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一，代数部分1.有关数学运算add，plus加subtra ct减 differ ence差 multip ly,times乘 produc t积 divide除 divisi ble可被整除的divide deven ly被整除 divide nd被除数，红利 diviso r因子，除数 quotie nt商 remain der余数factor ial阶乘 power乘方 radica lsign,rootsi gn根号roundt o四舍五入tothen eares t四舍五入2.有关集合union并集 proper subset真子集 soluti on set解集3. 有关代数式、方程和不等式algebr aic term代数项 like terms,simila r terms同类项 numeri cal coeffi cient数字系数litera l coeffi cient字母系数inequa lity不等式 triang le inequa lity三角不等式range值域origin al equati on原方程 equiva lentequati on同解方程，等价方程 linear equati on线性方程4. 有关分数和小数proper fracti on真分数 improp er fracti on假分数 mixednumber带分数vulgar fracti on，common fracti on普通分数 simple fracti on简分数 comple x fracti on繁分数numera tor分子 denomi nator分母 (least)common denomi nator(最小)公分母 quarte r四分之一decima l fracti on纯小数 infini te decima l无穷小数 recurr ing decima l循环小数 tenths unit十分位5.基本数学概念arithm eticmean算术平均值 weight ed averag e加权平均值 geomet ric mean几何平均数expone nt指数，幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数，立方体 square root平方根 cubero ot立方根common logari thm常用对数 digit数字 consta nt常数variab le变量invers efunc tion反函数comple menta ry functi on余函数 linear一次的，线性的 factor izati on因式分解 absolu te value绝对值roundoff四舍五入 6. 有关数论natura l number自然数 positi ve number正数 negati ve number负数 odd intege r,odd number奇数even intege r,even number偶数 intege r,wholenumber整数 positi ve wholenumber正整数negati ve wholenumber负整数 consec utive number连续整数rea lnumbe r,ration alnumber实数,有理数 irrati onal(number)无理数 invers e倒数 compos ite number合数 primenumber质数reciproc al倒数common diviso r公约数multip le倍数(least)common multip le(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子 common factor公因子 ordina rysca le,decima lscal e十进制nonneg ative非负的tens十位 units个位mode众数 median中数 common ratio公比7. 数列arithm eticprogre ssion(sequen ce)等差数列 geomet ric progre ssion(sequen ce)等比数列8. 其它approx imate近似 (anti)clockw ise(逆)顺时针方向cardin al基数ordina l序数direct propo rtion正比distin ct不同的 estima tion估计，近似 parent heses括号 propor tion比例 permut ation排列combin ation组合 table表格 trigon ometr ic functi on三角函数unit单位,位二，几何部分1.所有的角altern ate angle内错角 corres pondi ng angle同位角 vertic al angle对顶角centra l angle圆心角interi or angle内角 exteri or angle外角 supple mentaryang les补角 comple menta ry angle余角adjace nt angle邻角 acuteangle锐角 obtuse angle钝角 rightangle直角roundangle周角straig ht angle平角 includ ed angle夹角2. 所有的三角形equila teral triang le等边三角形 scalen e triang le不等边三角形 isosce les triang le等腰三角形righttriang le直角三角形 obliqu e斜三角形 inscri bed triang le内接三角形3. 有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semici rcle半圆 concen triccircle s同心圆quadri later al四边形 pentag on五边形 hexago n六边形heptag on 七边形octago n八边形nonago n九边形decago n十边形polygo n多边形parall elogr am平行四边形equila teral等边形 plane平面 square正方形，平方 rectan gle长方形 regula r polygo n正多边形rhombu s菱形 trapez oid梯形4. 其它平面图形arc弧 line,straig ht line直线 line segmen t线段 parall el lines平行线 segmen t of a circle弧形5. 有关立体图形cube立方体，立方数 rectan gular solid长方体 regula r solid/regula r polyhe dron正多面体circul ar cylind er圆柱体cone圆锥 sphere球体 solid立体的6. 有关图形上的附属物altitu de高 depth深度side边长 circum feren ce,perime ter周长 radian弧度 surfac e area表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股cros ssecti on横截面 center of acircl e圆心chord弦 radius半径anglebisect or角平分线 diagon al对角线 diamet er直径edge棱face of a solid立体的面hypote nuse斜边 includ ed side夹边leg三角形的直角边median ofatr iangl e三角形的中线base底边，底数 opposi te直角三角形中的对边 midpoi nt中点endpoi nt端点vertex(复数形式ve rtice s)顶点 tangen t切线的transv ersal截线 interc ept截距7. 有关坐标coordi natesystem坐标系 rectan gular coordi nate直角坐标系origin原点 abscis sa横坐标ordina te纵坐标 number line数轴 quadra nt象限slope斜率 comple x plane复平面8. 其它planegeomet ry平面几何 trigon ometr y三角学 bisect平分 circum scrib e外切 inscri be内切 inters ect相交 perpen dicul ar垂直 pythag orean theore m勾股定理 congru ent全等的multil atera l多边的 三，其它1. 单位类cent美分 penny一美分硬币nickel5美分硬币dime一角硬币 dozen打(12个) score廿(20个)Centig rade摄氏 Fahren heit华氏 quart夸脱 gallon加仑(1gallo n=4quart) yard码meter米 micron微米inc h英寸foot英尺 minute分(角度的度量单位，60分=1度) square measu re平方单位制cubicm eter立方米pint品脱(干量或液量的单位)2. 有关文字叙述题，主要是有关商业interc alary year(leapye ar)闰年(366天) common year平年(365天) deprec iatio n折旧down paymen t直接付款 discou nt打折margin利润 profit利润 intere st利息simple intere st单利compou ndedintere st复利divide nd红利decrea se to减少到decrea se by减少了increa se to增加到inc rea se by增加了denote表示 list price标价 markup涨价 per capita每人 ratio比率retail price零售价tie打平acuteangle锐角acutetriang le 锐角三角形adjace nt angle邻角altern ate angle错角altern ate exteri or angle外错角altern ate interi or angle内错角altitu de 顶垂线angleof a circum feren ce 圆周角angula r bisect or 角等分线arc 弧arc cosine反余弦arc sine 反正弦arc tangen t 反正切axis of symmet ry 对称轴base 底线broken line 折线center of a circle圆心center of figure垂心、形心centra l angle圆心角centra l symmet ry 中心对称centro id 垂心、形心chord弦circle圆circul ar conica l surfac e 圆锥面circul ar measur e 弧度制circum circl e 外接圆circum feren ce 圆周circum scrib ed circle外接圆common tangen t 公切线comple menta ry angle余角concav e polygo n 凹多边形concav e polyhe dron凹多面体concen triccircle s 同心圆cone 圆锥convex polygo n 凸多边形convex polyhe dron凸多面体corres pondi ng angle同位角coseca nt 余割cosine余弦cotang ent 余切covers ine 余矢crosssectio n 截面cuboid长方体curved surfac e 曲面cylind er 圆柱体cylind rical surfac e 圆柱面degree measur e of an angle角度制degree of an angle角度diagon al 对角线diamet er 直径dihedr al angle二面角distan ce 距离、距dodeca hedro n 十二面体double angle倍角edge 棱ellips e 椭圆ellips oid 椭圆end point端点equila teral triang le 等边三角形、正三角形Euler's formul a 欧拉公式excent re 旁心exteri or angle外角exteri or angles on the same side 同旁外角face angle面角foot of a perpen dicul ar 垂足founda tions of geomet ry 几何学geimet rical elemen t 几何元素genera trix母线genera tor 母线geomet ric constr uctio n 几何作图geomet ric figure几何图形half angle半角half line 半线hexahe dron六面体horizo nal line 水平线icosah edron二十面体incent re 内心incirc le 内切圆ineter ior on the same side 同旁内角initia l side of anangl e 角的始边inscri bed circle of a triang le 三角形内切圆interi or angle内角interp olati on 插值法，内推法inters ectin g lines相交线inters ectio n of two lines两线相交inters ectio n point交点invers e cosine反余弦invers e sine 反正弦invers e tangen t 反正切invers e trigon ometr ic functi on 反三角函数isosce les trapez oid 等腰梯形isosce les triang le 等腰三角形latera l face 侧面law of cosine s 余弦定理law of sines正弦定理law of tangen ts 正切定理line 线line segmen t 线段median line 中线Napier's rules纳皮尔定律negati ve angle负角obliqu e spheri cal triang le 斜角球面三角形obtuse angle钝角obtuse triang le 钝角三角形octahe dron八面体orthoc entre垂心parall el lines平行线parall elogr am 平行四边形pentag on 五边形pentah edron五面体period icity of functi ons 函数的周期性perpen dicul ar 垂线perpen dicul ar bisect or 中垂线plane平面plane trigon ometr y 平面三角学planeangle平面角point点pointof inters ectio n 交点pointof tangen cy 切点polartriang le 极三角形pole of a circle圆的极点polygo n 多边形polyhe dralangle多面角positi ve angle正角primit ive angle原始三角形princi pal value主值prism棱柱体pyrami d 棱锥体Pythag orean theore m 勾股定理quadra nt 象限quadra ntaltriang le 象限球面三角形quadri later al 四边形radian弧度radius半径ray 射线recipr ocalfuncti on 互反函数rectan gle 长方形、矩形rectan gular solid长方体regula r dodeca hedro n 正十二面体regula r icosah edron正二十面体regula r octahe dron正八面体regula r polygo n 正多边形regula r prism正棱柱rhombo id 长菱形rhombu s 菱形rightangle直角rightparall elepi ped 直平行六面体rightprism直棱柱rootsof unity单位根roundangle周角scalen e triang le 不等边三角形secant正割secant割线segmen t of a circle弓形segmen t of a circle弓形semici ecle半圆圆周率side 边sine-cosine law 正弦－余弦定理smallside 勾solidangle立体角sphere球spheri cal angle球面角spheri cal degree球面度spheri cal surfac e 球面spheri cal tighttriang le 球面直角三角形spheri cal triang le 球面三角形sphero id 球体square正方形straig ht angle平角straig ht line 直线supple menta ry angle补角surfac e 面surfac e of an angle球面tangen t 正切tangen t line 切线termin ate side of an angle角的终边tetrah edral angle四面角tetrah edron四面体trapez oid 梯形triang ularprism三棱柱trigon ometr ic equati on 三角方程trigon ometr ic functi on 三角函数trihed ral angle三面角trisec tionof an angle三等分角versed cosine余矢versed sine 正矢versin e 正矢vertic al 垂线vertic al angles对顶角。
各种数学名词的英语翻译数学 mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE)公理 axiom定理 theorem计算 calculation运算 operation证明 prove假设 hypothesis,hypotheses(pl.)命题 proposition算术 arithmetic加 plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)被加数 augend, summand加数 addend和 sum减 minus(prep.),subtract(v.),subtraction(n.)被减数 minuend减数 subtrahend差 remainder乘 times(prep.),multiply(v.),multiplication(n.)被乘数 multiplicand, faciend 乘数 multiplicator积 product除 divided by(prep.),divide(v.), division(n.)被除数 dividend除数 divisor商 quotient等于 equals, is equal to, is equivalent to大于 is greater than小于 is lesser than大于等于 is equal or greater than小于等于 is equal or lesser than运算符 operator 平均数mean算术平均数arithmatic mean几何平均数geometric mean n个数之积的n次方根倒数（reciprocal） x的倒数为1/x有理数 rational number无理数 irrational number实数 real number虚数 imaginary number数字 digit数 number自然数 natural number整数 integer小数 decimal小数点 decimal point分数 fraction分子 numerator分母 denominator比 ratio正 positive负 negative零 null, zero, nought, nil十进制 decimal system二进制 binary system十六进制 hexadecimal system权 weight, significance进位 carry截尾 truncation四舍五入 round下舍入 round down上舍入 round up有效数字 significant digit无效数字 insignificant digit代数 algebra公式 formula, formulae(pl.)单项式 monomial多项式 polynomial,multinomial系数 coefficient未知数 unknown, x-factor,y-factor, z-factor等式，方程式 equation一次方程 simple equation二次方程 quadratic equation三次方程 cubic equation四次方程 quartic equation不等式 inequation阶乘 factorial对数 logarithm指数，幂 exponent乘方 power二次方，平方 square三次方，立方 cube四次方 the power of four, thefourth powern次方 the power of n, the nthpower开方 evolution, extraction二次方根，平方根 square root三次方根，立方根 cube root四次方根 the root of four,the fourth rootn次方根 the root of n, thenth rootsqrt(2)=1.414sqrt(3)=1.732sqrt(5)=2.236常量 constant变量 variable坐标系 coordinates坐标轴 x-axis, y-axis,z-axis横坐标 x-coordinate纵坐标 y-coordinate原点 origin象限quadrant截距(有正负之分)intercede（方程的）解solution几何geometry点 point线 line面 plane体 solid线段 segment射线 radial平行 parallel相交 intersect角 angle角度 degree弧度 radian锐角 acute angle直角 right angle钝角 obtuse angle平角 straight angle周角 perigon底 base边 side高 height三角形 triangle锐角三角形 acute triangle直角三角形 right triangle直角边 leg斜边 hypotenuse勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem 钝角三角形 obtuse triangle 不等边三角形 scalenetriangle等腰三角形 isoscelestriangle等边三角形 equilateral triangle四边形 quadrilateral平行四边形 parallelogram矩形 rectangle长 length宽 width周长 perimeter面积 area相似 similar全等 congruent三角 trigonometry正弦 sine余弦 cosine正切 tangent余切 cotangent正割 secant余割 cosecant反正弦 arc sine反余弦 arc cosine反正切 arc tangent反余切 arc cotangent 反正割 arc secant反余割 arc cosecant补充：集合aggregate元素 element空集 void子集 subset交集 intersection并集 union补集 complement映射 mapping函数 function定义域 domain, field ofdefinition值域 range单调性 monotonicity奇偶性 parity周期性 periodicity图象 image数列，级数 series微积分 calculus微分 differential导数 derivative极限 limit无穷大 infinite(a.)infinity(n.)无穷小 infinitesimal积分 integral定积分 definite integral不定积分 indefinite integral复数 complex number矩阵 matrix行列式 determinant圆 circle圆心 centre(BrE),center(AmE)半径 radius直径 diameter圆周率 pi弧 arc半圆 semicircle扇形 sector环 ring椭圆 ellipse圆周 circumference轨迹 locus, loca(pl.)平行六面体 parallelepiped立方体 cube七面体 heptahedron八面体 octahedron九面体 enneahedron十面体 decahedron十一面体 hendecahedron十二面体 dodecahedron二十面体 icosahedron多面体 polyhedron旋转 rotation轴 axis球 sphere半球 hemisphere底面 undersurface表面积 surface area体积 volume空间 space双曲线 hyperbola抛物线 parabola四面体 tetrahedron五面体 pentahedron六面体 hexahedron菱形 rhomb,rhombus, rhombi(pl.),diamond正方形 square梯形 trapezoid直角梯形 right trapezoid等腰梯形 isosceles trapezoid五边形 pentagon六边形 hexagon七边形 heptagon八边形 octagon九边形 enneagon十边形 decagon十一边形 hendecagon十二边形 dodecagon多边形 polygon正多边形 equilateral polygon相位 phase周期 period振幅 amplitude内心 incentre(BrE),incenter(AmE)外心 excentre(BrE),excenter(AmE)旁心 escentre(BrE),escenter(AmE)垂心 orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)重心 barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)内切圆 inscribed circle外切圆 circumcircle统计 statistics平均数 average加权平均数 weighted average 方差 variance标准差 root-mean-square deviation, standarddeviation比例 propotion百分比 percent百分点 percentage百分位数 percentile排列 permutation组合 combination概率，或然率 probability分布 distribution正态分布 normal distribution 非正态分布 abnormal distribution图表 graph条形统计图 bar graph柱形统计图 histogram折线统计图 broken line graph 曲线统计图 curve diagram扇形统计图 pie diagram--------------数学中常用单词术语abscissa 横坐标 absolute value 绝对值acute angle 锐角adjacent angle 邻角addition 加algebra 代数altitude 高angle bisector 角平分线arc 弧area 面积arithmetic mean 算术平均值（总和除以总数）arithmetic progression等差数列（等差级数）arm 直角三角形的股at 总计（乘法）average 平均值base 底be contained in 位于...上bisect 平分center 圆心chord 弦circle 圆形circumference 圆周长circumscribe 外切，外接clockwise 顺时针方向closest approximation 最相近似的combination 组合common divisor 公约数，公因子common factor 公因子complementary angles 余角（二角和为90度）composite number 合数（可被除1及本身以外其它的数整除）concentric circle 同心圆cone 圆锥（体积＝1/3*pi*r*r*h）congruent 全等的consecutive integer 连续的整数coordinate 坐标的cost 成本counterclockwise 逆时针方向cube 1.立方数2.立方体（体积＝a*a*a 表面积＝6*a*a）cylinder 圆柱体decagon 十边形decimal 小数decimal point 小数点decreased 减少decrease to 减少到decrease by 减少了degree 角度define 1.定义2.化简denominator 分母denote 代表，表示depreciation 折旧distance 距离distinct 不同的dividend 1. 被除数 2.红利divided evenly 被除数divisible 可整除的division 1.除 2.部分divisor 除数down payment 预付款，定金equation 方程equilateral triangle 等边三角形even number 偶数expression 表达exterior angle 外角 face （立体图形的）某一面factor 因子fraction 1.分数2.比例geometric mean 几何平均值（N个数的乘积再开N次方）geometric progression 等比数列（等比级数）have left 剩余height 高hexagon 六边形 hypotenuse 斜边improper fraction 假分数increase 增加increase by 增加了 increase to 增加到 inscribe 内切，内接intercept 截距integer 整数interest rate 利率 in terms of... 用...表达interior angle 内角 intersect 相交irrational 无理数 isosceles triangle 等腰三角形least common multiple 最小公倍数least possible value 最小可能的值leg 直角三角形的股length 长list price 标价margin 利润mark up 涨价 mark down 降价maximum 最大值median, medium 中数（把数字按大小排列，若为奇数项，则中间那项就为中数，若为偶数项，则中间两项的算术平均值为中数。
代数部分1.有关基本运算：add, plus加subtract减difference差multiply, times乘product积divide除divisible可被整除的divided evenly被整除dividend被除数divisor因子,除数quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方radical sign, root sign根号round to四舍五入to the nearest四舍五入2.有关集合union并集proper subset真子集solution set解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraic term代数项like terms, similar terms同类项numerical coefficient数字系数literal coefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangle inequality三角不等式range值域original equation原方程equivalent equation同解方程等价方程linear equation线性方程 x +6=224.有关分数和小数proper fraction真分数improper fraction假分数mixed number带分数vulgar fraction, common fraction普通分数simple fraction简分数complex fraction繁分数numerator分子denominator分母leastcommon denominator最小公分母quarter四分之一decimal fraction纯小数infinite decimal无穷小数recurring decimal循环小数tenths unit十分位5.基本数学概念arithmetic mean算术平均值weighted average加权平均值geometric mean几何平均数exponent指数,幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数,立方体square root平方根cube root立方根common logarithm常用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量inverse function反函数complementary function余函数linear一次的,线性的factorization因式分解absolute value绝对值,.｜-32｜=32round off四舍五入6.有关数论natural number自然数positive number正数negative number负数odd integer, odd number奇数even integer, even number偶数integer, whole number整数positive whole number正整数negative whole number负整数consecutive number连续整数real number, rational number实数,有理数irrationalnumber无理数composite number合数……prime number质数……reciprocal倒数common divisor公约数multiple 倍数leastcommon multiple最小公倍数primefactor质因子commonfactor公因子ordinary scale, decimal scale十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位mode众数median中数common ratio公比7.数列arithmetic progressionsequence等差数列geometric progressionsequence等比数列8.其它approximate近似anticlockwise 逆顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数direct proportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计,近似parentheses括号proportion 比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometric function三角函数unit单位,位几何部分1.所有的角alternate angle内错角corresponding angle 同位角vertical angle对顶角central angle圆心角interior angle 内角exterior angle外角supplementary angles补角complementary angle余角adjacent angle邻角acute angle锐角obtuse angle钝角right angle直角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle 夹角2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle等边三角形scalene triangle不等边三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形right triangle 直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle内接三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形,除三角形外semicircle半圆concentric circles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon 多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形,平方rectangle长方形regular polygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平面图形arc弧line, straightline直线line segment线段parallel lines平行线segment of a circle 弧形5.有关立体图形7.有关坐标coordinate system坐标系rectangular coordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标number line数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complex plane复平面8. 其它plane geometry 平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe 内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直Pythagorean theorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多边的一般词汇数学 mathematics, mathsBrE, mathAmE公理 axiom定理 theorem计算 calculation运算 operation证明 prove假设 hypothesis, hypothesespl.命题 proposition算术 arithmetic加 plusprep., addv., additionn.被加数 augend, summand加数 addend和sum减minusprep., subtractv., subtractionn.被减数 minuend减数 subtrahend差remainder乘timesprep., multiplyv., multiplicationn.被乘数 multiplicand,faciend乘数 multiplicator积product除divided byprep., dividev., divisionn.被除数 dividend除数 divisor商quotient等于 equals, is equalto, is equivalent to 大于 is greater than小于 is lesser than大于等于 is equal or greater than小于等于 is equal or lesser than运算符 operator数字 digit数number自然数 naturalnumber整数 integer小数 decimal小数点 decimalpoint分数 fraction分子 numerator分母 denominator比ratio正positive负negative零null, zero, nought, nil十进制 decimalsystem二进制 binary system十六进制 hexadecimalsystem权weight, significance进位 carry截尾 truncation四舍五入 round下舍入 rounddown上舍入 roundup有效数字 significant digit无效数字 insignificantdigit代数 algebra公式 formula,formulaepl.单项式 monomial多项式 polynomial, multinomial系数 coefficient未知数 unknown,x-factor, y-factor, z-factor 等式,方程式 equation一次方程 simple equation二次方程 quadratic equation三次方程 cubic equation四次方程 quartic equation不等式 inequation阶乘 factorial对数 logarithm指数,幂 exponent乘方 power二次方,平方 square三次方,立方 cube四次方 thepowerof four, thefourth powern 次方 thepowerof n, the nthpower开方evolution, extraction二次方根,平方根 square root三次方根,立方根 cube root四次方根 the root of four, the fourth root n 次方根 theroot of n, the nth root集合 aggregate元素 element空集 void子集 subset交集 intersection并集 union补集 complement映射 mapping函数 function定义域 domain, field of definition 值域 range常量 constant变量 variable单调性 monotonicity奇偶性 parity周期性 periodicity图象 image数列,级数 series微积分 calculus微分 differential导数 derivative极限 limit无穷大 infinitea. infinityn.无穷小 infinitesimal积分 integral定积分 definite integral不定积分 indefinite integral 有理数 rationalnumber无理数 irrationalnumber实数 realnumber虚数 imaginarynumber复数 complex number矩阵 matrix行列式 determinant几何 geometry点 point线 line面 plane体 solid线段 segment射线 radial平行 parallel相交 intersect角 angle角度 degree弧度 radian锐角 acute angle直角 rightangle钝角 obtuseangle平角 straight angle周角 perigon底 base边 side高 height三角形 triangle锐角三角形 acute triangle直角三角形 righttriangle直角边 leg斜边 hypotenuse勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem钝角三角形 obtusetriangle不等边三角形 scalenetriangle等腰三角形 isosceles triangle等边三角形 equilateral triangle四边形 quadrilateral平行四边形 parallelogram矩形 rectangle长 length宽 width菱形 rhomb, rhombus, rhombipl., diamond 正方形 square梯形 trapezoid直角梯形 righttrapezoid等腰梯形 isosceles trapezoid 五边形 pentagon六边形 hexagon七边形 heptagon八边形 octagon九边形 enneagon十边形 decagon十一边形 hendecagon十二边形 dodecagon多边形 polygon正多边形 equilateral polygon 圆 circle圆心 centreBrE, centerAmE半径 radius直径 diameter圆周率 pi弧 arc半圆 semicircle扇形 sector环 ring椭圆 ellipse圆周 circumference周长 perimeter面积 area轨迹 locus, locapl.相似 similar全等 congruent四面体 tetrahedron五面体 pentahedron六面体 hexahedron平行六面体 parallelepiped 立方体 cube七面体 heptahedron八面体 octahedron九面体 enneahedron十面体 decahedron十一面体 hendecahedron十二面体 dodecahedron二十面体 icosahedron多面体 polyhedron棱锥 pyramid棱柱 prism棱台 frustum of a prism 旋转 rotation轴 axis圆锥 cone圆柱 cylinder圆台 frustum of a cone球 sphere半球 hemisphere底面 undersurface表面积 surfacearea体积 volume空间 space坐标系 coordinates坐标轴 x-axis, y-axis, z-axis 横坐标 x-coordinate纵坐标 y-coordinate原点 origin双曲线 hyperbola抛物线 parabola三角 trigonometry正弦 sine余弦 cosine正切 tangent余切 cotangent正割 secant余割 cosecant反正弦 arc sine反余弦 arc cosine反正切 arc tangent反余切 arc cotangent反正割 arc secant反余割 arc cosecant相位 phase周期 period振幅 amplitude内心 incentreBrE, incenterAmE外心 excentreBrE,excenterAmE旁心 escentreBrE, escenterAmE垂心 orthocentreBrE, orthocenterAmE重心 barycentreBrE, barycenterAmE内切圆 inscribed circle外切圆 circumcircle统计 statistics平均数 average加权平均数 weighted average方差 variance标准差 root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation 比例 propotion百分比 percent百分点 percentage百分位数 percentile排列 permutation组合 combination概率,或然率 probability分布 distribution正态分布 normal distribution非正态分布 abnormaldistribution 图表 graph条形统计图 bar graph柱形统计图 histogram折线统计图 broken linegraph曲线统计图 curve diagram扇形统计图 piediagram其他数学词汇：mathematics数学theorem定理calculation计算operation运算arithmetic算术,四则运算addition加法subtraction减法multiplication乘法division除法sum和remainder余product积quotient商2 plus 1 equals3二加一等于三4 minus2 equals 2四减二等于二4 multiplied by 5, 4 times 5四乘以五addend加数plus sign加号minussign减号multiplicand被乘数multiplier乘数divisor除数dividend被除数decimal point小数点noughtpoint four零点四fraction分数ratio比proportion比例numerator分子common denominator公分母exponent指数differentialcalculus微分学integral calculus积分slide rule计算尺function函数derivative导数power幂,乘方to raise to the power of five 使乘五次方x squared某数的平方cube三次方threecubed三次方的to the fourth power,to the power of four 乘四次方square root平方根cube root立方根rule of three比例法logarithm对数logarithmtable对数表algebra代数equation等式,方程式unknown未知数simpleequation一次方程quadratic equation二次方程cubic equation三次方程微积分反函数: inverse function.幂函数: power function. 指数函数: exponential function. 对数函数: logarithmic function. 三角函数: trigonometric function. 反三角函数: anti-trigonometric function. 复合函数: compound function.初等函数: elementary function. 双曲函数: hyperbolic function.反双曲函数: anti-hyperbolic function. 无穷小:infinitesimal. 无穷大:infinity.连续性:continuity. 间断点:discontinuous point.介值定理:intermediate value theorem. 导数:derivative. 微分:differential. 函数的单调性:monotonicity of function. 曲线:curve. 曲线的凹凸性:concavity of curve. 曲线的拐点: keen point of curve.曲率:curvature. 不定积分: indefinite integralindeterminate integral. 定积分: definite integral. 广义积分:improper integral. 空间解析几何:space analytic geometry. 向量代数:vector algebra. 空间直角坐标系:space rectangular coordinate system. 数量积:scalar product. 向量积:vector product. 混合积:triple product. 曲面:surface. 二次曲面:second-degree surface.线性代数Aadjontadjugate of matrix A A 的伴随矩阵augmented matrix A 的增广矩阵Bblock diagonal matrix 块对角矩阵block matrix 块矩阵basic solution set 基础解系CCauchy-Schwarz inequality 柯西 - 许瓦兹不等式characteristic equation 特征方程characteristic polynomial 特征多项式coffcient matrix 系数矩阵cofactor 代数余子式cofactor expansion 代数余子式展开column vector 列向量commuting matrices 交换矩阵consistent linear system 相容线性方程组Cramer's rule 克莱姆法则Cross- product term 交叉项DDeterminant 行列式Diagonal entries 对角元素Diagonal matrix 对角矩阵Dimension of a vector space V 向量空间 V 的维数Eechelon matrix 梯形矩阵eigenspace 特征空间eigenvalue 特征值eigenvector 特征向量eigenvector basis 特征向量的基elementary matrix 初等矩阵elementary row operations 行初等变换Ffull rank 满秩fundermental set of solution 基础解系Ggrneral solution 通解Gram-Schmidt process 施密特正交化过程Hhomogeneous linear equations 齐次线性方程组Iidentity matrix 单位矩阵inconsistent linear system 不相容线性方程组indefinite matrix 不定矩阵indefinit quatratic form 不定二次型infinite-dimensional space 无限维空间inner product 内积inverse of matrix A 逆矩阵JKLlinear combination 线性组合linearly dependent 线性相关linearly independent 线性无关linear transformation 线性变换lower triangular matrix 下三角形矩阵Mmain diagonal of matrix A 矩阵的主对角matrix 矩阵Nnegative definite quaratic form 负定二次型negative semidefinite quadratic form 半负定二次型nonhomogeneous equations 非齐次线性方程组nonsigular matrix 非奇异矩阵nontrivial solution 非平凡解norm of vector V 向量 V 的范数normalizing vector V 规范化向量Oorthogonal basis 正交基orthogonal complemen t 正交补orthogonal decomposition 正交分解orthogonally diagonalizable matrix 矩阵的正交对角化orthogonal matrix 正交矩阵orthogonal set 正交向量组orthonormal basis 规范正交基orthonomal set 规范正交向量组Ppartitioned matrix 分块矩阵positive definite matrix 正定矩阵positive definite quatratic form 正定二次型positive semidefinite matrix 半正定矩阵positive semidefinite quadratic form 半正定二次型Qquatratic form 二次型rank of matrix A 矩阵 A 的秩 rAreduced echelon matrix 最简梯形阵row vector 行向量Sset spanned by { } 由向量 { } 所生成similar matrices 相似矩阵similarity transformation 相似变换singular matrix 奇异矩阵solution set 解集合standard basis 标准基standard matrix 标准矩阵 Isubmatrix 子矩阵subspace 子空间symmetric matrix 对称矩阵Ttrace of matrix A 矩阵 A 的迹 tr Atranspose of A 矩阵 A 的转秩triangle inequlity 三角不等式trivial solution 平凡解Uunit vector 单位向量upper triangular matrix 上三角形矩阵vandermonde matrix 范得蒙矩阵vector 向量vector space 向量空间WZzero subspace 零子空间zero vector 零空间概率与统计Probability theory 概率论mathematical statistics数理统计deterministic phenomenon确定性现象random phenomenon随机现象sample space样本空间random occurrence随机事件fundamental event基本事件certain event必然事件impossible event不可能事件random test随机试验incompatible events互不相容事件frequency 频率classical probabilistic model 古典概型geometric probability 几何概率conditional probability条件概率multiplication theorem乘法定理Bayes's formula贝叶斯公式Prior probability先验概率Posterior probability后验概率Independent events相互独立事件Bernoulli trials 贝努利试验random variable随机变量probability distribution概率分布distribution function分布函数discrete random variable 离散随机变量distribution law分布律hypergeometric distribution超几何分布random sampling model 随机抽样模型binomial distribution二项分布Poisson distribution泊松分布geometric distribution几何分布probability density概率密度continuous random variable 连续随机变量uniformly distribution均匀分布exponential distribution 指数分布numerical character数字特征mathematical expectation数学期望variance 方差moment 矩central moment中心矩n-dimensional random variable n-维随机变量two-dimensionalrandom variable 二维离散随机变量joint probability distribution 联合概率分布joint distribution law 联合分布律joint distribution function 联合分布函数boundary distribution law 边缘分布律boundary distribution function 边缘分布函数exponential distribution 二维指数分布continuous random variable 二维连续随机变量joint probability density 联合概率密度boundary probability density 边缘概率密度conditional distribution条件分布conditional distribution law 条件分布律conditional probability density 条件概率密度covariance 协方差dependency coefficient相关系数normal distribution 正态分布limit theorem 极限定理standard normal distribution 标准正态分布logarithmic normal distribution 对数正态分布covariance matrix协方差矩阵central limit theorem 中心极限定理Chebyshev'sinequality 切比雪夫不等式Bernoulli's lawoflarge numbers 贝努利大数定律statistics 统计量simple random sample 简单随机样本sample distribution function 样本分布函数sample mean样本均值sample variance样本方差sample standard deviation 样本标准差sample covariance 样本协方差sample correlation coefficient 样本相关系数order statistics 顺序统计量sample median样本中位数sample fractiles样本极差sampling distribution 抽样分布parameter estimation 参数估计estimator 估计量estimate value 估计值unbiased estimator 无偏估计unbiassedness 无偏性biased error 偏差mean square error 均方误差relative efficient相对有效性minimum variance 最小方差asymptotic unbiased estimator 渐近无偏估计量uniformly estimator一致性估计量moment method of estimation 矩法估计maximum likelihood methodofestimation 极大似然估计法likelihood function 似然函数maximum likelihood estimator 极大似然估计值interval estimation 区间估计hypothesis testing 假设检验statistical hypothesis 统计假设simple hypothesis 简单假设composite hypothesis复合假设rejection region 拒绝域acceptance domain 接受域test statistics 检验统计量linear regression analysis 线性回归分析。
代数部分1.有关基本运算：add, plus加subtract减difference差multiply, times乘product积divide除divisible可被整除的divided evenly被整除dividend被除数divisor因子，除数quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方radical sign, root sign根号round to四舍五入to the nearest四舍五入2.有关集合union并集proper subset真子集solution set解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraic term代数项like terms, similar terms同类项numerical coefficient数字系数literal coefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangle inequality三角不等式range值域original equation原方程equivalent equation同解方程等价方程linear equation线性方程(e.g.5 x +6=22) 4.有关分数和小数proper fraction真分数improper fraction假分数mixed number带分数vulgar fraction, common fraction普通分数simple fraction简分数complex fraction繁分数numerator分子denominator分母(least)common denominator(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimal fraction纯小数infinite decimal无穷小数recurring decimal循环小数tenths unit十分位5.基本数学概念arithmetic mean算术平均值weighted average加权平均值geometric mean几何平均数exponent指数，幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数，立方体square root平方根cube root立方根common logarithm常用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量inverse function反函数complementary function余函数linear一次的，线性的factorization因式分解absolute value绝对值，e.g.｜-32｜=32round off四舍五入6.有关数论natural number自然数positive number正数negative number负数odd integer, odd number奇数even integer, even number偶数integer, whole number整数positive whole number正整数negative whole number负整数consecutive number连续整数real number, rational number实数,有理数irrational(number)无理数composite number合数e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15……prime number质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15……reciprocal倒数common divisor公约数multiple倍数(least)common multiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子common factor公因子ordinary scale, decimal scale十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位mode众数median中数common ratio公比7.数列arithmetic progression(sequence)等差数列geometric progression(sequence)等比数列8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数direct proportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计，近似parentheses括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometric function三角函数unit单位,位几何部分1.所有的角alternate angle内错角corresponding angle同位角vertical angle对顶角central angle圆心角interior angle内角exterior angle外角supplementary angles补角complementary angle余角adjacent angle邻角acute angle锐角obtuse angle钝角right angle直角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夹角2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle等边三角形scalene triangle不等边三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle内接三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle半圆concentric circles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle长方形regular polygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平面图形arc弧line, straight line直线line segment线段parallel lines平行线segment of a circle弧形5.有关立体图形cube立方体，立方数rectangular solid长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体circular cylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的6.有关图形上的附属物altitude高depth深度side边长circumference, perimeter周长radian弧度surface area 表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股cross section横截面center of a circle圆心chord弦radius半径angle bisector角平分线diagonal对角线diameter直径edge棱face of a solid立体的面hypotenuse斜边included side夹边leg三角形的直角边median of a triangle三角形的中线base底边，底数(e.g.2的5次方，2就是底数) opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距7.有关坐标coordinate system坐标系rectangular coordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标number line数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complex plane复平面8. 其它plane geometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直Pythagorean theorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多边的一般词汇数学mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE) 公理axiom定理theorem计算calculation运算operation证明prove假设hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)命题proposition算术arithmetic加plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)被加数augend, summand和sum减minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.) 被减数minuend减数subtrahend差remainder乘times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.) 被乘数multiplicand,faciend乘数multiplicator积product除divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.)被除数dividend除数divisor商quotient等于equals, is equalto, is equivalent to大于is greater than小于is lesser than大于等于is equal or greater than小于等于is equal or lesser than运算符operator数字digit数number自然数naturalnumber整数integer小数点decimalpoint分数fraction分子numerator分母denominator比ratio正positive负negative零null, zero, nought, nil十进制decimalsystem二进制binary system十六进制hexadecimalsystem 权weight, significance进位carry截尾truncation四舍五入round下舍入rounddown上舍入roundup有效数字significant digit无效数字insignificantdigit代数algebra公式formula,formulae(pl.)单项式monomial多项式polynomial, multinomial未知数unknown,x-factor, y-factor, z-factor 等式，方程式equation一次方程simple equation二次方程quadratic equation三次方程cubic equation四次方程quartic equation不等式inequation阶乘factorial对数logarithm指数，幂exponent乘方power二次方，平方square三次方，立方cube四次方thepowerof four, thefourth power n 次方thepowerof n, the nthpower开方evolution, extraction二次方根，平方根square root三次方根，立方根cube root四次方根the root of four, the fourth rootn 次方根theroot of n, the nth root集合aggregate元素element空集void交集intersection并集union补集complement映射mapping函数function定义域domain, field of definition 值域range常量constant变量variable单调性monotonicity奇偶性parity周期性periodicity图象image数列，级数series微积分calculus微分differential导数derivative极限limit无穷大infinite(a.) infinity(n.)无穷小infinitesimal积分integral定积分definite integral不定积分indefinite integral无理数irrationalnumber 实数realnumber虚数imaginarynumber 复数complex number 矩阵matrix行列式determinant几何geometry点point线line面plane体solid线段segment射线radial平行parallel相交intersect角angle角度degree弧度radian锐角acute angle直角rightangle钝角obtuseangle平角straight angle周角perigon边side高height三角形triangle锐角三角形acute triangle直角三角形righttriangle直角边leg斜边hypotenuse勾股定理Pythagorean theorem钝角三角形obtusetriangle不等边三角形scalenetriangle等腰三角形isosceles triangle等边三角形equilateral triangle四边形quadrilateral平行四边形parallelogram矩形rectangle长length宽width菱形rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond 正方形square梯形trapezoid直角梯形righttrapezoid等腰梯形isosceles trapezoid五边形pentagon七边形heptagon八边形octagon九边形enneagon十边形decagon十一边形hendecagon十二边形dodecagon多边形polygon正多边形equilateral polygon 圆circle圆心centre(BrE), center(AmE) 半径radius直径diameter圆周率pi弧arc半圆semicircle扇形sector环ring椭圆ellipse圆周circumference周长perimeter面积area轨迹locus, loca(pl.)相似similar四面体tetrahedron五面体pentahedron六面体hexahedron平行六面体parallelepiped 立方体cube七面体heptahedron八面体octahedron九面体enneahedron十面体decahedron十一面体hendecahedron 十二面体dodecahedron 二十面体icosahedron多面体polyhedron棱锥pyramid棱柱prism棱台frustum of a prism旋转rotation轴axis圆锥cone圆柱cylinder圆台frustum of a cone球sphere半球hemisphere表面积surfacearea体积volume空间space坐标系coordinates坐标轴x-axis, y-axis, z-axis 横坐标x-coordinate纵坐标y-coordinate原点origin双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola三角trigonometry正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant反正弦arc sine反余弦arc cosine反正切arc tangent反余切arc cotangent反正割arc secant反余割arc cosecant周期period振幅amplitude内心incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE)外心excentre(BrE),excenter(AmE)旁心escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE)垂心orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)重心barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)内切圆inscribed circle外切圆circumcircle统计statistics平均数average加权平均数weighted average方差variance标准差root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation 比例propotion百分比percent百分点percentage百分位数percentile排列permutation组合combination概率，或然率probability分布distribution正态分布normal distribution图表graph条形统计图bar graph柱形统计图histogram折线统计图broken linegraph 曲线统计图curve diagram 扇形统计图piediagram其他数学词汇：mathematics数学theorem定理calculation计算operation运算arithmetic算术，四则运算addition加法subtraction减法multiplication乘法sum和remainder余product积quotient商2 plus 1 equals3二加一等于三4 minus2 equals 2四减二等于二4 multiplied by 5, 4 times5 四乘以五addend加数plus sign加号minussign减号multiplicand被乘数除数dividend被除数decimal point小数点noughtpoint four零点四fraction分数ratio比proportion比例numerator分子common denominator 公分母exponent指数differentialcalculus 微分学计算尺function函数derivative导数power幂,乘方to raise to the power of five使乘五次方x squared某数的平方cube三次方threecubed三次方的to the fourth power,to the power of four 乘四次方square root平方根cube root立方根对数logarithmtable对数表algebra代数equation等式，方程式unknown未知数simpleequation一次方程quadratic equation二次方程cubic equation三次方程微积分反函数: inverse function.幂函数: power function.指数函数: exponential function. 对数函数: logarithmic function.反三角函数: anti-trigonometric function.复合函数: compound function.初等函数: elementary function.双曲函数: hyperbolic function.反双曲函数: anti-hyperbolic function.无穷小:infinitesimal.无穷大:infinity.连续性:continuity.间断点:discontinuous point.介值定理:intermediate value theorem.导数:derivative. 微分:differential.函数的单调性:monotonicity of function.曲线:curve. 曲线的凹凸性:concavity of curve.曲线的拐点: keen point of curve.曲率:curvature.不定积分: indefinite integral(indeterminate integral). 定积分: definite integral.广义积分:improper integral.空间解析几何:space analytic geometry.向量代数:vector algebra.空间直角坐标系:space rectangular coordinate system. 数量积:scalar product.向量积:vector product.曲面:surface.二次曲面:second-degree surface.线性代数Aadjont(adjugate) of matrix A A 的伴随矩阵augmented matrix A 的增广矩阵Bblock diagonal matrix 块对角矩阵block matrix 块矩阵basic solution set 基础解系CCauchy-Schwarz inequality 柯西- 许瓦兹不等式characteristic equation 特征方程characteristic polynomial 特征多项式coffcient matrix 系数矩阵cofactor 代数余子式cofactor expansion 代数余子式展开column vector 列向量commuting matrices 交换矩阵consistent linear system 相容线性方程组Cramer's rule 克莱姆法则Cross- product term 交叉项Determinant 行列式Diagonal entries 对角元素Diagonal matrix 对角矩阵Dimension of a vector space V 向量空间V 的维数Eechelon matrix 梯形矩阵eigenspace 特征空间eigenvalue 特征值eigenvector 特征向量eigenvector basis 特征向量的基elementary matrix 初等矩阵elementary row operations 行初等变换Ffull rank 满秩fundermental set of solution 基础解系Ggrneral solution 通解Gram-Schmidt process 施密特正交化过程Hhomogeneous linear equations 齐次线性方程组Iidentity matrix 单位矩阵inconsistent linear system 不相容线性方程组indefinit quatratic form 不定二次型infinite-dimensional space 无限维空间inner product 内积inverse of matrix A 逆矩阵JKLlinear combination 线性组合linearly dependent 线性相关linearly independent 线性无关linear transformation 线性变换lower triangular matrix 下三角形矩阵Mmain diagonal of matrix A 矩阵的主对角matrix 矩阵Nnegative definite quaratic form 负定二次型negative semidefinite quadratic form 半负定二次型nonhomogeneous equations 非齐次线性方程组nonsigular matrix 非奇异矩阵nontrivial solution 非平凡解norm of vector V 向量V 的范数normalizing vector V 规范化向量orthogonal basis 正交基orthogonal complemen t 正交补orthogonal decomposition 正交分解orthogonally diagonalizable matrix 矩阵的正交对角化orthogonal matrix 正交矩阵orthogonal set 正交向量组orthonormal basis 规范正交基orthonomal set 规范正交向量组Ppartitioned matrix 分块矩阵positive definite matrix 正定矩阵positive definite quatratic form 正定二次型positive semidefinite matrix 半正定矩阵positive semidefinite quadratic form 半正定二次型Qquatratic form 二次型Rrank of matrix A 矩阵A 的秩r(A )reduced echelon matrix 最简梯形阵row vector 行向量Sset spanned by { } 由向量{ } 所生成similar matrices 相似矩阵similarity transformation 相似变换singular matrix 奇异矩阵solution set 解集合standard basis 标准基standard matrix 标准矩阵I submatrix 子矩阵subspace 子空间symmetric matrix 对称矩阵Ttrace of matrix A 矩阵A 的迹tr ( A ) transpose of A 矩阵A 的转秩triangle inequlity 三角不等式trivial solution 平凡解Uunit vector 单位向量upper triangular matrix 上三角形矩阵Vvandermonde matrix 范得蒙矩阵vector 向量vector space 向量空间WZzero subspace 零子空间zero vector 零空间概率与统计Probability theory 概率论mathematical statistics 数理统计deterministic phenomenon 确定性现象random phenomenon 随机现象sample space 样本空间random occurrence 随机事件fundamental event 基本事件certain event 必然事件impossible event 不可能事件random test 随机试验incompatible events 互不相容事件frequency 频率classical probabilistic model 古典概型geometric probability 几何概率conditional probability 条件概率multiplication theorem 乘法定理Bayes's formula 贝叶斯公式Prior probability 先验概率Posterior probability 后验概率Independent events 相互独立事件Bernoulli trials 贝努利试验random variable 随机变量probability distribution 概率分布distribution function 分布函数discrete random variable 离散随机变量distribution law 分布律hypergeometric distribution 超几何分布random sampling model 随机抽样模型binomial distribution 二项分布Poisson distribution 泊松分布geometric distribution 几何分布probability density 概率密度continuous random variable 连续随机变量uniformly distribution 均匀分布exponential distribution 指数分布numerical character 数字特征mathematical expectation 数学期望variance 方差moment 矩central moment 中心矩n-dimensional random variable n-维随机变量two-dimensional random variable 二维离散随机变量joint probability distribution 联合概率分布joint distribution law 联合分布律joint distribution function 联合分布函数boundary distribution law 边缘分布律boundary distribution function 边缘分布函数exponential distribution 二维指数分布continuous random variable 二维连续随机变量joint probability density 联合概率密度boundary probability density 边缘概率密度conditional distribution 条件分布conditional distribution law 条件分布律conditional probability density 条件概率密度covariance 协方差dependency coefficient 相关系数normal distribution 正态分布limit theorem 极限定理standard normal distribution 标准正态分布logarithmic normal distribution 对数正态分布covariance matrix 协方差矩阵central limit theorem 中心极限定理Chebyshev's inequality 切比雪夫不等式Bernoulli's law of large numbers 贝努利大数定律statistics 统计量simple random sample 简单随机样本sample distribution function 样本分布函数sample mean 样本均值sample variance 样本方差sample standard deviation 样本标准差sample covariance 样本协方差sample correlation coefficient 样本相关系数order statistics 顺序统计量sample median 样本中位数sample fractiles 样本极差sampling distribution 抽样分布parameter estimation 参数估计estimator 估计量estimate value 估计值unbiased estimator 无偏估计unbiassedness 无偏性biased error 偏差mean square error 均方误差relative efficient 相对有效性minimum variance 最小方差asymptotic unbiased estimator 渐近无偏估计量uniformly estimator 一致性估计量moment method of estimation 矩法估计maximum likelihood method of estimation 极大似然估计法likelihood function 似然函数maximum likelihood estimator 极大似然估计值interval estimation 区间估计hypothesis testing 假设检验statistical hypothesis 统计假设simple hypothesis 简单假设composite hypothesis 复合假设rejection region 拒绝域acceptance domain 接受域test statistics 检验统计量linear regression analysis 线性回归分析。
Mathematics1. The number systemPositive number 正数negative number 负数integer 整数fraction 分数Rational number 有理数irrational number 无理数Origin 原点number axis 数轴absolute value 绝对值opposite number 相反数addition 加法subtraction 减法multiplication 乘法division 除法involution 乘方base number 底exponent 指数power 幂square 平方cube 立方scientific notation 科学计数法square root 平方根extraction of square root 开平方cube root 立方根extraction of cubic root 开立方real number 实数approximate number 近似数arithmetic mean 算术平均数或平均数weight 权median 中位数mode 众数variance 方差2. 4. Linear equations & linear systemlinear equation with one unknown 一元一次方程linear inequalities 一元不等式solution of equation 方程的解solving equation 解方程moving terms 移项3. quadratic equationsquadratic equation with one unknown 一元二次方程5. linear functions 一次函数（复数）constant 常量variable 变量function 函数graph 图像direct proportion function正比例函数6. quadratic function 二次函数parabola 抛物线8. 10. 11. 12circular cylinder 圆柱circular cone 圆锥cube 正方体cuboid 长方体sphere 球pyramid 棱锥prism 棱柱point 点line 线surface 面graph transformations 图形的运动translation 平移rotation 旋转congruent figures 全等图形congruent triangles 全等三角形corresponding vertices 对应顶点corresponding sides 对应边corresponding angles 对应角regular polygon 正多边形similar figures 相似形similar polygons 相似多边形similarity ratio 相似比9. angles in parallel lines 平行线中的角angle 角angular bisector 角的平分线complementary angle 余角supplementary angle 补角parallel lines 平行线perpendicular line 垂线foot of a perpendicular 垂足vertical line segment 垂线段the distance between a point to a straight line 点到直线的距离14. circlecentre of a circle 圆心radius 半径chord 弦diameter 直径arc 弧major arc 优弧minor arc 劣弧central angle 圆心角concentric circles 同心圆equal circle 等圆equal arc 等弧circumcircle of triangle 三角形的外接圆circumcenter of triangle 三角形的外心angle in a segment 圆周角quadrilateral in a circle圆的内接四边形tangent line of a circle 圆的切线tangent point 切点Inscribed circle of triangle 三角形的内切圆incenter of triangle 三角形的内心length of the tangent 切线长15. probability 概率impossible event 不可能事件certain event 必然事件random event 随机事件statistics 统计absolute frequency 頻数relative frequency 频率frequency distribution table 頻数分布表frequency distribution histogram頻数分布直方图。
态射(morphism);域(domain);陪域(codomain);泛代数(universal algebra)拓扑学(topology);点集拓扑(或一般拓扑)General Topology微分流形 differential manifold流形 manifold微分方程 Differential Equations渐近性 Asymptotic Behavior三阶拟线性 Third Order Quasilinear牛顿冷却定律 Newton's law of cooling微分算子 differential operatordiffeomorphism 微分同胚122226s admissible s容许的s matrix s矩阵saddle point 鞍点saddle point method 鞍点法salient angle 凸角salient point 折点saltusfunction 跳跃函数sample 样本sample correlation coefficient 样本相关系数sample correlation matrix 样本相关阵sample covariance 样本协方差sample covariance matrix 样本协方差阵sample dispersion 样本方差sample function 样本函数sample mean 样本均值sample median 样本中位数sample moment 样本矩sample point 样本点sample quartile 样本四分位数sample size 样本的大小sample space 样本空间sample survey 样本甸sample unit 抽样单位sample variable 样本变量sample variance 样本方差sampling 抽样sampling distribution 样本分布sampling error 抽样误差sampling fraction 抽样比sampling inspection 抽样检查sampling method 抽样法sampling moment 样本矩sampling ratio 抽样比sampling survey 样本甸sampling unit 抽样单位sarrus rule 萨律法satisfiable 可满足的satisfy 满足saturated set 浸润集saturated subset 浸润子集saturated vertex 饱和顶点saturation curve 饱和曲线scalar 纯量scalar curvature 纯量曲率scalar density 纯量密度scalar field 纯量场。
数学中英语专业名词Aabelian group：阿贝尔群；absolute geometry：绝对几何；absolute value：绝对值；abstract algebra：抽象代数；addition：加法；algebra：代数；algebraic closure：代数闭包；algebraic geometry：代数几何；algebraic geometry and analytic geometry：代数几何和解析几何；algebraic numbers：代数数；algorithm：算法；almost all：绝大多数；analytic function：解析函数；analytic geometry：解析几何；and：且；angle：角度；anticommutative：反交换律；antisymmetric relation：反对称关系；antisymmetry：反对称性；approximately equal：约等于；Archimedean field：阿基米德域；Archimedean group：阿基米德群；area：面积；arithmetic：算术；associative algebra：结合代数；associativity：结合律；axiom：公理；axiom of constructibility：可构造公理；axiom of empty set：空集公理；axiom of extensionality：外延公理；axiom of foundation：正则公理；axiom of pairing：对集公理；axiom of regularity：正则公理；axiom of replacement：代换公理；axiom of union：并集公理；axiom schema of separation：分离公理；axiom schema of specification：分离公理；axiomatic set theory：公理集合论；axiomatic system：公理系统；BBaire space：贝利空间；basis：基；Bézout's identity：贝祖恒等式；Bernoulli's inequality：伯努利不等式；Big O notation：大O符号；bilinear operator：双线性算子；binary operation：二元运算；binary predicate：二元谓词；binary relation：二元关系；Boolean algebra：布尔代数；Boolean logic：布尔逻辑；Boolean ring：布尔环；boundary：边界；boundary point：边界点；bounded lattice：有界格；Ccalculus：微积分学；Cantor's diagonal argument：康托尔对角线方法；cardinal number：基数；cardinality：势；cardinality of the continuum：连续统的势；Cartesian coordinate system：直角坐标系；Cartesian product：笛卡尔积；category：范畴；Cauchy sequence：柯西序列；Cauchy-Schwarz inequality：柯西不等式；Ceva's Theorem：塞瓦定理；characteristic：特征；characteristic polynomial：特征多项式；circle：圆；class：类；closed：闭集；closure：封闭性或闭包；closure algebra：闭包代数；combinatorial identities：组合恒等式；commutative group：交换群；commutative ring：交换环；commutativity:：交换律；compact：紧致的；compact set：紧致集合；compact space：紧致空间；complement：补集或补运算；complete lattice：完备格；complete metric space：完备的度量空间；complete space：完备空间；complex manifold：复流形；complex plane：复平面；congruence：同余；congruent：全等；connected space：连通空间；constructible universe：可构造全集；constructions of the real numbers：实数的构造；continued fraction：连分数；continuous：连续；continuum hypothesis：连续统假设；contractible space：可缩空间；convergence space：收敛空间；cosine：余弦；countable：可数；countable set：可数集；cross product：叉积；cycle space：圈空间；cyclic group：循环群；Dde Morgan's laws：德·摩根律；Dedekind completion：戴德金完备性；Dedekind cut：戴德金分割；del：微分算子；dense：稠密；densely ordered：稠密排列；derivative：导数；determinant：行列式；diffeomorphism：可微同构；difference：差；differentiable manifold：可微流形；differential calculus：微分学；dimension：维数；directed graph：有向图；discrete space：离散空间；discriminant：判别式；distance：距离；distributivity：分配律；dividend：被除数；dividing：除；divisibility：整除；division：除法；divisor：除数；dot product：点积；Eeigenvalue：特征值；eigenvector：特征向量；element：元素；elementary algebra：初等代数；empty function：空函数；empty set：空集；empty product：空积；equal：等于；equality：等式或等于；equation：方程；equivalence relation：等价关系；Euclidean geometry：欧几里德几何；Euclidean metric：欧几里德度量；Euclidean space：欧几里德空间；Euler's identity：欧拉恒等式；even number：偶数；event：事件；existential quantifier：存在量词；exponential function：指数函数；exponential identities：指数恒等式；expression：表达式；extended real number line：扩展的实数轴；Ffalse：假；field：域；finite：有限；finite field：有限域；finite set：有限集合；first-countable space：第一可数空间；first order logic：一阶逻辑；foundations of mathematics：数学基础；function：函数；functional analysis：泛函分析；functional predicate：函数谓词；fundamental theorem of algebra：代数基本定理；fraction：分数；Ggauge space：规格空间；general linear group：一般线性群；geometry：几何学；gradient：梯度；graph：图；graph of a relation：关系图；graph theory：图论；greatest element：最大元；group：群；group homomorphism：群同态；HHausdorff space：豪斯多夫空间；hereditarily finite set：遗传有限集合；Heron's formula：海伦公式；Hilbert space：希尔伯特空间；Hilbert's axioms：希尔伯特公理系统；Hodge decomposition：霍奇分解；Hodge Laplacian：霍奇拉普拉斯算子；homeomorphism：同胚；horizontal：水平；hyperbolic function identities：双曲线函数恒等式；hypergeometric function identities：超几何函数恒等式；hyperreal number：超实数；Iidentical：同一的；identity：恒等式；identity element：单位元；identity matrix：单位矩阵；idempotent：幂等；if：若；if and only if：当且仅当；iff：当且仅当；imaginary number：虚数；inclusion：包含；index set：索引集合；indiscrete space：非离散空间；inequality：不等式或不等；inequality of arithmetic and geometric means：平均数不等式；infimum：下确界；infinite series：无穷级数；infinite：无穷大；infinitesimal：无穷小；infinity：无穷大；initial object：初始对象；inner angle：内角；inner product：内积；inner product space：内积空间；integer：整数；integer sequence：整数列；integral：积分；integral domain：整数环；interior：内部；interior algebra：内部代数；interior point：内点；intersection：交集；inverse element：逆元；invertible matrix：可逆矩阵；interval：区间；involution：回旋；irrational number：无理数；isolated point：孤点；isomorphism：同构；JJacobi identity：雅可比恒等式；join：并运算；K格式：Kuratowski closure axioms：Kuratowski 闭包公理；Lleast element：最小元；Lebesgue measure：勒贝格测度；Leibniz's law：莱布尼茨律；Lie algebra：李代数；Lie group：李群；limit：极限；limit point：极限点；line：线；line segment：线段；linear：线性；linear algebra：线性代数；linear operator：线性算子；linear space：线性空间；linear transformation：线性变换；linearity：线性性；list of inequalities：不等式列表；list of linear algebra topics：线性代数相关条目；locally compact space：局部紧致空间；logarithmic identities：对数恒等式；logic：逻辑学；logical positivism：逻辑实证主义；law of cosines：余弦定理；L??wenheim-Skolem theorem：L??wenheim-Skolem 定理；lower limit topology：下限拓扑；Mmagnitude：量；manifold：流形；map：映射；mathematical symbols：数学符号；mathematical analysis：数学分析；mathematical proof：数学证明；mathematics：数学；matrix：矩阵；matrix multiplication：矩阵乘法；meaning：语义； measure：测度；meet：交运算；member：元素；metamathematics：元数学；metric：度量；metric space：度量空间；model：模型；model theory：模型论；modular arithmetic：模运算；module：模；monotonic function：单调函数；multilinear algebra：多重线性代数；multiplication：乘法；multiset：多样集；Nnaive set theory：朴素集合论；natural logarithm：自然对数；natural number：自然数；natural science：自然科学；negative number：负数；neighbourhood：邻域；New Foundations：新基础理论；nine point circle：九点圆；non-Euclidean geometry：非欧几里德几何；nonlinearity：非线性；non-singular matrix：非奇异矩阵；nonstandard model：非标准模型；nonstandard analysis：非标准分析；norm：范数；normed vector space：赋范向量空间；n-tuple：n 元组或多元组；nullary：空；nullary intersection：空交集；number：数；number line：数轴；Oobject：对象；octonion：八元数；one-to-one correspondence：一一对应；open：开集；open ball：开球；operation：运算；operator：算子；or：或；order topology：序拓扑；ordered field：有序域；ordered pair：有序对；ordered set：偏序集；ordinal number：序数；ordinary mathematics：一般数学；origin：原点；orthogonal matrix：正交矩阵；Pp-adic number：p进数；paracompact space：仿紧致空间；parallel postulate：平行公理；parallelepiped：平行六面体；parallelogram：平行四边形；partial order：偏序关系；partition：分割；Peano arithmetic：皮亚诺公理；Pedoe's inequality：佩多不等式；perpendicular：垂直；philosopher：哲学家；philosophy：哲学；philosophy journals：哲学类杂志；plane：平面；plural quantification：复数量化；point：点；Point-Line-Plane postulate：点线面假设；polar coordinates：极坐标系；polynomial：多项式；polynomial sequence：多项式列；positive-definite matrix：正定矩阵；positive-semidefinite matrix：半正定矩阵；power set：幂集；predicate：谓词；predicate logic：谓词逻辑；preorder：预序关系；prime number：素数；product：积；proof：证明；proper class：纯类；proper subset：真子集；property：性质；proposition：命题；pseudovector：伪向量；Pythagorean theorem：勾股定理；QQ.E.D.：Q.E.D.；quaternion：四元数；quaternions and spatial rotation：四元数与空间旋转；question：疑问句；quotient field：商域；quotient set：商集；Rradius：半径；ratio：比；rational number：有理数；real analysis：实分析；real closed field：实闭域；real line：实数轴；real number：实数；real number line：实数线；reflexive relation：自反关系；reflexivity：自反性；reification：具体化；relation：关系；relative complement：相对补集；relatively complemented lattice：相对补格；right angle：直角；right-handed rule：右手定则；ring：环；Sscalar：标量；second-countable space：第二可数空间；self-adjoint operator：自伴随算子；sentence：判断；separable space：可分空间；sequence：数列或序列；sequence space：序列空间；series：级数；sesquilinear function：半双线性函数；set：集合；set-theoretic definition of natural numbers：自然数的集合论定义；set theory：集合论；several complex variables：一些复变量；shape：几何形状；sign function：符号函数；singleton：单元素集合；social science：社会科学；solid geometry：立体几何；space：空间；spherical coordinates：球坐标系；square matrix：方块矩阵；square root：平方根；strict：严格；structural recursion：结构递归；subset：子集；subsequence：子序列；subspace：子空间；subspace topology：子空间拓扑；subtraction：减法；sum：和；summation：求和；supremum：上确界；surreal number：超实数；symmetric difference：对称差；symmetric relation：对称关系；system of linear equations：线性方程组；Ttensor：张量；terminal object：终结对象；the algebra of sets：集合代数；theorem：定理；top element：最大元；topological field：拓扑域；topological manifold：拓扑流形；topological space：拓扑空间；topology：拓扑或拓扑学；total order：全序关系；totally disconnected：完全不连贯；totally ordered set：全序集；transcendental number：超越数；transfinite recursion：超限归纳法；transitivity：传递性；transitive relation：传递关系；transpose：转置；triangle inequality：三角不等式；trigonometric identities：三角恒等式；triple product：三重积；trivial topology：密着拓扑；true：真；truth value：真值；Uunary operation：一元运算；uncountable：不可数； uniform space：一致空间；union：并集；unique：唯一；unit interval：单位区间；unit step function：单位阶跃函数；unit vector：单位向量；universal quantification：全称量词；universal set：全集；upper bound：上界；Vvacuously true：??；Vandermonde's identity：Vandermonde 恒等式；variable：变量；vector：向量；vector calculus：向量分析；vector space：向量空间；Venn diagram：文氏图；volume：体积；von Neumann ordinal：冯·诺伊曼序数；von Neumann universe：冯·诺伊曼全集；vulgar fraction：分数；ZZermelo set theory：策梅罗集合论；Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory：策梅罗-弗兰克尔集合论；ZF set theory：ZF 系统；zero：零；zero object：零对象；。
. 代数部分1.有关基本运算：add, plus加subtract减difference差multiply, times乘product积divide除divisible可被整除的divided evenly被整除dividend被除数divisor因子，除数quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方radical sign, root sign根号round to四舍五入to the nearest四舍五入2.有关集合union并集proper subset真子集solution set解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraic term代数项like terms, similar terms同类项numerical coefficient数字系数literal coefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangle inequality三角不等式range值域original equation原方程equivalent equation同解方程等价方程linear equation线性方程(e.g.5 x +6=22) 4.有关分数和小数proper fraction真分数improper fraction假分数mixed number带分数vulgar fraction, common fraction普通分数simple fraction简分数complex fraction繁分数numerator分子denominator分母(least)common denominator(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimal fraction纯小数infinite decimal无穷小数recurring decimal循环小数tenths unit十分位5.基本数学概念arithmetic mean算术平均值weighted average加权平均值geometric mean几何平均数exponent指数，幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数，立方体square root平方根cube root立方根common logarithm常用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量inverse function反函数complementary function余函数linear一次的，线性的factorization因式分解absolute value绝对值，e.g.｜-32｜=32round off四舍五入6.有关数论natural number自然数positive number正数negative number负数odd integer, odd number奇数even integer, even number偶数integer, whole number整数positive whole number正整数negative whole number负整数consecutive number连续整数real number, rational number实数,有理数irrational(number)无理数composite number合数e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15……prime number质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15……reciprocal倒数common divisor公约数multiple倍数(least)common multiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子common factor公因子ordinary scale, decimal scale十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位mode众数median中数common ratio公比7.数列arithmetic progression(sequence)等差数列geometric progression(sequence)等比数列8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数. direct proportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计，近似parentheses括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometric function三角函数unit单位,位几何部分1.所有的角alternate angle内错角corresponding angle同位角vertical angle对顶角central angle圆心角interior angle内角exterior angle外角supplementary angles补角complementary angle余角adjacent angle邻角. acute angle锐角obtuse angle钝角right angle直角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夹角2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle等边三角形scalene triangle不等边三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle内接三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle半圆concentric circles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形. heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle长方形regular polygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平面图形arc弧line, straight line直线line segment线段parallel lines平行线segment of a circle弧形5.有关立体图形cube立方体，立方数rectangular solid长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体circular cylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的6.有关图形上的附属物altitude高depth深度side边长circumference, perimeter周长radian弧度surface area 表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股cross section横截面center of a circle圆心chord弦radius半径angle bisector角平分线diagonal对角线diameter直径edge棱face of a solid立体的面hypotenuse斜边included side夹边leg三角形的直角边median of a triangle三角形的中线base底边，底数(e.g.2的5次方，2就是底数) opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距7.有关坐标coordinate system坐标系rectangular coordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标number line数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complex plane复平面8. 其它plane geometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直Pythagorean theorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多边的一般词汇数学mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE)公理axiom定理theorem计算calculation运算operation证明prove假设hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)命题proposition算术arithmetic加plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)被加数augend, summand加数addend和sum减minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.)被减数minuend减数subtrahend差remainder乘times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.)被乘数multiplicand,faciend乘数multiplicator积product除divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.)被除数dividend除数divisor. 商quotient等于equals, is equalto, is equivalent to大于is greater than小于is lesser than大于等于is equal or greater than小于等于is equal or lesser than运算符operator数字digit数number自然数naturalnumber整数integer小数decimal小数点decimalpoint分数fraction分子numerator分母denominator比ratio正positive负negative零null, zero, nought, nil十进制decimalsystem二进制binary system十六进制hexadecimalsystem权weight, significance进位carry截尾truncation四舍五入round下舍入rounddown上舍入roundup有效数字significant digit无效数字insignificantdigit代数algebra公式formula,formulae(pl.)单项式monomial多项式polynomial, multinomial系数coefficient未知数unknown,x-factor, y-factor, z-factor 等式，方程式equation一次方程simple equation二次方程quadratic equation三次方程cubic equation四次方程quartic equation不等式inequation阶乘factorial对数logarithm指数，幂exponent乘方power二次方，平方square三次方，立方cube四次方thepowerof four, thefourth power n 次方thepowerof n, the nthpower开方evolution, extraction二次方根，平方根square root三次方根，立方根cube root四次方根the root of four, the fourth root n 次方根theroot of n, the nth root集合aggregate元素element空集void子集subset交集intersection并集union补集complement映射mapping函数function定义域domain, field of definition值域range常量constant变量variable. 单调性monotonicity奇偶性parity周期性periodicity图象image数列，级数series微积分calculus微分differential导数derivative极限limit无穷大infinite(a.) infinity(n.)无穷小infinitesimal积分integral定积分definite integral不定积分indefinite integral有理数rationalnumber无理数irrationalnumber实数realnumber虚数imaginarynumber复数complex number矩阵matrix行列式determinant几何geometry点point. 线line面plane体solid线段segment射线radial平行parallel相交intersect角angle角度degree弧度radian锐角acute angle直角rightangle钝角obtuseangle平角straight angle周角perigon底base边side高height三角形triangle锐角三角形acute triangle直角三角形righttriangle直角边leg斜边hypotenuse. 勾股定理Pythagorean theorem钝角三角形obtusetriangle不等边三角形scalenetriangle等腰三角形isosceles triangle等边三角形equilateral triangle四边形quadrilateral平行四边形parallelogram矩形rectangle长length宽width菱形rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond 正方形square梯形trapezoid直角梯形righttrapezoid等腰梯形isosceles trapezoid五边形pentagon六边形hexagon七边形heptagon八边形octagon九边形enneagon十边形decagon十一边形hendecagon十二边形dodecagon. 多边形polygon正多边形equilateral polygon圆circle圆心centre(BrE), center(AmE)半径radius直径diameter圆周率pi弧arc半圆semicircle扇形sector环ring椭圆ellipse圆周circumference周长perimeter面积area轨迹locus, loca(pl.)相似similar全等congruent四面体tetrahedron五面体pentahedron六面体hexahedron平行六面体parallelepiped立方体cube. 七面体heptahedron八面体octahedron九面体enneahedron十面体decahedron十一面体hendecahedron十二面体dodecahedron二十面体icosahedron多面体polyhedron棱锥pyramid棱柱prism棱台frustum of a prism旋转rotation轴axis圆锥cone圆柱cylinder圆台frustum of a cone球sphere半球hemisphere底面undersurface表面积surfacearea体积volume空间space坐标系coordinates. 坐标轴x-axis, y-axis, z-axis横坐标x-coordinate纵坐标y-coordinate原点origin双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola三角trigonometry正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant反正弦arc sine反余弦arc cosine反正切arc tangent反余切arc cotangent反正割arc secant反余割arc cosecant相位phase周期period振幅amplitude内心incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE).外心excentre(BrE),excenter(AmE)旁心escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE)垂心orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)重心barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)内切圆inscribed circle外切圆circumcircle统计statistics平均数average加权平均数weighted average方差variance标准差root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation 比例propotion百分比percent百分点percentage百分位数percentile排列permutation组合combination概率，或然率probability分布distribution正态分布normal distribution非正态分布abnormaldistribution图表graph条形统计图bar graph. 柱形统计图histogram折线统计图broken linegraph曲线统计图curve diagram扇形统计图piediagram其他数学词汇：mathematics数学theorem定理calculation计算operation运算arithmetic算术，四则运算addition加法subtraction减法multiplication乘法division除法和remainder余product积quotient商2 plus 1 equals3二加一等于三4 minus2 equals 2四减二等于二4 multiplied by 5, 4 times 5四乘以五addend加数plus sign加号minussign减号multiplicand被乘数multiplierdivisor除数dividend被除数decimal point小数点noughtpoint four零点四fraction分数ratio比proportion比例numerator分子common denominator 公分母exponent指数differentialcalculus微分学. integral calculus积分slide rule计算尺function函数derivative导数power幂,乘方to raise to the power of five使乘五次方x squared某数的平方cube三次方threecubed三次方的to the fourth power,to the power of four乘四次方square root平方根cube root. 立方根rule of three比例法logarithm对数logarithmtable对数表algebra代数equation等式，方程式unknown未知数simpleequation一次方程quadratic equation二次方程cubic equation三次方程微积分反函数: inverse function.幂函数: power function.指数函数: exponential function.对数函数: logarithmic function.三角函数: trigonometric function.反三角函数: anti-trigonometric function.复合函数: compound function.初等函数: elementary function.双曲函数: hyperbolic function.反双曲函数: anti-hyperbolic function.无穷小:infinitesimal.无穷大:infinity.连续性:continuity.间断点:discontinuous point.介值定理:intermediate value theorem.导数:derivative. 微分:differential.函数的单调性:monotonicity of function.曲线:curve. 曲线的凹凸性:concavity of curve.曲线的拐点: keen point of curve.曲率:curvature.不定积分: indefinite integral(indeterminate integral). 定积分: definite integral.广义积分:improper integral.空间解析几何:space analytic geometry.向量代数:vector algebra.空间直角坐标系:space rectangular coordinate system. 数量积:scalar product.向量积:vector product.混合积:triple product.曲面:surface.二次曲面:second-degree surface.线性代数Aadjont(adjugate) of matrix A A 的伴随矩阵augmented matrix A 的增广矩阵Bblock diagonal matrix 块对角矩阵block matrix 块矩阵basic solution set 基础解系CCauchy-Schwarz inequality 柯西- 许瓦兹不等式characteristic equation 特征方程characteristic polynomial 特征多项式coffcient matrix 系数矩阵cofactor 代数余子式cofactor expansion 代数余子式展开column vector 列向量commuting matrices 交换矩阵consistent linear system 相容线性方程组Cramer's rule 克莱姆法则Cross- product term 交叉项DDeterminant 行列式Diagonal entries 对角元素Diagonal matrix 对角矩阵Dimension of a vector space V 向量空间V 的维数Eechelon matrix 梯形矩阵eigenspace 特征空间eigenvalue 特征值eigenvector 特征向量eigenvector basis 特征向量的基elementary matrix 初等矩阵elementary row operations 行初等变换Ffull rank 满秩fundermental set of solution 基础解系Ggrneral solution 通解Gram-Schmidt process 施密特正交化过程Hhomogeneous linear equations 齐次线性方程组Iidentity matrix 单位矩阵inconsistent linear system 不相容线性方程组indefinite matrix 不定矩阵indefinit quatratic form 不定二次型infinite-dimensional space 无限维空间inner product 内积inverse of matrix A 逆矩阵JKLlinear combination 线性组合linearly dependent 线性相关linearly independent 线性无关linear transformation 线性变换lower triangular matrix 下三角形矩阵Mmain diagonal of matrix A 矩阵的主对角matrix 矩阵Nnegative definite quaratic form 负定二次型negative semidefinite quadratic form 半负定二次型nonhomogeneous equations 非齐次线性方程组nonsigular matrix 非奇异矩阵nontrivial solution 非平凡解norm of vector V 向量V 的范数normalizing vector V 规范化向量Oorthogonal basis 正交基orthogonal complemen t 正交补orthogonal decomposition 正交分解orthogonally diagonalizable matrix 矩阵的正交对角化orthogonal matrix 正交矩阵orthogonal set 正交向量组orthonormal basis 规范正交基orthonomal set 规范正交向量组Ppartitioned matrix 分块矩阵positive definite matrix 正定矩阵positive definite quatratic form 正定二次型positive semidefinite matrix 半正定矩阵positive semidefinite quadratic form 半正定二次型Qquatratic form 二次型rank of matrix A 矩阵A 的秩r(A )reduced echelon matrix 最简梯形阵row vector 行向量Sset spanned by { } 由向量{ } 所生成similar matrices 相似矩阵similarity transformation 相似变换singular matrix 奇异矩阵solution set 解集合standard basis 标准基standard matrix 标准矩阵Isubmatrix 子矩阵subspace 子空间symmetric matrix 对称矩阵Ttrace of matrix A 矩阵A 的迹tr ( A )transpose of A 矩阵A 的转秩triangle inequlity 三角不等式trivial solution 平凡解Uunit vector 单位向量upper triangular matrix 上三角形矩阵vandermonde matrix 范得蒙矩阵vector 向量vector space 向量空间WZzero subspace 零子空间zero vector 零空间概率与统计Probability theory 概率论mathematical statistics 数理统计deterministic phenomenon 确定性现象random phenomenon 随机现象sample space 样本空间random occurrence 随机事件fundamental event 基本事件certain event 必然事件impossible event 不可能事件random test 随机试验incompatible events 互不相容事件frequency 频率classical probabilistic model 古典概型geometric probability 几何概率conditional probability 条件概率multiplication theorem 乘法定理Bayes's formula 贝叶斯公式Prior probability 先验概率Posterior probability 后验概率Independent events 相互独立事件Bernoulli trials 贝努利试验random variable 随机变量probability distribution 概率分布distribution function 分布函数discrete random variable 离散随机变量distribution law 分布律hypergeometric distribution 超几何分布random sampling model 随机抽样模型binomial distribution 二项分布Poisson distribution 泊松分布geometric distribution 几何分布probability density 概率密度continuous random variable 连续随机变量uniformly distribution 均匀分布exponential distribution 指数分布numerical character 数字特征mathematical expectation 数学期望variance 方差moment 矩central moment 中心矩n-dimensional random variable n-维随机变量two-dimensional random variable 二维离散随机变量joint probability distribution 联合概率分布joint distribution law 联合分布律joint distribution function 联合分布函数boundary distribution law 边缘分布律boundary distribution function 边缘分布函数exponential distribution 二维指数分布continuous random variable 二维连续随机变量joint probability density 联合概率密度boundary probability density 边缘概率密度conditional distribution 条件分布conditional distribution law 条件分布律conditional probability density 条件概率密度covariance 协方差dependency coefficient 相关系数normal distribution 正态分布limit theorem 极限定理standard normal distribution 标准正态分布logarithmic normal distribution 对数正态分布covariance matrix 协方差矩阵central limit theorem 中心极限定理Chebyshev's inequality 切比雪夫不等式Bernoulli's law of large numbers 贝努利大数定律statistics 统计量simple random sample 简单随机样本sample distribution function 样本分布函数sample mean 样本均值sample variance 样本方差sample standard deviation 样本标准差sample covariance 样本协方差sample correlation coefficient 样本相关系数order statistics 顺序统计量sample median 样本中位数sample fractiles 样本极差sampling distribution 抽样分布parameter estimation 参数估计estimator 估计量estimate value 估计值unbiased estimator 无偏估计unbiassedness 无偏性biased error 偏差mean square error 均方误差relative efficient 相对有效性minimum variance 最小方差asymptotic unbiased estimator 渐近无偏估计量uniformly estimator 一致性估计量moment method of estimation 矩法估计maximum likelihood method of estimation 极大似然估计法likelihood function 似然函数maximum likelihood estimator 极大似然估计值interval estimation 区间估计hypothesis testing 假设检验statistical hypothesis 统计假设simple hypothesis 简单假设composite hypothesis 复合假设rejection region 拒绝域acceptance domain 接受域test statistics 检验统计量linear regression analysis 线性回归分析。
