狂犬病毒rabies virus

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Rabies virus狂犬病病毒
1、Animal susceptibility 动物易感性
◆Wide host range: all warm-blooded animals
◆Virus in the nervous system, saliva, urine, lymph, milk, and blood.
◆Recovery is rare except in certain bats (Vampire bats, salivary glands)
Envelope:Contains G glycoprotein
3、CPE in neuron 对神经元的细胞致病效应
Negri body(内基小体)一种嗜酸性包涵体,可作为诊断狂犬病毒的指标● A specific eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in rabies virus infected
nerve cells.
●Significance for diagnosis of rabies
4、Variation毒力变异
●Street virus (street strain) 街毒株/野毒株:从自然感染动物体内分离到的
病毒毒力强,潜伏期长,易产生内基小体。

⏹freshly isolated in the laboratory,
⏹long and variable incubation periods (usually 21–60 days in
dogs)
⏹regularly produce intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (Negri
body)
●Fixed strain 固定毒株:野毒株在家兔的脑内连续传代,变异,形成潜伏期
缩短、对人和犬的致病性明显减弱,不能通过脑外途径接种引起脑神经感染而发生狂犬病。

⏹serial brain-to-brain passage in rabbits
⏹the incubation period is shortened to 4–6 days
⏹difficulty of seeing inclusion bodies
5、Human rabies人类狂犬病
5.1特征:An acute infection of the central nervous system
Almost always fatal
5.2传播途径:Transmission and spreading
⏹Bite –usual route
⏹Corneal and other transplants
⏹No viremia没有病毒血症
5.3潜伏期:Incubation period
⏹1~2 months (2 weeks to -18 months)
5.4暴露后预防接种:Post-exposure prophylaxis:有效控制狂犬病的发生
接种前提:Determine the nature of the biting animal动物的种类,有无接种疫苗……
Manner of attack 攻击时是否易怒的Severity of the bite
接种步骤:
1. Clean wound:Include soap and water, alcohol or benzyl
2. Examine animal if available
3. Vaccination
4. Human rabies immune globulin (HRIG)
5.5症状:Manifestations
前驱期short prodromal phase
兴奋期acute neurologic phase:nervous system dysfunction神经系统功能障碍
Nervousness胆小sympathetic overactivity交感神经过度活跃Hydrophobia 恐水症spasm痉挛
麻痹期coma
5.6诊断Diagnosis
Animal observation对可以动物进行观察隔离
Negri bodies or Ag by direct immunofluorescence 直接用荧光实验检查抗原或内基小体
Viral RNA from saliva or brain by RT-PCR 用逆转录酶PCR的方法检查唾液中的RNA。