2.A Generic View of Process

单词填空1、A digital computer is generally made up of five distinct elements: a central processing unit, input devices, memory storage devices, output devices, and a bus.2、The two most common types of scanners are flatbed scanners and hand-held scanners.3、We can classify programming languages under two types: low-level languages and high-level languages.4、There are three types of application programs to translate source code into object code. They are compilers, interpreters, and assemblers.5、The three generic process models discussed in the text are often complementary rather than mutually exclusive especially for large systems development.6、According to the text, a DBMS is a combination of five components: hardware, software, data, users, and procedures.7、According to the geographical area covered, a computer network is often classified as either a LAN, an MAN, or a WAN.2 完形填空A program is a sequence of instructions that tells the hardware of a computer what operations to perform on data. Programs can be built into the hardware itself,or they may exist independently in a form known as software. In some specialized, or “dedicated”, computers the operating instructions are embedded in their circuitry; common examples are the microcomputers found in calculators, wristwatches, car engines, and microwave ovens.A general-purpose computer, on the other hand, although it contains some built-in programs (in ROM) or instructions (in the processor chip), depends on external programs to perform useful tasks. Once a computer has been programmed, it can do only as much or as little as the software controlling it at any given moment enables it to do. Software in widespread use includes a wide range of applications programs----instructions to the computer on how to perform various tasks.One continuing trend in computer development is microminiaturization, the effort to compress more circuit elements into smaller and smaller chip space. Researchers are also trying to speed up circuitry functions through the use of superconductivity, the phenomenon of decreased electrical resistance observed in certain materials at very low temperatures.3 翻译人工智能 artificial intelligence 计算机体系结构 computer architecture单独 individual软件开发生命周期 software development life cycle。

1) A web service is a standard approach to making a reusable component available and accessible across the web2)activity-location matrix:Rows are system activities from event table、Columns are physical locations3)Alpha version – incomplete testing version4)Ambiguous requirements interpreted in different ways by developers and users.5)Ambiguous requirements interpreted in different ways by developers and users.6)Beta version – end-user testing version7)CASE’s fullname is Computer-Aided Software Engineering.8)Client/Server Architecture Advantage – deployment flexibility9)Client/Server Architecture Disadvantage – complexity10)Client/server divides programs into two types:Server、Client.11)Cohesion – qualitative measure of consistency of functions within a single class12)Controls are needed for all other design activities:User interface、System interface、Application architecture、Database and Network design.13)CORBA is an international standard for an Object Request Broker - middleware to manage communications between distributed objects.14)Coupling – qualitative measure of how closely classes in a design class diagram are linked15)CRUD – create, read, update, and delete16)Data dictionary is repository for definitions of data flows, data stores, and data elements17)Data flow diagrams (DFDs) are decomposed into additional diagrams to provide multiple levels of detail18)Deployment environment definition bridges analysis and design:Hardware、System software、Networking19)Design class diagram specifically defines software classes20)Design is process of describing, organizing, and structuring system components at architectural design level and detailed design level21)Design process activities include Architectural design、Abstract specification、Interface design、Component design、Data structure design、Algorithm design 22)Domain model class diagram shows conceptual classes in users’ work environment23)Early increments act as a prototype to help elicit requirements for later increments.24)Engineers should be aware of local laws governing the use of intellectual property such as patents, copyright, etc.25)Examples of process perspectives are Workflow perspective、Data-flow perspective and Role/action perspective26)First-cut design class diagram is based on domain model and system design principles27)Functional user requirements may be high-level statements of what the system should do but functional system requirements should describe the system services in detail.28)Generic activities in all software processes are Specification、Development、Validation and Evolution29)Generic process models are Waterfall、Iterative development andComponent-based software engineering30)Important part of testing is specifying test cases and test data31)In principle, requirements should be both complete and consistent.32)In principle, requirements should be both complete and consistent.33)Integration Testing tests the behavior of a group of modules or methods34)Internet – global collection of networks that use TCP/IP networking protocols35)Layered application architecture:Presentation layer、Application processing layer、Data management layer36)Non-functional classifications are Product requirements、Organisational requirements and External requirements.37)Object contains program logic and necessary attributes in a single unit38)Object-oriented design is process by which detailed object-oriented models are built39)Objects send each other messages and collaborate to support functions of main program40)Programmers carry out some program testing to discover faults in the program and remove these faults in the debugging process.41)Requirements engineering process include Feasibility study、Requirements elicitation and analysis、Requirements specification、Requirements validation42)Sequence diagrams show the sequence of events that take place during some user interaction with a system.43)Software engineers must behave in an honest and ethically responsible way if they are to be respected as professionals.44)Some Fundamental Design Principles：Encapsulation、Object reuse、Information hiding、Protection from variations、Indirection45)Sometimes DFD fragments need to be diagrammed in more detail46)Spiral model sectors include Objective setting、Risk assessment and reduction、Development and validation、Planning。

生产线英文Production LineIntroduction:A production line is a series of sequential and interrelated processes for producing a product or a service. It is often used in manufacturing industries to transform raw materials into finished products. The production line varies according to the requirements of the product and the industry. It is an efficient way of producing large quantities of goods with minimal human involvement.Components of Production Line:A typical production line consists of different components which work together for producing a product. Here are some components of a production line:1. Raw Materials: Raw materials are the primary components required for producing a product. It can be in the form of solids, liquids, or gases. Raw materials are usually procured from suppliers and transported to the production line for further processing.2. Equipment and Machinery: Equipment and machinery are the backbone of the production line. They are used for processing the raw materials and transforming them into finished products. Machinery may include conveyor belts, assembly stations, automated systems, packaging machines, and more.3. Labor: Labor is essential for the smooth functioning of a production line. Skilled workers are required for operating the machinery, performing quality checks, and assembling the products.4. Quality Control: Quality control is an essential aspect of the production line. It ensures that the product meets the desired quality standards. Quality control may include visual inspections, product testing, and certifications.5. Maintenance and Repair: Maintenance and repair are crucial for ensuring the longevity of the machinery and equipment. Regular maintenance and repair can help minimize downtime and reduce production costs.Production Line Process:The production process varies depending on the product and the industry. Here is a generic production line process:1. Raw Material Acquisition: Raw materials are procured from suppliers and transported to the production line.2. Processing: The raw materials are processed to transform them into finished products. This may involve cutting, molding, pressing, mixing, assembling, and more.3. Quality Control: Products are inspected and tested to ensure that they meet the desired quality standards.4. Packaging: Finished products are packaged and labeled before being shipped to the customers.5. Shipping: Finished products are transported to the customers through logistics and shipping channels.Advantages of Production Line:A production line has several advantages, including:1. Increased Efficiency: A production line can produce a large volume of goods with minimal human involvement, which increases the efficiency of the production process.2. Consistency: The use of standardized procedures and equipment ensures consistent quality and output.3. Lower Production Costs: Mass production leads to lower production costs due to economies of scale.4. Scalability: Production lines can be scaled up or down depending on the demand for the product.5. Enhanced Safety: Automated systems can help reduce the risk of injuries and accidents, improving safety in the workplace.Disadvantages of Production Line:A production line also has some disadvantages, including:1. Limited Flexibility: The production line may be limited in terms of the variety of products that can be produced.2. High Initial Investment: The installation and maintenance of machinery and equipment require a significant initial investment.3. Dependence on Machinery: Production lines are highly dependent on machinery and automation. Any malfunction can result in significant downtime and production loss.4. Repetitive Work: Performing the same task repeatedly can be monotonous and lead to low employee morale.Conclusion:A production line is a vital component of the manufacturing industry for producing large quantities of goods efficiently. It requires careful planning, coordination, and management to ensure smooth functioning. A well-designed and operated production line can provide several benefits for businesses like increased efficiency, consistent quality, and lower production costs. However, it is essential to balance the advantages and disadvantages while implementing a production line.。

评阅教师得分“软件工程导论”课程半期考试题一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分)提示：在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在下表中。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1. Which design model elements are used to depict a model of informationrepresented from the user’s view？a. Architectural design elementsb. Component—level design elementsc. Data design elementsd. Interface design elementsAnswer：c (Section 8。

4.1)2. Which of the following are not areas of concern（考虑）in the design model?a. architectureb. datac. interfacesd. project scopeAnswer: d (Section 8.1)3. The importance of software design can be summarized in a single worda. accuracyb. complexityc. efficiencyd. qualityAnswer: d (Section 8。

1）4. Which of the following is not a characteristic common to all design methods？a. configuration managementb. functional component representationc. quality assessment guidelinesd. refinement heuristicsAnswer: a （Section 8.2.2）5. What types of abstraction are not used in software design？a. controlb. datac. environmentald. proceduralAnswer：c (Section 8。