+Production and Growth

仅做参考好好学习，天天向上Unit 2Factors That Affect Career Choices影响职业选择的因素The first step in planning a career for yourself or someone else is to learn as much as possible about the person’s interests, aptitudes, and skills.为自己或别人制定职业规划的第一步是要尽可能多的认识对象的兴趣、能力和技能之所在。

Each person’s career goes through stages, and the stage you are in will influence your knowledge of and preference for various occupations. The main stages of this career cycle follows.每个人的职业所经历的阶段,并且这些阶段将影响你的知识,和对各种职业的偏爱。

职业的主要循环阶段如下。

Growth Stage The growth stage lasts roughly from birth to age 14 and is a period during which the person develops a self-concept by identifying with and interacting with other people such as family, friends and teachers. Toward the beginning of this period, role playing is important, and children experiment with different ways of acting; this helps them to form impressions of how other people react to different behaviors and contributes to their developing a unique self-concept or identity. Toward the end of this stage, the adolescent (who by this time has developed preliminary ideas about what his or her interests and abilities are) begins to think realistically about alternative occupations.成长阶段成长阶段大约是从出生持续到14岁,在这个阶段的人通过与别人认识和相互影响来增强自我了解,例如家庭、朋友和老师。

选择判断Chapter1GlobalizationChapter 1 GlobalizationTrue / False Questions1. The shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy is referred to as globalization.True False2. A company does not need a large size to facilitate, and benefit from, the globalization of markets.True False3. Companies hope to lower their overall cost structure or improve the quality or functionality of their product offering through globalization of production.True False4. The most global markets currently are markets for consumer products.True False5. Outsourcing is a process that is limited to manufacturing enterprises.True False6. The health care sector in the U.S. cannot avail the benefits of outsourcing to low-cost producers in other nations because of the nature of the work.True False7. The World Bank has focused on policing the world trading system and making sure nation-states adhere to the rules laid down in trade treaties.True False8. The World Bank is known as the lender of the last resort.True False9. One of the UN's central mandates is the promotion of higher standards of living, full employment, and conditions of economic and social progress and development.True False10. In 2008 and 2009, the GATT became the forum though which major nations attempted to launch a coordinated policy response to the global financial crisis, which started in America.True False11. The Uruguay Round, finalized in December 1993, reduced protection for patents, trademarks, and copyrights.True False12. "Beggar thy neighbor" retaliatory trade policies involved countries progressively loweringtrade barriers against each other, which contributed to the Great Depression of the 1930s.True False13. Rivers Inc., a U.S. based sports apparel manufacturer, sets up a production unit in China to take advantage of the lower labor costs there. This is an example of foreign direct investment. True False14. World Bank gives an aid of 100 million dollars to Kenya for creating rural health care facilities. This is an example of foreign direct investment.True False15. The lowering of barriers to international trade enables firms to view the world, rather than a single country, as their market.True False16. According to WTO data, the volume of world merchandise trade has grown faster than the world economysince 1950.True False17. The expansion of world trade implies that nations are becoming less dependent on each other for important goods and services.True False18. Over the past 30 years the flow of FDI has accelerated faster than the growth in world trade and world output.True False19. The globalization of markets and production and the resulting growth of world trade, foreign direct investment, and imports all imply that firms are finding their home markets protected from foreign competitors.True False20. The cost of microprocessors continues to fall, while their power increases. This statement supports the predictions made by Moore's Law.True False21. According to critics of globalization, today's interdependent global economy limits a nation's national sovereignty.True False22. Critics of globalization suggest that over the last century, the gap between the rich and poor nations of the world has shrunken.True False23. Supporters of debt relief argue that new democratic governments in poor nations should not be forced to honor debts incurred by corrupt and dictatorial predecessors.True False24. A firm does not have to become a multinational enterprise to engage in international business.True False25. Differences between countries require that an international business vary its practices country by country.True FalseMultiple Choice Questions26. The World Trade Organization promotes _____.A. lowering of barriers to cross-border trade and investmentB. infrastructural development in poor nations through low-interest loansC. state ownership of major enterprisesD. regulation of national economies27. Which of the following is true about the International Monetary Fund?A. It is primarily responsible for policing the world trading system.B. It is seen as the lender of last resort to nation-states whose economies are in turmoil.C. It is responsible for establishing multinational treaties to govern the global business system.D. It was established to formulate a coordinated policy response to financial crises in developing nations.28. The _____ was established on October 24, 1945, by 51 countries committed to preserving peace through international cooperation and collective security.A. World Trade OrganizationB. United NationsC. G20txD. World Bank29. The G20tx was originally established to _____.A. preserve peace through international cooperation and collective securityB. maintain order in the international monetary systemC. formulate a coordinated policy response to financial crises in developing nationsD. manage, regulate, and police the global marketplace30. _____ occurs when a firm exports goods or services to consumers in another country.A. International tradeB. Foreign direct investmentC. Inward investmentD. Outsourcing31. In late 2001, the WTO launched a new round of talks in Doha aimed at:A. helping member states to cope with financial crisis.B. further liberalization of the global trade and investment framework.C. protecting national economies from global competition.D. promoting higher standards of living in all member states.32. Which of the following is NOT included in world merchandise trade?A. Manufactured goodsB. Agricultural goodsC. ServicesD. Mining products33. _____ have/has the most to gain from reductions in agricultural tariffs and subsidies that area part of the Doha agenda.A. The world's developed nationsB. The world's poorer nationsC. European nationsD. The United States34. Which of the followin is NOT a consequence of the reduction in trade barriers and restrictions on FDI since 1950?A. Firms are dispersing parts of their production process to global locations to drive down production costs and increase product quality.B. The economies of the world's nation states are becoming more intertwined.C. Nations are becoming more independent of each other for important goods and services.D. The world has become significantly wealthier since 1950.35. The financial crisis in the U.S. in 2009 was triggered by _____.A. the global hike in the price of crude oilB. the slowdown in U.S. importsC. the problems in the U.S. subprime mortgage lending marketD. the artificial fixing of currency rate by China36. _____ predicts that the power of microprocessor technology doubles and its cost of production falls in half every18 months.A. Keynes's LawB. Say's LawC. Moore's LawD. Sullivan Principles37. Containerization allows:A. reduction of the time needed to get from one location to another.B. simplification of transshipment from one mode of transport to another.C. buyers and sellers to find each other easily.D. enterprises to coordinate and control a globally dispersed production system.38. The relative decline of the United States in the share of world output and world exports reflects _____.A. an increase in the barriers to foreign trade in the U.S.B. the deepening of the global financial crisisC. the reduced industrialization in developing nationsD. the growth in the economic development of the world economy39. In the 1970s, many Japanese firms invested in North America and Europe:A. to avoid a highly competitive domestic market.B. to exploit high domestic tariff barriers.C. as a hedge against unfavorable currency movements.D. to take advantage of low labor costs.40. What is the total cumulative value of foreign investments best referred to as?A. Accumulation of foreign sharesB. Portfolio investmentsC. Stock of foreign direct investmentsD. Stock market investments41. Throughout the 1990s, the amount of foreign direct investment directed at both developedand developing nations increased dramatically. This trend reflects:A. a slowdown in global economic activity.B. the increasing share of the U.S. in the total FDI stock.C. the decline in cross-border flows of foreign direct investment.D. the increasing internationalization of business corporations.42. Which of the following countries has been the largest recipient of foreign direct investment and received about $60 billion to $100 billion a year in inflows in 2004-2009?A. BrazilB. RussiaC. IndiaD. China43. A multinational enterprise (MNE) is a fim that _____.A. exports its products to multiple countriesB. has production units in more than two countriesC. does most of its business on the InternetD. lists its securities on a public exchange44. Which of these statements pertaining to cross-border FDI flows is true?A. There was a growth of FDI between 2004 and 2007.B. A slump in FDI from 1998 to 2000 was followed by a surge from 2001 to 2003.C. Among developing nations, the largest recipient of FDI has been Russia.D. The dramatic increase in FDI reflects the decreasing internationalization of business corporations.45. Since the 1960s, which of the following has been a notable trend in the demographics of the multinational enterprise?A. The decline of multinational companies in the manufacturing sectorB. The growth of government-owned multinational enterprisesC. The decline of non-U.S. multinationalsD. The growth of mini-multinationals46. NAFTA was passed only after:A. China agreed to establish a higher minimum wage.B. the U.S. agreed to limit the number of jobs that could be outsourced.C. Mexico committed to tougher enforcement of environmental protection regulations.D. Canada committed to establish new limits on FDI.47. Globalization is criticized because it increases the power of _____.A. governments to own enterprisesB. unskilled labor to form labor unionsC. supranational organizations over nation-statesD. nation-states to regulate markets and reduce competition48. The World Trade Organization has estimated that the developed nations of the world can raise global economic welfare by $128 billion by:A. removing subsidies given to their agricultural producers.B. increasing tariff barriers to trade in agriculture.C. increasing outsourcing of manufacturing processes.D. Reducing defence expenditure.49. An international business, unlike a multinational enterprise, __.A. needs to have manufacturing units in at least two foreign nationsB. needs to manufacture products or provide services that target a global marketC. need not customize its products to the requirements of national marketsD. need not invest directly in operations in other countries50. Which of the following statements is true about an international business?A. An international business needs to invest directly in operations in other countries.B. An international business needs to have homogenous practices across countries.C. An international business can be managed in the same way that a domestic business is managed.D. An international business must find ways to work within the limits imposed by government intervention.。

Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy 51. Which of the following is true about Olson?关于Olson，以下哪项是正确的He taught economics at the University of Maryland.他在马里兰大学教授经济学。

52. Which of the following represents Olson's point of view?以下哪项代表奥尔森的观点？Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth building.保护个人财产权可以促进财富的积累。

53. What does Olson think about mass production?奥尔森如何看待批量生产？It's property intensive.这是财产密集型54. What is the basis for the banking system?银行体系的基础是什么？A contract system that can be enforced.可以强制执行的合同系统。

55. According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries?奥尔森认为，第三世界国家经济欠佳的原因是什么？Lack of secure individual property rights.缺乏安全的个人财产权。

56. What is the other economists' opinion about the poor economies of the Third World?其他经济学家对第三世界的贫困经济有何看法？A free market is not let to determine the prices and quantities of goods.自由市场不允许确定商品的价格和数量。

高三经济全球化英语阅读理解30题1<背景文章>Economic globalization refers to the increasing interdependence of world economies as a result of the growing scale of cross-border trade of commodities and services, flow of international capital and wide and rapid spread of technologies. It is a complex phenomenon that has been evolving over centuries.In ancient times, trade routes such as the Silk Road connected different regions and promoted the exchange of goods and cultures. This was an early form of economic globalization. During the Age of Exploration, European powers expanded their trade networks around the world, further accelerating the process.The Industrial Revolution brought significant changes. Advances in transportation and communication technologies made it possible to move goods and information more quickly and efficiently. This led to a massive increase in international trade and investment.One of the main characteristics of economic globalization is the integration of markets. Companies can now sell their products and services in markets all over the world. This has led to increased competition and has forced businesses to become more efficient and innovative. Anothercharacteristic is the mobility of labor. Skilled workers can move to different countries in search of better job opportunities.Globalization also has its challenges. It can lead to job losses in some industries as companies move production to countries with lower labor costs. It can also widen the gap between rich and poor countries. However, it also offers many opportunities. It can promote economic growth, improve living standards and facilitate the spread of knowledge and technology.In conclusion, economic globalization is a powerful force that is shaping the world economy. It has brought many benefits, but also poses challenges that need to be addressed.1. What is economic globalization mainly the result of?A. The growth of domestic trade.B. The increasing scale of cross-border trade, flow of international capital and spread of technologies.C. The decline of traditional industries.D. The isolation of world economies.答案：B。