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译林版高中英语选修8学案 例句精讲 Unit1

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例句精讲1. In 1995, Clueless, the award-winning film based on Jane Austen’s novel Emma, was released.1995年，《无影无踪》公映，这部获奖影片就是根据简·奥斯汀的小说《爱玛》改编的。

【巧解句构】这个句子运用了award-winning复合形容词和过去分词短语based on Jane来作film的定语，分词短语意思上当于which/that was based on...这样一个定语从句。

【要点剖析】分词作定语的时候很多，有的单独作定语：This is a rather complicated problem.这是一个相当复杂的问题。

有时分词还可以构成合成词作定语：Chairman Mao lived in a simply-furnished room.毛主席住在一个陈设简单的房间里。

分词短语作定语一般置于所修饰的名(代)词后面，相当于一个定语从句。

Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed (who was dressed) in green.突然出现了一个穿绿色衣服的女青年。

【拓展延伸】1)to be done，being done和done三种形式作定语可表达不同时间概念。

如：The houses being built are for the teachers.(正在被建造)The house built last year are for the teachers.(已建造完成)The houses to be built next month are for the teachers.(即将建造)2)复合形容词的构成①well-known著名的；newly-built新建的②dark-blue深蓝的;red-hot炽热的③-ingfunny-looking长相滑稽的;easy-going随和的④hard-won来之不易的;ready-made现成的⑤-edwarm-hearted热心肠的;middle-aged中年的⑥high-quality高素质的;second-hand二手的⑦life-long终身的;world-watering令人垂涎的⑧-ingpeace-loving爱好和平的;mouth-watering令人垂涎的⑨man-made人造的;self-employed自主创业的⑩-ediron-willed钢铁般意志的;chicken-hearted胆怯的○11-inghard-working勤劳的;well-meaning善意的○12-edfour-storeyed四层楼的;three-legged三条腿的○13five-year五年的;first-class一流的3)base sth. on/upon sth.以……为基础(或根据)也可用作be based on结构。

如：The movie is based on a real-life incident.这部电影以现实生活中的一件事为基础。

另外based还可表示“在……居住(工作)；驻地(总部)在……如：a New York-based company总部设在纽约的公司2. Pip’s sister seldom has a kind word to say, but Joe is a kind and simple man, who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.皮普的姐姐几乎没有什么善言好语，但乔却是一个善良淳朴的人，他宁愿死也不愿看到皮普受到任何伤害。

【巧解句构】本句属于并列句型，第二个分句中包含一个非限制性定语从句who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip。

句中would rather do...than do...意思是“宁愿……也不愿……”。

又如：He would rather die than surrender.他宁死不屈。

【拓展延伸】类似的结构还有：would do rather than do宁可……也不……would rather do than do宁可……也不……prefer to do rather than do宁可……也不……would rather not do宁愿不做……【辨析比较】rather than而不是；宁愿……而不……1)此词组为一个连词词组，可分开使用，常用来连接两个并列成分，表示在两者之间进行选择。

We ought to check up rather than just accept what he says.我们应该核实一下，而不是他说什么就信什么。

2)连接两个形容词，构成两个表语；或连接两个时间副词，构成状语。

These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.这些鞋子穿起来很舒服，可不够漂亮。

He would prefer to come in August rather than in July.他想八月来，而不愿七月来。

3)连接两个代词、名词或者动名词。

His mother is a teacher rather than an artist.他母亲是一个教师，而不是一个艺术家。

It ought to be me rather than you that should sign the letters.在信上签名的该是我，而不是你。

I love swimming rather than skating.我喜欢游泳而不喜欢溜冰。

other than不同于……；非……；除了……no other than除……外没有；只有；正是or rather或者更确切地说(当纠正已说过的话或欲使其确切时)I borrowed some books rather than novels.我借了几本书，都不是小说。

He has no other choice than to give in.他毫无选择，只有投降。

注意：would rather和would sooner可以接宾语从句，从句中常用虚拟语气，谓语动词用过去时形式表示现在和将来的内容，用过去完成时形式表示过去的内容。

如：I’d rather you went home now.我倒宁愿你现在就回家。

I would rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。

I would rather you had stayed at home last night.我宁愿你昨天晚上待在家里。

3. Excited by his move to London, Pip can hardly wait to begin his new life.兴奋地搬到伦敦之后，皮普迫不及待地开始了新的生活。

【巧解句构】这是一个由分词短语excited by his move to London作状语的简单句，句中can hardly wait to do sth.表示急切地/迫不及待地干某事。

【要点剖析】过去分词短语可以作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、伴随状语、方式状语等，如：Born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling.他出身于贫寒家庭，只受了两年教育。

(原因状语)Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful.从山上往下看，这个城市很漂亮。

(时间/方式状语)Given a chance, I can surprise the world.(条件状语)给我一个机会，我会使整个世界惊讶。

The teacher came into the classroom, followed by some students.(伴随状语)老师走进了教室，后面跟着一些学生。

【拓展延伸】1)分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致并形成一定的逻辑关系，否则不能使用分词作状语。

但有些分词短语常用作独立成分，其形式的选择不受上、下文主语的逻辑关系影响。

如：Generally speaking, boys are more interested in such activities than girls.一般说来，男孩比女孩更对这类活动感兴趣。

Judging from his accent, he must be from the south.听他的口音他必定是南方人。

Supposing (Suppose) he is absent, what shall we do?假使他不在，我们怎么办？Granting (Granted) that you’ve made some progress you should be modest.即使你有一些进步也要谦虚。

2)can’t wait/can hardly wait: used when you are emphasiz ing that sb. is very excited about sth. or keen to do it.迫不及待……如：The children can’t wait for Christmas to come.孩子们等圣诞节都等不及了。

常见wait短语结构：keep sb. waiting让人久等；使人耽搁wait and see耐心等待，等着瞧wait on sb.伺候，服侍，招待(尤指进餐)wait up (for sb.)熬夜，不睡觉(等人回家)(just) You wait.(用以加强威胁，警告或允诺的语气)你就等着吧，你就等着瞧吧！4. Pip is about eighteen years old when this happens, and the fortune sets him free from financial worries.当时皮普大约18岁，这笔钱使他不用为经济问题而担忧了。

【巧解句构】句中短语free from意思是“不受……伤害(或影响等)”。

又如：From then on, the old couple lived in the quiet village free from fear of war.从那以后，老夫妇俩就生活在这个宁静的村子里，远离对战争的恐惧。

It was several weeks before he was completely free of pain.过了几个星期他的疾痛才完全消除。

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高中英语译林版选修8教学案：Unit 1 Section 3

高中英语译林版选修8教学案：Unit 1 Section 3

Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Pin (固定) the pieces together before sewing them.2．He put the letter in a red envelope (信封), and mailed it.3．Some people are still in the water, waiting to be rescued (救援)．4．There have been rumours that the band will reunite (再联合) for a world tour.5．The government has decided to reform (改革) the health system.6．No matter what the results of the home-made (自制的) gift look like, remember it's the thought that counts.7．The film ended most satisfactorily: vice (邪恶) punished and virtue rewarded.8．The use of nuclear weapons is a horrible threat (威胁) to human beings.Ⅱ.拓展词汇1．millionaire_ n．百万富翁→million n．百万2．resist v i. &v t.反抗，抵制，抵挡→resistance n．反抗；抵制[巧记单词]派生词millionaire →million＋-aireresistance →resist＋-anceⅢ.补全短语1．come to one's rescue救援某人；帮助某人2．far from远非，几乎相反3．as for关于4．have great appeal to对……有极大的吸引力5．free from免于/不受……的伤害/影响；没有……；不……6．draw attention to引起对……的注意7．head for向……走去8．fall under the control of 落入……的手中，被……所控制9．pick up拾起10．at the sight of 看到，一看到1．[教材原句]English literature, especially English fiction, is of great significance in the literary world.英国文学，尤其是英国科幻小说，在文学界具有非常重要的意义。

高二英语译林版选修8学案：语法解读 Unit1 Thewritten

高二英语译林版选修8学案：语法解读 Unit1 Thewritten

语法解读Negative statements 否定陈述我们有很多不同的方式进行否定表达。

最常见的就是用否定词no, not, never, neither, nothing, nobody等。

我们一般将否定表达形式归为以下几类：1.auxiliary verb+not(助动词+not)具体形式为：主语+谓语(be, have或助动词，情态动词+not...)如：China is not a developed country.中国不是一个发达国家。

He has not finished the experiment.他还没做完实验。

He will not come to the party because of his illness.因为生病，他将不参加晚会。

Don’t waste your money.不要浪费你的钱。

2.not 与带有否定前缀或否定后缀的单词连用，表达肯定的意思，但语气没有用直接肯定式表达那么强。

如：1)Since we have spent too much money, it seems impossible not to carry on this project.既然我们已经花了那么多钱，这项工程看来不进行下去是不可能的。

2)This is not uncommon.这种现象不是不常见的。

This is quite common.这种现象很常见。

第二种表达语气要强于第一种。

3)It’s not unfair to praise him.(It’s fair to praise him.)不表扬他是不公正的(表扬他是公正的)。

4)The young mustn’t be so unreasonable to the old.年轻人不应当对老年人如此无礼。

The young must be reasonable to the old.年轻人应当对老年人有礼貌。

常见的构成否定词的前缀和后缀有：①dis-否定、相对、相反喜欢不喜欢)出现消失)同意不同意)掩盖发现)遵从不遵从)be相信不相信)诚实不诚实)有利条件;优点不利条件;缺点)②in-不direct→indirect不直接的correct→incorrect不正确的complete→incomplete不全的visible→invisible看不见的active→inactive不活跃的③im-不possible→impo ssible不可能的polite→impolite不礼貌的perfect→imperfect不完美的④un-不able→unable无能力的usual→unusual不寻常的healthy→unhealthy不健康的known→unknown不知道的sold→unsold未售完的successful→unsuccessful不成功的fair→unfair不公平的certain→uncertain不肯定的happy→unhappy不高兴的common→uncommon不普通的equ al→unequal不平等的natural→unnatural不自然的real→unreal不真实的fortunately→unfortunately不幸地kind→unkind不仁慈的comfortable→uncomfortable不舒服的easy→uneasy不安的interesting→uninteresting没有趣的important→unimportant不重要的necessary→unnecessary不必要的pleasant→unpleasant令人不快的⑤il-,ir-不；无非regular→irregular不规则的legal→illegal不合法的logical→illogical不合逻辑的⑥ab-脱离；反常absent，abusenormal-abnormal不正常的⑦non-不；非；无nonsmoker不抽烟的nohuman非人类的⑧后缀-less-没有……的care仔细→careless不仔细的cord线→cordless无线的end终点→endless无止境的hope希望→hopeless绝望的home家→homeless无家可归的job工作→jobless无业的help帮助→helpless无助的wire导线→wireless无线的3.not与表示时间或距离的短语连用，有时也可与名词短语(包括数量等)连用，目的是为强调这个短语的否定含义。

高二英语译林版选修8学案：语法详解Unit1 Thewrittenword含解析

高二英语译林版选修8学案：语法详解Unit1 Thewrittenword含解析

四、语法详解否定陈述否定陈述即含有否定词的陈述句.否定陈述可经常被用来纠正一个错误的观念。

例：Money does not buy happiness.金钱买不来幸福。

在这个句子中，金钱买来幸福的错误观念得到了改正。

否定陈述的构成形式1.助动词+not构成例：They might not have been written last year。

他们不可能是去年写的.I don't think so.我不这样认为.He does not have lunch at home.他不在家里吃午饭。

2。

用具有否定意义的词表达常用的否定意义的词有no（不；没有）none(无人；没有任何东西)nobody(没人；谁也不），nothing（没有东西；什么也没有），nowhere （哪儿也不），nohow（绝不；毫不),nowise（一点儿也不),neither（两者皆不），never(永不；从不），dislike(不喜欢）,disagree（不同意），useless（没有用），unimportant（不重要），及短语out of…，far from…，too…to…等：No one is in the classroom.教室里没人。

I like neither.两个我都不喜欢。

He never tells a lie。

他从不撒谎.The book is useless。

这本书没有用。

She dislikes him.她不喜欢他。

The machine is out of work.这台机器不能工作了。

He is too young to go to school.她太小，还不能上学。

注意：有时not与带有否定前缀的形容词连用,可表示一种肯定意义。

例:It’s not uncommon to find her reading the newspaper。

发现她在读报纸是常见的事。

3.有些总括性代词、形容词或副词等和not连用时，表示半否定(也称部分否定）；这类总括词有all（一切；全体），both(二者；两）,each 或every（每个；人人），everyone(每个人;人人），everything(每件事；每件东西）,everywhere(每个地方；各地）,always(总是)，altogether（全体），wholly(全部）等：Both are not correct。

英语：unit1 the written word-reading学案(牛津译林版选修8)

英语：unit1 the written word-reading学案(牛津译林版选修8)

M8 U1 The written wordReading学案第一部分：重点讲解1. received adj. 被承认的；被认可的；公认的be well received with 很受……欢迎这位歌手很受学生们的欢迎。

Answer: The singer is well received with the students练练吧！1.我昨天收到了李红给我的生日礼物.2.这个节目很受观众的欢迎.Answers: 1. I received a birthday present from LiHong yesterday.2. The programme is well received with the audience.2. have nothing to do with与……无关;与……没来往这与你无关.我劝你不要与那人来往.Answers: 1. This has nothing to do with you.2. I advise you to have nothing with that man.练练吧！1.He (不在乎钱).2.She got the tickets (免费).3.I could (不了解) what he said.4.She (只是) a child.5.The dress is (完全不同) the one they advised.6.He (认为……不算啥)a twenty-mile walk.7.------Anything interesting happening?------No, ______.A.something ofB. nothing ofC. something muchD. nothing of Answers:1.care nothing for money2. for nothing3. make nothing of4. is nothing but5. nothing like6. thinks nothing of7. B3. have a place in…在……中占一席之地练练吧！1.史密斯先生在公司占有重要地位.2.The famous scientist has ________ in the world.A. a seatB. a placeC. a roleD. placesAnswers: 1. Mr Smith has an important place in the company. 2. B4. make…into…= to cha nge sth or sb different from what it/he/she used to be练练吧！1.那部电影的成功使她一夜成名.2.我们可以把这个房间改变成书房.Answers: 1. The success of the film made her into a star overnight.2 We can make this room into a study.5. at a time一次;每次每次服两片.不要什么事都一块干,要一次做一点儿.Answers: 1.Take the pills two at a time.2. Don’t try to do everything at once; take it a bit at a t ime.练练吧！1. -------Can I look at the menu for a few minutes before I decide?--------Of course. _____ , sir.A. Make yourself at homeB. Enjoy yourselfC. It doesn’t matterD. Take your time.2. Don’t all speak at once! ______ , please.A. Each at one timeB. One by one timeC. One for each timeD. One at a timeAnswers: 1. D 2. D6.be set in以……为背景这部电影以上海为背景.Answers: .The film was set in Shanghai.练练吧！1.He set _________ washing his car.2.She set a good example _______ all of us.3.The rainy season has set _______.4.The school was set _______ years ago.5.She has ________ some money for a trip to Beijing.A. set aboutB. set asideC. set downD. set in Answers: 1. about 2. to 3. in 4. up 5. B. 7. would rather宁愿练练吧！1.It was owing to luck ______ judgment _______ the driver succeeded in avoiding an accident.A.better than; whenB. rather than; thatC. other than; WhenD. more than ; which2. I worked as a secretary, ____, a typist.A. rather thanB. or ratherC. in ratherD. would ratherAnswers: 1. B 2. B8. add练练吧！1.这种坏天气增加了我们的困难.2.这些数字加起来是1000.3.We have planted flowers and green trees around the blocks of buildings , which _____ beautyto the whole city.A. add toB. add up toC. is added toD. add4. We are having a class,” she said, _______ it was a newly open kindergarten sponsored by thechurch.A. added thatB. adding thatC. has addedD. and adding thatAnswers: 1. The bad weather added to our difficulties.2. These numbers add up to 100.3. A4. B9. be bent on sth / doing sth一心想要;决心要吉姆一心想要成为一个音乐家.________________________________________ Answers: Jim is bent on becoming a musician.练练吧！1.___________ to train his daughter in English, he put an ad like this in the paper,＂, an English teacher for a ten-year-old girl.”A. Determined; WantedB. Determined; WantingC. Determine ; WantedD. Determining Wanting2.He is _________ learning English well.A. bent toB. bent onC. bending toD. bending onAnswers: 1. A 2. D10. make the acquaintance of= make sb’s acquaintance 和……相识;结识我是在一个集会上认识他的.___________________________________________Answer: I made his acquaintance at the party.练练吧！1.请把这事的情况告诉我.__________________________________________2.你很快就会对这些程序完全熟悉了._________________________________3.我们认识那位女士.______________________________________________ Answers:1. Please acquaint me with the facts of the case.2. You’ll soon become fully acquainted with the procedures.3. We are /become acquainted with the lady.第二部分：练习1.Mist is a symbol of danger and u_______ in Great Expectations.2.Is an e_______ person with a lot of money a gentleman ?3.He made an a_________turn to avoid hitting another car .4.Children must swim in the s________ end of the swimming pool.5.John is b_______on getting the first place in the following race .6.The a_______ chair was made in 1628.7.He graduated from Cambridge University, so he spoke r_______ standard English.8.P________is the child of ignorance.9.Disappointment is the nurse of w______.10.Oliver Twist was written by one of the greatest n______ in the world.11.Better be envied than p______.12.Some experts agree to r_______a system of education.13.This is a new kind of glassware that r_______heat.14.The hungry boy ate his food g_______.15.I always took him for an honest man ,but it appears that I was m_____ in him.16.Edinburgh is the capital and largest u_______ center of Scotland.17.He became famous nationwide o______.18.On that matter he t_____ towards your opinion.19.Sunlight is (使变化) into chemical energy,when it falls on the leaves of plants .20.He is __________(展出) his paintings at our school .第三部分：练习答案1 uncertainty 2. educated 3 abrupt 4 shallow 5 bent6antique 7 received. 8 prejudice 9 wisdom 10 novelists11 pitied 12 reform 13 resists 14 greedily 15 mistaken16 urban 17 overnight 18 tends 19 transformed 20 exhibiting。