太阳能外文

Solar

Solar generally refers to the sun's radiation energy. Carried out(实施，执行) in the solar

interior（内部的，本质的） from "H" together into a "helium（氦）" the nuclear reaction,

kept a huge release of energy, and continue to the space radiation energy, which is solar energy.

This solar nuclear fusion(核聚变) reaction inside the can to maintain the hundreds of millions of

first time. Solar radiation to space launch 3.8x1023kW power of the radiation, of which 20

billionth of the Earth's atmosphere to reach. Solar energy reaching the Earth's atmosphere, 30%

of the atmosphere reflectance, 23% of atmospheric absorption, and the rest to reach the Earth's

surface.

Its power of 80 trillion(万亿) kW, that is to say a second exposure to the sun's energy on

Earth is equivalent to five million tons of coal combustion（燃烧） heat release. The average

per square meter in the atmosphere outside the area of energy per minute to receive about 1367w.

A broad sense of the solar energy on earth many sources, such as wind energy, chemical energy,

potential energy of water and so on. The narrow sense is limited to solar radiation of solar light

thermal（热的）, photovoltaic（光电的）and photochemical（光化学的）conversion（转换）

of the directly.

Solar energy is the first time, but also renewable energy. It is rich in resources, can use free

of charge, and without transportation, without any pollution to the environment. For mankind to

create a new life, so that social and human energy into a era of reducing pollution.

According to the record, the human use of solar energy has a history of more than 3000

years. Will tries to use solar energy as a kind of energy and power, only 300 years of history.

Really will be solar energy as the "recent much-needed supplement energy", "future energy

structure the foundation of", is a recent thing. Since the 1970 s, the solar energy science and

technology by leaps and bounds, and with each passing day of solar energy utilization. The

modern history of solar energy utilization can be from 1615 France engineer Solomon DE cox,

invented the first solar powered engine in the world. The invention is a use of solar energy

heating air make the expanding power and pumping machine. Between 1615 ~ 1900, and

developed into many sets of solar power plant in the world and some other solar devices. Almost

all these power plant adopts the concentrated method to collect sunlight, engine power, working

medium is mainly water vapor, expensive, the practical value is not big, most of the individual research manufacture for solar fans. In the 20th century, 100 years, solar technology

development history can be divided into seven stages.

The first stage (1900 ~ 1920)

At this stage, the world's solar energy is still the focus of the study of solar energy power

plant, but the diversification（多样性）of the use of the condenser（电容器，冷凝器）, and

the introduction of flat-plate collector（平板集热器）and a low boiling point working fluid（工质）, the device gradually expanded up to maximum output power 73.64kW, Objective To

compare the clear and practical, cost remains high. The construction of a typical device are as

follows: 1901, California built a solar-powered pumping devices, the use of truncated cone

condenser（截锥电容器）power: 7.36kW; 1902 ~ 1908 years, built in the United States five

sets of double-cycle solar-powered engines, the use of flat-panel collector and a low boiling

point working fluid.

The second stage (1920 ~ 1945)

Research work in this more than 20 years, solar energy at a low ebb, in greatly reduced the

number of research work and research projects, its reason and the development and utilization of

fossil fuels and the second world war (1935-1945), and solar energy can not solve the need for

energy, thus gradually left out to make solar research.

The third stage (1945 ~ 1965)

20 years after the end of the second world war, some far-sighted people have noticed that

the oil and gas resources is reducing rapidly, urging people to attach importance to this problem,

so as to gradually promote the recovery and development of solar energy research, academic

organization and establishment of solar energy, academic exchange and exhibition, held once

again rise up solar research boom. At this stage, some significant progress in solar energy

research, prominent are: in 1945, the bell LABS developed into practical silicon solar cell, laid

the foundations for the photovoltaic large-scale application; In 1955, Israel tabb, etc on the first

international conference on solar thermal science put forward the basic theory of the selective

coating, and developed into a practical black nickel and other selective coating, create conditions