宾语从句讲解

1 宾 语 从 句

一、宾语：动作的承受者，一般置于及物动词之后(动宾结构)；或不及物动词之后（介宾结构）

比如：I know you.

二、宾语从句定义：在复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语，这个句子叫做宾语从句。由“引导词+主语+谓语...”构成，引导词在从句中作主语除外。

I know that you are a good student.

三、宾语从句结构：主+谓+引导词+句子。

宾语从句考点：（1）引导词 （2）语序 （3）时态

一、宾语从句的引导词

1.由从属连词 that 引导的宾语从句（陈述句）

that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，只在宾语从句中起连接作用，在口语当中往往省略。

常放在think,hope,know,say,believe,suggest,be sure 等之后。

I hear (that) he will be back in an hour.

I think (that) he is the best actor in America.

2.由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句

当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，常用if / whether 引导宾语从句，表示“是否”

常放在ask,wonder,be not sure等之后。

I want to know if/whether she is right .

Mary asked me if/whether I needed any help .

【注意】只用whether，不用 if 的情况：

（1）宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether；

Whether this is true or not, I really don't know.

（2）在介词后时,只能用whether；

His father is worried about whether he gets on well with his classmates.

（3）与or或者or not连用时，只能用whether；

I wonder whether or not the news is true.

（4）后接动词不定式时，用whether；

I can't decide whether to stay.

口诀：前有介词狼，后有to do虎，句末or not, 只能用whether.

牛刀小试：用 whether 或 if 填空

① I wonder ______________ he will come to my party tomorrow.

② I asked _______________ he had been there or not.

③ I am curious about _________or not she is the winner.

④ His father is worried about ____________he lost his job.

⑤__________ he will come is still unknown. 2 ⑥ I am not sure _________ to go out tonight.

参考答案:①if/whether ②whether ③whether ④whether ⑤whether ⑥whether

3. 由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which，what 和连接副词 where, how, why, when 引导的宾语从句，不可省略。

从句中连接代词who作主/宾语, whom作宾语, whose作定语, what作主/宾语, which作主/定语。

when, where, why, how分别作时间、地点、原因、方式状语

（原有的特殊疑问词+句子剩余部分的陈述句形式），

①He asked _____could answer the question.（谁能回答这个问题）

②Do you know__________they are waiting for？（他们在等谁）

③He asked ________ handwriting was the best in the class. （谁的书法是班上最好的）

④Please tell me _____we’ll have a meeting. （我们什么时候开会）

⑤ Can you tell me _______he is？（他在哪儿）

⑥Could you tell me _____I can get to the station？ （我该怎么去车站）

⑦Would you tell me ________ the train is late? （为什么火车迟到了）

参考答案:①who ②who/whom ③whose ④when ⑤where ⑥how ⑦why

牛刀小试：选择正确的引导词

1、（2022·安徽合肥·一模）—I wonder _________ it is late for me to work hard from now on.

—Never mind. Better late than never.

A．what B．when C．why D．whether

2、（2022·安徽·淮南市二模）—Look! It’s raining now.

—Oh, I wonder ________ we can still go for a picnic tomorrow.

A．whether B．that C．how D．when

3、（2023·安徽亳州·统考二模）— John, I wonder ________ you want to thank the most.

— My teachers. I couldn’t get such great success without their help.

A．why B．what C．who D．where

4、（2023·安徽合肥·统考二模）— Could you tell me ______ I can see the movie Ping Pong: The

Triumph?

— Of course. You can see it on the Internet.

A．how B．what C．when D．where

5．（2023·安徽合肥·统考一模）—Can you tell me _____ the 19th Asian Games will be held?

—Of course, in Hangzhou.

A．when B．why C．how D．where

6．（2023·安徽滁州·统考一模）—How do I win others’ respect?

—By showing ________ you’re able to do, but not who you are.

A．where B．who C．how D．what 3 参考答案：1、D 2、A 3、C 4、D 5、D 6、D

二、宾语从句的语序

宾语从句要用陈述语序，引导词+主语+谓语+其他

我想知道他叫什么名字。I want to know what his name is.

牛刀小试：选择正确的答案

①Please tell me _____ to improve my English.

A. how I can do B. what can I do

C. what I can do D. how can I do

② — I want to know — Sorry. I’ve no idea. But she was here just now.

A. where is Ann B. where Ann is

C. where was Ann D. where Ann was

③ — Hi, Bruce. Here is a letter for you. — Thanks. I wonder .

A. who the letter was from B. who was from the letter

C. who was the letter from D. who from the letter was

④— Do you know_____? — He is a dentist.

A. where he is from B. where is he from

C. what does his father do D. what his father is

⑤ Could you tell me _____the cool T-shirt?

A. where you buy B. where do you buy

C. where did you buy D. where you bought

参考答案:①C ②B ③A ④D ⑤D

三、宾语从句的时态

1. 如果主句是现在时或将来时，那么宾语从句的时态应根据实际情况选择。(主现从不限）

The boy believes that he will travel abroad by himself in the future.

The boy believes that math is more difficult than English.

The boy knows that his desk mate has been ill for three days.

2. 如果主句是一般过去时，则宾语从句也要用相应的过去的某种时态(一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时）(主过从过）

My mother told me that Dad wasn't at home.

She didn't know that Tom had already left for Shanghai

I heard that she would come the next day.

3.如果宾语从句是客观真理、自然现象或谚语等，无论句是什么时态，宾语从句仍用一般现在时。(客观真理永不变）