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高一英语语法-定语从句

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定语从句--Attributive Clauses1．定语从句：在复合句中起起形容词的作用,用来修饰名词、名词性成分或代词的从句，所以又称为形容词性从句。相关概念：先行词——定语从句中所修饰的名词、名词性成分或代词叫做先行词。 关系词（引导词）——引导一个定语从句的词。Eg: She is an English teacher (who likes singing songs). I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.2.关系词(引导词)：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。关系词先行词所指关系词在句中作用that人/物主、 宾(可省) 、 表which物主、 宾(可省)who人主、 宾(可省)whom人宾Whose/of which人/物定关系代词

as人/物/事情主、 宾 、 表when时间时间状语where地点地点状语关系副词why原因原因状语关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。3.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任。此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。 4. 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种1)限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：This is the house which we bought last month.　这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）　The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.　我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数 He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。　Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。（一） 限定性定语从句1. who 指“人”，在定语从句中作主语Is he the man who invented the machine? 他就是发明这机器的人吗?2. whom 指”人”,在从句中作宾语,可以用who来代替省略,当前面有介词时,不能用who代替且不能省略The person (who/whom) I spoke to just now is our headmaster.刚才我和他说话的那个人是我们的校长.The teacher for whom you are waiting is coming.你等的那位教师就要来了.3. whose 可指”人’或”物”,在从句中作定语, whose修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样This is the girl whose family is in the northeast.这就是家在东北的那位姑娘.Water is a liquid whose boiling point is 100℃.水是一种沸点为一百摄氏度的液体.4. which 指”物”,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略,但前面有介词时不能省略 The train which has just left is or Xi’an. 刚刚离开的那班火车是去西安的. Here is the pen (which) you lost yesterday. 这是你昨天丢的钢笔. The room in which he lives is very new. 他住的房间很新.5. that 既指”人”,又指”物”,既在从句中作主语,又作宾语,作宾语时前面不能有介词,可以省略,只能引导限制性定语从句. The woman that/who is in the next room is our English teacher.隔壁的那位女士是我们的英语老师. He is a man (that/who/whom) you can depend on. 他是一个你可以依赖的人.6. as 引导限制性定语从句时,可在从句中作主语或宾语,主要用于such…as和 the same…as句型中 I have never heard such a moving story as he told.我还从未听过像他讲的那么动人的故事. I have the same opinion as you have. 我和你意见相同.7. 关系副词有why, when, where,在定语从句中代替先行词,作状语,不可省略,有时也可用”介词+which”代替.(1) when表示时间,在从句中用作时间状语 He was born in the year when World War Ⅱbroke out.他出生于第二次世界大战爆发的那一年. I can’t remember the day when the day he went abroad. 我记不起他出国的日子了= I can’t remember the day on which he went abroad.(2) where 表示地点,在从句中用作地点状语 This is the place where he was born. 这是他出生的地方.= This is the place in which he was born. I don’t know the exact spot where they will meet.我不知道他们将要见面的确切地点.(3) why表示原因,在从句中用作原因状语,主要用于先行词是reason的情况That’s the reason why I did it.那就是我做这件事的原因.= This is the reason for which I did it.I don’t know the reason why he didn’t come. 我不知道他为什么没来.8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 这里有人要和你说话。 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.　习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?　A. where　B. that C. on which D. the one 例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held? A. where　B. that　C. on which　D. the one 答案： 例1 D，例2 A例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。（二）非限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 1. which指“物”，在从句中作主语或宾语，引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 I have read the book A tale of Two Cities, which was written by Charles Dickens.They came to a house, in front of which there was a tall tree.They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.2. who指“人”，有从句中作主语He has a brother, who works in a factory.他有个哥哥，在一家工厂工作。3．Whom指“人”，在从句中作宾语His father, whom he loved dearly, died last year.他父亲去年去世了，他非常爱他父亲。4. whose可指“人”或“物”，在从句中作定语This is Wang Gang, whose sister you met last week.这是王刚，上周你见过他姐姐。5. as在从句中可作主语或宾语，经常可修饰整个主句或主句的一部分。as引导的非限制性定语从句还可置于主句之前。He was strongly against the idea, as could be expected.正如可以预料到的，他强烈反对这个主意。6.where在从句中作地点状语I come from Qingdao, where I was brought up by my grandmother.我来自青岛，我是在那里由我奶奶带大的。7. when在从句中作时间状语In the old days, when I was a little boy, I often swam in this small river.注意：（1）当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.　我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。　（2）.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。　（3）在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词why和关系代词that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物。 （三）注意　介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导 (1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2) The school in which he once studied is very famous. (3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.

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高一英语定语从句练习

高一英语定语从句练习

▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌精诚凝聚 =^_^= 成就梦想 ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌

▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓点亮心灯 ~~~///(^v^)\\\~~~ 照亮人生 ▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓ Unit 4 Unforgettable Experiences

定语从句专项练习

Part A 关系代词which, that, who, whom

I. 用适当的关系代词填空

1. He prefers the vegetables _____ are from his parents’ farm.

2. You’d better not drink water _____ has not been boiled.

3. You have done all _____ your parents wanted you to do.

4. Please let me know whether there is anything _____ I can do for you.

5. At the party, the old school friends talked of the things and persons _____ they could

remember in the school.

6. The last film _____ I saw in 1999 was My Father and My Mother.

7. He is the very person _____ we’ve been looking for.

8. I won't make friends with those _____ often tell lies.

9. The unsmiling woman _____ I met at the dinner party was one of my wife’s friends.

定语从句-英语语法

定语从句-英语语法

定语从句-英语语法

定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有：when, where, why等。

1 关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1)who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还能够同of

which互换), 例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken

down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.

请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3)which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before

appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which

高中语法定语从句的详细讲解

高中语法定语从句的详细讲解

定语从句

（一）定义及相关术语

1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。

关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：

The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man， “who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。

（二）关系代词引导的定语从句

1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。

The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。

Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。

Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。

That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。

2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。

Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。

高一英语定语从句

高一英语定语从句

高一衔接练习 NO. 3 定语从句

1 I. 概述

一. 关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指人, 在从句中做主语 The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

2. whom指人, 在定语从句中充当宾语, 常可省略。Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

3. which指物, 在定语从句中做主语或者宾语, 做宾语时可省略

This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

4. that指人时, 相当于who 或者whom; 指物时, 相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语, 做宾语时可省略。

(1) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.

(2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

5. whose通常指人, 也可指物, 在定语从句中做定语

(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

whose指物时, 常用限定词 名词+of which或 of which+ 限定词 名词结构来代替

(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

二. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句