职称英语培训课件20

2012年王霞英语团队职称英语面授课程目录1 考试应试指导 (1)1.1答题顺序及时间分配 (2)1.2 职称英语核心语法知识 (3)2. 职称英语六大题型出题特点，复习重点及答题技巧 (7)2.1词汇选项 (11)2.2阅读理解 (25)2.3完型填空 (61)2.4补全短文 (63)2.5概括大意与完成句子 (74)2.6阅读判断 (83)1 / 2008.-ee 名词后缀，表示“被---的人”，是er反义后缀9.-eer 名词后缀，表示“…人员”10.-er、-or、-ar、-eer、-ier、-ster、-ator（1）名词后缀，表示“…人”（2）名词后缀，表示“物品，工具”11.-ess 名词后缀，表示“女性，雌性”12 -hood 名词后缀，表示“时期，性质等”13.-ics 名词后缀，表示“学科，学术”14.-ing（1）名词后缀，表示“状态”（2）名词后缀，表示“行业”15.-ion名词后缀，表示“动作、状态或物品”16.-ism、-asm名词后缀（1）表示“各种主义，宗教”2表示“学术或学术流派”（3）表示“行为，现象，状态”（4）表示“疾病”(（5）).表示“具备某种性质”17.-ist名词后缀，表示“人”18.-itude 表名词，“性质，状态等”19.-ment名词后缀，表示“行为、结果或事物”20.-ness 名词后缀，表示“性质，状态，”通常加在形容词后面21.-ship名词后缀，表示“某种关系或状态”、“某种技能”22.-ty、-ity、-ety 名词后缀，表示“具备---性质”23.-ure名词后缀，表示“一般状态，行为24.-ivity 名词后缀，表示“有…能力或特性”5 / 20025.-ability 名词后缀，表示“能…，性质”例题1（用名词定位相关句）：（2011年综合A/综合B考题）A. A good leader needs a variety of qualities.B. These techniques are used to train leaders.C. Training can make good leaders.D. Most of good leader are natural-born.√E. It’ s important to have a good leader.24. Paragraph 2__________.2. In almost every situation where you‘re in a group，you will needa skilled leader. All groups need leaders and all successful groups have good leaders. Groups without leaders or with weak leaders almost always break down. Members of a leaderless group often begin to feel dissatisfied and frustrated. Time is wasted and the tasks are not achieved. There are often arguments and tensions between people as there is nobody to keep the goals clear. Some personalities dominate and other disappears. Often group members begin not to come to meetings in order to avoid more disharmony.6 / 200Mind Readingame, a DVD displaying every possible human emotion. It demonstrates 412 distinct ways in which we feel the first visual distionary of the human heart. Attempts to classify expressions began in the mid-1800s, when Darwin divided the emtions into six types-anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise and enjoyment. _________(46) Every other feeling was thought to derive from Darwin's small group. More complex expressions of emotions were probably learned and therefore more specific to each culture. But now it is believed that many more facial expressions are shared worldwide. _________(47) The Mind Reading DVD is a systematic visual record of these expressions. The project was conceived by a Cambridge professor as an aid for people with autism (孤独症), who have difficulty both reading and expressing emotions. But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses. Actors and teachers, for example, need to understand a wide range of expressions. The professor and his research team first had to define an "emotion" _________(48) Using this definition, 1,512 emotion terms were identified and discussed. This list was eventually reduced to 412, from"afraid" to "wanting".9 / 200 Once these emotions were defined and classified, a DVD seemed the clearest and most efficient way to display them. In Mind Reading, each expression is acted out by six different actors in three seconds. _________(49) The explanation for this is simple: we may find it difficult to describe emotions using words, but we instantly recognise one when we see it on someone's face. " It was really clear when the actors had got it right," says Cathy Collis, who directed the DVD." Although they were given some direstion," says Ms Collis, " the actors were not told which facial muscles they should move. " _________(50) For example, when someone feel contempt, you can't say for certain that their eyebrows always go down. Someone who has tried to establish such rules is the American, Professor Paul Ekman, who has built a database of how the face moves for every emotion. The face can make 43 distinct muscle movements called " action units". These can be combined into more than 10, 000 visible facial shapes. Ekmen has written out a pattern of facial muscular movements to represent each emotion. A. He said that this expression of feeling is universal and recognizable by anyone from any culture .10 / 200 B. Any other method of showing the 412 emotions whould have been far less effective.C. Research has also been done to find out which area of brain read the emotional expressions.D. These particular muscles are difficult to control, and few people can do it.E. They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by "I feel" "he looks" or"she sounds".F. We thought of trying to describe each emotion, but it would have been almost impossible to make clear rules of this.11 / 200 40 Which of the following best expresses the main idea of this passage? A The basic function of the immune system is to distinguish between self and nonself. B An antigen is any substance that triggers an immune response. C One of the immune system's primary functions is the allergic （过敏原的）response.D The human body is an appropriate habitat for microbes.分析：The immune system is equal in complexity（n.复杂）to the combined intricacies(n. 复杂) of the brain and nervous system. The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory（adj.调整的）communication network consisting of millions and millions of cells. Organized into sets and subsets, these cells pass information back and forth like clouds of bees flying around a hive(蜂巢). The result is a sensitive system of checks and balances that25 / 200produces an immune response that is prompt, appropriate, effective, and self-omitting. At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and nonself. When immune defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign of nonself molecules, the immune troops move quickly to eliminate the intruders (入侵者). Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molecules that identify it as self. The body's immune defenses do not normally attack tissues that carry a self-marker. Rather, immune cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in a state known as self-tolerance. When a normally functioning immune system attacks a nonself molecule, the system has the ability to "remember" the specifics of the foreign body. Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecules, the immune system reacts accordingly. With the possible exception of antibodies(抗体)passed during lactation(授乳期), this so called immune system memory is not inherited. Despite the occurrence of a virus in your family, your immune system must "learn" from experience with the many millions of distinctive nonself molecules in the sea of microbes (微生物) in which we live, learning necessitates26 / 200producing the appropriate molecules and cells to match up with and counteract each nonself invader. Any substance capable of stimulating an immune response is called an antigen (抗原). Antigens are not to be confused with allergens (过敏原)，which are most often harmless substances that provoke the immune system to set off the inappropriate and harmful response known as allergy. An antigen can be a virus, a bacterium, or even a portion or product of one of these organisms. Tissues or cells from another individual (except an identical win, whose cells carry identical self makers act as antigens; because the immune system recognizes transplanted tissues as foreign, it rejects them. The body will even reject nourishing proteins unless they are first broken down by the digestive system into their primary, nonantigenic building blocks. An antigen announces its foreignness by means of intricate and characteristic shapes called epitopes (抗原表位), which protrude (突出) from its surface. Most antigens（过敏原）, even the simplest microbes（微生物）, carry several different kinds of epitomes on their surface, some may even carry several hundred. Some epitomes(抗原表位) will be more effective than others at stimulating an immune response. Only in abnormal situations does the27 / 200 The second generation will arrive around 2020 and will bedistinguished by the ability to learn. Second generation robots are programd with sets of primitive tasks and with feedback that provide "pleasure" and "pain" stimuli. For example, a collision provokes a negative response, a completed task would be positive. Move forward another ten years to 2030 and you get to generation three. This robot can build internal simulations of the world around it. Before beginning a task, it can imagine what will happen in order to predict problems. If it has a free moment, it can replay past experiences and try variations in order to find a better way of doing things next time. It could even observe a person or-another robot performing a task and learn by imitation. For the first time, we have here a robot that can think. By the time we get to generation four in 2040, Moravec predicts that robots will be able to: match human reasoning and behavior; generalize abstract ideas from specific experience; and, conversely, compile detailed plans of action from general commands such as 'earn a living' or 'make more robots'. The Moravec manifesto (宣告) runs something like this. Asrobots start to become useful in generation one, they'll begin to take29 / 200圈完线索词，接着文章扫（视）一遍（建议先从上一道题的相关句位置开始往下找线索词），文章中寻找线索词，利用线索词确定相关段，线索词集中出现段就是相关段，识别相关段再识关键相关句，关键相关句常是定位线索词集中出现句，（提示：解题关键相关句判断标准：1. 定位线索词集中出现的语句往往是解题关键句；2. （优先考虑原则）既含有题干中定位线索词又含有被选项中定位线索词的句子应优先被认为是解题关键句）找到关键句，句中词语作比较（与被选项用词比较），有时就直接出答案；如果需要读句子（读相关句）也要先判断阅读的重点：定位线索词在哪里集中出现，哪里就是阅读的重点，读完关键相关句就能出答案。