选修作业
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爱德华格莱泽<<城市的胜利>>在《城市的胜利》一书中，格莱泽教授带领读者穿越人类历史、游历世界各地，并将经济与历史完美对接，展现了城市存在的优势及其为人类提供的福祉。
城市让人类变得亲密，让观察与学习、沟通与合作变得轻而易举，极大地促进了思想撞击、文化交流与科技创新......格莱泽以具体的城市为例，细致深入地分析了城市存在的问题、衰落的原因、复兴的道路，并就“贫民窟的优势”“摩天大楼的好处”“消费城市的崛起”“邻避主义的诅咒”“教育决定民主”等众多城市议题进行了睿智而精彩的阐述。
就像他曾经谈到过的中国城市的能量和活力，他说：我有幸去了北京与上海。
我在想，这两个城市究竟哪一个会成为21世纪的世界首都。
这两个城市的竞争力十分明显。
它们都是世界上人口最多的城市之一，充满了聪明而富有活力的人群。
这两个城市的教育体系都很出色。
城市和国家一样，地位的起伏和教育的质量密切相关。
中国不惧怕高楼，这是很重要的一点，因为这样能够容纳更多的人，并且避免城市铺展过广。
摩天大楼的集束从环保角度来看是有益的，因为这会减少交通能耗。
中国大城市世界一流的基础设施建设让美国城市显得十分落伍。
然而，中国城市的规模如此巨大，改变如此迅速，忽视它们面临的挑战是不明智的。
大规模的城市化必然有消极面，比如说严重污染、交通堵塞、人口拥挤等等，避免这些消极面是政府的重要职责。
城市的核心是人，而不是钢筋水泥。
基础设施只有在为市民服务时才是有价值的。
但是，城市的建设者很多时候将表面的光辉摆在人的需求之上。
在这方面，土地使用规划是一个很好的例子。
紧凑规划从而方便交通、实现多功能共存，这才是城市的最佳状态。
上海南京路是一个成功案例，居住区、餐馆、店铺和办公区都同处一地。
有些地段尽管符合建筑审美需要，但却牺牲了人与人之间的联接。
北京市中心的历史特性使其难以改造为易于行走的城区。
我担心即使一些新城区，也太过依赖于汽车而不是步行。
北京过去已提供了成功的步行区范例。
翻修后的胡同可以极好地、完美地服务于城市居民的现实生活。
工程学不能解决所有城市问题。
拥堵是伴随汽车工业进入城市的。
如果中国希望它的城市街道畅通无阻，可以采取电子道路收费系统，并根据一天中不同时段与不同拥堵状况来收费。
如果中国像美国那样等到它的绝大多数国民都开上汽车才开始采取相关行动，这种对拥堵的收费将变得更加困难。
城市建设必须适应中国快速的经济转型。
这意味着2013年的房屋建设将不能满足2033年更富足的中国。
同样，简单提供更多住房只能被视为一个短期应对方案，不再是一个可以一劳永逸解决所有问题的方法。
当下，许多中国城市以工业为主，但是这样的情况不可能持续太久。
普通工业将最终迁出城市，甚至可能会迁到更低工资水平的国家。
教育、调试以及企业家精神是应对城市衰败的最好武器。
聪明的人们一定会找到新的繁荣之路。
小型企业是城市再生的另外一个源泉。
上海就是一个很好的例子，是城市活力的重要来源。
即便大型企业统治国际贸易，但中国的城市必须珍视所在地的小企业。
对小型企业来说，保持技能和创新的精神至关重要。
作为研究城市的学者，我惊讶于中国城市的能量和活力。
这些城市让中国迅速从贫困走向富裕。
这个过程还将继续，只是中国需要不断寻找教育、工程和降低“高密度”负面影响的合理调配与整合。
问《立大志》系列讲座 (12) 城市的胜利-爱德华格莱泽简介：城市的发展到底为大家带来了那些便利呢？有人说城市在没落，可同时也有更多的人涌向城市，人们为什么对城市如此感兴趣呢？他能为我们提供什么便利呢？或许地球的城镇化确实给大家带来了很多的便利？例如资源的交流，好主意的交换等等。
城市的贫穷人是否代表城市在没落呢？还是代表别的什么意思？有人说城市不环保，其实不然，现在的城镇甚至比乡村还要环保。
具体的信息我们将通过这段视频为大家呈现。
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