宾语从句讲义
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宾语从句讲义
直接引语和间接引语:
直接引语:直接引用别人的话,加引号
间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话,不加引号 1. He said, “ I’m a student.”
→He said he was a student.
2. He asked us, “Have you finished reading this book?”
→He asked us if/whether we had finished reading that book?” 3. The
teacher asked. “Where are you going next week?” →The teacher asked where
we were going the next week
★首先用什么样的连接词引出宾语从句,从句陈述语序及人称变化、时态变化和时间状语的变化。 直接→间接
1)时态变化 谓语动词变化
直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时 不变
将来进行时 过去将来进行时 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般过去时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 将来完成时 过去将来完成时
2)指示代词、时间状语和动词要作调整。
直接引语 间接引语 指示 this
that 代词 these those
now then today
戴氏教育集团 VIP 张老师
1 宾语从句
宾语从句学习目标:
1.掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词
2.掌握宾语从句的语序──主句+连接词+主语+谓语
3.掌握宾语从句,主句与从句在时态上的呼应。
【注意】
学习宾语从句一定要掌握: A. 连词 B. 语序 C. 时态 D. 标点符号
【记住】
1. 每个宾语从句都必须有连词,只有that 能省略;
2. 宾语从句一律使用陈述语序;
3. 宾语从句的时态依据主句:A. 当主句的时态是一般现在时或将来时,从句可根据需要用任何时态
B. 当主句的时态是一般过去时,从句一定要用过去时态的某种形式
C. 从句部分是客观真理,不管主句是什么时态,从句用一般现在时
4. 含有宾语从句的主从复合句句末的标点符号依据主句。
一、宾语从句的连接词
1.陈述句变为宾语从句,用连词that连接,that只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略。
He knew ( that ) he should work hard.
2.一般疑问句变为宾语从句,用连词if 和whether连接,它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解,在口语中多用if。
Tom doesn't know if / whether his grandpa will like the present.
He asked me whether / if I could help him with his English.
3.特殊疑问句变为宾语从句,用特殊问词本身连接,(连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which,连接副词when, where, why, how)它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意义。
宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语。
例句:I know him。 I know who she is
结构:主语+谓语+引导词+简单句(其它)
1.语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序,可分为以下四种:
1)连接词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有: who,what,which等。如:
Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?The small children don't know what is in their
stockings.I don't know which belongs to my father.
2)连接词+名词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有:whose,what,which,how many,how much等。如:He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.The
teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.
3)连接词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有:who(m),what,which,how many,how much, when,why,how,where,if /whether(在句中不充当任何成分)。如:He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi.Could you tell me what I
should do with the money ?
4)连接词+名词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有:what,which,how many,how much,how等。如:Do you know which class he is in ?
宾语从句讲解
宾语从句(The Object Clause)
学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:连接词、语序和时态。
一 宾语从句的定义
宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用,可以作动词的宾语,也可以做介词的宾语
作动词的宾语:
I heard that he would come here later on.
主语 谓语动词 一个句子作宾语
作介词的宾语:
He said nothing about who broke the window last night.
主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词 一个句子作介词的宾语
在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
二 宾语从句中引导词(连接词)的用法
在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:
连词:that (that 常可省略),whether, if
代词:who, whose, what ,which
副词:when ,where, how, why 等。
连词:
He told me (that he would) go to the college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学.
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车.
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没有人知道他是否会通过考试.
当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如:
He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。
that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)
可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:
say, think, wish, hope, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, expect, order, feel,