) Unit 1- Section 3 Maintain a Sharp EyePassage I授课进度符合√超前□滞后□停补□班级建筑1321装饰1321地点教B205教B207周次第 7 周星期一一节次7-85-6第 7 周and British people greet each 5. How Americanother;6. Key words and expressions.5. How American and British people greet each other;6. Key words and expressions;7. Translate the Chinese sentences into English. Teaching and role play教学方法与手段教学过程(教学环节、各环节要点、时间分配等)重点与难点1. Review the useful expressions about 5minhow to greet people and give responses;第一2. The way Americans greet;3. Useful words and expressions.20min15min节第二1. Reading of the passage;2. Do and explain the exercises.3. Review10min25min5 min节教学小结作业布置Students have learned the way how American and British people greet each other.4. Learn by heart of Passage I;5. Preview Passage II and the exercises.章节或项目名称 Unit 1- Section 3 Maintain a Sharp EyePassage II授课类型理论实验实训其它√□□□教学目标 (知识目标/能力目标) 授课进度符合√超前□滞后□停补□班级建筑1321装饰1321地点教B205教B207周次第 7 周第 7 周星期五五7. Self-introduction;8.Description of a person’s appearance;9. Key words and expressions.节次5-67-8重点与难点8. Key words and expressions.9.Description of a person’s appearance;10. Self-introduction.Teaching and practicing教学方法与手段教学过程(教学环节、各环节要点、时间分配等)第一节第二1. Review useful words and expressions;2. A little about me;3. Useful words and expressions.1. Read aloud of the passage;2. Do and explain the exercises;3. Rewrite the story in the third person;4. Review10min20min10min5min20min10min5min节教学小结作业布置Students have learned how to introduce themselves and depicta person’s appearance.6. Review what we have learned;7. Preview and do the exercises in Trying your hand and Grammar.章节或项目名称 Unit 1- Section 4 Trying your hand and grammar 授课类型理论实验实训其它√□□□授课进度符合√超前□滞后□停补□班级建筑1321装饰1321地点教B205教B207周次第 8 周第 8 周星期一一节次7-85-61. Writing a business card;教学目标 (知识 2. Basic sentence structure; 目标/能力目标)重点与难点1. Writing a business card;2. Basic sentence structure; Teaching and practicing教学方法与手段教学过程(教学环节、各环节要点、时间分配等)教学小结作业布置1. Review the useful expressions about 10minhow to introduce oneselves and depict aperson’s appearance;2. Translate business cards; 15min3. Ask students to write a business card of 15minthemselves.1. Sentence writing and grammar review; 20min2. Do and explain the exercises; 15min3. Review. 5min1. Students have learned how to write a business card ;2. Basic sentence structure.1. Review what we have learned;2. Remember the new words and impressions;3. Do the exercises in the workbook;4. Preview Unit 2.第一节第二节章节或项目名称Unit 2- Section 1 Talking face to face- Section 2 Being all ears 授课类型理论实验实训其它√□□□教学目标 (知识目标/能力目标) 授课进度符合√超前□滞后□停补□班级建筑1321装饰1321地点教B205教B207周次第8 周第8 周星期五五节次5-67-81. Expressing pleasure and thanks on receiving agift;2. Congratulating and responding;3. Expressing regrets and asking for forgiveness;1. Congratulating and responding;2. Expressing regrets and asking for forgiveness;3. Key words and expressions.Teaching and role play教学方法与手段重点与难点教学过程(教学环节、各环节要点、时间分配等)10min第一1. New words and expressions2. Talking face to face3. Practice the dialogues20min10min节1. Being All Ears 35min 第2. Review 5min教学小结作业布置Students have learned the useful expressions of expressing pleasure and thanks on receiving a gift and expressing regrets and asking for forgiveness.1. Make up dialogues for giving and replying to a gift;2. Do the Put-in-use exercises.3. Preview Passage I and the exercises.二节章节或项目名称 Unit 2- Section 3 Maintain a Sharp EyePassage I授课类型理论 实验 实训 其它 √ □ □□教学目标 (知识 授课进度 班级 地点 周次 星期 节次 符合 √ 建筑 教 1321 B205超前 □滞后 □ 装饰 教 1321 B207停补 □1. Gift culture ;2. Culture differences in expressing friendship ; 目标/能力目标)3. Key words and expressions.重点与难点1. Culture differences in expressing friendship;2. Key words and expressions;3. Translate the Chinese sentences into English.Teaching and practising教学方法 与手段教学过程(教学环节、各环节要点、时间分配等)第 9 周 一 5-6第 9 周 一 7-81. Review the useful expressions about 5minhow to reply to a gift card;第一2. Different attitudes towards gift-giving;3. Useful words and expressions.20min15min节第1. Read aloud the passage;2. Do and explain the exercises.3. Review10min25min5 min教学小结作业布置Students have learned the two different attitudes towards gift-giving.1. Learn by heart of Passage I;2. Preview Passage II and the exercises.二节章节或项目名称Unit 2- Section 3 Maintain a Sharp EyePassage II授课类型理论实验实训其它√□□□授课进度符合√超前□滞后□停补□1. How to班级建筑1321装饰1321地点教B205教B207周次第10周第10周write a thank-you note;星期一一节次7-85-6教学目标 (知识目标/能力目标) 2. Gift culture;3. Key words and expressions.重点与难点1. Key words and expressions.2. How to write a thank-you note;3. Self-introduction.Teaching and practicing教学方法与手段教学过程(教学环节、各环节要点、时间分配等)1. Review useful words and expressions; 10min2. Thank- you notes are heart-warming; 20min 第3. Useful words and expressions. 10min一节1. Read aloud of the passage; 5min2. Do and explain the exercises; 20min 第3. Retell the last two paragraphs without 10min looking at the book;二 4. Review 5min 节教学小结作业布置Students have learned how to write a thank-you note.1. Review what we have learned;2. Preview and do the exercises in Trying your hand andGrammar.章节或项目名称授课类型理论 实验 实训 其它 √ □ □□教学目标 (知识 目标/能力目标)Unit 2- Section 4 Trying your hand and grammar授课进度 班级 地点 周次 星期 节次 符合 √ 建筑 教 第 101321 B205 周超前 □滞后 □ 装饰 教 第 101321 B207 周停补 □1. Writing and replying to a thank-you note,acongratulation letter and a letter of apology ; 2. Use of articles:a,an,the;1. Writing and replying to a thank-you note,acongratulation letter and a letter of apology ; 2. Use of articles:a,an,the;Teaching and practicing教学方法 与手段教学过程(教学环节、各环节要点、时间分配等)重点与难点五 5-6五 7-8教学小结作业布置1. Review the words and expressions; 10min2. Translate thank-you note, acongratulation letter and a letter of 15minapology;3. Ask students to write congratulation 15minletter.1. Sentence writing and grammar review; 20min2. Do and explain the exercises; 15min3. Review. 5minStudents have learned how to write a congratulation letter and how to use of articles:a,an,the.1. Review what we have learned;2. Remember the new words and impressions;3. Do the exercises in the workbook;4. Preview Unit 3.第一节第二节章节或项目名称 Unit 3- Section 1 Talking face to face- Section 2 Being all ears 授课类型理论实验实训其它√□□□授课进度符合√超前□滞后□停补□1. Asking班级建筑1321装饰1321地点教B205教B207周次第 11周第 11周星期一一where a particular place is ;节次7-85-6教学目标 (知识 2. Showing derections; 目标/能力目标)重点与难点1. Asking where a particular place is ;2. Showing derections;3. Key words and expressions. Teaching and practicing教学方法与手段教学过程(教学环节、各环节要点、时间分配等)1. New words and expressions 10min2. Talking face to face 20min 第3. Practice the dialogues 10min一节1. Being All Ears 35min2. Review. 5min 第二节教学小结作业布置Students have learned how to ask where a particular place is and show directions.1. Review what we have learned;2. Remember the new words and impressions;3. Do the Put-in-use exercises.4. Preview Passage I and the exercises.章节或项目名称 Unit 3- Section 3 Maintain a Sharp EyePassage I授课类型理论实验实训其它√□□□授课进度符合√超前□滞后□停补□1. Different班级建筑1321装饰1321地点教B205教B207周次第 11周第 11周星期五五feelings about traveling ;节次5-67-8教学目标 (知识 2. Key words and expressions. 目标/能力目标)重点与难点1. Different feelings about traveling ;2. Key words and expressions.3. Translate the Chinese sentences into English. Teaching and practising教学方法与手段教学过程(教学环节、各环节要点、时间分配等)1. Review the useful expressions about 5minhow to ask where a particular place is第and show directions.;2. I hate flying; 20min一 3. Useful words and expressions. 15min 节1. Read aloud the passage; 10min2. Do and explain the exercises. 25min 第3. Review 5 min教学小结作业布置Students have learned the different feelings about traveling and useful expressions.3. Learn by heart of Passage I;4. Preview Passage II and the exercises.二节章节或项目名称 Unit 3- Section 3 Maintain a Sharp EyePassage II授课类型理论实验实训其它√□□□授课进度符合√超前□滞后□停补□1.I’d been班级建筑1321装饰1321地点教B205教B207周次第 12周第 12周星期一一treated like a friend in need;节次7-85-6教学目标 (知识目标/能力目标) 2. different feelings about traveling;3. Key words and expressions.重点与难点1. I’d been treated like a friend in nee d;2. different feelings about traveling;3. Key words and expressions. Teaching and practicing教学方法与手段教学过程(教学环节、各环节要点、时间分配等)1. Review useful words and expressions; 10min2. I’d been treated like a friend in need ; 20min 第3. Useful words and expressions. 10min一节5. Read aloud of the passage; 5min6. Do and explain the exercises; 20min 第7. Retell the last two paragraphs without 10min looking at the book;二 8. Review 5min 节教学小结作业布置Students have learned the different feelings about traveling and useful expressions.3. Review what we have learned;4. Preview and do the exercises in Trying your hand andGrammar.章节或项目名称授课类型理论实验实训其它√□□□教学目标 (知识目标/能力目标) Unit 3- Section 4 Trying your hand and grammar授课进度符合√超前□滞后□停补□班级建筑1321装饰1321地点教B205教B207周次第 12周第 12周星期五五节次5-67-81. Understanding and writing of road and officesigns ;2. Forming of plural nouns;1. Understanding and writing of road and officesigns ;2. Forming of plural nouns;Teaching and practicing教学方法与手段教学过程(教学环节、各环节要点、时间分配等)重点与难点教学小结作业布置1. Review the words and expressions; 10min2. Translate the guiding direction of acompany and the shopper’s guide of a15minshopping mall ;3. Do and explain the exercises. 15min1. Sentence writing and grammar review; 20min2. Do and explain the exercises; 15min3. Review. 5minStudents have learned how to write a congratulation letter and how to use of articles:a,an,the.1. Review what we have learned;2. Remember the new words and impressions;3. Do the exercises in the workbook;4. Preview Unit 4.第一节第二节章节或项目名称Unit4- Section 1 Talking face to face- Section 2 Being all ears 授课类型理论实验实训其它√□□□教学目标 (知识目标/能力目标) 授课进度符合√超前□滞后□停补□班级建筑1321装饰1321地点教B205教B207周次第13周第13周星期一一节次7-85-61. Making/keeping/postponing/putting off anappointment according to a work timetable;2. Making reservations according to a timetable offlights and trains;1. Making/keeping/postponing/putting off anappointment according to a work timetable;2. Making reservations according to a timetable offlights and trains;3. Key words and expressions.Teaching and role play教学方法与手段重点与难点教学过程(教学环节、各环节要点、时间分配等)第一节第1. New words and expressions2. Talking face to face3. Practice the dialogues3. Being All Ears4. Review10min20min10min35min5min教学小结作业布置Students have learned the useful expressions of making reservations according to a timetable of flights and trains.1. Make up dialogues for making an appointment according toa work timetable;2. Do the Put-in-use exercises.3. Preview Passage I and the exercises.二节章节或项目名称授课类型理论实验实训其它√□□□教学目标 (知识目标/能力目标) Unit 4- Section 3 Maintain a Sharp EyePassage I授课进度符合√超前□滞后□停补□班级建筑1321装饰1321地点教B205教B207周次第13周第13周星期五五节次5-67-81. Punctuality and keeping promises in socialactivities;2. Key words and expressions.1. Punctuality and keeping promises in socialactivities;2. Key words and expressions.Teaching and practising教学方法与手段教学过程(教学环节、各环节要点、时间分配等)重点与难点1. Review the useful expressions about 5minhow to make reservations according to a第timetable of flights and trains; 20min2. Punctuality and keeping promises in 15min 一social activities;3. Useful words and expressions.节第1. Read aloud the passage;2. Do and explain the exercises.3. Review10min25min5 min教学小结作业布置Students have learned that it is important to be punctual, to have a strong conception of time in social activities.1. Learn by heart of Passage I;2. Preview Passage II and the exercises.二节章节或项目名称Unit 4- Section 3 Maintain a Sharp EyePassage II授课类型理论实验实训其它√□□□授课进度符合√超前□滞后□停补□1. Methods班级建筑1321装饰1321地点教B205教B207周次第14周第14周of organizing time星期一一节次7-85-6教学目标 (知识2. Key words and expressions. 目标/能力目标)重点与难点1. Methods of organizing time2. Key words and expressions .Teaching and practicing教学方法与手段教学过程(教学环节、各环节要点、时间分配等)第一3. Review useful words and expressions; 10min4. Begin each day with a fresh plan of 20minattack; 10min 5. Read aloud of the passage.节1. Students choose some expressions and 5minsentences from the passage;第二2. Useful words and expressions.3. Do and explain the exercises;4. Review10min20min5min节教学小结作业布置Students have learned the methods of organizing time.1. Review what we have learned;2. Preview and do the exercises in Trying your hand andGrammar.章节或项目名称 Unit4- Section 4 Trying your hand and grammar 授课类型理论实验实训其它√□□□授课进度符合√超前□滞后□停补□班级建筑1321装饰1321地点教B205教B207周次第 14周第 14周星期五五节次5-67-81. Writing a timetable and a schedule;教学目标 (知识 2. Use of verb tenses.目标/能力目标)Use of verb tenses.重点与难点Teaching and practicing教学方法与手段教学过程(教学环节、各环节要点、时间分配等)教学小结作业布置1. Review the words and expressions; 10min2. Ask students to write a timetable and aschedule. 15min15min1. Sentence writing and grammar review; 20min2. Do and explain the exercises; 15min3. Review. 5minStudents have learned how to write a schedule and how to use the verb tenses.1. Review what we have learned;2. Remember the new words and impressions;3. Do the exercises in the workbook;4. Preview Unit5.第一节第二节章节或项目名称 Unit5- Section 1 Talking face to face- Section 2 Being all ears 授课类型理论实验实训其它√□□□教学目标 (知识目标/能力目标)重点与难点授课进度符合√超前□滞后□停补□班级建筑1321装饰1321地点教B205教B207周次第 15周第 15周星期一一节次7-85-61. Understanding the forecast of global or localweather conditions;2. Talking about weather changes.3. Key words and expressions.1. Talking about weather changes.2. Talking about the weather to start a conversation.3. Key words and expressions.Teaching and role play教学方法与手段教学过程(教学环节、各环节要点、时间分配等)第4. New words and expressions5. Talking face to face6. Practice the dialogues10min20min10min 5. Being All Ears 35min第 6. Review 5min教学小结作业布置Students have learned the useful expressions of talking aboutmaking comments on weather conditions.4. Make up dialogues for talkingconditions ;5. Do the Put-in-use exercises.6. Preview Passage I and the exercises.the weather to start a conversation andabout the weather一节二节章节或项目名称 Unit 5- Section 3 Maintain a Sharp EyePassage I授课类型理论实验实训其它√□□□授课进度符合√超前□滞后□停补□班级建筑1321装饰1321地点教B205教B207周次第 15周第 15周星期五五节次5-67-81. Weather report for different places;教学目标 (知识 2. Key words and expressions. 目标/能力目标)重点与难点1. Weather report for different places;2. Key words and expressions. Teaching and practising教学方法与手段教学过程(教学环节、各环节要点、时间分配等)4. Review the key words and useful 5minexpressions第一5. Is it going to be a fine day;6. Useful words and expressions.20min15min节第4. Read aloud the passage;5. Do and explain the exercises.6. Review10min25min5 min教学小结作业布置Students have learned weather report for differentthe useful expressions.1. Learn by heart of Passage I;2. Preview Passage II and the exercises.places and二节章节或项目名称 Unit 5- Section 3 Maintain a Sharp EyePassage II授课类型理论实验实训其它√□□□授课进度符合√超前□滞后□停补□班级建筑1321装饰1321地点教B205教B207周次第 16周第 16周星期一一节次7-85-61. British people ’s habits :talking about the weather教学目标 (知识目标/能力目标)to start a conversation.2. Key words and expressions1. British people’s habits :talking about the weatherto start a conversation.2. Key words and expressionsTeaching and practicing教学方法与手段教学过程(教学环节、各环节要点、时间分配等)重点与难点6. Review useful words and expressions; 10min7. British people like talking about the 20min 第 weather; 10min8. Read aloud of the passage.一节5. Students choose some expressions and 5minsentences from the passage;第二6. Useful words and expressions.7. Do and explain the exercises;8. Review10min20min5min节教学小结作业布置Students have learned the British people’s habits of talking about the weather to start a conversation.3. Review what we have learned;4. Preview and do the exercises in Trying your hand andGrammar.章节或项目名称 Unit5- Section 4 Trying your hand and grammar 授课类型理论实验实训其它√□□□教学目标 (知识目标/能力目标)重点与难点授课进度符合√超前□滞后□停补□班级建筑1321装饰1321地点教B205教B207周次第 16周第 16周星期五五节次5-67-8 Teaching and practicing教学方法与手段教学过程(教学环节、各环节要点、时间分配等)4. Review the words and expressions; 10min5. Translate thank-you note, a第congratulation letter and a letter of 15min apology;一 6. Ask students to write congratulation 15minletter.节第4. Sentence writing and grammar review;5. Do and explain the exercises;6. Review.20min15min5min教学小结作业布置Students have learned how to write a congratulation letter and how to use of articles:a,an,the.8. Review what we have learned;9. Remember the new words and impressions;10. Do the exercises in the workbook;11. Preview Unit 6.二节。
Unit 1 Hello, HiUnit Goals1.Greet people and give responses: first meeting and meeting again2.Exchange personal information: name/address/telephone number/job/study3.Introduce people to each other4.Meet people at the airport5.Say goodbye to others6.Say hello in different languages7.Write a business cardWhat should you know about1.Etiquette of meeting and introducing people2.Etiquette of exchanging business cards3.Basic sentence structuresSection I Talking Face to Face1.Imitating Mini-Talks2.Acting out the Tasks3.Studying Email Information on the Internet4.Following Sample Dialogues5.Putting Language to UseSection II Being All Ears1.Learning Sentences for Workplace Communication2.Handling a Dialogue3.Understanding a Short Speech / T alkSection III Trying your Hand1.Practicing Applied Writing2.Writing Sentences and Reviewing GrammarSection IV Maintaining a Sharp EyePassage 1 :Information Related to the Reading PassageEnglish Expressions Borrowed from FrenchOver the long years, the English language has borrowed a great number of French words or expressions. Some of them have been so absorbed in English that speakers might not realize their origin. Other expressions like “faux pas” have retained their “Frenchness”, with which spe akers tend to sound modern. These expressions are often written in italics. The following are a few French expressions which are commonly used in English.1. Faux Pas: It refers to a socially awkward or tactless act, a foolish mistake, something that should not be done. 失礼2. au pair: A foreign female student who works for a family (cleaning and/or teaching the children) in exchange for room and board. 帮助料理家务换取住宿的外国女学生3. Bon appétit: The closest English equivalent is “Enjoy your meal” . 用餐愉快4. esprit de c orps: It is similar to “group spirit” or “morale”. 团队精神5. rendez-vous: In English it means “go to”. It can be used as a noun or a verb. 约会6. RSVP: This abbreviation stands for Répondez, s'il vous plaît, which means “Respond, please”.敬请回复7. bon voyage: a way of saying goodbye and wishing good luck 一路平安The Business Card: a Social Faux PasYou, like most people, probably have been in such a situation where you are being asked for a business card, and while reaching for it ... and ... oops ... “I'm sorry, I must be out at the moment” or “they must be in my other bag” or “I left them at the office, I'm sorry,” and the conversation continues on with some sort of story about how this “never happens to me” or “I knew I was forgetting something this morning ...”Missed connections are missed opportunities for business. Business cards are a useful marketing tool, and an easy one to have with you at all times. Not having your cards can be seen as being unprepared to market yourself and your business. Don't start that new contact leaving them thinking “that person is already unprepared”.“Never leave home without it ...” There are so many things we often have to remember in this go-go world we are living in … but your business cards should ALWAYS be with you.Here are a few tips for you to go take care of this right now, so you don't get caught in this situation:✧ If you don't have a job, get Networking Cards.✧ If you are employed, and haven't had new cards in 2 or more years,it couldbe time for an update: info update and photo update ...✧ Perhaps set a goal of handing out 5 cards a day.✧ Practice what you will say when handing them out. On a daily basis, there are so many opportunities to do so. Grocery store lines, coffee shops, waiting on your car wash, meetings, and even the dog park!✧ Ask your network to network with and for you also by handing out a few!Work smarter, not necessarily harder!Language Points1 Explanation of Difficult Sentences1. (Para. 2) Missed connections are missed opportunities for business. Analysis: Missed is a verb's past participle used here as an adjective. The repeated use of the same word could bring out a stronger effect. Translation: 错失了联系就错失了商机。
Unit OneI. Lead-inMovie ClipWatch the following video and then do the exercise. Y ou can find the interpretation of some words and phrases in "Word Bank".Book 6 Unit 1.mp4 (00:00 – 02:33)Script- See?- So this is where the tree went.- What?- Interesting.- What's so interesting?- These branches don't have a single leaf.- Y ou know, I noticed that, too.- Jack. Look at the tree and say something.- Say what? What's so funny?- This is amazing. Don't you see?- Hey, you know, it almost seems like every time I say something, some of the ... Hello? Hel ...lo! I want my baby back, baby back, baby back. I want my baby back, baby back ribs. Shit!Hey, how are you doing this?- Me? I'm doing nothing. Y ou and this tree are now connected.- Connected?- It seems like all your talking is making you sick.- Hey, my talking is not making me sick.- Oh, really? What happens when a tree loses all its leaves, Jack?- So what are you trying to say, Sinja?- It's obvious to me. The more you talk, the more leaves fall, the sicker you get.- The sicker I get? So what happens if all the leaves fall off the tree?- That usually means the tree is dead.- Hey, wait a second. Hold on a second. Y ou're telling me that you think whatever happens to the tree happens to me?- Y es.- So I could die.- Y es, but you would die in the most amazing way possible.- I could die?- Or someone could turn you into a coffee table.- Hey, Sinja, you know, you're a real funny dude to stand here making jokes when my life is being controlled by this magic tree. How many leaves do you think are left on this tree?- A thousand.- So what I got? A thousand words left?- Now you have 993. One word, one leaf.(From A Thousand Words)W ord Bankdude:an informal form of address for a man 伙计、哥们Exercise1.It is interesting that Jack and the tree _________________.A. can communicateB. are of the same ageC. come from the same placeD. are connected2.At the end of the conversation, Jack has ___________ words to say before he dies.A. 993B. 995C. 997D. 1,000Key: 1. D 2. AInspirational QuotesWhen ideas fail, words come in very handy.— Johann Wolfgang von GoetheDiscussionIf you are to describe your campus life in only one word, what is it? Then tell us why you choose that particular word.II. T ext IPre-reading Questions1.Y ou may have kept in your memory some words, phrases or even whole sentences that are ofgreat wisdom and can serve as guidelines in your life. Share them with your classmates and discuss their value.2.The two words that, as the author of the text suggests, should be avoided are "if only", and thetwo be remembered are "next time". Can you guess, before you read the text, what message the author intends to convey to the reader with such a suggestion?General ReadingI. Judge which of the following best states the purpose of the article.A. To explain how Freud's psychotherapy works.B. To demonstrate the power of positive thinking.C. To call attention to the importance of the choice of words.Key: BII. Judge whether the following statements are true or false.1.That wintry afternoon, the author was in a bad mood and he happened to meet an old friendof his in a French restaurant in Manhattan.2.The Old Man asked the author to go to his office because he thought that the office was abetter place than the restaurant for their talk.3.The three speakers on the tape had all been unfavorably affected by what had happened tothem.4.In the Old Man's opinion, it was a bad way of thinking always to regret what one had done orhad not done.Key: 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. TBackground Notes1.Manhattan, an island near the mouth of the Hudson River, is a borough of New Y ork City, insoutheastern New Y ork State, U.S.A. Commercial and cultural heart of the city, Manhattan is the site of the Metropolitan Opera House, Carnegie Hall, the City Center of Music and Drama, and numerous other music institutions.2.Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) is an Austrian physician and the founder of psychoanalysis.Freud explored the workings of the human mind and developed psychoanalysis as a therapeutic technique to treat neurosis or mental disturbances.Text StudyTextTwo W ords to Avoid, Two to RememberArthur Gordon1 Nothing in life is more exciting and rewarding than the sudden flash of insight that leaves you a changed person —not only changed, but changed for the better. Such moments are rare, certainly, but they come to all of us. Sometimes from a book, a sermon, a line of poetry. Sometimes from a friend ...2 That wintry afternoon in Manhattan, waiting in the little French restaurant, I was feeling frustrated and depressed. Because of several miscalculations on my part, a project of considerable importance in my life had fallen through. Even the prospect of seeing a dear friend (the Old Man, as I privately and affectionately thought of him) failed to cheer me as it usually did. I sat there frowning at the checkered tablecloth, chewing the bitter cud of hindsight.3 He came across the street, finally, muffled in h is ancient overcoat, shapeless felt hat pulled down over his bald head, looking more like an energetic gnome than an eminent psychiatrist. His offices were nearby; I knew he had just left his last patient of the day. He was close to 80, but he still carried a full case load, still acted as director of a large foundation, still loved to escape to the golf course whenever he could.4 By the time he came over and sat beside me, the waiter had brought his invariable bottle of ale. I had not seen him for several months, but he seemed as indestructible as ever. "Well, young man," he said without preliminary, "what's troubling you?"5 I had long since ceased to be surprised at his perceptiveness. So I proceeded to tell him, at some length, just what was bothering me. With a kind of melancholy pride, I tried to be very honest. I blamed no one else for my disappointment, only myself. I analyzed the whole thing, all the bad judgments, the false moves. I went on for perhaps 15 minutes, while the Old Man sipped his ale in silence.6 When I finished, he put down his glass. "Come on," he said. "Let's go back to my office."7 "Y our office? Did you forget something?"8 "No," he said mildly. "I want your reaction to something. That's all."9 A chill rain was beginning to fall outside, but his office was warm and comfortable and familiar: book-lined walls, long leather couch, signed photograph of Sigmund Freud, tape recorder by the window. His secretary had gone home. We were alone.10 The Old Man took a tape from a flat cardboard box and fitted it onto the machine. "On this tape," he said, "are three short recordings made by three persons who came to me for help. They are not identified, of course. I want you to listen to the recordings and see if you can pick out the two-word phrase that is the common denominator in all three cases." He smiled. "Don't look so puzzled. I have my reasons."11 What the owners of the voices on the tape had in common, it seemed to me, was unhappiness. The man who spoke first evidently had suffered some kind of business loss or failure; he berated himself for not having worked harder, for not having looked ahead. The woman who spoke next had never married because of a sense of obligation to her widowed mother; she recalled bitterly all the marital chances she had let go by. The third voice belonged to a mother whose teen-age son was in trouble with the police; she blamed herself endlessly.12 The Old Man switched off the machine and leaned back in his chair. "Six times in those recordings a phrase is used that's full of subtle poison. Did you spot it? No? Well, perhaps that's because you used it three times yourself down in the restaurant a little while ago." He picked up the box that had held the tape and tossed it over to me. "There they are, right on the label. The two saddest words in any language."13 I looked down. Printed neatly in red ink were the words: If only.14 "Y ou'd be amazed," said the Old Man, "if you knew how many thousands of times I've sat in this chair and listened to woeful sentences beginning with those two words. 'If only,' they say to me, 'I had done it differently — or not done it at all. If only I hadn't lost my temper, said the cruel thing, made that dishonest move, told that foolish lie. If only I had been wiser, or more unselfish, or more self-controlled.' They go on and on until I stop them. Sometimes I make them listen to the recordings you just heard. 'If only,' I say to them, 'you'd stop saying if only, we might begin to get somewhere!'"15 The Old Man stretched out his legs. "The trouble with 'if only,'" he said, "is that it doesn't change anything. It keeps the person facing the wrong way —backward instead of forward. It wastes time. In the end, if you let it become a habit, it can become a real roadblock, an excuse for not trying any more.16 "Now take your own case: your plans didn't work out. Why? Because you made certain mistakes. Well, that's all right: everyone makes mistakes. Mistakes are what we learn from. But when you were telling me about them, lamenting this, regretting that, you weren't really learning from them."17 "How do you know?" I said, a bit defensively.18 "Because," said the Old Man, "you never got out of the past tense. Not once did you mention the future. And in a way — be honest, now! — you were enjoying it. There's a perverse streak in all of us that makes us like to hash over old mistakes. After all, when you relate the story of some disaster or disappointment that has happened to you, you're still the chief character, still in the center of the stage."19 I shook my head ruefully. "Well, what's the remedy?"20 "Shift the focus," said the Old Man promptly. "Change the key words and substitute a phrasethat supplies lift instead of creating drag."21 "Do you have such a phrase to recommend?"22 "Certainly. Strike out the words 'if only'; substitute the phrase 'next time.'"23 "Next time?"24 "That's right. I've seen it work minor miracles right here in this room. As long as a patient keeps saying 'if only' to me, he's in trouble. But when he looks me in the eye and says 'next time,' I know he's on his way to overcoming his problem. It means he has decided to apply the lessons he has learned from his experience, however grim or painful it may have been. It means he's going to push aside the roadblock of regret, move forward, take action, resume living. Try it yourself. Y ou'll see."25 My old friend stopped speaking. Outside, I could hear the rain whispering against the windowpane. I tried sliding one phrase out of my mind and replacing it with the other. It was fanciful, of course, but I could hear the new words lock into place with an audible click....26 The Old Man stood up a bit stiffly. "Well, class dismissed. It has been good to see you, young man. Always is. Now, if you will help me find a taxi, I probably should be getting on home."27 We came out of the building into the rainy night. I spotted a cruising cab and ran toward it, but another pedestrian was quicker.28 "My, my," said the Old Man slyly. "If only we had come down ten seconds sooner, we'd have caught that cab, wouldn't we?"29 I laughed and picked up the cue. "Next time I'll run faster."30 "That's it," cried the Old Man, pulling his absurd hat down around his ears. "That's it exactly!"31 Another taxi slowed. I opened the door for him. He smiled and waved as it moved away. I never saw him again. A month later, he died of a sudden heart attack, in full stride, so to speak.32 More than a year has passed since that rainy afternoon in Manhattan. But to this day, whenever I find myself thinking "if only", I change it to "next time". Then I wait for that almost-perceptible mental click. And when I hear it, I think of the Old Man.33 A small fragment of immortality, to be sure. But it's the kind he would have wanted.W ords and Phrases1.prospect n. sth. one expects to happen; a possibility or likelihood of sth. happeninge.g. I look forward to the prospect of being a volunteer doing social work in the GreatNorthwest.There is a reasonable prospect of reaching the trapped miners within the next 24 hours.prospects pl. — opportunitiese.g. Most people are not quite optimistic about the prospects for/of employment.Don't think too much how the job pays now. What really matters is that it holds good prospects.2.eminent adj.famous and respected within a particular profession, e.g. eminentdoctor/surgeon/scientist, etc.3.invariable adj. never changinge.g. The invariable question the mother asked her child after school every day was: "How dideverything go today?"4.proceed v. begin a course of actione.g. After the preparations had been made, we proceeded to draft the plan.5.at some length: (formal) in some detaile.g. She described to us her trip to New Zealand at some length.cf. at length— after a long time; at laste.g. He thought over the mathematical problem day and night and solved it at length.6.false move: an unwise action that turns out to be a mistake and brings one risks or failuree.g. Be very careful with the designing of the plan; a false move and it will fall through.7.berate v. (formal) scold or criticize angrily because of a faulte.g. Don't berate anyone just because he has made a mistake. Don't we all make mistakesfrom time to time?ment v. feel or express deep sorrow (for or because of sth.)e.g. One should not lament the past mistakes, but should try to do better later.9.ruefully adv. regretfullye.g. He faced his recent failure ruefully.10.promptly adv. quickly, at oncee.g. He always responded to the customers' requests promptly.11.grim adj. harsh, unpleasant, dreadfule.g. He was depressed when he heard the grim news that two-thirds of the workforce might bedischarged.Notes1.the sudden flash of insight that leaves you a changed person: the quick and spontaneousunderstanding that makes you a different persona flash of insight— an understanding that comes to one suddenly and quicklyleave (with object and adverbial or complement) —cause (object) to be or to remain in a particular state or positione.g. Buying an expensive car has left the family penniless.The children were left in the care of the nanny.2. chewing the bitter cud of hindsight: thinking repeatedly about the painful realization ofwhat had happenedLiterally cud means "partly digested food returned from the first stomach of ruminants to the mouth for further chewing" (反刍的食物). When an animal chews the cud, it chews further the partly digested food. When a person chews the cud, he thinks about somethingreflectively.e.g. He chewed the cud for a long while before he set pen to paper.hindsight— understanding the reasons for an event or situation only after it has happenede.g. The accident could have been avoided with the wisdom of hindsight.With hindsight they should not have left their little daughter alone in the country villa.3.he still carried a full case load: he still kept himself fully occupied in the treatment of hispatientscase load— the number of patients a doctor has to deal with4.I had long since ceased to be surprised at his perceptiveness.: I had long before come toknow that he was good at perceiving how others thought and felt; so I was not at all surprised when he noticed my troubled state.perceptiveness(n.) — unusual ability to notice and understand; awareness and understandinge.g. We all admired his perceptiveness; he was always so quick to respond to a new situation.5.With a kind of melancholy pride: Apparently the author was still proud of his "project ofconsiderable importance", though he was sad because of "several miscalculations on his part".mon denominator: This is a term used in mathematics, meaning "the common multipleof the denominator of several fractions" (公分母). In this context, it means "the characteristic shared by the three persons", i.e. the phrase if only was used by all three of them.7.all the marital chances she had let go by: all the chances for her to get married she hadmissedlet (sth.) go by— lose sth.e.g. The short course is a good opportunity for you to learn a skill. Don't let it go by.8.There's a perverse streak in all of us that makes us like to hash over old mistakes.:There's an obstinately unreasonable quality in all of us which makes us enjoy bringing up old mistakes again for consideration.perverse—(of a person or one's actions) showing an obstinate desire to behave in an unreasonable waye.g. We just couldn't understand her perverse decision against the majority.streak— an element of a specified kind in one's character (性格行为的)倾向, an often unpleasant characteristice.g. Her streak of stubbornness makes her difficult to get along with.hash over— (slang) bring up (sth.) again for consideratione.g. What has been done cannot be undone. Don't hash over past mistakes. Cheer up and tryto do better next time.9.substitute a phrase that supplies lift instead of creating drag: use a phrase (in place of ifonly) that provides encouragement that pushes you forward instead of discouragement that pulls you backwardsubstitute (v.) — use (sth.) in place of (sth. else)e.g. The old lady suffers from diabetes, so she substitutes saccharine for sugar/so shesubstitutes sugar with saccharine.substitute (n.) — a person or thing acting or used in place of anothere.g. The actress's substitute performed as well as the actress herself.10.when he looks me in the eye: when he looks directly at me without showing embarrassment,fear, or shame11.I could hear the new words lock into place with an audible click: I could sense the newwords firmly fixed in my mind without any doubt12.that almost-perceptible mental click: the reminder provided by the Old Man that canroughly be felt in the mind13.a small fragment of immortality: a small piece of advice to be remembered foreverQuestions1.How were the author and the old man related?Key: The old man was an eminent psychiatrist and the author was a client of his.2.According to the author, how much did the session with his psychiatrist friend that afternoonmean to him? (para. 1)Key: To him, the session was just like "a flash of insight that leaves him a changed person —not only changed, but changed for the better."3.Why did the old man let the author listen to the three speakers on the tape? (para.15)Key:The three speakers on the tape were all unhappy, and the two words they all used frequently in what they said were "if only". What the old man wanted to point out to the author was that to keep saying "if only" would not change anything; on the contrary, it only kept the person facing the wrong way — backward instead of forward. Thus it did more harm than good to the person who kept saying them.4.What did the old man advise the author to do to get out of his depressed state of mind? (para.20)Key: Shift the focus; substitute "next time" for "if only".5.In what way are the two phrases "if only" and "next time" different? (para. 20)Key: They point to entirely different mental directions; one is backward and negative, and the other forward and positive.6.What do you think is the tone of the passage?Key: It is instructive and inspirational.Activity1.Failures and setbacks are an inevitable part of our life. Tell your classmates about one such"unfortunate" experience and how you managed to get back on your feet.Sentence patterns for your referenceWhen I was ... I met ...It is true that life is ...In spite of the ..., I ...2.Discuss the "flash of insight" Gordon suddenly got. What psychological effect did this pieceof advice produce on Gordon? Do you believe that one's mentality is an essential factor when one is unfortunately thrown into adversity? Give examples to support your view.Sentence patterns for your referenceIn case one meets ..., it is essential that ...As in Gordon's case, ...An example to show ... is that ...Organization and DevelopmentNarrationIn terms of mode of development, the present text is basically a narration, in which the author, Arthur Gordon, relates his meeting with his psychiatrist friend "the Old Man".Characteristics of NarrationThe purpose of a narration is to recount an event or a series of events; therefore it is usually chronological in its arrangement of details. The chief purpose of narration is to interest and entertain, though, of course, it may be used to instruct and inform.Narrative Structure of the T extGordon's purpose of writing, obviously, is not just to tell what happened during his meeting with his friend, but, more importantly, to instruct. The instructive significance of the story is made clear in the first paragraph. In the first few lines Gordon has already made it clear to the reader that what he is going to do is to tell how "the sudden flash of insight that leaves you a changed person — not only changed, but changed for the better — ... Sometimes from a friend."In the first three paragraphs, which serve as a kind of introduction to the narration, we learn something about the physical circumstances for the meeting, i.e. the time —one rainy wintry afternoon, and the place — a French restaurant in Manhattan; the author's somber mood caused by his failure to complete an important project; and also something about the Old Man — his age, his profession, and perhaps more importantly, his positive attitude towards life.The last two paragraphs form a sort of conclusion, in which what the author has learned from his friend, which is also what he wants his readers to learn, is explicitly stated: ... whenever I find myself thinking "if only", I change it to "next time".III. T ext IIText StudyTextThe Romance of W ordsWilfred Funk and Norman Lewis1 From now on we want you to look at words intently, to be inordinately curious about them and to examine them syllable by syllable, letter by letter. They are your tools of understanding and self-expression. Collect them. Keep them in condition. Learn how to handle them. Develop a fastidious, but not a fussy, choice. Work always towards good taste in their use. Train your ear for their harmonies.2 We urge you not to take words for granted just because they have been part of your daily speech since childhood. Y ou must examine them. Turn them over and over, and see the seal and superscription on each one, as though you were handling a coin. We would like you actually to fall in love with words.3 Words, as you know, are not dead things. They are fairly wriggling with life. They are the exciting and mysterious tokens of our thoughts, and like human beings, they are born, come to maturity, grow old and die, and sometimes they are even re-born in a new age. A word, from its birth to its death, is a process, not a static thing.4 Words, like living trees, have roots, branches and leaves.5 Shall we stay with this analogy for a few moments, and see how perfect it is?6 The story of the root of a word is the story of its origin. The study of origins is called etymology, which in turn has its roots in the Greek word etymon meaning "true" and the Greek ending — logia meaning "knowledge." So etymology means the true knowledge of words.7 Every word in our language is a frozen metaphor, a frozen picture. It is this poetry behind words that gives language its overwhelming power. And the more intimately we know the romance that lies within each word, the better understanding we will have of its meaning.8 For instance, on certain occasions you will probably say that you have "calculated" the cost of something or other. What does this term "calculate" really mean? Here is the story. Y ears ago, ancient Romans had an instrument called a hodometer, or "road measurer," which corresponds to our modern taximeter. If you had hired a two-wheeled Roman vehic le to ride, say, to the Forum, you might have found in the back a tin can with a revolving cover that held a quantity of pebbles. This can was so contrived that each time the wheel turned the metal cover also revolved and a pebble dropped through a hole into the receptacle below. At the end of your trip you counted the pebbles and calculated your bill. Y ou see the Latin word for pebble was calculus, and that's where our word "calculate" comes from.9 There are, of course, many words with much simpler histories than this. When you speak of a "surplus," for instance, you are merely saying that you have a sur (French for "over") plus (French for "more") or a sur-plus. That is, you have an "over-more" than you need.10 Should you be in a snooty mood for the nonce, and happen to look at someone rather haughtily, your friends might call you supercilious, a word which comes from the Latin supercilium, meaning that "eyebrow" you just raised. That person you are so fond of, who hasbecome your companion, — [cum (Latin for "with") and panis (Latin for "bread")] — is simply one who eats bread with you. That's all. Again, "trumps" in bridge is from the French "triomphe" or triumph, an old-time game of cards. In modern cards one suit is allowed to triumph over, or to "trump" the other suits. And still again, in the army, the lieutenant is literally one who takes the place of the captain when the latter is not around. From the French lieu (we use it in "in lieu of") and tenir, "to hold." The captain, in turn, derives from the Latin word caput (head); colonel comes from columna (the "column" that he leads).11 If, by any chance, you would like to twit your friend, the Wall Street broker, just tell him that his professional title came from the Middle English word brocour, a broacher, or one who opens, or broaches, a cask to draw off the wine or liquor. We still employ the same word in the original sense when we say "he broached (or opened up) the subject." Finally the broacher, or broker, became a salesman of wine. Then of other things, such as stocks and bonds.12 These are the roots of words. We next come to the branches. The branches of our language tree are those many groups of words that have grown out from one original root.13 Let's take an example. The Latin term spectare which means "to see" contains the root spec, and from this one root have sprouted more than 240 English words. We find the root hidden in such words as spectacles, those things you "see" through; in respect, the tribute you give to a person you care to "see" again; inspect, "to see" into; disrespect (dis —unwilling; re —again; spec — to see) therefore, when you treat someone with disrespect, you make it plain that you do not care to see him again; introspection, looking or seeing within; spectator, one who "sees" or watches.14 Turning to the Greek language, which has so largely enriched our own, we discover the root appearing in English as graph. This means "to write" and has been a prolific source of words for us. We have telegraph, which literally means "far writing"; phonograph, "soundwriting"; photograph, "light-writing"; stenographer, one who does "condensed writing"; a graphic description, one that is just as clear and effective as though it had been written down; mimeograph, "to write a copy or imitation."15 We have in our language a host of roots such as these. There is the Latin spirare, meaning "to blow or breathe," from which we get such English words as inspire (breathe into); expire (breathe out); perspire (breathe through); respiration (breathing again or often). And there is also our word "liable" that comes from the Latin ligare, "to bind." This fascinating root lig has branched out into oblige and obligate (to bind to do something); ligature (bandage or binding); ligament (something that ties two things together); and, with the root no longer so obvious, "league" (those nations or other organizations that are bound together); and even the word "ally" which is from ad and ligare, to bind to one another.16 These, then, are the branches. We turn now to the leaves. If the roots are the origins of words and the branches are the word families that stem out of them, the leaves of this language tree would be the words themselves and their meanings.17 Each given word, in its beginning, had, no doubt, only one meaning. But words are so full of life that they are continually sprouting the green shoots of new meanings.18 Shall we choose just one word as an instance of the amazing vitality of language? The simple three letter word run, up to this moment of writing, has more than 90 dictionary definitions. There is the run in your stocking and the run on the bank and a run in baseball. The clock may run down but you run up a bill. Colors run. Y ou may run a race or run a business or you may have the run of。