全国硕士研究生招生考试：英语一与英语二的区别全国硕士研究生招生考试英语科目分为英语一和英语二，那么二者有什么区别？准备考研的你在初试时是考英语一还是英语二呢？本文将阐述二者的区别。
一、适用专业不同。
1. 只适用英语一的专业①学硕：所有学术硕士全部适用(十三门类)。
其中，其它语种、外国语言文学专业第二外语、单独考试外语可由招生单位设置自命题科目，也可选用全国统考科目。
②专硕：临床医学（1051）、口腔医学（1052）、公共卫生（1053）等10类专业硕士。
2.只适用英语二的专业①学硕：无②专硕：工商管理（1251）、公共管理（1251）、会计（1253）等7类专业硕士。
3.选用英语一或英语二的专业①学硕：无②专硕：金融(0251)、应用统计(0252)、税务(0253)等30类专业硕士。
4.不适用英语一或英语二的专业①学硕：无②专硕：翻译(0551)二、考试题材不同。
1. 英语一的题材和体裁没有明确限制。
2. 英语二要求考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字资料，题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。
三、试题难度不同。
1. 英语一与英语二对考生词汇、语法掌握程度的考察深度不同。
2. 英语一和英语二的大纲规定考查词汇范围一致。
英语二要求考生较熟练地掌握5500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组。
英语一的考查除满足英语二的要求外，还要求考生掌握词汇之间的词义关系以及词汇生成的基本知识。
3. 英语二大纲规定了总共有八个语法点，而英语一大纲关于语法的规定则较为概念化，没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，语法复习范围更为宽泛，任务量较大。
考研英语答题卡作文书写模板在考研英语考试中，作文是一个非常重要的部分，而作文书写模板则是考生备考时必备的工具之一。
一个好的作文书写模板不仅可以帮助考生提高作文的写作效率，还可以帮助考生规范作文的结构和表达方式，从而提高作文的得分。
下面将介绍一种常用的考研英语作文书写模板，希望对考生有所帮助。
首先，作文书写模板的开头部分通常包括作文的题目、时间和字数要求。
在书写模板中，考生可以先写上作文的题目，然后在题目下方注明作文的时间和字数要求。
例如：题目，XXX。
时间，30分钟。
字数，不少于150字。
接下来，作文书写模板的第一部分是作文的开头。
在开头部分，考生可以先写上作文的引言，然后在引言下方写上自己的观点。
引言通常是一句话或者一段话，可以引用名人名言、历史事件或者一些有趣的事实。
在引言下方，考生可以写上自己对于这个话题的看法和观点。
例如：引言，XXX。
观点，XXX。
接着，作文书写模板的第二部分是作文的主体。
在主体部分，考生可以分段论述自己的观点，并且可以适当举例或者引用一些数据来支持自己的观点。
在每一段的开头，考生可以先写上自己的主题句，然后在主题句下方展开论述。
在展开论述的过程中，考生可以使用一些连接词或者过渡词来使得文章的结构更加清晰和连贯。
例如：主题句，XXX。
论述，XXX。
最后，作文书写模板的结尾部分通常包括作文的总结和建议。
在总结部分，考生可以简要概括自己的观点，并且可以适当展望未来或者提出一些建议。
在建议部分，考生可以针对作文的主题提出一些解决问题的方法或者建议。
例如：总结，XXX。
建议，XXX。
总之，一个好的作文书写模板可以帮助考生提高作文的写作效率和得分。
希望考生们在备考时可以充分利用这种模板，提高自己的作文水平，取得优异的考试成绩。
考研英语(一)和英语(二)的区分考研英语(一)和英语(二)的区分考研英语一和英语二来源的区分综述：2010年，硕士研究生招生进行了一次较大的改革，国家将硕士研究生分为两种：学术型研究生和专业学位研究生。
而研究生入学英语考试也相应的由以前的一卷统考形式分为两种试卷考查，即英语一和英语二。
区别：区别之一：适用专业1.完全适用英语一的专业⑴所有学术硕士全部适用(十三大门类，110个一级学科)⑵8类(法律硕士含法学专业与非法学专业)专业硕士适用：临床医学(1051)口腔医学(1052)公共卫生(1053)护理(1054)法律硕士(非法学专业)(035101)法律硕士(法学专业)(035102)汉语国际教育(0453)建筑学(0851)城市规划(0853)2.完全适用英语二的专业7类专业硕士适用：工商管理(1251)公共管理(1252)会计(1253)旅游管理(1254)图书情报(1255)工程管理(1256)审计(0257)3.选用英语一或英语二的专业金融(0251)应用统计(0252)税务(0253)国际商务(0254)保险(0255)资产评估(0256)社会工作(0352)警务(0353)教育(0451)新闻与传播(0552)出版(0553)艺术(1351)工程(0852)农业推广(0951)兽医(0952)风景园林(0953)林业(0954)军事(1151)体育(0452)应用心理(0454)文物与博物馆(0651)药学(1055)中药学(1056)4.不适用英语一或英语二的专业学术硕士中的外国语专业专业硕士中的翻译硕士(0551)【初试外国语科目具体参照相关规定执行，不使用英语一或英语二试卷】区别之二：考察目标1.语言知识的考查——语法知识英语一考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。
【大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中更准确、自如地运用语法知识。
绝密启用前2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试卷考生注意事项1. 答题前，考生应按照准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考生编号”等信息。
2. 客观题答案填涂按照答题卡上的要求用2B 铅笔完成。
如需改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。
英译汉和写作部分必须用（蓝）黑色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔在答题卡上做答。
字迹要清楚。
3. 考试结束，将答题卡和试题册交回。
Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text．Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1．(10 points)Business and government leaders also consider the inflation rate to be an important general indicator. Inflation is a period of increased __1__ that causes rapid rises in prices. __2__ your money buys fewer goods so that you get __3__for the same amount of money as before, inflation is the problem. There is a general rise __4__the price of goods and services. Your money buys less. Sometimes people describe inflation as a（n）__5__ when “a dollar is not worth a dollar anymore.”Inflation is a problem for all consumers. People who live on a fixed income are hurt the __6__. Retired people, for instance, cannot __7__ on an increase in income as prices rise. Elderly people who do not work face serious problems in stretching their incomes to __8__ their needs in time of inflation. Retirement income __9__any fixed income usually does not rise as fast as prices. Many retired people must cut their spending to __10__rising prices. In many cases they must stop __11__some necessary items, such as food and clothing. Even __12__ working people whose incomes are going up, inflation can be a problem. The __13__of living goes up, too. People who work must have even more money to keep up their standard of living. Just buying the things they need costs more. When incomes do not keep __14__with rising prices, the standard of living goes down. People may be earning the same amount of money, but they are not living __15__they are not able to buy as many goods and services.Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes __16__the rate of change can be determined. A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a __17__year as the base. The base price is set __18__100, and the other prices are reported as a __19__ of the base price. A price index makes it possible to compare current prices of typical consumer goods, __20__, with prices of the same goods in previous years.1. [A]spending [B]demanding [C]consuming [D]saving2. [A]Before [B]Unless [C]Since [D]When3. [A]much [B]little [C]more [D]less4. [A]in [B]on [C]at [D]to5. [A]chance [B]time [C]moment [D]occasion6. [A]best [B]lest [C]most [D]worst7. [A]rely [B]rest [C]depend [D]count8. [A]meet [B]obtain [C]care [D]acquire9. [A]or [B]and [C]excluding [D]including10. [A]live up to [B]catch up to [C]put up with [D]keep up with11. [A]to buy [B]buying [C]having bought [D]from buying12. [A]for [B]to [C]of [D]if13. [A]price [B]level [C]cost [D]standard14. [A]race [B]pace [C]speed [D]step15. [A]in case [B]until [C]because [D]as such16. [A]in which [B]from which [C]of which [D]by which17. [A]last [B] definite [C]fixed [D] given18. [A]on [B]by [C]at [D]against19. [A] portion [B] percentage [C]proportion [D]fraction20. [A] by contrast [B] what‟s more [C]for example [D]likeSection 11 Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts．Answer the questions below each text by choosing A，B，C，or D．Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1．(40 points)Text lMany parents complain that their teenage children are rebelling．They greet their children's teenage with needless dread. While teenagers may assault us with heavy-metal music, wear strange clothes，have strange hair styles．and spend all their time dating or meeting friends，such behavior scarcely adds up to full-scale revolt.Take a good look at the present rebellion．It seems that teenagers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents．Instead of striking out boldly on their wings，most of them are clutching at one another‟s hands for reassurance．Their reason for thinking or acting in thus-and-such a way is that the crowd is doing it．It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way．They have come out of their cocoon——into a larger cocoon·Teenage rebellion，according to psychologist Laurence Steinberg，coauthor of You and Y our Adolescent，has been greatly overstated．Many other psychologists agree. The idea that teenagers inevitably rebel is a myth that has the potential for great family harm．This notion can damage communication during this critical time for parents to influence youngsters·Still adolescence is often a trying time of transition for child and parent. Teenagers need to establish themselves as individuals——in their own minds and in the eyes of others. Th is search isn‟t about rebellion：it's about becoming a person of one‟s own. “Teenagers ought to be growing away from their parents and learning tostand on their own two feet,” says Steinberg.Here is one way parents can help：don‟t stereotype. “Parents who expect teenage rebellion ma y actually stir it up.” says Kenneth I. Howard，a member of a research team that collected survey data on more than 20, 000 teenagers over a 28-year period．Howard cautions parents not to resort to suppression at the first sight of adolescent independence，fearful that giving in even slightly now means drugs cannot be far behind．When parents overreact，teenagers assert themselves more，parents clamp down harder，and a full-scale blowup results．In fact，psychologists say that there is no inevitable pattern to teenage behavior，and no such creature as a typical teenager. Your teenager is now larger，stronger, older and smarter than before，with an additional supply of hormone raging through the bloodstream．But he or she is still the same human being you have lived with since birth. Given a chance，your son or daughter will continue to behave in ways you have established．21. According to the writer，parents‟ fear for their children‟s teenage is______·[A]ridiculous [B]unnecessary[C]unreasonable [D]sensible22．“A larger cocoon” as mentioned in Paragraph 2 refers to the situation that_____．[A ] teenagers disagree with their parents[B] teenagers want to be independent[C] teenagers cannot escape from the popularity wave[D]teenagers need support from their fellow teenagers23．Overstating teenage rebellion will lead to the following consequences EXCEPT______．[A] it can do harm to the family[B] it can damage parents‟ influence[C] it can prevent teenagers from being individuals[D] it can impair teenagers‟ ability to make correct judgment24．According to the psychologists，it is beneficial for parents to______．…[A] show fear [B] use suppression[C] clamp down harder [D] treat teenagers as they used to25．The text is meant to_______．[A] advise the parents how to get along with their teenagers[B] discuss teenage rebellion and ways to cope with it[C] introduce psychologists‟ views on teenage behaviors[D] clarify the misconception about teenage rebellionText 2Human relations have commanded people‟s attention from early times. The ways of people have been recorded in innumerable myths, folktales, novels, poems, plays, and popular or philosophical essays. Although the full significance of a human relationship may not be directly evident, the complexity of feelings and actions that can be understood at a glance is surprisingly great. For this reason psychology holds a unique position among the sciences．“Intuitive”knowledge may be remarkably penetrating and can significantly help us understand human behavior whereas in the physical sciences such common sense knowledge is relatively primitive．If we erased all knowledge of scientific physics from our world，not only would we not have cars and television sets, we might even find that the ordinary person Was unable to cope with the fundamental mechanical problems of pulleys and levers. On the other hand，if we removed all knowledge of scientific psychology from our world, problems in interpersonal relations might easily be coped with and solved much as before．We would still “know” how to avoid doing something asked of us and how to get someone to agree with us；we would still “know”when someone was angry and when someone was pleased．One could even offer sensible explanations for the “whys‟‟of much of the self‟s behavior and feelings．In other words，the ordinary person has a great and profound understanding of the self and of other people which，though unformulated or only vaguely conceived，enables one to interact with others in more or less adaptive ways．Kohler in referring to the lack of great discoveries in psychology as compared with physics，accounts for this by saying that “people were acquainted with pra ctically all territories of mental life a long time before the founding of scientific psychology.”Paradoxically, with all this natural，intuitive，commonsense capacity to grasp human relations，the science of human relations had been one of the last to develop．Different explanations of this paradox have been suggested．One is that science would destroy the vain and pleasing illusions people have about themselves；but we might ask why people have always loved to read pessimistic，debunking writings，from Ecclesiastes to Freud．It has also been proposed that just because we know so much about people intuitively，there has been less incentive for studying them scientifically：why should one develop a theory，carry out systematic observations，or make predictions about the obvious? In any case，the field of human relations，with its vast literary documentation but meager scientific treatment，is in great contrast to the field of physics in which there are relatively few nonscientific books．26. Which of the following claims of the passage supports the author's argument that “psychology holds a u nique position among the sciences”(Line 4-5, Para.1)?[A]The study of common sense in the physical sciences is relatively advanced．[B]The full meaning of a human relationship may not be obvious．[C]Psychology plays an important role in modem science and technology．…[D]Intuitive understanding of human behaviors can be clear and precise．27．According to the passage，which of the following could be safely drawn about the people who lived beforethe coming of scientific psychology?[A]They think much of investigating of interpersonal relationship．[B]Knowledge of the physical science was not very attractive for them．[C]They pay much attention to correctly handle human relationship．[D]Their intuitions about human relations were reasonably sophisticated．28．The author suggests that common sense knowledge of human relations is______．[A]usually biased due to the fact that it is based on myths and folktales[B]generally accurate enough to facilitate interactions with each other[C]equally well developed among every adult within a given society[D]typically unrelated to an individual‟s interactions with other people29．The author uses Ecclesiastes and Freud (Line 5，Para.3) as examples in order to_____．[A]find a satisfactory explanation to the human relations in their books[B]show the growing tendency to ignore scientific explanations of human relations[C]challenge the first analysis on the underdevelopment of the science of human relations[D]prove the unwillingness of people to abandon the pleasing fantasy in their mind30．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?[A]Intuition couldn‟t explain the motive of one‟s behavior．[B]Scientific psychology seems to be the most advanced subject．[C]The scientific method is difficult to apply to psychology．[D]Some believe that the obvious deserves no scientific study．Text 3If you are anything like me，you left the theater after Sex and the City 2 and thought，there ought to be a law against a looks-based culture in which the only way for 40-year-old actresses to be compensated like 40-year-old actors is to have them look and dress like the teenage daughters of 40-year-old actors．Meet Deborah Rhode，a Stanford law professor who proposes a legal regime in which discrimination on the basis of looks is as serious as discrimination based on gender or race．In a provocative new book，The Beauty Bias，Rhode lays out the case for all America in which appearance discrimination is no longer allowed．That means Hooters can't fire its servers for being too heavy，as allegedly happened last month to a waitress in Michigan who says she received nothing but excellent reviews but weighed 1 32 pounds．Rhode is at her most persuasive when arguing that in America，discrimination against unattractive women and short men is as pernicious and widespread as bias based on race，sex，age，ethnicity, religion，and disability．Rhode cites research to prove her point：1 1 percent of surveyed couples say they would abort a fetuspredisposed toward obesity．College students tell surveyors they'd rather have a spouse who is an embezzler，drug user，or a shoplifter than one who is obese．And all of this is compounded by a virtually unregulated beauty and diet industry and soaring rates of elective cosmetic surgery．Rhode reminds us how Hillary Clinton and Sonia Sotomayor were savaged by the media for their looks，and says it's no surprise that Sarah Palin paid her makeup artist more than any member of her staff in her run for the vice presidency．And the problem with making appearance discrimination illegal is that Americans just really，really like hot girls．And so long as being a hot girl is deemed a bona fide occupational qualification，there will be cocktail waitresses fired for gaining three pounds．It‟s not just American men who like things this way．The truth is that women feel good about competing in beauty pageants．To put it another way，appearance bias is a massive societal problem with tangible economic costs that mostof us--perhaps especially women---perpetuate each time we buy a diet pill or sneer at fat women．This doesn‟t mean we shouldn‟t work toward eradicating discrimination based on appearance．But it may mean recognizing that the law won‟t stop us from discriminating against the overweight，the aging，and the imperfect，so long as it's the quality we all hate most in ourselves．31．Which of the following is the best description of the author's emotions after watching Sex and the City 2?[A] Envy and longing．[B] Remorse and guilt．[C] Jealousy and hatred．[D] Displeasure and anger．32．The word “That” in Para.2 refers to_____．[A] a law against discrimination based on appearance[B] the situation in America when appearance discrimination is illegal[C] discrimination based on gender or race is eliminated[D] a law against companies‟ firing employees based on appearance33．Which of the followings is NOT included in Prof. Rhode‟s argumen ts?[A] There should be a law against discrimination based on appearance as against gender or racial discrimination．…[B] If appearance discrimination is illegal in America，no company can fire their employees because of their looks．[C] Not only American men like pretty women，American women themselves also attach great value to beauty．[D] Appearance bias is as harmful and common as racial and religious discrimination．34. It is very hard to establish a law against appearance discrimination because _______．[A] American people regard beauty as a very valuable and desirable quality[B] cocktail waitresses want to be competitive and earn more money[C] American women like participating in beauty pageants[D] such a law will harm the American economy35．What conclusion can we draw from the passage?[A] American people，both men and women，need to be good-looking for their careers‟ sake．[B] Film directors should start using ordinary-looking middle-aged actresses to help change the beauty bias．[C] American people need to change their attitudes toward the appearance of themselves to change the beauty bias．[D] If people really hate themselves for being fat or ugly, they will be against a law stopping appearance discrimination．Text4School authorities often refuse to face the problem of drug-abuse; government drug-abuse agencies have done too little to inform the public about it；many physicians still seem unaware of it when they examine teenagers．As a result，parents may still be the last to know that their children have fallen victim to the drug epidemic that has been raging for more than a decade among American‟s youth．In a survey of a middle-income Cincinnati suburb, 38 percent of the sixth grade and 89 percent of the senior class said they used drug and alcohol; 48 percent of the parents thought their children used alcohol，but only 8 percent thought their children used drug．Fortunately, there is a new force at work against this epidemic ---- a nationwide movement of more than 400 parent groups formed to expose and battle drug use among teenagers and preteens. The groups have different approaches and widely varying rates of success. Yet this parental crusade is the only major force in the country to have taken active, organized and effective steps aimed at stopping marijuana use．Why the concentration on marijuana? Marijuana is the illegal drug most used by kids．According to a National High School Survey，44 percent of U.S. high school seniors had smoked pot during their school years，and one out of seven of these were daily or near daily smokers．There was a close-related connection between pot smoking and subsequent use of cocaine and heroin by young men．Of those who had smoked pot fewer than 1 00 times, seven percent had graduated to cocaine，four percent to heroin．But of those who had smoked pot at least 1,000 times, 73 percent had gone on to cocaine, and one out of three had graduated to heroin．Parent groups have found that by stopping their kids from smoking pot, they almost automatically stop all other illegal drugs, and cut down on alcohol use as well. The High School Senior Survey‟s statistics show that heavy pot smokers tend to be heavy drinkers, while those who do not use pot tend not to drink heavily．Since virtually all over the country teenage “partying”has come to mean “getting smashed and getting stoned” on anything from pot to pills to hashish，LSD，and alcohol，some parent groups home in on the partying aspect．Parents Who Care (PWC) was started in 1979 by 15 Palo Alto, Calif., parents who were upset by stories of serious drug problems at parties. They held talk sessions with their children and learned that most of their children had never been to a party where the main activity was not getting high．The parents‟solution：workshops showing kids how to give successful drug-and-alcohol free parties. Says Margery Ranch，PWC director, “We‟ve seen a change in attitude. Young people are feeling more comfortable saying no.”36．The main idea of Paragraph 1 is that______．[A]society pays little attention to drug use among teenagers[B]drug-abuse has become a common problem among teenagers[C]parents are angry at children‟s drug-abuse[D]children use alcohol more often than drug37．The author believes that the parent groups______．[A]are formed to work against a physical disease[B]are the only force in stopping drug use[C]are variously effective in their work[D]have achieved great success38．Parents Who Care (PWC) was started______．[A]to deal with the problem of teenage partying[B]to help parents upset by the drug problems at parties[C]to provide drug—and-alcohol—free parties[D]to hold a party where children feel high39．In this text，the author is primarily concerned with_____．[A]why drug-abuse problem is SO serious[B]why parents are concerned over drug—abuse problem[C]what parents do to stop drug-abuse[D]what caused the problem of teenagers‟ drug-abuse40．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?[A]Cutting down alcohol use may help stop drug-abuse．[B]Among the illegal drugs, cocaine is very popular among kids．[C]Heavy pot smokers are heavy drinkers．[D]Giving up pot smoking may contribute to abandoning other illegal drugs．Part BDirections：In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1–5, choose the most suitable one from the list A–F to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks.More than 40 million Americans between the ages of 5 and 18 attend schools throughout the United States. About 2 million school-age children are taught at home. ___41___.Many public school advocates take a harsh attitude toward home schoolers, perceiving their actions as the ultimate slap in the face of public education and a damaging move for the children. ___42___. Some public schools have moved closer to tolerance, and, even in some cases, are seeking cooperation with home schoolers. "We are becoming relatively tolerant of home schoolers. Let's give the kids access to public school so they'll see it's not as terrible as they've been told, and they'll want to come back," says John Marshall, an education official.Perhaps, but don't count on it, say home-school advocates. Some home schoolers oppose that public school system because they have strong convictions that their approach to education —whether fueled by religious belief or the individual child's interests and natural pace— is best. ___43___"These parents are highly independent and strive to 'take responsibility' for their own lives within a society that they define as bureaucratic and inefficient," says Van Gallon.But Howard Carol, spokesman for America's largest teachers union, argues that home schooling parents are trying to hide their children from the real world. says Van Gallon."Maybe we are going to run into people with problems, people that have a drug problem, people that have an alcohol problem, and teenage pregnancy. ____44___. But shielding the children from the real mix of what happens every day is denying them something that they are going to need later in life." Mr. Carol also questioned the competence of parents as teachers though he admitted that some home schoolers do better academically. "We want to make sure that a student is not denied the full range of curriculum experiences and appropriate materials, especially now with the new technology that is being introduced and the costs involved there.""The success of home schooling has been documented in standardized test scores administered by public school officials," says Frank Bernet, the executive director of the National Association of College Admission Councilors. "___45___" The response from home schoolers: "We have tried that. Now it's time to strike out on our own."[A] Yet, as public school officials realize they stand little to gain by remaining hostile to the home-school population, the hard lines seem to be softening a bit.[B] Schools have banned cupcakes, issued obesity report cards and cleared space in cafeterias for salad bars.[C] While home schooling offers an alternative to the school environment, it has become a controversial issue.[D] Other home schoolers contend "not so much that the schools teach heresy, but that schools teach whatever they teach inappropriately."[E] I know why they are doing it, but I wonder why they can't work with school officials and teachers to make the school what they want it to be.[F] The idea that a big baby is a healthy baby, and a crying baby is probably a hungry baby who should be fed, are things we really need to rethink.[G] We have many problems that happen in our society and many of the children are victims.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET．(10 points)American and Japanese researchers are developing a smart Car that will help drivers avoid accidents by predicting when they are about to make a dangerous move．The smart Car of the future will be able to tell if drivers are going to turn，change lanes，speed up，slow down or pass another Car．If the driver's intended action could lead to all accident，the car will activate a warning system or override the move．(46) "By shifting the emphasis of car safety away from design of the vehicle itself and looking more toward the driver‟s behavior, the developers believe that they can start to build cars that adapt to suit people‟s needs,”New Scientist magazine said．Alex Pentland of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology collaborated on the project with Andrew Liu who works for the Japanese carmaker Nissan．(47)Tests of their smart car using a driving simulator have shown that it is 95 percent accurate in predicting a driver's move 12 seconds in advance．(48)The system is based on driving behavior which the researchers say can be divided into chains of sub-actions which include preparatory moves．．It monitors the driver's behavior patterns to predict the next move．“To make its predictions，Nissan‟s smart Car uses a computer and sensors on the steering wheel，accelerator and brake to monitor a person‟s driving patterns．(49)A brief training session, in which the driver is asked to perform certain maneuvers, allows the system to calculate the probability of particular actions occurring in two-second time segments," the magazine said．Liu has also done work on tracking eye movement to predict driving behavior．(50)He said the smart car could be adapted to monitor eye movement which could give even earlier predictions of when a driver is about to make a wrong move．Section ⅢWritingPart A51．Directions：Suppose you are a university student and you read an advertisement of a company which is wanting a part-time sales representative. Write a letter to apply for the job and in the letter you are supposed to include the post you would like to apply for，your experience and your hobbies，etc．Write your letter in no less than 100 words．Write on ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52．Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1）describe the drawing briefly,2）explain its intended meaning, and then3）prove your idea with an example/examples. (20 points)Directions:Read the following text and answer questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the left column.The world economy has run into a brick wall. Despite countless warnings in recent years about the need to address a looming hunger crisis in poor countries and a looming energy crisis worldwide, world leaders failed to think ahead. The result is a global food crisis. Wheat, corn and rice prices have more than doubled in the past two years, and oil prices have more than tripled since the start of 2004. These food-price increases combing with soaring energy costs will slow if not stop economic growth in many parts of the world and will even undermine political stability, as evidenced by the protest riots that have erupted in places like Haiti, Bangladesh and Burkina Faso. Practical solutions to these growing woes do exist, but we‟ll have to start thinking ahead and acting globally.The crisis has its roots in four interlinked trends. The first is the chronically low productivity of farmers in the poorest countries, caused by their inability to pay for seeds, fertilizers and irrigation. The second is the misguided policy in the U.S. and Europe of subsidizing the diversion of food crops to produce biofuels like corn-based ethanol. The third is climate change; take the recent droughts in Australia and Europe, which cut the global production of grain in 2005 and 2006. The fourth is the growing global demand for food and feed grains brought on by swelling populations and incomes. In short, rising demand has hit a limited supply, with the poor taking the hardest blow.So, what should be done? Here are three steps to ease the current crisis and avert the potential for a global disaster. The first is to scale-up the dramatic success of Malawi, a famine-prone country in southern Africa, which three years ago established a special fund to help its farmers get fertilizer and high-yield seeds. Malawi‟s harvest doubled after just one year. An international fund based on the Malawi model would cost a mere $10 per person annually in the rich world, or $10 billion in all. Such a fund could fight hunger as effectively as the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and malaria is controlling those diseases.Second, the U.S. and Europe should abandon their policies of subsidizing the conversion of food into biofuels. The U.S. government gives farmers a taxpayer-financed subsidy of 51 cents per gal of ethanol to divert corn from the food and feed-grain supply. There may be a case for biofuels produced on lands that do not produce foods-tree crops (like palm oil), grasses and wood products-but there‟s no case for doling out subsidies to put the world‟s dinner into the gas tank. Third, we urgently need to weatherproof the world‟s crops as soon and as effectively as possible. For a poor farmer, sometimes something as simple as a farm pond-which collects rainwater to be used for emergency irrigation in a dry spell- can make the difference between a bountiful crop and a famine. The world has already committed to establishing a Climate Adaptation Fund to help poor regions climate-proof vital economic activities such as food production and health care but has not yet upon the promise.。
