滨海县城区4-8岁儿童龋患现况调查分析

小儿龋齿危险因素流行病学调查及社区预防保健措施【摘要】目的分析小儿龋齿危险因素流行病学调查及社区预防保健措施。

方法选取2021年3月-2022年9月本院362例小儿龋齿患儿开展研究，分析危险因素，制定社区预防保健措施。

结果小于3岁、大于5岁和3-5岁患儿的龋齿占比呈增加趋势（P＜0.05）；小儿龋齿危险因素主要有咀嚼习惯、吃甜食、吃酸食、饭后漱口和刷牙频数（P＜0.05）。

结论小儿龋齿多发生于3-5岁儿童，危险因素较多，加强社区预防保健具有积极意义。

【关键词】龋齿；危险因素；社区预防保健龋齿是一种儿科多发病，对小儿成长发育产生严重影响，WHO将其纳入三大非传染性疾病范围中[1]。

患儿常见症状为牙痛，食欲受到影响，如未及时治疗可能引发其他口腔疾病，例如牙槽脓肿、牙髓炎等，程度严重者可能出现全身性疾病。

明确疾病流行病学特征，总结危险因素，拟定针对性保健措施，有助于提升患儿健康水平。

本次研究以小儿龋齿患儿为对象，分析流行病学特征和危险因素，制定社区预防保健措施，结果如下。

1 资料和方法1.1一般资料选取2021年3月-2022年9月本院362例小儿龋齿患儿开展研究，362例患儿中有男187例，女175例，年龄为0-9岁，平均年龄（4.23±0.45）岁。

1.2方法引导患儿接受体格检查，主要采取视诊，令患儿行立位或者坐位，保证光源充足展开检验。

医院儿科应同意检验方法、标准和流程，借助自然光线，借助问诊、视诊和探诊等方式，对龋齿展开检查。

选择5号探针和平面口镜进行检查，龋齿判断标准为龋补、失和乳牙龋齿，同时借助调查问卷，仔细了解患儿咀嚼习惯、饮食情况、漱口情况和刷牙情况等。

1.3观察指标分析不同年龄小儿患病情况：观察小于3岁、3-5岁和大于5岁患儿发生龋齿例数，计算占比。

分析龋齿危险因素：包括咀嚼习惯、吃甜食、吃酸食、饭后漱口和刷牙频数。

1.4统计学分析应用EXCEL表格显示出不同年龄小儿患病例数和占比；应用Speamian相关性分析，行r检验，P＜0.05，差异有统计学意义。

江苏省3～5岁儿童龋病流行病学抽样调查报告刘怡然;沈红;仇颖莹;沈家平【摘要】目的了解江苏省3～5岁儿童龋病流行现状,为江苏省儿童口腔卫生保健工作提供信息支持.方法按照第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案,采用分层多阶段等容量随机抽样的方法,抽取江苏省3～5岁儿童1 337人,其中3岁组441人、4岁组455人、5岁组441人.使用CPI探针检查全口乳牙冠龋情况,计算患龋率、龋均、充填率等.结果 3、4、5岁人群乳牙患龋率分别为47.39％、60.22％和71.43％;龋均分别为2.22、2.94、4.05;龋齿充填率分别为0.72％、1.72％、2.63％.不同年龄组的患龋率和龋均不同(P＜0.05),随年龄增长,患龋状况加重.患龋率和龋均在不同性别间的差异无统计学意义.3岁人群患龋率农村高于城市(P＜0.01),4岁、5岁人群患龋率在城乡间差异无统计学意义.4岁人群龋均农村大于城市(P＜0.05),3岁、5岁人群龋均在城乡间差异无统计学意义.不同样本地区儿童乳牙患龋状况不同.3、4、5岁儿童乳牙显著性龋均指数分别为6.01、7.44、9.03.乳牙患龋率最高的牙位是上颌乳中切牙和下颌乳磨牙.5岁儿童乳牙患龋率和龋均高于2005年,充填率仅有小幅提升.结论江苏省3～5岁儿童乳牙患龋状况严重,应针对高风险人群进行重点防治.%Objective To describe the caries status in 3-5-year-old children in Jiangsu Province and to provide information support for oral health care. Methods Referring to protocols of the fourth national oral health survey, the method of multistage, stratified, equal capacity, simple random sampling was used to draw a sample of 1 337 in Jiangsu Province. Subjects were divided into three different age groups (aged 3, 4 and 5), with 441, 455 and 441 children in each group. The dental caries in deciduous teeth were recorded using CPI probe. And then the prevalence,the mean dmft, the filling rate were calculated. Results The prevalence rates of dental caries in deciduous teeth in the three groups of aged 3, 4, 5 were 47.39％, 60.22％ and 71.43％ respectively; the mean dmft were2.22, 2.94, and 4.05 respectively; the filling rates were 0.72％, 1.72％, and 2.63％respectively. There were significant differences in the prevalence, the mean dmft and the filling rate among different age groups and among different regions. There was no significant difference in the prevalence and mean dmft regarding the gender in each group. The prevalence in the group of aged 3 in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas (P＜0.01), while no urban and rural differences were found in the groups of aged 4 and 5. The mean dmft in the group of age 4 in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas (P＜ 0.05), while no urban and rural differences were found in the groups of age 3 and 5. The Sic indexes of the three groups of age 3, 4, 5 were 6.01, 7.44 and 9.03 respectively. The highest prevalence occurred on the upper middle incisors and the lower molars. The prevalence rate and mean dmft of 5-year-old children were higher than that in 2005, and the filling rate increased a little. Conclusions The 3-5-year-old children of Jiangsu Province have a high prevalence of dental caries in deciduous teeth. Prevention programs focusing on high risk population are urgently needed.【期刊名称】《口腔医学》【年(卷),期】2019(039)002【总页数】6页(P152-157)【关键词】乳牙;龋病;口腔流行病学;横断面调查【作者】刘怡然;沈红;仇颖莹;沈家平【作者单位】南京医科大学口腔疾病研究江苏省重点实验室, 南京医科大学附属口腔医院儿童口腔预防科, 江苏南京 (210029);南京医科大学口腔疾病研究江苏省重点实验室, 南京医科大学附属口腔医院儿童口腔预防科, 江苏南京 (210029);南京医科大学口腔疾病研究江苏省重点实验室, 南京医科大学附属口腔医院儿童口腔预防科, 江苏南京 (210029);南京医科大学口腔疾病研究江苏省重点实验室, 南京医科大学附属口腔医院儿童口腔预防科, 江苏南京 (210029)【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R788.1龋病是一种在人群中流行广泛的慢性口腔疾病，世界卫生组织将其列为应重点防治的慢性非传染性疾病之一。