GPS模拟器软件设计
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目 录
摘要„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1
1 绪论„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1
1.1 课题概述„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1
1.2 GPS的发展和前景„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„2
1.3 课题设想„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3
1.4 本章小结„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3
2 需求说明„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3
2.1 开发工具„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4
2.2 开发运行环境„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4
2.3 任务目标„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4
2.4 数据精确度„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4
2.5 时间特性„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4
2.6 用户界面„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4
3 GPS全球定位系统„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4
3.1 GPS定位系统概述„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4
3.2 GPS系统的组成„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„5
3.3 GPS定位的坐标系统和时间系统„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„6
3.4 GPS卫星定位的基本原理„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„6
4 数据采集和格式转换„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„6
4.1 数据传送码制和输出格式„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„6
4.2 数据帧的具体格式„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„8
4.3状态参数的设定„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„8
5 GPS软件设计实现„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„8
5.1 功能划分及目标„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„8
5.2 软件分析与设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„9
5.3 关键技术和算法„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„9
5.4 程序的实现„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„10
结束语„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„20
参考文献„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„21
附录„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„22
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GPS模拟器软件设计
摘 要：本文是一篇模拟GPS接收机实时接收卫星信号并显示的设计论文，主要目的是模拟从GPS接收机接收数据并通过RS-232串行通信标准接口传输，然后按照一定格式显示出来。本设计主要是利用Visual C++ 强大的集成开发环境和快速创建各种应用程序的能力，创建各种图形操作界面，来编写一个实时接收并显示信息的窗体应用程序。本文介绍了GPS的一些历史和发展前景，GPS定位系统概况，GPS的数据传输码制、输出格式和Visual C++ 的发展、作用、集成开发环境和基础知识，以及完成该程序的关键技术： VC++的串口控件MSComm，最终完成了程序的编写，实现了毕业设计的要求。程序的结果是实时的显示了接收机接收来的数据。
关键词： GPS定位；串口；实时显示；MSComm。
Abstract： This article is a piece of design dissertation , it simulations the GPS receiver
real-time receive satellite signal and display it ,The paper mostly aims is Simulation the data
received from the GPS receiver and through RS-232 Serial communication standard
connection transmission , then displaying the data with certain form .This design mainly take
use of the powerful collection exploitation environment of Visual C++ and the ability of
double-quick establishing kinds of application, which includes very popular multimedia
application and kinds of graph operation, compiles a real-time receive and the displayed
information window application procedure. This article introduced GPS some history and the
prospects for development, the GPS positioning system survey, the GPS data transmission
code system, the output form and the Visual C++ development, the function, the integrated
development environment and the elementary knowledge as well as completes this procedure
the essential technology: the VC++’s controller of MSComm ,which is serial communication
equipment .Finally ,I has completed the procedure compilation, and realized the graduation
project request. The procedure’s result was the real-time demonstration the data which
receiver received.
Keywords： GPS positioning; Serial port；Real-time display；MSComm.
1 绪论
1.1 课题概述
GPS（Global Positioning System）系统是全天候、全时段工作的基于卫星定位的 22 2
高精度定位系统，自美国上世纪八、九十年代研制并部署成功后，得到了全球的广泛应用。我国的GPS应用技术近些年在军民两方面军得到了长足的发展。本课题的意义在于使设计者初步了解GPS的基本概念、工作方式、使用方法和应用开发的基本技术，通过对GPS模拟软件的设计，达到对GPS工作原理，数据动态变化处理方法以及数据输出格式设计的掌握和熟悉；以及对计算机软件设计的完整环节的掌握，并且对计算机串行接口、通行协议、数据包编码、数据包解码等计算机测控系统的设计知识有较深的掌握，并能学会VC++开发工具的使用。本课题主要是开发出一个完整的、可运行的、能够实现定位数据可动态调整、数据精度也可动态调整、信息输出格式至少要有GPRMC、GPGGA两种的GPS模拟器软件，并且用户界面友好[8]。
1.2 GPS的发展和前景
1963年12月，美国发射了世界上第一颗导航卫星。1967年7月29日，美国政府宣布解密军用子午卫星（TRANSIT）的部分导航电文而供民间应用。自此以后，卫星导航定位技术迅速兴起，并从美国逐步传播到欧亚及美洲的许多国家。[7-9]
而今GPS的应用已十分广泛，而且越来越广泛，差不多涉及到国民经济的各个领域，尤其是近几年来其向消费市场发展的强劲势头表明，以GPS为代表的卫星导航应用产品，由于能很容易地提供位置、速度和时间信息，所以会很快成为现代信息社会的重要信息来源，成为信息时代的基础设施之一，由于功能强大、使用方便、价格合适，所以能很好的与其他系统结合，形成大量的新应用、新产品，迅速的进入我们日常工作、学习、生活和娱乐中。它的发展具有如下特点：
——GPS应用产品产业是当前国际上八大无线产业之一；
——GPS也是目前世界上发展最快的三大信息产业之一；
——GPS与GSM和CDMA的结合已成为全球通信导航界的热点。
20世纪90年代是GPS大显身手、垄断全球和形成新型国际产业的10年。
21世纪头10年在以GPS为代表的卫星导航产业中仍将由美国占据主导地位。但欧洲、日本、中国和俄罗斯会在这一巨大市场中扮演重要角色。未来10年全球卫星导航产业发展的总趋势预测如下：
卫星导航手段在多数国家和地区可能成为代替传统导航、定位和定时的唯一手段。在海陆空三大领域中，凡是需要动态或静态定位、定姿、定时和导航信息的地方都会采用卫星导航信息。
天基卫星信息导航系统及其增加系统将成为现代信息社会的重要基础设施，美国GPS垄断全世界的局面有可能被打破，未来10年可能成为GNSS的10年。
各国卫星导航系统在民用领域的相互兼容将成为国际大趋势。 22 3
陆上车辆导航将成为驱动卫星导航产业迅猛发展的强劲动力。
民用的效益远比军用的大，应用面宽广得多，真正做到制造产业化和消费大众化，达到物尽其用；卫星导航技术与通信、遥感和大众消费产品的相互融合将会创造出许多新产品和新服务，开拓出一个商机无限的市场。在未来五年里，将有高达百分之八十多的车辆装上GPS装置。
在我国GPS的应用发展势头迅猛，短短几年，GPS在我国的应用已从少数单位和军用部门迅速扩展到各个民用领域，GPS的广泛应用改变人们的工作方式，提高了工作效率，带来了巨大的经济效益,具有广阔的应用前景。而我国在GPS在各领域的研究尚处在起步或不成熟阶段，如我国GPS车载系统的研究还处在发展初期。国外研究以美国的研究最为成熟，全球定位系统GPS是美国国防部建立的卫星导航系统，理所当然其研究和应用发展也都是处于领先地位。
