2016-2017学年牛津沪教版八年级英语上册Unit4同步学案及测试题--知识点梳理

Unit 4 Inventions一．必背词汇及短语(3) 重点句子：1. After its invention, travelling became faster and more comfortable.在它发明之后，旅游就变得更快更舒服了。

2. In the early 19th century, the first trains began to carry passengers.在19世纪早期，第一批火车开始载乘客。

3. At the start of the 20th century, cars became popular.在20世纪初，小汽车变得流行起来。

4. Since then, people have been able to speak each other over long distances. 自从那时起，人们就能和很遥远的人彼此通话。

5. They allow people to keep in touch with each other anytime, anywhere. 他们允许任命随时随地保持联系。

6. With light bulb, people can do as many things in the evening as they can in the daytime. 用灯泡，人们可以在晚上做与白天一样多的事。

一．必背词汇及短语单词1. 广告______2. funny adj.______→n.3. create v.__________=→n______4. 电话______5. wheeln. ______6. 舒适的adj.______→ad v.______→n.7. carriage n.______ 8. century n.______9. passenger n. ______=10. invent v. →n.(发明家) →n.（发明物）11. practical adj. 12. since prep.13. distance n.→ad j.→ad v.14. mobile phone n.15. anytime adv.16. develop v. →n.developed/developing/17. lamp n. = 18. candle n.19. daytime n. 20. dust n.21. special adj.→ad v. 22. wing n.23. introduction n. →v.24. petrol n.短语1. since then2. instead of3. keep in touch with4. in the daytime5. keep…off6. at the same time7. throw away8. turn into9. make a mess10. lead to11. begin to do sth 12. allow sb to do sth13. imagine doing sth 14.make sb do sth15. feel+adj 16. 电灯泡17. 过好的生活18. 在19世纪知识点讲解1.Alexander Graham Bell invented one of the first practical telephones in 1786发明；创造invent&discover辨析invent 意为“发明”，发明之物是“从无到有”，如：Modern football was invented by British.discover 意为“发现”，发现“本来就已经存在，但不为人知”的事物，如： Columbus discovered America in 14922.Since then, people have been able tospeak to each other over long distance..be able to 表示“能”、“会”时，与can可互换，意义差别不大。

be able to与 can 区别1）can could 表示能力；可能 (过去时用could),只用于现在式和过去式(could)。

be able to可以用于各种时态。

can 除可以表示“能”、“会”外，还可以表示“许可”、“允许”或可能性，而 be able to 则不可They will be able to tell you the news soon.2）只用be able to a. 位于助动词后。

b. 情态动词后。

can 与 be able to 不能重叠使用Over/through / across通过，穿过over是介词，用作“穿过、通过”时，表示到达高的障碍物（如树、墙、篱笆和山脉等）的另一侧across表示横过,即从物体表面通过，与on有关，为二维through穿过,即从物体内部穿过，与in有关，为三维。

1. speak 强调单方的“说”或“讲”并且强调的是说的动作，一般用作不及物动词，要表示“对某人说(某事)”，可用speak to / with sb (about sth)。

speak+ 语言。

如：Speak English in my class，please.I spoke to / with the chairman about my idea.2. talk 意为“讲、谈论，谈话”是不及物动词，，表示“同某人谈论(某事)”，可用talk to / with sb (about sth)。

如：He was talking to / with a friend.3. say 强调说话内容，一般用作及物动词。

表示“对某人说”，可用say to sb。

It is said that... 意为“据说”。

如：It is said that he could stay under the water for a long time.如：Did you say anything (to him)?注：以下句型值得注意：据说他病了。

正：It is said that he is ill.正：He is said to be ill.4. tell 表示“告诉”，可tell sb sth. / tell sth to sb.告诉某人某事。

如：tell sb sth. / tell sth to sb.He told his parents the good news. / He told the good news to his parents.注：还可接不定式的复合结构作宾语,tell sb to do sth 叫某人做某事。

如：He told the children not to play in the street.另外，有时与介词from 连用表示“区分”“辨别”等。

如：Can you tell true friends from false friends?3.They allow people to keep in touch with each other anytime, anywhere.Allow: 允许allow的用法1. allow (doing) sth 允许(做)某事。

如：We don’t allow eating in the classrooms. (我们)不允许在教室吃饭。

注：有时用于被动语态。

Smoking is not allowed here.2. allow sb ____ sth 允许某人做某事。

如：My parents don’t allow me to go out at night.4.Keep the dust off your shoes.用作系动词，意为“保持（某种状态）”，其后常接形容词作表语。

如：坚持；继续。

后面如接动词，要用 V-ing 形式作宾语。

如：If you keep (on) practising your spoken English, you'll soon make great progress.阻止；阻碍。

常用于 keep sb/sth from doing sth 结构中，其中介词 from 不能省略。

如： The heavy rain didn't keep them from watching the football matchkeep + sb/sth + 形容词。

如：These gloves will keep your hands warm.5.The Blacks throw as many as cans the BrownsThe Blacks ;布莱克一家。

the+姓氏的名词复数，表示“一家人”或“夫妻俩”As many as : 多达；和...一样多；后接可数名词复数；as much as;多达；和...一样多;后接不可数名词6.It sometimes made a mess on the paper.1）Sometimes “有时”，提问时用how often如：He sometimes walks to school.2）Sometime“某个时候”，提问时用when如：I will go to Beijing sometime next week..3）some times“几次”，提问时用how many times如：I have been to Japan some times.4）some time“一段时间”，提问时用how long如：I stayed in Shanghai for some time.7.Thomas Edison developed the first practical light bulb in 1789Develop :开发，研制;发展；冲洗；Develop：v.发展；形容词：developed 发达的；developing 发展中的；欠发达的；名词为development。

America is the biggest developed country while china is the biggestdeveloping country8.Zhuge liang usedsuch lanterns to give signals in battles.Use sth to do sth ;use sth for doing sth; do sth with sth 用某物做某事Such 如此的(与that连用)区别such与so1. so+ adj/ adv.+ thate.g: He runs so fast that I can’t catch him.2 so +many/few +可数名词复数/much/ little+不可数名词thate.g: So few people came to see the film that the manger put on another film instead.3. such +a/an+ adj. +n.单数= so + sdj+a/an+ n.单数(形容词的位置不同）(The boy is sucha young boy that he can’t go to school.)4.such+adj+复数\不可数+thate.g: He told us such funny stories that we all laughed..9...we make our voice rise at the end.sound,voice与noise相同点：它们均有“声音”的意思。