词汇学

On borrowing words between English and ChineseA well-known fact about English is that it shows an impression of vividness and similarity, which is not only because America itself is composed of many major nations, but because it has borrowed a great many words from other languages in the process of its formation and development. Loan words reflect the different cultural connection, enrich English vocabulary and show the contents of new things more accurately, visually and directly, thus it makes English more internationalized.Language changes when changes are taking place in social life. As the most active factor of language, lexicon is very sensitive to the changes in social life. From the 1990s, tremendous changes have taken place in the fields ranging from economy, politics, science, technology, to education. New words and expressions emerge once new things and new concepts appear in social life. And large numbers of new words and expressions reflecting these new things are coming into the English language in an endless stream. This paper attempts to explore the very phenomenon of English neologisms from the characteristics of neologisms and the translation techniques, to help English learners develop a good appreciation of theemerging English n Vocabulary is like a weatherglass recording the changing of the time. As society is developing by leaps and bounds, neologisms are producing faster and more newwords .People always borrow words from various fields to express themselves when they write news English. This method can be divided into three aspects: 1) the name of the capitals, famous buildings and the leads of governments, to substitute the state, the government or the association, such as Pentagon(五角大楼); 2) the area of sports, military, business, science, lecture and entertainment, such as Phelpsian(菲尔普斯); 3) Mixing with loanwords, especially some about the recent happening, to attract more readers such as Obama (American presidential election)(08美国总统大选).English has become a kind of tool for international communication. With the high frequency communication of politics and high speed development of economy, English has shown a remarkable tendency to go outside its own linguistic resources and borrow from other languages. For example: alcohol (酗酒)(Arabic), croissant(新月形面包) (French), pretzel(椒盐卷饼) (German), hoon (飞车仔)(Austria)[4], ranch(大牧场)(Spanish At the same time, borrowing from Chinese into English is a significant subject al-ea of studies forChinese scholars. The main borrowing modes of Chinese loan words in English are: transliteration，translation，replacement and composition．With the development of China and the exchange of the world culture，there willbe more Chinese loan words in English，but the main borrowing mode will be translation．It is estimated that Chinese English will appear．The Chinese loan words in English have greatly enriched the English vocabulary, and improved the language communication．This paper analyzes the classification of the Chinese loan words in English and the way of borrowing—words，which will provide thenon-Chinese speakers the necessary Chinese culture．The early Chinese loan words fire mostly known via the translation of Foreign works．According to Oxford English Dictionary，the word silk(丝绸)was the earliest loan word through Latin and Greek in AD 888．Chinese words and expressions began to find their way into English in the Ming Dynasty when it was a developed and prosperous country．The following and growing communication and exchange between countries have given more opportunities to more Chinese words to interweave into foreigners’ talks，and some of these words were then directly or indirectly accepted as phonetic loans inEnglish．For example, “zongzi”(棕子)，“qingming”(清明)and “yangge”(秧歌)．After the establishment of the People’；Republic of China, lots of Chinese words concerning culture，politics and ideology have been introduced to western countries，mainly in the form of English language．For example，the People’s Daily(人民日报)，Four Modernizations(四个现代化)，reform and opening up to the outside world(改革开放)．Since China launched the policy of reform and opening tothe outside world，the advanced science and technology of the western world has influenced China much more than ever before．A large number of borrowed English expressions have emerged in high frequency in mass media or among common people．For example：雷达(radar)。