知乎教育-2017浙江专升本英语语法之被动语态
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被动语态1:英语中语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
语态的作⽤:语态是动词的⼀种形式,⽤来说明主语和谓语之间的关系。
语态的选⽤:如果主语是动作的执⾏者,谓语⽤主动语态。
例如:We clean the room every day.如果主语是动作的承受者,或者说是动作的对象,谓语则是要⽤被动语态。
例如:The room is cleaned every day.2:被动语态的各种形式1) am/is/are +doneeg:I'm asked to take care of myself.eg:Football is played all over the world.2)has /have been doneeg:This book has been translated into many foreign languages.eg:The prices of many goods have been cut again .3)am/is /are being doneeg:A road is being built around the mountain.eg:Many new houses are being built in this city.4) was/were doneeg1:This house was built in 1958.eg2:His leg was broken in an accident.5) had been doneeg1:A new school had been set up by the end of last year.eg2:When the anthem had been played the conference began.6) was/were being doneeg1: meeting was being held when I was there.eg2:We were being trained this time last year.7) shall/will be doneeg1:More factories will be built in our city.eg2:He will be taken to hospital tomorrow.8) shall/will have been doneeg1:The project will have been completed before July.eg2:Your clothes shall have been made for you soon.9) should/would be doneeg1:He told me that his new cloths would be made by his mother.10) should/would have been doneeg1:He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.3:主动形式表⽰被动意义1)及物动词的不及物⽤法:主语通常是物,且有着某种内在的特点。
英语被动语态用法总结英语被动语态是一种常用的语法结构,它可以改变句子主动的行为和动作焦点,使得句子更具多样性、更富表现力。
被动语态的构成方式是通过谓语动词的变化,将其转化为被动形式。
本文将详细总结英语被动语态的用法,包括其构成、使用时的注意事项以及常见的用法场景。
一、被动语态的构成1. be动词:根据句子的时态和人称变化,常用的be动词有am, is, are, was, were, has been, have been, had been等。
需要根据句子的主语和时态选择合适的be动词。
例如:- The book is being read by him.(现在进行时态)- The book was read by him. (过去时态)- The book has been read by him. (现在完成时态)2.过去分词:表示动作或状态的完成,常常是动词的过去分词形式。
过去分词的构成方式有规则形式和不规则形式。
例如:- Regular verbs(规则动词):cook-cooked, clean-cleaned, play-played等。
- Irregular verbs(不规则动词):go-gone, eat-eaten, do-done 等。
二、被动语态的使用时的注意事项在使用被动语态时需要注意以下几个方面:1. 动作的执行者:被动语态的句子通常省略或不明确表示动作的执行者。
如果需要明确动作的执行者,可以使用介词“by”加上动作的执行者作为介词短语的形式。
例如:- The cake was made by her.(动作执行者为her)- The report will be submitted by us.(动作执行者为us)2.句子主语:被动语态的句子主语通常是动作的承受者或受影响的对象。
因此,在主动语态中,如果句子主语是一个人或物,而且在被动语态中要强调受影响,则主语变为句子的宾语。
英语被动语态讲解
英语被动语态是指主语不是动作执行者,而是被动接受动作的对象。
被动语态由“be”动词加上及物动词的过去分词构成,它可以用来强调动作的对象或者通过省略主语来使句子更简洁。
以下是被动语态的几个特点和应用:
1. 被动语态的结构:be动词 + 及物动词的过去分词。
例如:The book was written by the author.(这本书是作者写的。
)
2. 被动语态的时态和语态要和主动语态保持一致。
例如:I have been given a gift.(我收到了一份礼物。
)
3. 被动语态中动作的执行者通常不明确或者不重要,因此主语可以被省略。
例如:The car was repaired yesterday.(车子昨天被修好了。
)
4. 被动语态可以用来强调动作的对象。
例如:The cake was eaten by the dog.(蛋糕被狗吃了。
)
5. 被动语态可以用来避免重复使用同一个主语。
例如:The package was delivered this morning and it was left on the doorstep.(包裹今天早上被送到了门口并且放在了门口。
)总之,被动语态是英语语法中重要的一环,掌握被动语态可以帮助我们写出更加丰富和清晰的英语句子。
- 1 -。
被动语态知识点总结被动语态是英语语法中的一种重要的句式结构,它能够将动作的承受者置于句子的主语位置,突出动作的接受者和动作本身,常被用于强调行为的影响或者轻描淡写地表达行为的发生。
本文将对被动语态的定义、构成及使用情境等进行深入分析和总结。
一、被动语态的定义被动语态是由动词的过去分词形式与be动词的各种时态连用而构成的。
被动语态的构成包括“be + 过去分词”,其中的be动词需要根据句子的时态和语态进行适当的变换。
例如:- The cake was eaten by the children. (过去时态)- The cake is being eaten by the children. (现在进行时态)- The cake has been eaten by the children. (现在完成时态)- The cake will be eaten by the children. (将来时态)二、被动语态的构成及用法1. 构成被动语态的时态和语态变换如下:- 一般现在时:am/is/are + 过去分词- 一般过去时:was/were + 过去分词- 一般将来时:will be + 过去分词- 现在进行时:am/is/are being + 过去分词- 过去进行时:was/were being + 过去分词- 现在完成时:have/has been + 过去分词- 过去完成时:had been + 过去分词- 情态动词应用:情态动词 + be + 过去分词2. 使用被动语态时需要注意以下几点:- 强调行为接受者:被动语态能够将行为接受者提前置于句子的主语位置,使其成为句子的焦点,而不强调行为的执行者。
例如:- The letter was written by Tom.(行为接受者为主语)- Tom wrote the letter.(行为执行者为主语)- 段落连贯性的考虑:在段落中使用被动语态能够更好地保持句子之间的连贯性,避免过多使用主动语态而显得单调。
英语被动语态的结构英语被动语态的结构汇总被动语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
被动语态是英语常考常用句型结构,这一个知识点也是我们必须要掌握的,下面就是店铺向大家介绍被动语态的结构,希望对大家有用! 英语被动语态的结构被动语态的句子是以《be动词+过去分词》的形式来表达,如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者时,句子后面需接by,译为“被(由)……”。
1 被动语态的句型肯定句:主语+be +过去分词+(by~).否定句:主语+be not +过去分词+(by~).一般疑问句:Be +主语+过去分词+(by~)?特殊疑问句:疑问词+be +主语+过去分词+(by~)?被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的,be是什么时态,全句就是什么时态,be动词后面的过去分词不变。
2 被动语态的十种时态以动词give为例,其被动语态的各种时态构成如下:1.一般现在时History is made by the people.历史是人民创造的。
2.一般过去时These new cars were made in Tianjing in 1994.这些新车是1994年在天津生产的。
3.一般将来时Li Ming will be asked to attend the lecture.李明将被邀请参加讲座。
4.现在进行时A new railway is being built.一条新铁路正在修建。
5.过去进行时The roads were being widened.路那时正在加宽。
6.现在完成时He has been sent to work in Shanghai.他已经被派往去上海工作了。
7.过去完成时A new hotel had been built when I got there.我到那儿时,一座新旅馆已经建好了。
8.过去将来时He said a new hotel would be built in two months.他说两个月后新旅馆就会建好了的。
专升本英语的11种语态
专升本英语的11种语态包括:
1.主动语态:表示主语是动作的执行者。
2.被动语态:表示主语是动作的承受者。
3.进行时态:表示动作正在进行中。
4.完成时态:表示动作已经完成。
5.过去进行时态:表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作。
6.过去完成时态:表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作。
7.将来进行时态:表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作。
8.将来完成时态:表示将来某个时间之前已经完成的动作。
9.现在完成进行时态:表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在,并且仍在进行中。
10.过去完成进行时态:表示过去某个时间之前开始一直持续到该时间的动作,并且仍在进行中。
11.将来完成进行时态:表示将来某个时间之前开始一直持续到该时间的动作,并且仍在进行中。
以上信息仅供参考,具体内容可能会根据教材版本和教学要求有所不同,建议查阅英语教材或咨询英语老师获取更准确的信息。
语法:感叹句结构感叹句通常有what, how引导,表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。
what修饰名词,how 修饰形容词,副词或动词,感叹句结构主要有以下几种:掌握它的搭配,即掌握了感叹句的重点。
How +形容词+ a +名词+陈述语序How+形容词或副词+陈述语序What +名词+陈述语序What+a+形容词+名词+陈述语序What+ 形容词+复数名词+陈述语序What+ 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序How clever a boy he is!How lovely the baby is!What noise they are making!What a clever boy he is!What wonderful ideas (we have)!What cold weather it is!感叹句的省略形式为:What a clever boy (he is)!典型例题1)___ food you've cooked!A. How a niceB. What a niceC. How niceD. What nice答案D. 由于How 修饰形容词,副词;what修饰名词。
且food为不可数名词,因此A,B 排除。
C How + adj. 后面不能再加名词,因此只有D正确,其句型为What + adj. +n. (不可数)2)___terrible weather we've been having these days!A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a答案A. weather为不可数名词,B,D排除。
C为how + adj. 后面不应有名词。
只有A,符合句型What +形容词+不可数名词。
3) --- _____ I had!--- You really suffered a lot.A. What a timeB. What timeC. How a timeD. how time答案A.感叹句分两类:1:What + n.+主谓部分2:How + adj. / adv. / v.+主谓部分。
英语被动语态总结与练习一、被的构成形式1.被的基本化被通常十种的被形式, 被由“be+去分”构成, be 随的化而化。
以do例,各种的被形式:1) am/is/are +done ( 去分 ) 一般在Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2)has /have been done 在完成3) am/is /are being done 在行 A new cinema is being built here .4)was/were done 一般去I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5)had been done 去完成By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6)was/were being done 去行A meeting was being held when I was there.7)shall/will be done 一般将来Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8)should/would be done 去将来The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.9)shall/will have been done 将来完成(少用)The project will have been completed before July.10)should/would have been done 去将来完成(少用)He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.2.被的特殊构形式1) 情的被构。
第八章被动语态
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
只有及物动词才能有被动语态。
1.被动语态的构成
由“be+过去分词”构成。
以动词ask为例,将几种常用时态的被动形式列表如下:
基本方法:用原宾语作被动句的主语;把原来的主动动词变成被动形式,要保持原时态;原主语变成by的宾语。
(1)单宾语结构。
如:
We all like music. → Music is liked by us all.
(2)双宾语结构。
即可以用间接宾语(人)作主语,也可以用直接宾语(物)作主语。
剩
下的宾语仍留在原来位置上。
如:
We gave him some books.
→ He was given some books.
→ Some books were given (to) him.
(3) 复合宾语结构
含复合宾语的句子变被动语态时应以宾语作主语,宾语补足语仍留在原来的位置上,转化为主语补足语。
如:
They found the house empty.
→ The house was found empty.
(4)含情态动词的句子
其被动语态形式是“情态动词+ be +过去分词”。
如:
We must work out a plan.
→ A plan must be worked out.
(5)含多词动词的句子。
变成被动语态时,多词动词要保持完整性,即不能丢掉其中的副
词或介词。
如:
We should take good care of the children.
→ The children should be taken good care of.
(6)主动语态为祈使句时。
如:
Do it at once.
→ Let it be done at once.
3.被动语态的使用场合
(1)强调动作的承受者时。
如:
The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天被打扫。
(2)不知道动作者是谁,或虽知道但不愿说出时。
如:
This letter has been opened. 信被打开了。
(3) 主语部分太长时。
如:
This machine was invented by a student who had just graduated from Beijing University. 这台机器由一名刚从北京大学毕业的学生所发明。
(4)动作者为非特定的对象,没有说出的必要时。
如:
English is spoken in Australia. 澳大利亚讲英语。
(5)用于某些固定句型中。
如:
It is said that…, It is hoped that…, It is well known that…, It is believed that, It must be pointed out that…, It is reported that…, It has been decided that…, It is thought that.., It is suggested that…等。