英国基本知识exercise about the UK

英语国家概况复习资料英语国家概况复习资料英语国家概况是学习英语的重要一环，了解英语国家的历史、文化、地理等方面，有助于更好地理解和运用英语。

在这篇文章中，我们将回顾一些关于英语国家的基本知识，帮助大家复习和加深对这些国家的了解。

一、英国（United Kingdom）英国是英语的发源地，也是英语国家中最重要的一个。

它由四个国家组成：英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。

英国是一个具有悠久历史和丰富文化的国家，拥有众多的文学、音乐和戏剧作品。

莎士比亚、狄更斯、毛姆等伟大的作家都出自英国。

此外，英国还有许多著名大学，如剑桥大学和牛津大学。

二、美国（United States）美国是世界上最大的英语国家之一，也是世界上最强大的国家之一。

它拥有丰富的资源和多元化的文化。

美国是一个移民国家，各种不同的文化和宗教在这里融合。

美国有众多著名的城市，如纽约、洛杉矶和芝加哥，每个城市都有其独特的魅力和特色。

此外，美国还是全球科技和创新的领导者，许多世界知名的科技公司都来自美国。

三、加拿大（Canada）加拿大是北美洲的一个国家，是英语和法语并存的国家。

加拿大是一个拥有广阔土地和丰富资源的国家，同时也是一个多元文化的国家。

加拿大的自然风光非常壮观，有着世界上最美丽的国家公园和湖泊。

此外，加拿大在教育和医疗领域也非常发达，拥有世界一流的大学和医疗系统。

四、澳大利亚（Australia）澳大利亚是一个位于南半球的国家，也是一个英语国家。

澳大利亚拥有宽广的土地和独特的动植物资源，是世界上最大的岛屿国家。

澳大利亚的自然环境非常独特，有着世界上最壮观的珊瑚礁和大堡礁。

此外，澳大利亚还以其高质量的教育和研究机构而闻名，吸引着来自世界各地的留学生。

五、新西兰（New Zealand）新西兰是一个位于南太平洋的岛国，也是一个英语国家。

新西兰的自然环境非常优美，有着壮丽的山脉、湖泊和海岸线。

新西兰是一个农业和旅游业发达的国家，其乳制品和葡萄酒在世界上享有盛誉。

英国必背知识点总结Geography and EnvironmentThe United Kingdom is an island nation located off the northwest coast of mainland Europe. It is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The UK has a total land area of approximately 243,610 square kilometers and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the North Sea to the east. The UK's diverse landscapes include mountains, hills, valleys, and coastal plains, and it experiences a temperate climate with mild temperatures, abundant rainfall, and frequent cloud cover.Population and CultureThe UK has a population of over 66 million people, with the majority living in England, particularly in and around London. The UK is known for its rich cultural heritage and has made significant contributions to the fields of literature, music, art, and science. The country is home to numerous world-renowned institutions, such as the British Museum, the Tate Modern, and the Royal Opera House. The UK also has a vibrant multicultural society, with influences from various ethnic groups and immigration patterns shaping the country's cultural landscape.History and MonarchyThe UK has a long and complex history, with roots dating back to ancient times. England, Scotland, and Wales were united under a single monarchy in 1603 with the accession of James VI of Scotland to the throne of England, creating the Kingdom of Great Britain. In 1707, the Act of Union officially merged England and Scotland, forming the Kingdom of Great Britain, and in 1801, the Act of Union united Great Britain and Ireland, creating the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The Irish Free State gained independence in 1922, leading to the formation of Northern Ireland. The UK is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy, and the current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 1952, making her the longest-reigning monarch in British history.Politics and GovernmentThe UK has a parliamentary system of government, with the Parliament consisting of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The Prime Minister is the head of the government and is appointed by the monarch. The UK is also a member of international organizations such as the United Nations, the European Union (until Brexit in 2020), and the Commonwealth of Nations. The country's legal system is based on common law, and the UK is known for its tradition of independent judiciary and the rule of law.Economy and TradeThe UK has the sixth-largest economy in the world by nominal GDP and is a major global financial center. Its economy is diversified and includes industries such as finance,manufacturing, technology, and services. The UK has a strong trading relationship with Europe, particularly through the European Union, and is also a member of the World Trade Organization. The country has a high standard of living and is known for its strong consumer market, innovative business sectors, and global influence in cultural and creative industries.Education and HealthcareThe UK has a world-renowned education system, with many prestigious universities and academic institutions. It is also home to some of the oldest and most respected schools, such as Oxford and Cambridge. The country's healthcare system is the National Health Service (NHS), which provides free medical care to all residents. The NHS is funded through taxation and is considered one of the most comprehensive and accessible healthcare systems in the world.Cultural HeritageThe UK has a rich cultural heritage that is reflected in its art, literature, music, and traditions. The country has produced many influential writers and poets, such as William Shakespeare, Jane Austen, and Charles Dickens, as well as iconic musicians and bands, including The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, and Adele. The UK also has a strong tradition of theater, with world-renowned venues such as the Royal Shakespeare Company and the National Theatre. The country's traditions, such as the Royal Family, the Changing of the Guard, and the Highland Games, are also integral to its cultural identity.Sports and RecreationThe UK has a strong sporting culture and is home to many popular sports, including football, rugby, cricket, and golf. The country has a long history of hosting international sporting events, such as the Wimbledon tennis tournament, the Open Championship in golf, and the Rugby World Cup. The UK is also known for its natural beauty and outdoor recreational opportunities, with famous landmarks such as the Lake District, the Scottish Highlands, and the Welsh countryside attracting millions of visitors each year.In conclusion, the United Kingdom is a diverse and dynamic country with a rich history, vibrant culture, and influential global presence. Understanding these key knowledge points about the UK can provide a comprehensive overview of this influential nation, its people, and its contributions to the world. Whether it is in the fields of politics, economy, culture, or sports, the UK continues to play a significant role on the global stage, and its impact is felt in many aspects of modern society.。

英国基本知识exerciseabouttheUKExercises 1I. decide whether the following states are true (T) or false (F).1. The United Kingdom is located in southern Europe.2. The United Kingdom consists of four political divisions —England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland.3. England is one of the two large islands in the British Isles.4. The British Isles are made up of three large islands and hundreds of small ones.5. Wales lies on the east coast of the island of Great Britain.6. The Commonwealth of Nations is a free association of independent countries which has 54 members.7. In Scotland, rugged mountains, green valleys, and deep, blue lakes provide some of the most beautiful scenery in Europe.8. The longest river in Britain is the Thames.9. The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh in northwest England.10. Britain’s climate is influenced by the Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current that sweeps up fromthe equator and flows past the British Isles.11.The English, the Scots, and the Welsh are Anglo-Saxons, but the Irish are Celts.12.London and England as a whole have great influence over the rest of the United Kingdombecause of their large population.13.People of Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi origin are the largest group of immigrants inBritain./doc/4e1164326.html,pared to the rest ofthe world, the UK has a smaller percentage of older people and ahigher percentage of younger people.15.The Welsh language is the official language in Wales.16.Scottish Gaelic is the official language in Scotland.17.The English language is the predominant language in Northern Ireland.18.English people all strive to free themselves of regional or local accents in order to sound likeeducated English-speaking people.19.Social class in the UK lays more emphasis on money and property.20.Britishness is associated with political, historical, technological, sporting, and culturalachievements in Britain.21.The first Roman invasion took place in 43 AD, headed by the Emperor Julius Caesar.22.The name “England” derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who came toEngland in the 5th and 6th centuries.23.The Magna Carta defined the King’s feudal rights, preventing him from arbitrarily collectingrevenue.24.The Black Death once ravaged England, carrying off three fourths of the population.25.During Edward III’s reign, the war with France known as the Hundred Years’ War began.26.The Wars of the Roses were in the main a great contest for Crown between the rival housesof York and Lancaster.27.Queen Mary was a follower of the Church of England and she was determined to makeEngland once again a Protestant country.28.James’ son, Charles I, who succeeded him in 1625, also thought that his right to rule wasGod-given.29.The establishment of the British East India Company in 1600 was a case of economicpenetration.30.Although the monarch does not have any real power, he (or she) does have great influence.31.Britain does not have a written constitution.32.Each Member of Parliament represents a constituency, and holds his seat during the life of aParliament.33.The House of Lords is the second chamber where changes in law can be made.34.The party which wins the second largest number of seats in the House of Lords becomes theofficial Opposition.35.Ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of the Prime Minister.36.The two major parties in Britain today are the Conservative Party and the Liberal DemocraticParty.37.Ministers in Britain cannot be elected Members of Parliament at the same time.38.Although Britain is a unitary state, it does not have a single legal system.39. A Magistrates’ Court sits with a jury.40.The main courts of civil jurisdiction in England and Wales are the County Courts.41. A century ago the British economy was among the strongest in the world.42.John Maynard Keynes was an influential American economist.43. A strong opponent of the policies of the Labor Party, Margaret Thatcher worked to increasegovernment control over the British economy.44.In Britain service industries account for about two-thirds of its gross domestic product.45.Most of the United Kingdom’s trade is with other developed countries, especially othermembers of the European Union.46.Today, the City of London is the center of London where government departments arelocated.47.Christianity was first introduced into Britain by St. Augustine in the 6th century.48.Under the Act of Settlement 1701, the British monarch is required to be a member of theChurch of England.49.The Supreme Governor of the Church of England is the Archbishop of Canterbury.50.Canterbury Cathedral is used for the Coronation of all British Monarchs.51.The Baptist Union of Great Britain is the largest of the Free Churches in Britain.52.The UK has the second largest Jewish community in Western Europe.53.Parents are required by law to ensure that their children receive compulsory full-timeeducation between the age of 5 and 16.54.Most of the state secondary school population in Great Britain attends comprehensiveschools.55.In the UK, public schools are publicly-funded schools.56.In the UK, most undergraduate (bachelor’s) degrees take three years to complete.57.The Open University was intended to give opportunities to adults who have been unable totake conventional higher education.58.More than 70 British citizens have been awarded the Nobel Prize in science, second only tothe United States.II Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question.1.The British Isles are made up of _______.A. three large islands and hundreds of small onesB. three large islands and dozens of small onesC. two large islands and hundreds of small onesD. two large islands and dozens of small ones2.Which of the following is NOT a political division on the island of Great Britain?A. England.B. Scotland.C. Northern Ireland.D. Wales.3.Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the _______ and theNorth Sea in the east.A. eastB. southC. westD. north4.The Republic of Ireland was totally independent in the year _______.A. 1920B. 1945C. 1918D. 19495.The highest mountain in Britain, Ben Nevis, lies in ______.A. the HighlandsB. the Southern UplandsC. the Central LowlandsD. the Lake District6.The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth ofNations in __________.A. 1921B. 1931C. 1945D. 19507.The mountain system the Pennines is often called the backbone of _______.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Great BritainD. Ireland8.The regional capital of Northern Ireland is _______.A. GlasgowB. EdinburghC. CardiffD. Belfast9.Which of the following statements about the climate in Britain is NOT true?A. Britain’s climate is of the maritime type.B. Winters in Britain are extremely cold.C. Summers in Britain are cool.D. Britain is warmer than Harbin in winter.10.The English people and the English language were born from the union of ________.A. the Angles and the SaxonsB. Romans and the Norman FrenchC. Danes or Vikings and the Norman FrenchD. Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons11.The first known settlers of Britain were _______.A. the IberiansB. the Beaker FolkC. the CeltsD. the Romans12.About 80,000 Scots speak Gaelic which is an ancient _________.A. Scottish languageB. English languageC. Irish languageD. Celtic language13.About three million people have migrated to Britain since World War II. They are mainlyfrom the West Indies, India and __________.A. IndonesiaB. SingaporeC. Hong KongD. Pakistan14.In Britain _______ of the population is urban and _______ is rural.A. 90% ; 10%B. 80% ; 20%C. 70% ; 30%D. 60% ; 40%15.The ancestors of the Welsh were the ancient __________.A. CeltsB. RomansC. NormansD. Britons16.The average population density in Britain is ______ people per square kilometer.A. 250B. 370C. 800D. 50017.During the 5th century when the Roman Empire fell, the Germanic _________ invaded andconquered Britain.A. Angles and CeltsB. Angles and PictsC. Angles and BrythonsD. Angles and Saxons18.The upper class in Britain consists of the following except _________.A. peerageB. gentryC. landownersD. professionals19.In 1066 Harold and his troops fought against Willi am’s army on Senlac field near ________.A. LondonB. NormandyC. StandfordD. Hastings20.The Plantagenet Dynasty was founded by _________.A. HenryB. Henry IIC. King JosephD. Count of Anjor21.English Reformation was carried out by _______ to change the religion in England fromCatholicism to Protestantism.A. Edward VIB. Henry VIIIC. Mary ID. Elizabeth I22.King John was forced by the barons to sign the _______ which restricted the King’s power.A. Bill of RightsB. Petition of RightC. Provisions of OxfordD. Great Charter23.Simon de Montfort’s reform is considered to be the beginning of English _______.A. parliamentB. cabinetC. constitutionD. liberty24.From 1649 to 1658 England was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by OliverCromwell as _______.A. Lord ProtectorB. Lieutenant GeneralC. Commander of the New Model ArmyD. President25.William of Orange started Constitutional Monarchy by accepting _______ in 1689.A. Bill of RightsB. Petition of RightC. Provisions of OxfordD. Great Charter26.The 1851 London Great Exposition was held in the Crystal Palace which was designed byQueen _______’s husband Albert.A. MaryB. Elizabeth IC. VictoriaD. Anne27.The British Prime Minister who led the British to defeat Nazi Germany is _______.A. ChurchillB. ChamberlainC. MacDonaldD. Macmillan28.The British constitution is made up of the following EXCEPT ___________.A. Commonwealth lawB. statute lawC. common lawD. ancient documents29.The House of Commons is elected by universal suffrage and has about ___________Members of Parliament.A. 650B. 660C. 670D. 68030.British Conservative Party was formerly called _______ Party in the 18th century.A. WhigB. ToryC. LiberalD. Nationalist31.The United Kingdom is governed in the name of ___________, by ___________.A. the King; the Prime MinisterB. the Queen; the Prime MinisterC. the Prime Minister; His or Her Majesty’s GovernmentD. the Sovereign; His or Her Majesty’s Government32.________ is the “supreme governor” of the Church of England.A. The monarchB. The Archbishop of YorkC. The Archbishop of CanterburyD. The Roman Pope33.In Britain the citizens aged ____________ or over have the right to vote.A. 16B. 18C. 21D. 3034.By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed ____________ by the Sovereign inthe United Kingdom.A. Prime MinisterB. Member of ParliamentC. Lord of AppealD. Speaker of the House35.The Liberal Democratic Party is the combination of the Social Democratic Party and_____________.A. the Conservative PartyB. the Labour PartyC. the Liberal PartyD. the Green Party36.Parliament has the following functions EXCEPT ____________.A. making lawB. authorizing taxation and public expenditureC. declaring warD. examining the actions of the government37.All criminal trials are held in open court because the criminal law presumes the _______ ofthe accused until he has been proven guilty beyondreasonable doubt.A. guiltB. impartialityC. innocenceD. honesty38.The jury consists of ordinary, independent citizens summoned by the court: 12 in England,Wales and Northern Island, and ___________ in Scotland.A. 12B. 13C. 14D. 1539.Whether the accused is guilty or innocent is decided by _________.A. the policemenB. the juryC. the judgeD. the sheriff40.In England and Wales the highest judicial appointments are made by the Queen on the adviceof ________.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the Home SecretaryC. the Prime MinisterD. the Attorney General41.Criminal cases in England and Wales may NOT be tried in ____________.A. the Magistrates’ CourtB. the Court of AppealC. the High CourtD. the Crown Court42.The three “lay” magistrates that make up a Magistrates’ Court in Britain are known as_________.A. Justices of the PeaceB. stipendiary magistratesC. Justices of LawD. part-time magistrates43.The most serious criminal offences in Scotland are tried in __________.A. the District CourtB. the Sheriff CourtC. the High Court of JusticiaryD. the Crown Court44.The economic policy Britain pursued in the 1950s and 1960s was based on the theory of_______.A. Adam SmithB. John Maynard KeynesC. Margaret ThatcherD. Karl Marx45.Under Margaret Thatcher Britain experienced ______.A. economic recessionB. economic expansionC. economic declineD. economic depression46.In Britain less than ________ of the population are farmers.A. 2%B. 4%C. 6%D. 10%47.In the ______ Britain became a net exporter of oil.A. 1960sB. 1970sC. 1980sD. 1990s48.To stimulate economic recovery, the Thatcher Government carried out all the followingpolicies but ______.A. privatizationB. interventionismC. deregulationD. market liberalization49.Britain is the ____ largest trading nation in the world.A. thirdB. fourthC. fifthD. sixth50.British oil fields were discovered on the _______.A. English ChannelB. Irish SeaC. Norwegian SeaD. North Sea51.________ is the largest of the Free Churches.A. The BaptistsB. The Methodist ChurchC. The Roman Catholic ChurchD. The Church in Wales52.Established Churches in Britain are ___________.A. Church of England and Church of WalesB. Church of Wales and Church of ScotlandC. the Anglican ChurchesD. Church of England and Church of Scotland53.The Free Churches do NOT include _________.A. the Church of EnglandB. the Methodist ChurchC. the Baptist ChurchD. the United Reformed Church54.The principal non-Christian communities in Britain are _______.A. the MoslemsB. the BuddhistsC. the HindusD. the Jews55.The Church of Scotland is a ________ church.A. MethodistB. BaptistC. PresbyterianD. Catholic56.In Great Britain, the ___________ is uniquely related to the Crown.A. Church of EnglandB. Church of ScotlandC. Church of IrelandD. Church of Wales57.The Church of England has two provinces. They are ________.A. Canterbury and YorkB. London and YorkC. Durham and CanterburyD. London and Winchester58.There are some _______ universities in Britain, including the Open University.A. 70B. 80C. 90D. 10059.The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge date from the _____________ centuries.A. 12th and 13thB. 13th and 14thC. 14th and 15thD. 15th and 16th60.The usual age for transfer from primary to secondary schools is _____________ in England,Wales and Northern Ireland.A. 14B. 13C. 12D. 1161.In Britain, private schools are often called ______.A. comprehensive schoolsB. grammar schoolsC. secondary modern schoolsD. independent schools62.In Britain, education at primary levels emphasizes the following EXCEPT ____________.A. readingB. writingC. arithmeticD. science63.The following universities belong to “red-brick” universities EXCEPT _________.A. University of LeedsB. University of LiverpoolC. University of ManchesterD. University of GlasgowIII. Fill in the Blanks1.The full name of UK is ______________________________________________________.2.__________, ____________, ___________ and _____________are the four constituent partsof the UK.3.The Island of Great Britain is made up of ____________, ___________, and ____________.4.The British Isles is made up of _______________, _______________ and ______________.5.Physically, Great Britain can be divided into two major natural regions:_________________and _________________.6.The UK is bordered on the south by the _________________, on the east by__________________.7.___________is the largest, most populous, and wealthiest part of the UK.8.______________is the longest river in the UK, and the second largest but most importantriver is the ________________.9.The largest lake is ____________________which is found in Northern Ireland.10.The UK has a _________________________________climate.11._____________________is known as the “backbone of England”.12.The majority of the Irish people are descendants of ___________ people; and the English aredescendants of_______________________.13.The constitution in the UK consists of _____________________, _________________________________________, ancient documents and European Union law.14.In UK today, the official head of state is _________________ while the real center ofpolitical life is in______________________.15.The party which wins the majority seats in parliament forms ________ and the party leaderbecomes ___________.16.The head of government is __________________ who is the _________ of the winning party17.Strictly speaking, the Parliament today consists of ________________, _________________,and ________________.18.There are 3 major political parties in the UK: _________________________,_______________________, and _____________________.19.______________ is the Prime Minister of UK now. He is the leader of _____________ party.20.House of Lords, known as __________________________, consist of _________________,______________________ and the law lords.21.The official residence of British queen is_____________________, and the residence of thePrime Minister is ______________________.22.The general election is held every _________years.23.The Wars of the Roses were staged between the houses of _______________ and______________ for the English throne.24.In UK education is ___________________for children from the age of 5 -16.25.In UK about 90% of secondary schools are _______________ schools which provide generaleducation.26.The famous public schools like ____________ and ____________in UK are most famousprivate secondary schools.27.The UK’s oldest and foremost universities are __________ and_____________.28.In 1989, the Conservative government under Margaret Thatcher introduced a_______________ and unified subjects to all schools throughout the country.29.After 5 years of secondary education students in UK will take their _____________ exams.30.Pupils who hope to attend university will sit ______________ exams.31.Pupils who decide not to go to university may choose to take vocational training and get______________________ which provide preparation for work.32.The church in Britain is divided into the two provinces of _______________ and _________.33.The three major sources of English and Welsh law are______________, ________________and __________________.IV. Translate the following terms into Chinese1. constitutional monarchy2. parliamentary democracy3. MPs4. the Cabinet member5. primary industry6. tertiary industry7. The Commonwealth Nations 8. maritime climate9. the National Curriculum 10. Open University11. the Legislature 12.the Executive13. the Judiciary 14. House of Lords15. House of Commons 16. PM17. shadow cabinet 18. Coalition government19. BA 20.BS21.MA 22.MSV. Answer questions1.What is the capital of UK, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland?2.What are the characteristics of the British Constitution?3.What are the functions of the Parliament? What are the two Houses in the parliament? Whichhas real power? Why?4.What is structure of UK’s nati onal government?5.Can you briefly introduce the British education system?6.According to the financial resources, what are the different types of schools in Britain?7.How can the British universities be classified?8.How do you understand “the rule of law” in Britain?9.What part do the Monarch, the Prime Minister, and the Lord Spiritual, play in the Church ofEngland, respectively?。

普及英国小常识
英国是一个由四个国家组成的联合王国，包括英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。

以下是一些关于英国的小常识：
1. 英国首都是伦敦，也是英国最大的城市。

2. 英国的国旗是红十字白底旗，也被称作圣乔治旗。

3. 英国的官方语言是英语，但苏格兰和威尔士还有自己的语言。

4. 英国货币是英镑，常被缩写为GBP（Great Britain Pound）。

5. 英国通常采用24小时制，而美国则使用12小时制。

6. 英国驾驶员坐在车的右侧，行驶方向也是左侧。

7. 英国中午12点被称为“午餐时间”，晚餐一般于晚上6点左
右开始。

8. 英国有一家超市连锁店叫做“Tesco”，是全英国最大的零售
商之一。

9. 英国最受欢迎的运动是足球，而板球也是传统体育项目之一。

10. 英国最有名的节日包括圣诞节、复活节、万圣节等。

11. 英国国鸟是欧洲燕雀，国花是玫瑰。

12. 苏格兰的著名民族服饰是“凯尔特人裙”，常常在婚礼和传
统活动中穿着。

13. 英国最受欢迎的旅游城市包括伦敦、爱丁堡、巴斯和约克等。

14. 英国有很多古老建筑和历史遗址，包括巨石阵、温莎城堡、巴斯罗马浴场等。

15. 英国是一个拥有悠久历史和文化底蕴的国家，也是世界上
最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一。

高考英国知识点总结英国是一个西欧岛国，拥有悠久的历史和文化底蕴。

其对于世界政治、经济、文化等方面均有着深远的影响。

在高考英语考试中，关于英国的知识点是不可忽视的一部分。

本文将对高考英语考试中常见的英国知识点进行总结和归纳。

一、地理与人文1. 首都：伦敦是英国的首都，也是英国最大的城市。

伦敦是一个国际化大都市，拥有世界上许多知名的地标，如大本钟、伦敦塔桥和白金汉宫等。

2. 名山大川：英国有许多著名的自然地理景点，如九叠瀑布、英国湖区和苏格兰高地等。

此外，英国还有伦敦塔和温莎城堡等历史建筑景点。

3. 名人与文化：英国诞生了众多的文学巨匠和音乐之星，如莎士比亚、狄更斯、披头士乐队和皇后乐队等。

这些名人和他们的作品成为了英国文化的重要组成部分。

4. 政治体系：英国是君主立宪制国家，君主是国家的元首，首相是英国的政府首脑。

英国议会是英国的立法机构，由上议院和下议院组成。

二、历史与文化1. 大不列颠帝国：英国曾是一个拥有庞大殖民地的帝国，它统治过印度、美洲等地。

英国的殖民活动对于世界格局的变化产生了重要的影响。

2. 文学与戏剧：英国享有世界文学史上的重要地位，众多文学作品和戏剧作品源自英国。

如莎士比亚的戏剧作品、狄更斯的长篇小说等。

3. 音乐与艺术：英国对现代音乐和艺术的发展有着深远的影响。

英国流行音乐和摇滚乐在世界范围内广受欢迎，毕加索等艺术家也受到英国艺术的启发。

4. 温莎王朝：英国历史上的温莎王朝是一个重要的政治时期，代表了英国的强大与辉煌。

维多利亚女王的统治使英国成为一个世界强国。

三、教育与科技1. 名校与教育体系：英国拥有世界上许多著名的大学，如剑桥大学和牛津大学等。

英国的教育体系严谨而高效，吸引了许多留学生前往就读。

2. 科学与发明：英国在科学技术方面有着辉煌的历史。

牛顿的万有引力定律、达尔文的进化论等科学理论都源自英国。

四、体育与娱乐1. 足球与板球：足球和板球是英国最受欢迎的体育运动。

英超联赛是全球最具影响力的足球联赛之一。

英国概况知识点总结Geography- The UK is an island nation, comprising the island of Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands.- The UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, and the Irish Sea.- The landscape of the UK is diverse, with mountains, lakes, rivers, and rolling hills. The highest mountain is Ben Nevis in Scotland, and the longest river is the River Severn in England.Population- The UK has a population of approximately 66 million people, making it the 22nd most populous country in the world.- The majority of the population is concentrated in the urban areas, with London being the largest city and economic hub of the country.History- The history of the UK is rich and diverse, with influences from the Roman, Anglo-Saxon, Viking, and Norman invasions shaping the country's culture and traditions.- The UK has been a major player in global events, including the Industrial Revolution, the British Empire, and both World Wars.Government- The UK is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government.- The head of state is the monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II, while the head of government is the Prime Minister.- The UK has a bicameral parliament, consisting of the House of Commons and the House of Lords.Economy- The UK has one of the largest and most developed economies in the world.- It is a leading financial center, with London being the financial capital of the world.- Major industries include finance, manufacturing, technology, and tourism.Culture- The UK has a rich cultural heritage, with a diverse mix of traditions, customs, and art forms. - It has been home to prominent writers, musicians, artists, and scientists, including William Shakespeare, the Beatles, and Isaac Newton.- The UK is known for its iconic landmarks, such as the Big Ben, Buckingham Palace, and Stonehenge.Education- The UK has a well-established education system, with a strong emphasis on academic excellence and research.- It is home to some of the world's top universities, including Oxford and Cambridge. Language- The official language of the UK is English, but there are also regional languages such as Welsh and Scottish Gaelic.Religion- The UK is a predominantly Christian country, with the Church of England being the established church.- It is also home to various religious communities, including Muslims, Hindus, Sikhs, and Jews.Transportation- The UK has a well-developed transportation network, including an extensive road and rail system.- It is also home to several major airports, including Heathrow and Gatwick.Healthcare- The UK has a national healthcare system, known as the National Health Service (NHS), which provides free healthcare to all residents.Sports- The UK has a strong sporting culture, with popular sports including football, rugby, cricket, and tennis.- It has hosted major sporting events, such as the Olympics and the FIFA World Cup.These are just a few of the key points about the United Kingdom. Its rich history, diverse culture, and strong economy make it a fascinating and influential country on the global stage.。

有关英国知识点总结英国全称为大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国（The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland），简称“英国”（The UK），属于欧洲的一个国家，由四个国家组成：英格兰（England）、苏格兰（Scotland）、威尔士（Wales）和北爱尔兰（Northern Ireland）。

英国位于欧洲大陆西北端，大部分地区是岛国，其中包括大不列颠岛（包括英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰）和爱尔兰岛东北部的一部分，以及许多其他岛屿。

首都是伦敦。

地理英国面积约为24.3万平方公里，是欧洲第三大岛国，也是欧洲第一大岛-大不列颠岛最大的构成部分。

英国周围被大西洋、北海、爱尔兰海和英吉利海峡围绕，总长度超过7,700公里。

英国是欧洲最大的东部最主要的岛国，英国北部是苏格兰高地、西南部是威尔士山地，英国东南部是英格兰低地。

由于地处大西洋暖流区域，英国气候受海洋性气候影响，夏季凉爽，冬季温和，降雨充分。

人口和语言英国是多民族国家，人口约为6600万，其中绝大部分是居住于英格兰，约占总人口的85%。

英国的人口构成非常复杂，种族和文化上多元。

英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士、北爱尔兰各自拥有独特的历史、文化和风俗，它们之间有着长期的交往和合作，也有着较多的矛盾和矛盾。

英国官方语言是英语，居民中也有一些人口使用威尔士语(部分威尔士地区)、苏格兰盖尔语（苏格兰高地）和爱尔兰语（北爱尔兰）。

英国是国际上使用英语最广泛的国家之一，在教育、政治、经济和文化上都占有重要地位。

文化英国在世界各国有着重要的地位，是世界上最有影响力、最受欢迎的文化大国之一。

英国音乐、戏剧、文学、电影等艺术领域的成就都世界闻名。

其中，英国文学史可追溯到700多年前的中世纪。

代表作品有威廉·莎士比亚的戏剧和诗歌，查尔斯·狄更斯的小说，简·奥斯汀的小说等。

英国的音乐历史悠久，包括古典音乐和流行音乐，有着众多举世闻名的音乐家和乐队，如披头士乐队、皇后乐队、滚石乐队等。

英国的知识点英国是一个拥有悠久历史和丰富文化的国家。

它是一个由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成的联合王国。

英国不仅有着众多令人着迷的名胜古迹，还有许多世界著名的大学和科研机构。

本文将以“英国的知识点”为主题，逐步探讨英国的历史、文化、教育和旅游等方面的内容。

1. 历史英国的历史可以追溯到数千年前。

最早的居民可以追溯到史前时代。

随着时代的变迁，凯尔特人、罗马帝国以及盎格鲁-撒克逊人相继统治了这片土地，直到1066年，诺曼底公爵威廉一世成功征服英格兰。

此后，英国经历了一系列的王朝更迭和历史事件，包括英国宗教改革、工业革命等。

2. 文化英国的文化对全世界产生了深远的影响。

英国文学作品如莎士比亚的戏剧、狄更斯的小说以及奥斯卡·王尔德的剧本等都享誉世界。

此外，英国还是摇滚乐和流行音乐的诞生地，披头士乐队等许多英国乐队在音乐界取得了巨大的成就。

英国人对体育也非常热爱，足球是最受欢迎的运动项目之一。

此外，板球、橄榄球和网球等也在英国广泛流行。

3. 教育英国在教育领域享有盛誉。

它拥有世界上一些最古老和顶尖的大学，如牛津大学和剑桥大学。

这些大学以其卓越的教学和研究质量吸引着来自世界各地的学生。

除了大学教育，英国的中小学教育体系也非常完善，培养了许多杰出的人才。

4. 旅游英国是一个旅游胜地，吸引了大量的游客。

伦敦是英国最著名的城市之一，拥有许多标志性建筑，如大本钟、伦敦塔桥和白金汉宫等。

英国还拥有美丽的自然风光，如苏格兰的高地、威尔士的山脉以及湖区等。

此外，英国还有许多博物馆和艺术馆，如大英博物馆、国家艺术馆等，这些地方展示了众多珍贵的文物和艺术品，吸引了来自世界各地的文化爱好者。

5. 食物英国的饮食文化也很独特。

英国传统的美食包括炸鱼薯条、英式早餐和肉馅饼等。

此外，英国也有许多国际美食可供选择，如印度菜、中餐等。

总结起来，英国是一个拥有丰富历史和文化的国家。

它的知识点涵盖了历史、文化、教育和旅游等方面。

英国概况知识点详细总结英国（The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland）是由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个国家组成的一个国家。

英国位于欧洲西部，东临北海，南隔英吉利海峡与法国相望，西临爱尔兰海，北隔北爱尔兰海与爱尔兰相邻。

英国是一个历史悠久、文化灿烂的国家，也是全球最重要的经济体之一，拥有着丰富的自然资源和多样的人文景观，是一个深受世界瞩目的国家。

地理位置英国位于欧洲的西部，总面积约为24.4万平方公里，辖地面积主要包括英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个国家。

英国的地理位置得天独厚，气候宜人，四季分明，是一个得天独厚的旅游胜地。

人口英国目前的人口约为6,600万人，其中英格兰是最为人口密集的地区，占全国总人口的85%左右。

伦敦是英国的首都和最大城市，也是英国人口最多的地区，其次是伯明翰、曼彻斯特和利物浦等城市。

政治英国的政治体系是君主立宪制，国家首脑是女王伊丽莎白二世，而政府首脑为首相。

议会制度是英国政治的核心，议会由上议院和下议院组成，分别负责制定和审议法律。

英国政治稳定，是欧洲政治体系的典范之一。

经济英国是全球四大经济体之一，是世界十大经济体之一。

英国的经济体系是充满活力的市场经济，金融、科技和服务业发达，是全球金融中心之一，也是全球最具竞争力的经济体之一。

英国以金融、制造业和服务业而闻名，其中金融业在全球金融市场占有绝对地位，对全球经济发展起着重要的推动作用。

语言英语是英国的官方语言，也是世界上最为通用的语言之一。

英国的文化产业发达，文学、音乐、电影、电视等领域都有着深远的影响力，英国文化也是世界文化的重要组成部分。

教育英国的教育系统是全球著名的教育体系之一，英国有着悠久的教育传统和丰富的教育资源。

英国的大学教育享誉世界，牛津大学、剑桥大学等世界著名大学都是英国的骄傲。

英国的中小学教育也非常发达，学生们可以在这里接受系统完备的教育，塑造自己的未来。

现代英国概况知识点总结The United Kingdom (UK) is a sovereign country located off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe. It is made up of four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The UK has a diverse population, rich history, and a strong economy. In this snapshot, we will delve into various aspects of the modern UK, including its government, economy, society, and culture.Government and PoliticsThe United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy. The monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II, is the head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government. The UK Parliament is composed of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Members of Parliament (MPs) are elected to the House of Commons, and the Prime Minister is usually the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons. The House of Lords is made up of appointed members, including life peers, bishops, and hereditary peers.The UK is known for its stable political system and the rule of law. It has a tradition of respecting individual rights and liberties, which are protected by various laws and human rights conventions. The UK is also a member of international organizations, such as the United Nations, the European Union (although it has left the EU), and the Commonwealth of Nations.EconomyThe United Kingdom has one of the largest and most advanced economies in the world. It is a major financial center, with the City of London being a global hub for banking, insurance, and investment. The UK is also known for its strong service sector, including industries such as healthcare, education, and professional services.In addition to services, the UK has significant manufacturing and agricultural sectors. It is a leading producer of pharmaceuticals, aerospace technology, and automobiles. The UK's agricultural industry produces a variety of crops and livestock, and its food and drink products are popular both domestically and internationally.SocietyThe UK is a diverse and multicultural society, with people from various ethnic, religious, and cultural backgrounds. It is known for its tolerance and acceptance of different lifestyles and beliefs. The country has a universal healthcare system, the National Health Service (NHS), which provides free or low-cost medical care to all residents.Education is highly valued in the UK, and the country has a strong tradition of academic excellence. It is home to some of the world's most prestigious universities, such as Oxford,Cambridge, and Imperial College London. The UK also has a well-developed system of public and private schools, offering a wide range of educational opportunities to students. CultureThe United Kingdom has a rich cultural heritage, with a long history of literature, art, music, and theater. It has produced influential writers such as William Shakespeare, Charles Dickens, and J.K. Rowling, as well as renowned artists like John Constable and J.M.W. Turner. The UK is also known for its contributions to the fields of science, technology, and innovation, with figures such as Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, and Stephen Hawking. British music has had a significant impact on the global music scene, with bands and artists like The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, and Adele achieving international fame and acclaim. The UK is also home to some of the world's most famous music festivals, such as Glastonbury and the Proms.The UK has a strong sporting tradition, with football, cricket, rugby, and tennis being popular pastimes. The country has hosted major sporting events, including the Olympics and the FIFA World Cup. It also has a rich tradition of equestrian sports, with events such as the Grand National and the Royal Ascot attracting international attention.ConclusionIn conclusion, the United Kingdom is a vibrant, modern country with a diverse and dynamic society. It has a stable political system, a strong economy, and a rich cultural heritage. The UK continues to play a significant role on the global stage, and its influence is felt in areas such as politics, economics, and the arts. As it continues to evolve and adapt to the challenges of the 21st century, the United Kingdom remains a key player in the international community.。

英国概况中文知识点总结一、地理位置与自然环境英国位于欧洲西北部，东临北海，西临爱尔兰海，南隔英吉利海峡与法国相望，北靠苏格兰自治区的斯凯岛。

英国境内地形多样，包括山地、丘陵、平原和海岸线，自然环境丰富多样。

二、政治制度与行政区划英国政治体制为君主立宪制，国家元首是女王伊丽莎白二世。

英国实行议会政体，议会分为上议院和下议院，负责立法工作。

英国行政区划分为四个地区：英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰，每个地区都有一定的自治权力。

三、人口与民族英国是一个多元种族的国家，主要民族包括英格兰人、苏格兰人、威尔士人和北爱尔兰人。

此外，英国还有大量移民群体，包括印度裔、巴基斯坦裔、中国裔等，构成了多元化的社会结构。

四、经济发展与产业结构英国是世界上发达的国家之一，拥有发达的金融、制造和服务业。

伦敦作为英国的金融中心，在国际上具有重要地位。

英国的主要产业包括汽车制造、航空航天、电子技术、金融服务等。

五、教育与文化传统英国有着丰富的文化传统和艺术底蕴，包括文学、音乐、戏剧、电影等。

英国的大学教育享誉世界，拥有众多著名的大学和学术机构，培养了众多知名学者和科研专家。

六、社会福利与医疗保障英国实行全民医疗保障制度，所有居民都享有公共医疗保障，包括免费就诊、住院和急救等。

此外，英国还实行社会福利制度，对失业、养老、残疾等群体提供福利和援助。

七、旅游与名胜古迹英国是一个旅游胜地，拥有众多著名的名胜古迹，包括伦敦塔桥、大本钟、巨石阵、爱丁堡城堡、巴斯古城等。

此外，英国还有许多美丽的自然风光和乡村风情，吸引着大量游客前来观光旅游。

八、国际关系与外交政策英国是联合国安理会常任理事国之一，拥有重要的国际影响力。

英国是北约、欧盟、英联邦等国际组织的成员，积极参与国际合作与交流。

英国与美国、德国、法国等国家保持着良好的外交关系。

这些是英国的一些基本知识点，希望您能从中了解到更多关于英国的相关信息。

Understanding UK & Ireland Chapter 9 A General Survey of UKI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.___1. The official name of UK is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.___2. The longest river in Britain is River Thames.___3. On the island of Great Britain, there are four political divisions—England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland.___4. The United Kingdom consist of two main islands—Great Britain and Ireland.II. Multiple Choices5. The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of _____ crosses.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four6. Which flower is symbol of England?A. ThistleB. ShamrockC. DaffodilD. Rose7. About two thirds of ____is covered by the Highlands.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern IrelandIII. Match each of the following capitals with its island8. Scotland a) Belfast9. Wales b) Cardiff10.Northern Ireland c) EdinburghIV. Answer the Following Questions11. What are the four regions of Britain?12. What kind of geographical position does Britain have?13. Which places in Great Britain are mostly highland and lowland？14. Does Britain have a favorable climate?15. What are the factors which influence the climate in Britain? Which part of Britain has the most rainfall and which part is the driest? Chapter 10Geography & History of UKSection 1 GeographyI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided._____ 1. To the west of Great Britain is the second largest island known as Scotland._____ 2. London, the capital of the UK, is situated on the Severn River near its mouth. _____ 3. There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain. They are England，Scotland and Wales.II. Multiple Choices4. The British Isles are made up of______.A. two large islands and hundreds of small onesB. two large islands and Northern IrelandC. three large islands and hundreds of small onesD. three large islands and NorthernIreland5. The largest lake in Britain is ______.A. Loch LomondB. the Lough NeaghC. WindermereD. Ullswater6. Britai n’s climate is influenced by ______ that sweeps up from the equator and flows past the British Isles.A. the Gulf StreamB. the Brazil CurrentC. the Labrador CurrentD. the Falkland current7. The second largest city in England, _____ , is a metropolitan district and an industrial and manufacturing city.A. EdinburghB. BelfastC. GlasgowD. Birmingham8. _____ is England’s biggest naval base.A. PortsmouthB. SouthamptonC. PlymouthD. Dover9. Which is the largest city in Scotland?A. CardiffB. EdinburghC. GlasgowD. Manchester10. Britain has, for centuries, been slowly tilting with _____.A. the North-West slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinkingB. the North-East slowly rising and the South-West slowly sinkingC. the South-East slowly rising and the North-west slowly sinkingD. the South-West slowly rising and the North-East slowly sinkingSection 2 HistoryI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided._____1. It was the Angles who gave their name to England and the English people._____2. The Anglo-Saxon Conquest was important in English history because it laid the foundation on which the English nationwas to be formed._____3. The Great Charter was signed in 1215 by King John._____4. Henry VII was responsible for the founding of the Church of England._____5. Britain was the first country to start the Industrial Revolution which contributed to the establishment of the British Empire.II. Multiple Choices6. Celts were different groups of ancient people who came originally from___ .A. FranceB. DenmarkC. IrelandD. Germany7. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC____?A. Emperor ClaudiusB. Julius CaesarC. King AlfredD. King Ethelred8. The Chartist Movement was officiallylaunched at a great meeting in Birmingham in__ , with the aim of pressing the Parliament to accept the People’s Charter.A. 1836B. 1838C. 1840D. 18429. The Romans led by Julius Caesar launched their first invasion on Britain in ____.A. 200B.C.B. 55 B.C.C. 55 A.D.D. 410 A.D10. When did the Hundred Years’ War start?A. 1733B. 1453C. 1337D. 1357Chapter ExercisesI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F”for false in the space provided.___1.The official name of UK is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.___2.The longest river in Britain is River Thames.___3.On the island of Great Britain, there are four political divisions—England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland___4.The UK lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe.___5.British recorded history begins with the Norman invasion.II. Multiple Choices6. The highest mountain peak in Britain is called ____.A. Ben NevisB. Cross FellC. SnowdonD. Scafell7. The Lake District is famous for ___.A. its wild and beautiful sceneryB. its varied lakesC. the Lake PoetsD. all of the above8. The first known settlers of Britain were_______.A. the JutesB. the CeltsC. the SaxonsD. the Iberians9. .The objective of the Chartist Movement was democratic rights for all men, and it took its name from____.A. the Bill of RightsB. the Agreement of the PeopleC. the People’s CharterD. the Great Charter10. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC____.A. Emperor ClaudiusB. Julius CaesarC. King AlfredD. King EthelredIII. Gap-filling11. The total area of Britain is about____ square kilometers.12. Britain is separated from the European continent by ______ and_____________. 13. The capital of the Scotland is (1)________, the capital of Wales is___ and thecapital of Northern Ireland is (2) ________. 14.________ is the largest and most populous of the three political divisions on the island of Great Britain.15. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ________ modified and improved the design in 1765. IV. Terms Explanation16. The Hundred Years' War17. The Lowland Zone18. Norman Conquest of 106619. Industrial Revolution20. The Chartist MovementChapter 11Political System & National Economy of UK Section 1 Political SystemI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.______1. The United Kingdom is a federal, not a unitary state.______2. Members of Parliament (MPs) arethose who inherit the noble titles.______3. In Britain, changes of government do not involve changes in departmental staff, who continue to carry out their duties whichever party is in power.______4. The Labor Party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them.______5. Prime Minister is the leader of the British government.II. Multiple Choices6. The House of Commons consists of______ Members of Parliament.A 651B. 1,200C. 1,198D. 7637. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in the ______.A the House of LordsB. the House of CommonsC. the Privy CouncilD. the Shadow Cabinet8. In Britain the succession order of the Crown can be altered only by common consent of _____.A. all members of the royal familyB. the House of Lords and the House of CommonsC. cabinet and ministryD. the countries of the Commonwealth9. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The _____ has very little power.A. queenB. monarchC. prime ministerD. kingIII. Match the following items10.1) England has existed as aunified entity since the________ century.a) King John2) The most important part ofthe English constitution is theMagna Charta, or GreatCharter, sealed by _______in 1215.b)the ConservativeParty3) In 1994 the Labor Partyelected Tony Blair, a younglawyer, as its leader.c) James IId) the Labor Partye)10thf) 11thSection 2 National EconomyI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided._____ 1. Mrs. Thatcher's government took numerous measures to improve the efficiency of the economy during the past decade, using both macroeconomic and microeconomic policies._____ 2. Today, in Britain, iron and steel is called a “sick” industry._____ 3. There are steady development in the 50s and 60s, economic recession in the 70s and economic recovery in the 80s.II. Multiple Choices4. Traditional British farming involved__, which dated back to the 5th century.A. the open field systemB. the system of crop rotationC. the use of artificial fertilizerD. the use of new agricultural machinery5. In the 1970s, oil was discovered in___, but the revenue from oil did not create an economic miracle for Britain.A. the English ChannelB. the Irish SeaC. the St. George SeaD. the North Sea6. Local authorities in Great Britain raise revenue through___.A. the income taxB. the council taxC. the capital receiptsD. personal contribution7. The economic policy Britain pursued in the 1950，and 1960s was based on the theory of_______.A. Adam SmithB. John M. KeynesC. Margaret ThatcherD. Karl Marx8. Under Margaret Thatcher’s administration, Britain experienced _________.A. economic recessionB. economic expansionC. economic declineD. economic depression9. In Britain only about ____ of the population are farmers but they manage 70% of the land area.A. 2%B. 3%C. 4%D. 5%III. Match the following items10.1) The two important crops inBritain are ____.a) wheat andrice2) ____is now often referred to as the “Silicon Glen”.b) wheat andbarley3) In the early 2000s Britain’s levels of inflation and unemployment remained among the lowest in the European Union. ｃ）the areabetweenLondon andSouth Walesｄ）the areabetweenGlasgow andEdinburgh inScotlande) lowestf) highestChapter ExercisesI. Gap-filling1. The British were the ______ in the world to enter the Industrial Revolution.2. The main textile producing regions of Britain are _____,____,____,and_____.3. An industrial complex in suburban Glasgow du bbed _______is the center of Scotland’s thriving technology industry.4. Historically, the financial services industry has been based in the City of______ in an area called the Square Mile.5. The Bank of England, chartered in 1694, was ______in 1946 and is the only bank that issues banknotes in England and Wales.6. The predecessor of the English parliament is________.7. There are _______ political divisions on the island of Great Britain.8. In the UK, the party which wins the second largest number of seats in the House becomes _______, with is one leader, and forms a________.9.____________were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.10. In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the ___________ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.III. Terms Explanation1. Constitutional monarchy2. Primogeniture3. First past the post4. The Conservative Party and the Labor Party5. High Street BanksIV．Answer the Following Questions16. What is a general election?17. What is the supreme legislative authority in Britain? What does it consists of?18. What are the three areas in Britain which have seen some high-tech industrial growth?19. What is the British government’s role in the economy?20. How did the structure of British industry change in the last half of the 20th century?Chapter 12 Society & Culture of UK Section 1British people & their Ways of LifeI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided._____1. It is customary to leave a 10% tip when eating in restaurants for good service (but not in fast food restaurants such as McDonalds.)_____2. Britain is home of the world's largest foreign exchange market and the world's richest football club—Manchester United._____3. The once typical British family headed by two parents has undergone substantial changes during the nineteenth century._____4. Marriage is legal at age 18 in Britain. II. Multiple Choices5. What is the most popular type of home in England?A．semi-detachedB．detachedC．flatD．terraced6. Which of the following is not included in the most common and typical foods eaten in Britain?A. sandwichB. fishC. chipsD. Pisa7. When does the world's most famous tennis tournament Wimbledon begin?A. on the nearest Friday to June 22B. on the nearest Monday to June 22C. on the nearest Tuesday to June 22D. on the nearest Saturday to June 22III. Match the following items8. When you are invited todinner, ten minutes _____ isexcellent.a) Football9.________is undoubtedly themost popular sport inEngland.b) Horseracing10. In England, People usually______ when first introduced.c) lated) shake handse) kiss each otherlightly on onecheekSection 2 Holidays and Special DaysI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided._____1. Banks are not allowed to operate on bank holidays._____2. Each part of the United Kingdom has the same Saint's Day._____3. There are currently 8 permanent bank and public holidays in England, Wales and Scotland, and 10 in Northern Ireland. II. Multiple Choices4. In England, Wales & Ireland, both Christmas Day and _____Good Friday were traditional 'days of rest'.A. New Year's DayB. Easter MondayC. Good FridayD. May Day5. England's National Day is ____.A. St George's Day, 1 MarchB. St George's Day, 23 AprilC. New Year's Day. 1 JanD. Christmas, 25 Dec6. In England, Wales, parts of Canada, and in some other countries of the Commonwealth of Nations, ____ is a popular term applied to December 26, the day following Christmas Day.A. EasterB. LentC. Boxing DayD. Remembrance DayIII. Match each of the following parts with itsSaint’s Day.7. England a) St. David8. Scotland b) St Patrick9. Wales c) St. George10.Northern Ireland d) St. AndrewSection 3 EducationI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided._____1. Education in Britain is compulsory for children aged from 5 to 16._____2. Like all British universities, Buckingham University is also partially funded by central government grants._____3.Public schools are mainly financed by fees paid by parents._____4. Boarding private schools, such as Eton College, Harrow School are open to all in Britain and a large percentage of population can attend the schools.II. Multiple Choices5. Which one is not considered as the mostfamous boarding private schools in Britain?A. Eton CollegeB. Harrow SchoolC. Woodland Junior SchoolD. Rugby School6. Normally, it will take _______ years to get an undergraduate degreeA. 3B. 4C. 5D. 27. Which of the following statements is not true about the comprehensive schools? A. They are only taken students with good academic abilities.B. They provide a large range of secondary education.C. they are founded in 1960s and 1970s.D. Most grammar schools were replaced by comprehensive schools.III. Match the following items8. Oxbridge a)Universities dedicated tothe sciences and appliedtechnology9. public schools b)Ivy League10. polytechnics d) state schoolse)private schools that chargeattendance feesf) Oxford and CambridgeSection 4 British LiteratureI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided._____1. Spencer is regarded as the father of modern English poetry._____2. One of Milton’s major poetic works is Paradise Lost._____3. The majority of traditional English poems were written in iambic pentameter._____4.The Victorian Age is most famous for its essays.II. Multiple Choices5. What is the essence of the Renaissance? A．Poetry B．DramaC．Humanism D．Reason6. “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind!”is an epigrammatic line by _____.A. J. KeatsB. W. BlakeC. W. WordsworthD. P. B. Shelley7. Among the following poets, _____ doesn’tbelong to the Victorian Poets.A. T. S. EliotB. Alfred TennysonC. Robert BrowningD. Matthew ArnoldIII. Match the following writers with their works 8.1) Virginia Woolf a) The Canterbury Tales2) Geoffrey Chaucer b) Mrs Dalloway3) Charles Dickens c) Othellod) David Copperfielde) I Wandered Lonely as aCloudIV. Gap-filling8._____________ is the most popular literary form in the medieval period.9. The Romantic Movement appeared on the literary arena of England from the publication of _____________ by Wordsworth and_____________ in 1798 to the death of_____________ in 1832. The literary form which is the most flourishing during the Romantic Period is _________.10. Samuel Richardson was the master ofwriting _____________ novels and the first novelist of ____________ tradition. His novels have a ___________, trying to inculcate virtue and good deportment._________ was his best novel.11. W. M. Thackeray was another representative of _________ in 19th England. In 1847 he published his masterpiece_________________ with a subtitle“________________________”.12. ____________________________ are considered as Shakespeare's four greatest tragedies.V. Terms Explanation1. Spenserian stanza2. Stream of Consciousness。

英国国家基本知识英国的机动车都是靠左行使，和我国相反，因此无论是驾车还是行走都应注意。

英国的时间“GMT”中文叫“格林威治时间”，它是英国的标准时间也是世界各地的参考标准。

英国比北京时间晚8小时。

但在英国夏时制，是从三月底到十月底，英国和我国的时差为7小时。

穿花格裙的苏格兰男人男人穿裙子在世界不多见，苏格兰男人就是其中一例。

头戴小黑呢帽，身着花格裙及短袜，手上拿着管风笛，这是苏格兰男人引以为傲的打扮。

苏格兰人爱穿花格裙，是因为不同图案的花格布代表着不同的氏族，每一个氏族都为自己设计一种代表氏族精神及血缘关系的花格布裙。

当氏族人穿上自己氏族的花格布，，也同时穿出了他们族人的骄傲、责任与忠诚。

民俗礼仪英国人给人的印象是及保守又富有幽默感。

英国人倾向于接受熟悉的事物，对于新奇或者外来的东西总是持怀疑的态度。

英国人比较谦虚，自夸是没有教养的表现。

英国人非常看重一个人的幽默感。

英国式幽默的出发点自我贬低，以自负为大敌，其最终目的是能够自嘲，嘲笑自己的缺点、失败、窘境乃至自己的理想。

他们不相信华丽的词藻和自夸之词。

英国人热爱体育，现代形式的体育运动几乎全是英国人的发明，如拳击、橄榄球、曲棍球和网球等。

塔桥饮食英国菜比较简单，制作方式只有两种：放入烤箱烤，或者放入锅里煮。

做菜是什么调味品都不放，吃的时候在以个人爱好放些盐、胡椒或芥末、辣酱油之类。

英国的特色菜有烤牛排，炸鱼，炸马铃薯礼节在英国女士优先是人人皆知的行为准则。

进房间后进餐馆大多是女子在前，男的要替女士开门。

在街上行走或过马路时，男子要走在女士身旁靠来车方向的一侧。

宴会上，女士进客厅时，厅中的男子要站起来以示敬意，女士则不必其身为礼。

作介绍时，通常把男士介绍给女士，年轻的介绍给年长的。

在客厅里就座的宴会，男士们应为女士们拉开椅子，帮女士入座。

被邀请到英国人家做客，如果是社交聚会，早到是不礼貌的，因为女主人正在做准备，还没完全准备好客人就到了，会使他感到非常尴尬。

The UKUnit 11.The official name：The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Since 1927)national flag：The Union Flag OR popularly known as the Union Jacknational anthem（国歌）：GOD SAVE THE QUEENnational capital of the country ：London：Greater London大伦敦都市区: the City of London + 32 boroughs[ˈbʌrə]（自治的市镇）The City of London伦敦城: at the center of the metropolitan-the financial center of thecountryInner London: the City of London + its 12 boroughsOuter London: 20 boroughs [ˈbʌrə]（自治的市镇）surrounding Inner London2. The location and size of the country （了解）3. The terrain [təˈreɪn]（地形）, rivers and mountains of the countryRoughly two kinds of terrain---highland and lowland.The highland area --- in the northern part of the country, comprising the mountainousregions of Scotland, Northern Ireland, northern England and north Wales.The lowland area --- especially in the Midland, southern and eastern England.The longest river in the UK is River Severn（塞文河）.Among the most important rivers is the Thames（泰晤士河）, which is second longest but is the deepest river in the county.Ben Nevis（本·尼维斯）is the highest peak of the UK.（大不列颠境内的最高山峰，海拔1，343.8米，位于苏格兰西部的格兰扁山脉)Lough Neagh (396km2)(內伊湖): the largest lake in the whole country4. The natural resources of the countryCoal 煤●Britain has a rich deposit of coal with major coal mines in central and southwest of England.●For the last decades, there has been a steady decline in both coal production and number of coal mines.Petroleum [pəˈtrəuliəm] 石油●1965 saw discovery of big oil and oil fields under the North Sea, east of Britain.5. The climate of the countryTemperate maritime climate（温带海洋性气候）What are the characteristics of the climate in Great Britain?FoggyRainyUncertain and changeable6. Major citiesLondon ;Edinburgh [ˈednˌbɜ:rə] 爱丁堡;Cardiff [ˈkɑ:dɪf] 加地夫（威尔士的主要海港）;Belfast [ˈbelˌfæst] 贝尔法斯特（北爱尔兰首府）;Birmingham ['bɜ:mɪŋˌhæm] 伯明翰市（英国中部城市，第二大城市）Manchester: the Guardian（卫报）Glasgow：[ˈɡlɑ:sɡəu] 格拉斯哥（苏格兰最大城市，第三大城市）7. Population Density and Population Distribution⏹Population density: 248 persons per square kilometer.The Population of the UK is the 3rd largest in Europe.⏹Population distribution: high urbanization (7 conurbations)7 conurbations：Greater London大伦敦区, W. Midlands西密德兰都市郡, South Yorkshire 南约克都市郡, W. Yorkshire西约克郡都市郡, Greater Manchester大曼切斯特都市郡, Merseyside默西赛德都市郡(England), Tyne& Wear泰恩及威尔都市郡(Scotland) （了解）8. Nations and the Languages Spoken1) Nations: English, Scottish, Welsh and IrishEnglish (80%): descendants [dɪ'sendənts] 后裔of Anglo-SaxonsWelsh, Irish & Scottish:：descendants of Celts2）Languages：A) English (official language):B) Gaelic [ˈgælɪk] 盖尔语: Scotland & Northern IrelandC) Welsh [welʃ] 威尔士语: Wales [weɪlz]3) T he history and development of the English language(p.7)⏹Old English (450AD-1100 AD) influenced by Old Norse (古斯堪的纳维亚语) spoken by Vikings (北欧海盗) and was closely related to the German and Dutch (荷兰) languages. The introduction of Christianity added the first wave of Latin and Greek words to the language and ended with the Norman Conquest.⏹Middle English (1100AD-1500AD) French replaced English as the official language in England. Numerous French words came into the English vocabulary and ended with the Black Death (黑死病).⏹Modern English (1500AD- present) Assimilating(吸收) words from Latin and Greek words throughout the Renaissance (文艺复兴) such as William Shakespeare and the King James Bible.⏹Standard English= the Queen’s Englis h= BBC English⏹Explanation of Standard EnglishStandard English is based on the speech of the upper class of the southeastern England.It is preferred by the educated andit is widely used in media and taught at schools. Is has developed and has been promoted as a model for the correct British English. It is also the norm（标准）carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.9. Religion⏹ 1. Britain is a multi-faith society in which everyone has the right to religious freedom.⏹ 2. Christianity is the dominant religion of the country. Most of citizens are eitherProtestant ['prɒtɪstənt]新教徒or Catholic.⏹ 3. English nation: The church of England（英格兰圣公会）is the established church of theEnglish nation.⏹ 4. The major non-Christian communities in Britain are the Jews, the Moslems and theBuddhists.10. Character and manners of British people⏹Conservatism⏹Talking about the Weather⏹Punctuality11. Traditions and custom●Trooping the Color英国皇家军队阅兵仪式around the Bucking Place in London（P.62）to celebrate the Queen’s Birthday Parade. (The Changing Guard ceremony)●Religious FestivalsChristmas ( Three Christmas Traditions )①Christmas pantomime [ˈpæntəmaɪm] (童话剧)②Queen's Christmas message③Boxing Day（节礼日）Easter纪念耶稣复活Halloween12. MediaNewspaperTraditionally British newspapers have been divided into "quality", serious-minded newspapers (usually referred to as "broadsheets宽幅印刷品" because of their large size) and the more populist ['pɒpjəlɪst] 平民化, "tabloid" varieties.Quality Press: The Times（泰晤士报）, The Guardian（卫报）, The Daily Telegraph（每日电讯报）Tabloid [ˈtæblɔɪd] 通俗小报: The Sun on SundayTelevision and BroadcastBBC（the British Broadcasting Corporation）, ITV(Independent Television) 英国独立电视台, BSkyB（the British Sky Broadcasting Group PLC）英国天空广播集团TV programs done well by the BBC (P.60)Unit 4. British Economy1. The Relative Decline of British Economy (Why?)⏹1) The country suffered a great loss in the two World Wars.⏹2) The era[ˈɪərə]时代of the British Empire was over.⏹3) Britain was still forced to maintain a substantial and expensive military presence.⏹4) Britain failed to invest in industry after WWII.₤However, the decline is not an absolute one. The UK is not poorer than before. In fact, it iswealthier and more productive than before. The only thing is that other countries develop faster than the UK. So, the UK has experienced a relative decline.2. Recent History of British Economy⏹1970 - high Inflation rate, strikes⏹1979 - Reformation Program（改革方案）by Thatcher government→去国有化privatization [ˌpraɪvətaɪ'zeɪʃn]⏹What was the content of the program?Thatcherism [ˈθætʃə(r)zəm] 撒切尔主义：Throughout the 1980s an extensive program of privatization was carried out.---Denationalization [ˌdi:ˌnæʃnəlaɪ'zeɪʃn] 非国有化①Government expenditure [ɪkˈspendɪtʃə(r)] 花费was reduced；②Taxation reformed；③Foreign exchange controls lifted外汇管制解除④Rules governing banks loosened；⑤Worker strikes restricted.⏹What was the long-term results?①Inflation(通货膨胀) has been controlled②Unemployment rate falling③Encouraged by low interest rates, investment has increased. It is second only to the US as a destination for international direct investment. It is also itself a major source of international investment --- it is the second biggest international investor in the world.⏹Policies of Blair Government & Results （P.45）Policies: ①Blair made the Bank of England independent.②In social policy, the Blair government changed the old Labor Party’s practice of usingtax system, public expenditure[ɪkˈspendɪtʃə(r)] 花费and price controls to reduce inequality and put an emphasis on the minimum wage and supplementing low incomes. It also emphasized individual responsibility.Results:①limit government spending②keep inflation under control③reduce unemploymentBy the end of the 20th century, British economic growth surpassed that of other major European countries.3. The Current British Economy⏹1) Primary Industries⏹AgricultureA. Features: small population, high mechanization[ˌmekənaɪ'zeɪʃn]机械化and highefficiency; but can not satisfy its domestic needsB. Chief agricultural products：wheat（小麦）,barley [ˈbɑ:li]大麦,sugar beet(甜菜) and potatoes⏹Energy production (5% of national wealth).Main energy resources: coal (Rio Tinto Group力拓集团),oil (Shell 壳牌, British Petroleum and British Gas)⏹ 2) Secondary Industries:P .47⏹ 3) Tertiary Industries: 65% of national wealth1. (P .50)Foreign Trade ---- Lifeline. Britain is both an importer and exporter in the world.2. FinanceThe position of London in the world economyCentral Bank----Bank of EnglandThe Big Four: Lloyds 劳埃德, Barclays 巴克莱银行, Midland 米德兰，the National Westminster Bank Group 国民西敏寺银行3. Currency ：Pound Sterling [paund ˈst ə:li ŋ] 英镑Unit 3 Political System1. Political System : Constitutional Monarchy [ ˌk ɔnst ɪˈtu:ʃən əl ˈm ɔn əki ] 君主立宪制What does it mean by Constitutional Monarchy?⏹ The King or Queen reigns [re ɪn]君主统治and is the head of the country, but dose notrule the country. The country is governed, in the name the Sovereign [ ˈs ɒvr ɪn ] 君主, but by His or Her Majesty ’s [ ˈmæd ʒəsti ]陛下government---- a body of ministers who are responsible to Parliament [ ˈp ɑ:ləm ənt ]议会.2. Parliament议会（最高立法机关）、立法 政府、行政部门 司法机关 [ d ʒuˈd ɪʃəri ]上议院 下议院 君主Parliament:⏹The UK is a unitary [ ˈju:nətri ]中央集权country.⏹The British Parliament is often referred to assupreme legislative authority（最高立法机关）of the UK.⏹The Main functions are making laws and supervising（监督）government and finance.⏹The life of Parliament is fixed at five years.Sovereign: Theoretically[ ˌθɪə'retɪklɪ ]理论上, the Queen has all the power. In reality, she does everything on the advice of the Prime Minister.The significance of the Queen? P.32It represents the continuity and adaptability of the whole political system and is a symbol of British unity, an indissoluble [ ˌɪndɪˈsɒljəbl ] (牢不可破的) bond among people who retain many regional and cultural difference.( 它代表了整个政治体系的连续性和适应性，是英国团结的象征，人们保留了许多地区和文化差异的不解之缘。

九年级上册英国知识点英国，位于欧洲西北部，是一个拥有悠久历史和丰富文化的国家。

作为一个英语国家，英国的知识点是九年级学生学习英语时必备的内容。

本文将介绍九年级上册英国知识点，包括英国的地理位置、历史、文化和名胜等方面。

一、地理位置英国位于欧洲大陆西北部，濒临大西洋。

它由四个国家组成：英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。

首都是伦敦，也是英国最大的城市。

二、历史英国的历史可以追溯到几千年前的古代不列颠时期。

随后，罗马人入侵，建立了不列颠罗马省。

中世纪时期，英国出现了盎格鲁-撒克逊王国和诺曼底公国的统治。

在16世纪，英国成为大航海时代的重要势力，建立了庞大的殖民帝国。

19世纪时，英国开始工业化，并成为世界上第一个工业化国家。

三、文化1. 语言：英国的官方语言是英语，是全球通用的一种语言。

英国英语和美国英语有一些差异，如词汇和发音。

2. 文学：英国是世界文学的重要发源地之一，诸如莎士比亚、狄更斯等著名作家的作品对世界文学产生了巨大影响。

3. 音乐：英国有着丰富多样的音乐文化，从贝多芬到披头士乐队，英国的音乐才华熠熠生辉。

4. 传统节日：英国有许多独特的传统节日，如圣诞节、复活节和万圣节等。

这些节日都有其自己的庆祝方式和习俗。

四、名胜和地标1. 伦敦塔桥：伦敦的地标之一，位于泰晤士河上，是一座具有悠久历史和壮丽结构的桥梁。

2. 大本钟：位于伦敦的大本钟是英国的标志之一，也是世界上最著名的钟楼之一。

3. 巴斯古罗马浴场：位于英格兰巴斯市，是古罗马时期的浴场遗址，被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。

4. 斯通亨日：位于英国威尔士的斯诺登尼亚国家公园，是英国最高峰之一，吸引大批登山爱好者。

五、其他1. 茶文化：英国人喜爱喝茶，将下午茶作为一种传统习俗。

2. 足球：足球是英国最受欢迎的体育运动之一，英超联赛是世界上最具影响力的足球联赛之一。

3. 皇室：英国王室是世界上最有名的王室之一，女王伊丽莎白二世是英国最长寿的君主。

英国相关知识英国啊，那可是个超有趣的地方。

你要是去英国的大街上走一走，那建筑就像是从历史书里走出来的一样。

那些古老的城堡，石头墙都透着一种神秘的气息。

就像爱丁堡城堡，高高地矗立在那儿，感觉像个威严的老爷爷，见证了无数的故事。

走进城堡里面，那阴森森的小道，冷不丁就会让人起一身鸡皮疙瘩，可又特别吸引人，老想往里面再走走，看看是不是能发现点啥宝藏之类的。

英国的天气也是一绝。

那可真是像小姑娘的心情一样变幻无常。

早上出门的时候可能还是阳光明媚的，你就想着今天可以美美地穿个小裙子出去浪了。

结果呢，没走多远，那乌云就像千军万马一样压过来了，紧接着就是噼里啪啦的雨点。

等你手忙脚乱地找地方躲雨的时候，嘿，说不定雨又突然停了，太阳又冒出来了，你说逗不逗。

说到英国的吃的，那可有的聊了。

炸鱼薯条可是大名鼎鼎的。

刚炸出来的鱼外酥里嫩，薯条也是粗粗的，咬一口嘎吱嘎吱响。

不过呢，吃多了可能会觉得有点腻。

还有英式下午茶，那可真是精致得不得了。

小点心做得就像艺术品一样，一口茶配一口点心，感觉自己都变得优雅起来了。

不过可别被那些精美的摆盘骗了，有些点心甜得能把你牙都给甜掉咯。

英国的人也特别有特点。

他们特别注重礼貌，开口闭口都是“please”“thank you”“sorry”。

有时候感觉他们客气得有点过头了。

不过这种礼貌也让人觉得很舒服。

而且英国人对足球那是相当狂热啊。

到了比赛日，整个城市就像疯了一样。

球迷们穿着自己支持球队的队服，在酒吧里大喊大叫，为自己的球队欢呼加油，那个氛围，你要是不被感染都难。

英国的文化也是丰富多彩的。

戏剧在那儿可火了，像莎士比亚的戏剧，到现在还在舞台上不断地上演呢。

那些演员穿着华丽的戏服，说着富有诗意的台词，就像把你带到了几百年前的英国。

还有英国的音乐，从披头士到现在的各种流行乐队，音乐就像流淌在英国人血液里的东西，不管男女老少，都能跟着音乐摇摆起来。

总之呢，英国就是这么一个充满魅力的地方，有古老的历史，多变的天气，独特的美食，有趣的人和丰富多彩的文化。

英国留学英国的基本常识1、英国?英格兰?不列颠?大不列颠?英伦三岛?联合王国?艾玛亲你到底叫啥!在中文里混用英国和英格兰的人不多，但是在国内的英文书写里，大把人根本不分UK和England，在翻译“英国”两个字的时候很多人用的是England?有人怒斥我说，那世界杯的时候，英国队不就是叫英格兰队嘛!其实，英国和英格兰还真的差很远。

首先，“英国”这个汉语翻译确实是从ENGLAND来的，但现在“英国”并不代表英格兰，英国的全名，相信很多人都知道，是“大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国“，并没有体现半点”英“的意思。

国际上，通常用UK,及”联合王国“来表示”英国“，而不可能用”ENGLAND“来表示英国。

英格兰从法理上来说是英国的一级行政区划，也就是说，英格兰对于英国，和加州对于美国，浙江对于中国是一样的。

英国本土包含四个主要地区，即英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士和北爱尔兰，英格兰就是英国的一个“构成国(constituent country)”，但并不拥有国家的地位，其地位与苏格兰，威尔士，北爱尔兰平级。

但由于历史上，英格兰一直是英国的主体部分，且英格兰在人口、经济产值和面积上都位居英国之冠，因而习惯上也有人把英格兰指代英国。

但近年来，随着威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰的分裂势力抬头，把英格兰指代英国已经普遍不被接受。

PS,英格兰的GDP占英国的90%以上，是全球经济实力最强大的一级行政区划。

既然已经扯远了，那就不妨再扯远一点。

(1)英格兰和苏格兰英国的历史我们可以从诺曼征服开始，1066年法国北部的诺曼公爵威廉一世战胜了盎格鲁-萨克逊王室，在西敏寺加冕为英格兰国王。

可以说，从诺曼征服开始，英格兰王国正式成立，并且其王室一脉相承，从诺曼王朝，历经金雀花王朝、兰开斯特、约克、都铎、斯图亚特、汉诺威等至今的温莎王朝，都是有血缘关系的王室。

而1066年威廉一世政府英格兰时，苏格兰、威尔士和爱尔兰都处于独立状态(虽然当时的威尔士并没有统一)，互不隶属。

英国知多少一、英国概况英国是近代工业革命的发源地，全称“大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国”，全国面积共24.4万平方公里，人口将近六千万，平均每平方公里240人。

这使不列颠岛成为世界上人口最密集的国家之一。

全境由靠近欧洲大陆西北部海岸的不列颠群岛的大部分岛所组成，是一个岛国。

东面的大不列颠岛是群岛中最大的岛屿，也是英国最主要的国土。

它由北部的苏格兰，南部及中部的英格兰和西南部的威尔士三个地区组成。

二、天气英国全岛属于海洋性温带阔叶林气候，湿润、温和，季节间的温度变化很小，雨天较多。

全年分两季：自4-9月是春夏季，晴朗、暖和，从10月到翌年３月是秋冬季，潮湿、阴寒而昏暗。

最冷的１月份的平均气温，北部为3.5－4.3度，南部为5度；最热的7月份的平均温度，北部为14度，南部为16度。

英国的天气变化十分频繁。

刚才还是艳阳高照，瞬间就会变成大雨倾盆。

因此在衣着方面，我们建议你身边常备保暖的衣物和雨具，同时衣服应穿成多层，方便随时脱、穿，适应气温的变化。

三、格林威治时间GMT：是(Greenwich Mean Time)的缩写，中文叫“格林威治标准时间”，它既是英国的标准时间，也是世界各地时间的参考标准。

中英两国的标准时差为8小时，即英国的当地时间比中国的北京时间晚8小时。

BST：是(British Summer Time)的缩写，即“英国夏时制”，比GMT快一小时，每年从三月底开始，到十月底结束。

夏时制期间，中英两国的时差为7小时。

四、英国的节日与假期五、在英国打工如果您的课程为期6个月以上，英国的法律允许您在此期间利用假期全职工作（每周最多工作40小时），或在学期中间兼职工作（16-17岁学生每周最多工作10小时，其他学生每周最多工作20小时）而无需申请工作许可。

如果您的配偶的签证期为12个月以上，他（她）也可以在英国工作（适用于学士学位或以上国际学生）。

如果找到工作，您需要向当地的Contribution Agency申请National Insurance Number，这个号码主要用于统计您的收入总额，作为纳税的依据。