大光包滑坡运动特征及其过程分析张伟锋;黄润秋;裴向军【摘要】大光包滑坡是5·12汶川地震触发的规模最大的滑坡。
滑坡的形成机制和运动学特征引起国内外学者的广泛关注。
本文基于滑坡体运动－堆积特征的现场调查与分析，对滑坡的运动学特征进行了系统的阐述。
为了再现滑坡的破坏和运动过程，应用物理模拟试验方法进行了对比研究。
（1）通过对滑坡擦痕、标志性地物、滑坡堆积体植被、坡表块石倾向、滑坡裂缝、以及其他滑坡典型运动特征调查与分析研究，确定了滑坡的滑动方向、滑动距离、运动速度、运动特征值等滑坡运动特征参数，并系统地论述了滑坡扬尘、滑坡气浪、滑坡舌前缘岩性混杂堆积带以及滑坡碎屑流等典型运动－堆积现象的形成机理；（2）滑坡运动过程物理模拟试验表明，大光包滑坡破坏运动过程中存在前缘锁固段岩体剪断迸射、滑坡气浪、滑坡扬尘和“急刹车效应”等地质现象，且滑坡运动过程具有显著的阶段性；（3）大光包滑坡的运动过程可以概括为以下4个主要阶段，即：快速启动→高速滑动→“急刹车”制动→拆离滑动。
%Daguangbao landslide is the largest landslide triggered by the Wenchuan MS 8.0 Earthquake on May12,2008.Its formation mechanism and kinematics attract a remained and wide attention of scholars at domestic and abroad.The paper is based on summary analysis of the engineering geological survey on the movement characteristics of landslide.The kinematics characteristics of the landslide is studied systematically.In addition,in order to reproduce the logical phenomenon in the process of sliding,physical model simulation is conducted for comparison.The results show the follows.The investigation and analysis of the slickenside,iconic features, vegetation,flat stonetrend,slide cracks,and other topic features of the landslide accumulation determines the sliding direction,distance,velocity,motion eigenvalues and other movement characteristic parameters.The formation mechanism of landslide dust,blast shockwave,mixed lithology belt in the leading of slide tongue and clastic flow are systematic ndslide movement process physical simulation test confirms that Daguangbao landslide movement process has geological phenomenon such as cutting through of the front locking secting and enjection,blast shockwave,dust,“suddeyly braking”,significantly movement stage.Basically,its movement process can be dived into the following four stages,from quickly launching to high-speed sliding to “suddenly braking”and napping motion to detaching sliding on both sides of the accumulation.【期刊名称】《工程地质学报》【年(卷),期】2015(000)005【总页数】20页(P866-885)【关键词】大光包滑坡;运动过程;急刹车效应;物理模拟;滑坡擦痕【作者】张伟锋;黄润秋;裴向军【作者单位】地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室成都理工大学成都610059;地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室成都理工大学成都610059;地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室成都理工大学成都610059【正文语种】中文【中图分类】P642大光包滑坡运动特征及其过程分析*张伟锋黄润秋裴向军（地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室（成都理工大学）成都610059）摘要大光包滑坡是5•12汶川地震触发的规模最大的滑坡。
2024伴侣·03“大地的女儿”范宣梅，撬开震后灾害的“盲盒”文/吉意范宣梅是地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室副主任，是国家科技进步奖一等奖获得者。
自2008年汶川地震以来，她一直聚焦“强震地质灾害机理与预测”研究，在地震诱发地质灾害预测、震后灾害链效应与风险预警等方面取得了突破性进展。
研究成果被应用于芦山地震、九寨沟地震及2022年泸定地震等多次地震后的应急救援、灾后恢复重建和防灾减灾工作中，取得了显著性社会、经济效益。
2023年12月18日，甘肃发生地震后，范宣梅又在震区现场忙碌……本文主人公范宣梅2024伴侣·03人生视界CO M P A N I O N♥女性风采被大地震“撞”了一下的人生轨迹2023年11月25日，第十九届中国青年女科学家奖名单揭晓，成都理工大学教授范宣梅榜上有名。
42岁的范宣梅在甘肃金昌长大。
2000年，考入成都理工大学工程地质专业。
时间追溯至2008年5月12日，汶川的惊天一震，彻底改变了范宣梅的人生轨迹。
彼时她正在成都理工大学读博士一年级。
地震发生时，她正在宿舍6楼，震感非常强烈。
看见身边的同学惊慌失措地往楼下冲，她尽力保持了地质学专业人应有的淡定，抓上手机和钥匙匆匆跑到楼下。
一片混乱中，她把目光投向见多识广的老师们。
只见老师们面色凝重地说：“这次可能是龙门山断裂带发生了地震，震级很高，伤亡肯定不小，后续的次生灾害可能也会有很多。
”在接下来的时间里，这些判断被一一验证。
一天后，范宣梅随同导师来到受灾严重的北川地区。
从读本科开始，范宣梅就到过很多灾害现场，但从未有哪次像这次触目惊心。
在范宣梅的认知里，山体滑坡主要发生在土质疏松的地方。
而此刻，最坚硬的山体也从顶端垮塌，仿佛被巨剑削去了一半。
主震引发的灾害链，像倒下的多米诺骨牌般迅速扩散，目之所及都是泥石俱下，冲毁了道路、压垮了房屋、堵截了河流……震后形成的众多堰塞湖，最大的库容达到3亿立方米，像一顶顶悬在人们头顶的巨碗，随时可能向下倾覆。
Journal of Eng i n eeri n g Geology 工程地质学报 1004-9665/2010/18(5) 0596 13四川省8 13特大泥石流灾害特点、成因与启示*许 强(地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室(成都理工大学) 成都 610059)摘 要 2010年8月12~14日,四川省部分地区普降大到暴雨,在5 12汶川地震极重灾区的绵竹市清平乡、汶川县映秀镇和都江堰龙池镇诱发了极为严重的泥石流灾害。
本次泥石流灾害表明:地震区和非地震区、震前和震后的泥石流在发育分布规律、启动条件、暴发规模、活动形式及其成灾方式和危害性等方面都具有显著的差别。
通过对8 13清平乡泥石流、映秀红椿沟泥石流以及龙池泥石流的基本分析,表明8 13泥石流具有群发性、突发性、破坏性、灾害链效应等特点,同时还具有沿发震断裂呈带状分布、物源主要来自于汶川地震触发的崩滑堆积物、活动形式主要表现为拉槽!侵蚀等显著特征。
震区异常丰富的松散固体物源和极端气候所造成的局地短时强降雨是泥石流暴发的根本原因。
针对汶川地震区泥石流暴发的新特点,应进一步加强对震区泥石流的防治,尤其是针对具有重大泥石流隐患的沟谷,一方面应提高设防标准,强化工程治理和专业监测预警,另一方面更应引入风险管理和控制的理念,注重防! 治!结合;软! 硬!结合;工程措施与非工程措施结合;治理!与管理!结合,调动全社会力量,共同防范地质灾害。
关键词 8 13泥石流灾害 成因机理 群发性 灾害链效应 汶川地震区中图分类号:P642 2;TU43 文献标识码:AT HE13AUGUS T2010CATAS TROPHI C DEBRIS FLO W S I N SI CHUAN PRO V I NCE:C HARACTERISTI CS,GENETI C MEC HANIS M AND S UGGESTI ONSXU Q iang(S tate K ey Laboratory of Geohazard Preventi on and G eoenv i ron m ent P ro tecti on,Chengdu University of T echno l ogy,Chengdu 610059) Abst ract Fr o m12to14o fAugust2010,heavy rain even ra i n stor m s dropped in part area of S ichuan prov ince,and catastr ophic debris flo w s w ere induced in Q i n gping to w n ofM ianzhu c ity,Y i n gx i u to w n ofW enchuan coun ty and Longch i to wn of Du jiangyan city.These to w ns are belonged to the worst hit areas o f the5 12W enchuan Eart h quake.The disasters w ere referred by the governm ent as the13August2010catastrophic debris flo w s i n Sichuan prov i n ce.The debr i s fl o w disasters de m onstrated that the debris fl o w s i n seis m ic zone or in none se is m ic zone,pre earthquake or post earthquake have si g n ificant d ifferences i n distribution,f o r m i n g conditions,scales,m oving styles as w ell as other disaster m odes and har m f u l n ess.In th is paper,firstl y,a brief i n troduction is g i v en to t h e8 13Q i n g pi n g,H ongchungou ofY ingx iu and Longchi debris flo w s.The characteristics and for m a ti o n reasons o f the8 13cata stroph ic debris fl o w s,i n W enchuan earthquake region,are analyzed and summ arized and several reve lati o ns and sug gesti o ns to the preven ti o n o f the debris flo w s i n the disaster areas are put f o r w ard.The research resu lts sho w that the*收稿日期:2010-09-10;收到修改稿日期:2010-09-29.基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划课题强震作用下斜坡失稳破坏机理与分布规律!(2008CB425801)、教育部创新团队发展计划(I RT0812)、地质灾害防治与地质环境保护自主研究课题汶川地震大型滑坡研究!.作者简介:许强,主要从事地质灾害预测评价及防治处理方面的教学与研究工作.Em ai:l xuq i ang_68@126.co m8 13debris fl o w s no t on ly had the characteristics of group pr operties,sudden occurri n g features,destr uctiveness and hazard cha i n effec,t bu t a lso had the sign ificant characteristics o f zonal d istri b uti o n along the se is m ic faults.The m a terials m ainly ca m e fro m rock slide deposits wh ich triggered by the W enchuan Earthquake.Do wn cutti n g w as the m a i n l y mov i n g m ode.Ex traordi n ary abundant l o ose so li d m ateri a ls and loca l short ti m e heavy ra i n fall by t h e ex tre m e cli m ate in t h e earthquake reg ion w ere t h e basic reasons o f the debris flo w occurrence.W it h regard to t h ese ne w character i s tics o f the debris flo w inW enchuan earthquake reg ion,the prevention m easures to the debris flo w s shou l d be strengthened,especia ll y those va ll e ys o f great debris flo w h i d den troub le.On the one hand,the standard o f the garrison shou l d be i m proved and the eng i n eering m anage m ent as w ell as spec ialty m on ito r shou l d be i n tensified.On t h e o ther hand,riskm anage m ent and contr o l ideal shou ld be br ought i n.The co m b i n ation of preventi o n and ad m inis tration,the co m b i n ation of soft and hard m easures,t h e co mb i n ation o f eng i n eering m easures and non eng i n eering m easures,and the co m binati o n of adm i n istration and m anage m ent are supposed to be focused on.W hat e lse,m ob ili zi n g t h e whole soc i e ty to prevent geo l o g ica l disasters a ll together.K ey w ords The ca tastrophic debris fl o w,Genetic m echanis m,H azar d cha i n effec,t W enchuan earthquake,Geo log ica l d isaster prevention1 引 言2010年8月12~14日,四川省部分地区降大到暴雨,局部地区大暴雨。
汶川地震地质灾害后效应分析黄润秋【摘要】汶川地震过去3a了.3a来,大量的国内外学者对地震灾区地震地质灾害的发育分布规律、形成机理及防治对策给予了高度关注,发表了大量的研究成果.人们在关注同震地质灾害的同时,更对地震灾区今后地质灾害的发生规律及演化趋势、持续时间倾注了极大的关心,因为震后连续3a,尤其是2010年,灾区地质灾害的频率和规模均出现较震前显著增大的现象.本文收集整理了震前和震后灾区地质灾害的数据资料,尤其研究了震后3a灾区重大地质灾害的特点和发生规律,在此基础上,分析了震后灾区地质灾害可能的持续时间、演化趋势以及高风险区的范围.分析和研究结果认为,震后汶川地震灾区的地质灾害将持续20～25a;在这段时间内,地质灾害将以4～5a一个高峰为周期,呈震荡式的衰减下降,并最终恢复到震前的水平.震后地质灾害的高风险区将出现在耿达-映秀、小鱼洞、红白-茶坪、擂鼓-陈家坝和青川东河口-窝前这5个地段上.%It was 3 years since the Wenchuan earthquake. A lot of domestic and foreign scholars have conducted a great deal of work on the development and distribution patterns, formation mechanisms and prevention strategies of the geohazards triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, and have published a lot of research results. Since the frequency and scale of increased markedly,especially in 2010, many researchers are beginning to pay close attention to the occurrence roles, activity trends and duration of geohazards triggered by rainfalls after the Wenchuan earthquake. This paper collected the data pre-and post-earthquake, and analyzed the characteristics and occurrence rules of major geohazards triggered by rainfalls in the last 3years in the Wenchuanearthquake area. Based on this ,the duration ,activity trends and high risk areas of geohzards in the Wenchuan earthquake areas were analyzed. The preliminary study results indicate geohazard activity in theWenchuan erathquake area will keep still intense in future 20-25 years. In this period of time, geohazard activity level appeared to decline in shock with the cycle of every four or five years. After that,the geological condition will be gradually stable. The high geohazards risk areas will be mainly distributed along the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault, especially in the sections of Genda-Yingxiu in Wenchuan county, Xiaoyudong in Pengzhou county, Hongbai, Shifang county-Chaping, Anxian county, Leigu-Chenjiaba in Beichuan county and Donghekou-Woqian in Qingchuan county.【期刊名称】《工程地质学报》【年(卷),期】2011(019)002【总页数】7页(P145-151)【关键词】后效应;汶川地震;地质灾害;活动性;发展趋势【作者】黄润秋【作者单位】地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室(成都理工大学),成都,610059【正文语种】中文【中图分类】P642.2;TU43一次发生在地形复杂山区的强震会触发大量的同震滑坡、崩塌及其相关地质灾害;同时,由于强震对一定范围地质环境的强烈冲击,也将导致灾区范围内山体的松弛、震裂。
