设计总说明

设计总说明川口镇35KV变电所属于青海省民和县境内，平均海拔2200M左右，属于高原型变电所，也属于城网变电所，国家二级负荷变电所。

目前，我国的城市电力网和农村电力网正进行大规模的改造，与此相应，城网变电所也必须进行更新换代。

我国电力网的现实情况是常规变电所依然存在，小型变电所、微机监测变电所、综合自动化变电所相继出现，并取得了讯猛发展。

城网改造的主要目的是建设现代化的电力网络，与世界先进电力网接轨。

所谓接轨无非是向世界先进的电力网指标接轨，这些指标可以提高电力网的供电可靠性，降低线路损耗，改善电压质量，增加电力企业的经济效益。

改革开放以来，我国的农电事业得到了迅速发展，同时也经历了一个不断认识、提高、完善的过程。

由于现代科学技术的发展，电力网容量的增大，电压等级的提高，综合自动化水平的需求，使变电所设计问题变得越来越复杂。

除了常规变电所之外，还出现了微机变电所、综合自动化变电所、小型化变电所和无人值班变电所等。

当前，随着我国城乡电网建设与改造工作的开展，对变电所的设计提出了更高更新的要求。

现在国外许多国家早在二十世纪五十年代就开始从事无人值班变电所的建设或将有人值班变电所改造成为无人值班变电所的工作。

现在，世界上一些发达国家90%以上的变电所实现了无人值班，其中包括35KV的变电所，甚至包括电压等级的配电与供电变电所，也包括那些电压等级较高的110、220、330KV的变电所，甚至包括电压等级更高的枢纽变电所和穿越变电所。

我国从二十世纪六十年代开始对无人值班变电所进行试点工作二十世纪八十年代开始，开始推广。

现在，无人值班变电所的建设，基本有两种方案：第一种方案，常规变电所改造为无人值班变电所；第二种方案是，县调自动化综合建设的无人值班变电所。

但是，无人值班变电所建设中无论采用哪种方案，都要花费巨大的投资。

因此，在建设规划中，应该统筹考虑，仔细推敲，以求建设一个较为完善的系统。

建设无人值班所的目的，是要节约变电所的占地面积，以及常规变电所建设中的配套设备、辅助设施方面的大量投资和高额的运行维护费用，增加企业的经济效益。

另一方面，无人值班变电所是在现代技术支持下工作的，现在农网的生产方式，虽有调度统一指挥，但基本上是依靠运行人员的经验，而命令执行的实时性、准确性都无法控制和保证的，实际上是一种粗放型的经营方式。

变电所实行无人值班后，实行自动化管理，具有工况优化软件，专家系统支持其运行业务，是集约化、智能化的管理方式，必须是电网运行的可靠性和经济性显著提高。

随着电网电网迅速发展和运行管理需求的增强，调动自动化设备的技术水平和运行稳定性的不断提高，我国各省、市的电力局已经投入了一批无人值班变电所。

随着我国电网建设与改造工程的开展，今后无人值班变电所还要成批的出现。

建立无人值班变电所是一项耗资巨大的系统工程，为了使这项工作健康的发展，规划是顺利实现无人值班变电所的基础。

并且指出：要对实施变电所无人值班所的规模、现实与发展的关系，有总体设计，将变电所无人值班的规划与电网规划，电网改造规划，调度、通信、自动化等有关规划结合起来。

自从计算机技术深入到电力系统以来，微机监测技术获得了快速的发展，计算机在电力系统的应用，主要以监测电力系统参数为主，即所谓发展SCADA系统。

但是，随着电力系统自动化水平的提高，SCADA系统不能满足生产实践的要求，因此才开始发展变电所综合自动化系统。

这种系统集保护、远动、监控为一体，是一种分布式的综合自动化装置。

其把继电保护、远动技术、参数监测等各种功能分布在各个单片机上，而这些单片机通过计算机网络连接起来，形成一个有机的自动化装置。

总之，35KV综合自动化变电所在我国发展具有良好的发展前景，尤其是在我国西北地区，随着西部大开发的政策推广，无人值班变电所更是更是需要推广和建设，来满足电力的发展。

关键词： 35KV变电所，电气主接线，继电保护，电气设备选型General Information DesignKawaguchi town 35 KV substation belonging to the territory in Minhe County in Qinghai Province, the average elevation 2,200 M% Substation belonging to plateau, but also to the City Network Substation, substation load two countries.Currently, the country's urban and rural power grid electricity grid is conducting a large-scale transformation, and accordingly, urban and rural substation must also updating. China's power grid situation is the reality still exists conventional substation, small substation and the computer monitor substations and integrated substation automation has been up and made into fast development.The main purpose of the retrofit is the modernization of the electricity network, with the world's advanced power network convergence. Theso-called convergence is nothing but to the world advanced grid convergence indicators, these indicators can improve grid reliability of the power supply, reduce line losses, improve voltage quality, and increase the economic efficiency of enterprises power.Since reform and opening up, China's agricultural industry -- have enjoyed rapid development, but also experienced a continual awareness, enhancing, improve the process. Because of modern science and technology development, the electricity network capacity increases, the voltage levels increase, the level of integrated automation needs, Substation design to make the issue more and more complicated. Apart from the conventional substation, has been in a microcomputer substations and integrated substation automation, Small unmanned substations and other substation. At present, as China's urban and rural power grid construction and renovation work, the design of the substation a higher update requirements.Now many foreign countries as early as the 20th century the 1950s began working on unmanned substations in the building or be someone on duty change CLP transformed into unmanned substation work. Now, some of the world's developed countries more than 90% of the substation unattended, including the 35 KV substation, including the voltage level of power supply and distribution substation, also those higher voltage rating of 110, the 220,330 KV substation, even including the higher voltage rating hubsubstation and crossing substation. China from the 20th century to the 1960s unmanned substation for the 20th century experimental work started in the 1980s began.Unattended building which is designed to save substation footprint, as well as conventional substation construction of ancillary equipment, supporting facilities are large investment and high operation and maintenance cost and increase the economic efficiency of enterprises. The other hand, the unmanned substation in modern technical support work, and now the rural network of production, Although scheduling a unified command, but the operation is basically rely on the experience and the Order of the implementation of real-time, accuracy can control and assurance, in fact, is an extensive mode of operation. Application of unmanned substation, automation management, with the status of optimization software, expert system to support its business operations. is an intensive and intelligent management, the network must be operational reliability and economy improved significantly.At present, unmanned substations in the building, there are two basic programs : the first option, Conventional transforming substation unmanned substation; The second program, County Integrated Automation of Unattended building substations. However, the unmanned substation construction Whatever the program must spend enormous investment. Therefore, the construction plan, we should consider this carefully analyzed in order to build a more perfect system.With the rapid development of network and network operations management needs of the military, mobilize automation equipment technology and operational stability of the continuous improvement of China's provinces, City Power Authority has put a number of unmanned substation. As China's power grid construction and renovation project, the launch of future unmanned substation also bulk happen.Unattended substation building is a hugely costly project, in order for the healthy development of the work, Planning is the smooth realization of unmanned substation foundation. And noted : to implement unmanned substation by the scale, the reality of relations and development, design, Unattended substation to the planning and network planning, thetransformation of power grids in the planning, scheduling, communications, and automation of the planning.Since computer technology depth to the power system, the computer monitor technology is a rapid development, Computer Power systems, primarily to monitor the main power system parameters, the so-called SCADA systems development. However, as the power system to improve the level of automation, SCADA system can not meet the production requirements of practice. Thus began the development of integrated substation automation system. This system integrates protection, remote control and monitoring of integration, is a distributed integrated automation devices. On their protection, remote control technology, monitoring of various parameters of the distribution function in all MCU, These microcontroller through the computer network linking together to form an organic automation devices.In short, integrated automation 35KV substation in China's development has good prospects for development, especially in Northwest China, As the great western development policy promotion, unmanned substation is even more the need to promote and construction of electricity to meet the development.Keywords : 35KV substation, the main electrical wiring, electrical equipment selection。