中国医科大学考博英语必备短语集锦
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医学考博英语常用句Essential Phrases and Sentences for Medical PhD Examinations.1. Introduction.The field of medicine is constantly evolving, and the pursuit of a PhD in this discipline demands a profound knowledge of both medical principles and cutting-edge research.The journey towards a medical PhD is challenging, yet rewarding, as it involves a deep dive into the intricacies of human health and disease.2. Describing Research.My research focuses on exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying chronic inflammatory diseases.The aim of my study is to elucidate the interactions between genetic and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.This investigation aims to identify novel therapeutic targets for the effective treatment of cancer.3. Discussing Methodology.In my experiments, I utilize advanced molecular biology techniques to investigate gene expression patterns in diseased tissues.Quantitative analysis of patient data is performed using statistical software to identify predictive biomarkers of disease progression.My laboratory employs cutting-edge imaging techniques to visualize structural changes in the brain associated with cognitive decline.4. Presenting Results.Our findings reveal a significant association between a specific genetic mutation and increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease.The results of our in vitro studies demonstrate that the novel drug candidate exhibits potent anti-tumor activity.Analysis of patient cohort data shows a positive correlation between lifestyle factors and improved outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.5. Discussing Implications and Future Work.The implications of our findings could lead to the development of personalized medicine strategies for the prevention and treatment of genetic disorders.Future studies are needed to validate the efficacy of the novel therapeutic approach in larger patient populations.Understanding the molecular basis of disease pathogenesis could pave the way for innovative diagnostic tools and targeted therapies.6. Concluding Thoughts.The journey of a medical PhD student is challenging, but the rewards of contributing to the field of medicine are immense.Through rigorous research and continuous learning, we aim to improve patient outcomes and推进医学科学的进步。
2024年全国医学考博英语写作常用词汇2024 National Medical Doctoral Entrance Examination Writing VocabularyIntroductionThe National Medical Doctoral Entrance Examination, also known as the medical Exam, is an important test for those seeking to pursue a career in the medical field. With the increasing globalization of medicine, having a strong command of English is essential for medical professionals. In this document, we will introduce some common vocabulary that may appear in the writing section of the 2024 National Medical Doctoral Entrance Examination. These words are not only useful for the exam but also essential for effective communication in the medical field.Common Vocabulary1. Diagnosis - the process of determining the nature of a disease or condition based on symptoms and tests.2. Treatment - the course of action taken to alleviate symptoms or cure a disease.3. Prognosis - the likely outcome or course of a disease, including the chances of recovery.4. Symptoms - the physical or mental signs of a disease or condition.5. Diagnosis - the identification of a disease or condition based on symptoms and test.6. Surgery - the branch of medicine that uses operative techniques to treat disease or injury.7. Prescription - a written order for medication issued by a healthcare provider.8. Rehabilitation - the process of restoring function and mobility after illness or injury.9. Immunization - the administration of a vaccine to protect against infectious diseases.10. Epidemic - an outbreak of a disease that affects a large number of people in a specific region.ConclusionHaving a strong foundation in medical writing vocabulary is essential for success in the 2024 National Medical Doctoral Entrance Examination. By familiarizing yourself with thesecommon words, you can improve your chances of passing the exam and excel in the medical field. Good luck with your studies and future career!。
(一)医疗、医院、医生1 、医生①doctor medical worker②physician 内科医生③surgeon 外科医生④doctor in charge 主治医生⑤intern 实习医生⑥resident doctor 住院医生2 、医院①hospitalThe specialized hospital 专科医院The general hospital 普通医院The community hospital 社区医院The public hospital 公立医院The private hospital 私立医院②clinc 门诊Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊③ward 病房④medical team 医疗队3 医疗手段①drug therapy 药物治疗②medical treatment 医疗③medical instruments 医疗器械④diagnose (v) 诊断(n) diagnosis⑤prevent (v) 预防⑥sterilize (v) 消毒|⑦administrate a drug 给药⑧prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病⑨TCM 中医⑩chemotherapy 化疗(11) medical service 医疗服务(12) complain of (v) 主述(13) health checkup 健康普查(14) diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗(15) consult the doctor(v) 咨询;4 、医疗体制(1 )healthcare system 医疗体制(2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷(3 )medical accident 医疗事故(4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系(5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金5 、医德(1 )medical ethics 医德(2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心(3 )humanistic 人道主义的(4 )compassionate 富于同情性的(5 )considerate 体贴周到的(6 )resolute 果断的(7 )service quality 服务质量(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people 6 、病人(1 )patient(2 )the sick(3 )the invalid(4) sufferer医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类(二)必知疾病名称1 、患病的表达方式⑴suffer from (v )(2) contract (v )(3) people with some disease 患病人群(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人2 、必知疾病名称heart disease 心脏病hypertension 高血压kidney problem 肾病stroke 休克the blood pressure 血压diabetes 糖尿病obesity 肥胖terminal illness 绝症incurable illness 不治之症cancer 癌症tumor 肿瘤cancer of early stage 癌症晚期emergency case 急症servious illness 重症the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病short breath 短气syndrome 综合症complications 并发症process 病程bone loss 骨质疏松short-sighted (adj)近视3 、其他相关词汇outbreak and spendingbreak out (v) 疾病的爆发spread (v) 疾病的扩散the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率taboo 禁忌speed up blood circulation (v)improve the cardiac functions (v)side effects 副反应complain of 主述4 、传染病专题(1) 感染源virus 病毒bacteria 细菌pest 害虫channel and media 传染途径及媒介(2 )传染疾病some disease epidemic 传染性疾病plague 鼠疫influenza (简)flu 流感infection contagion 传染病infectious diseases 传染病AIDS 艾滋病SARS(3) 传染epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的block the chanel (v)disseminate 传播cross infection 交叉感染5 、疾病名称illnesssicknessdiseasesuffering6 、疾病的转归(1 )疾病的恢复recover recoveryrecuperateresumerecruitreinstate(2) 疾病的恶化deteriorateaggravateexasperatemake worseworsen医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类(三)药物1 、药物名称medicinedrugremedymedicinal herbspowerpill2 、相关词汇drug therapy 药物治疗side effects 副反应drug abuse 药物滥用drugstore 药房over the counter 非处方药drug allergy 药物过敏drug poisoning 药物中毒prescription 处方expenses for medicine 药费charges for medicinedrug rebate 药品回扣3 、药物用法开药:prescribe some medicine for some diseases write out a proscription服药take a medicine治…的疾病a remedy for some diseases医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类(四)1 、心理学专业词汇subhealth 亚健康psychological benefits 心理健康psychological problem 心理问题psychological consultation 心理咨询psychological obstacles 心理障碍mental obstacles 心理障碍psychological massage 心理按摩psychology 心理学/ 心理psychotherapy 心理治疗psychological expert 心理专家2 、相关词汇questionnaire3 、情绪词汇overcomedisappointdisappointedshy ,flushfrustrationfailurewillpoweroptimisticalbe sensitive tonervoustensionalsad agony pessimism pessimisticconfident confidencestress pressuredepress depresseddepression depressive4 、疲劳相关词汇fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary 医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类(五)肥胖与营养1 、营养物质nutrient 营养素protein 蛋白质fat 脂肪glucose 葡萄糖vitamin 维生素sugar 糖类heat calories quantity of heat 热量carbohydrate 碳水化合物soft drink beverage 软饮料cholesterol胆固醇2 、营养与饮食a well-balanced dietnutrition 营养nutritional 营养的nutritious 有营养的nutritionist 营养学家malnutrition 营养失调metabolism 物质代谢fat free foodthe prepared food 熟食grain 谷物food shortages 食品短缺lack of foodbreakfast lunch supper 一日三餐imbalance (n) unbalance (a) 失衡3 、营养失衡相关疾病stroke ;obesityhypertensiondiabetes!4 、治疗措施diet drug 减肥药lose weight 减肥医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类(六) 生活习惯、健康及运动1 、生活习惯life-style 生活习惯a disorder of body and minda physical and mental disorder crazy tempo of life 快节奏的生活high tempo of lifebe accustomed to sththe exercise habit2 、运动与休息ample sleep 充足的睡眠relax oneselftake sportsphysical exercisessport activitiesdo sportssports ground (简)gym 体育场馆entertainmentbe more/less physically fit sustain the exercise habitconstitution 体质hormone 激素subhealth亚健康cooperative medical caresystem合作医疗体系resist mutation防癌immunomodulator免疫调节剂enthusiasm热情。
Aalimentary [ælɪ'mentərɪ]adj.食物的,营养的alkaline [ˈælkəlaɪn]adj.碱性的,碱的;含碱的n.碱度,碱性allergic [əˈlɜ:dʒɪk]adj.过敏的;过敏症的;对…极讨厌的alleviate [əˈli:vieɪt]vt.减轻,缓和alveolus [ælˈvi:ələs]n.小孔,肺泡;牙槽;蜂房的巢室ambulant [ˈæmbjələnt]adj.走动的ameliorate [əˈmi:liəreɪt]vt.正,夸(使)改善,改进;减轻(痛苦等);改良vi.变得更好ammonia [əˈməʊniə]n.氨;氨水;氨气anatomy [əˈnætəmi]n.解剖,分解,分析;(详细的)剖析;(生物体的)解剖结构;骨骼amputate [ˈæmpjuteɪt]vt.(用外科手术)截(肢等);切断;砍掉;删除anemia [ə'ni:mi:ə]n.贫血症;无活力,无生气anesthesia [ˌænəs'θi:ʒə]n.感觉缺失,麻木;麻醉anesthetic [ˌænəs'θetɪk]n.(使局部或全身失去知觉的)麻醉剂,麻醉药adj.感觉缺失的;麻木的,麻醉的anhydrous [æn'haɪdrəs]adj.无水的(尤指结晶水)ankle [ˈæŋkl]n.踝,踝关节;脚脖子anoxia [æ'nɒksɪə]n.缺氧症antacid [æntˈæsɪd]n.& adj.解酸剂;防酸剂;解酸的;防酸的antibiotics [ˌæntɪbaɪ'ɒtɪks]n.(用作复数)抗生素;(用作单数)抗生物质的研究;微抗生素,抗菌素( antibiotic的名词复数) antibody [ˈæntibɒdi] n.[医] 抗体antifebrile [æntɪ'fi:braɪl]adj.退热的,解热的n.解热剂antigen [ˈæntɪdʒən]n.抗原antiseptic [ˌæntiˈseptɪk]adj.防腐的;无菌的;异常洁净的;诚实无欺的n.防腐剂,杀菌剂,消毒剂antitoxin [ˌæntɪ'tɒksɪn]n.抗毒素antiviral [ˌæntiˈvaɪrəl]adj.抗病毒的antivirus [ˈæntivaɪrəs]n.抗病毒液apparatus [ˌæpəˈreɪtəs]n.仪器,器械;机器;机构,机关;器官appendicitis [əˌpendəˈsaɪtɪs]n.阑尾炎appendix [əˈpendɪks]n.附录;阑尾;附加物appetite [ˈæpɪtaɪt]n.欲望;胃口,食欲;嗜好,爱好arrhythmia [ə'rɪθmɪə]n.心律失常,心律不齐artery [ˈɑ:təri]n.[解剖]动脉;干线,要道arthritis [ɑ:ˈθraɪtɪs]n.关节炎articular [a:'tɪkjʊlə]adj.关节的aseptic [ˌeɪˈseptɪk]adj.术无菌的;经消毒的;防感染的;冷漠的n.防腐剂asphyxia [æsˈfɪksiə]n.血液中缺氧;窒息;无脉aspirate [ˈæspərət]v.吸气aspirin [ˈæsprɪn]n.阿司匹林;阿司匹林药片assay [əˈseɪ]n.化验;试验;古尝试;试金vt.化验;试验;考验;分析vi.经检验证明内含成分asthma [ˈæsmə]n.[医] 气喘,哮喘asymmetric(al) [ˌeɪsɪˈmetrɪk]adj.不对称的,不匀称的;逻非对称的atrium [ˈeɪtriəm]n.心房;(现代建筑物开阔的)中庭,天井atropine [ætrə'pɪn]n.阿托品,颠茄碱attenuate [əˈtenjueɪt]vt.& vi.(使)变细;(使)变薄;(使)变小;减弱adj.稀薄的;细小的;减弱的;减少的atypical [ˌeɪˈtɪpɪkl]adj.非典型的audiometer [ˌɔ:dɪ'ɒmɪtə]n.听度计aural [ˈɔ:rəl]adj.耳的;听觉的;气味的;预兆的auspice ['ɔ:spɪs]n.预兆;前兆;吉兆;(以飞鸟行动为根据的)占卜autoclave [ˈɔ:təʊkleɪv]n.压热器;高压蒸气灭菌器autopsy [ˈɔ:tɒpsi]n.尸体解剖;验尸;[病理]尸体剖检;(事后的)分析,检查Bbacillus [bəˈsɪləs]n.杆菌backache [ˈbækeɪk]n.背痛,腰痛bacterial [bæk'tɪərɪəl]adj.细菌的;细菌性bactericidal [bækˌtɪərɪ'saɪdl]adj.杀菌的bacteriology [bækˌtɪəriˈɒlədʒi]n.细菌学bacterium [bæk'tɪərɪəm]n.细菌(复数为bacteria)bandage [ˈbændɪdʒ]n.绷带vt.用绷带绑扎BCG(BacillusCalmette-Guerin)卡介苗bellyache [ˈbelieɪk]n.腹痛vi.无故抱怨beriberi [ˌberiˈberi]n.脚气病bicarbonate [ˌbaɪˈkɑ:bənət]n.重碳酸盐bilateral [ˌbaɪˈlætərəl]adj.双边的,双方的;两侧的;双向的;双系的bile [baɪl]n.胆汁;愤怒;坏脾气biliary [ˈbɪliəri]adj.胆汁的,输送胆汁的,由于胆汁异状的bioactive [ˌbaɪ'æktɪv]adj.对活质起作用的,生物活性的biochemistry [ˌbaɪəʊˈkemɪstri]n.生物化学;生物化学成份biological [ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl]adj.生物学的;生物的;与生物学相关的;有血亲关系的n.[药]生物制品,生物制剂biologist [baɪˈɒlədʒɪst]n.生物学家biology [baɪˈɒlədʒi]n.生物学;生物biomedical [ˌbaɪəʊˈmedɪkl]adj.(有关)生物医学的biomedicine [ˌbaɪəʊ'medɪsn]n.(把生物和生物化学的原理应用到医学中的)生物医学;生物医学(研究在极端情况下,特别是在太空旅行中环境对于人体的影响)biopsy [ˈbaɪɒpsi]n.活组织检查,活体检视biostatistics [ˌbaɪəʊstə'tɪstɪks]n.生物统计学biotic [baɪˈɒtɪk]adj.关于生命的,生物的bladder [ˈblædə(r)]n.膀胱;囊状物;水疱;空话连篇的人bleach [bli:tʃ]vt.& vi.漂白;使褪色n.漂白剂;漂白bleed [bli:d]vt.使出血;勒索,敲诈vi.流血vt.& vi.散开;给(某人)放血;放掉气体或水(以使某物运行正常);长期榨取(某人的钱)n.[印]出血版blister [ˈblɪstə(r)]n.水疱;水肿;疱;气泡vt.& vi.(使)起水泡vi.(使表皮等)涨破,爆裂bloat [bləʊt]vt.使膨胀;使肿起;使自大;腌熏(鱼)vi.膨胀,肿起n.膨胀的东西,肿胀的人;自满的人block [blɒk]n.块;街区;英大楼,大厦;障碍物,阻碍vt.阻止;阻塞;限制bowel [ˈbaʊəl]n.肠;内部;同情心,怜悯心bronchitis [brɒŋˈkaɪtɪs]n.支气管炎bronchus [ˈbrɒŋkəs]n.(尤指肺两侧的)支气管bruise [bru:z]vt.使挫伤vi.碰伤;擦伤n.瘀伤,青肿;擦伤,伤痕;(感情受到的)伤害buffer [ˈbʌfə(r)]n.缓冲器;起缓冲作用的人(或物);[化]缓冲液,缓冲剂;[计]缓冲区vt.缓冲;[化]把缓冲液加入(溶液)Ccaffeine [ˈkæfi:n]n.[药]咖啡因;咖啡碱;茶精(兴奋剂)calcify [ˈkælsɪfaɪ]vt.& vi.(使)钙化,(使)硬化calcium [ˈkælsiəm]n.[化] 钙callous [ˈkæləs]adj.硬结的,长茧的;铁石心肠的,无情的vt.(使)变硬,(使)起茧;(使)冷酷无情callus [ˈkæləs]n.老茧,假骨质;植愈合组织vi.结硬皮,生老茧,结痂vt.使生茧(或变硬),使(伤口等)结痂calory ['kælərɪ]n.卡路里,大卡路里camphor [ˈkæmfə(r)]n.[化] 樟脑,莰酮;潮脑cancer [ˈkænsə(r)]n.癌症,恶性肿瘤;弊病,社会恶习;迅速蔓延的恶劣的或危险的事物;[天]巨蟹座,巨蟹宫canine [ˈkeɪnaɪn]adj.犬的;狗的;似犬的;犬科的n.犬齿;犬牙;犬科动物canker [ˈkæŋkə(r)]n.(植物的)溃疡;(动物)耳溃疡;腐败的影响;腐蚀因素vt.使溃疡vi.受到腐蚀,生黑腐病,溃烂cannula [ˈkænjʊlə]n.套管,插管capillary [kəˈpɪləri]n.毛细管;毛细血管;微管adj.毛细管的;毛状的;表面张力的;细长的capsule [ˈkæpsju:l]n.胶囊;航天舱;(植物的)荚;小容器adj.压缩的;概要的vt.压缩;简述;以瓶盖密封carbohydrate [ˌkɑ:bəʊˈhaɪdreɪt]n.碳水化合物,糖类;淀粉质或糖类食物carbon [ˈkɑ:bən]n.[化学]碳;(一张)复写纸;[电]碳精棒[片,粉],碳精电极;复写的副本adj.碳的;碳处理的carbonate [ˈkɑ:bəneɪt]n.碳酸盐vt.充二氧化碳于carcinogen [kɑ:ˈsɪnədʒən]n.致癌物carcinogenesis [kɑ:sɪnəʊ'dʒenɪsɪs]n.癌病变,致癌作用carcinoma [ˌkɑ:sɪˈnəʊmə]n.癌cardiac [ˈkɑ:diæk]adj.心脏(病)的;(胃的)贲门的n.心脏病患者;强心剂caries [ˈkeəri:z]n.龋齿,骨疡cartilage [ˈkɑ:tɪlɪdʒ]n.<解> 软骨;软骨结构catabolism [kə'tæbəlɪzəm]n.异化作用,分解代谢;陈谢catalyst [ˈkætəlɪst]n.[化] 触媒,催化剂;〈比喻〉触发因素;促进因素;〈口〉有感染力的人cataract [ˈkætərækt]n.大瀑布,急瀑布;[医]白内障;暴雨,洪水;奔流v.像瀑布似地注流catheter [ˈkæθɪtə(r)]n.导尿管,尿液管,导管cathode [ˈkæθəʊd]n.电(-)阴极,负极caustic [ˈkɔ:stɪk]adj.[化] 苛性的;腐蚀性的;尖刻的,刻薄的;[物]焦散的adv.刻薄地,挖苦地n.焦散线,焦散面;刻薄,讽刺;[化]苛性碱;[医]腐蚀剂cavity [ˈkævəti]n.腔,洞;蛀牙,龋洞celiac ['si:lɪˌæk]adj.腹的,腹腔的cell [sel]n.[生] 细胞;小牢房;电池;诗墓穴vi.住在牢房或小室中vt.囚禁cellular [ˈseljələ(r)]adj.细胞的;由细胞组成的;多孔的;蜂窝状cellulose [ˈseljuləʊs]n.细胞膜质,纤维素;(用于制作涂料、漆等的)纤维素化合物centigrade [ˈsentɪgreɪd]adj.百分度的;摄氏的;摄氏温度计的n.摄氏centrifuge [ˈsentrɪfju:dʒ]n.离心机vt.使离心,以离心机分离cephalic [sɪˈfælɪk]adj.头盖的,在头部的cerebellum [ˌserəˈbeləm]n.小脑cerebral [ˈserəbrəl]adj.大脑的;脑的;理智的;非感情方面的cerebrum [səˈri:brəm] n.<解> 大脑cervix [ˈsɜ:vɪks]n.子宫颈;颈部chemotherapy [ˌki:məʊˈθerəpi]n.<医> 化学疗法;化疗chickenpox [ˈtʃɪkɪnpɒks]n.水痘chloride [ˈklɔ:raɪd]n.氯化物;〈口〉漂白粉chlorine [ˈklɔ:ri:n]n.[化]氯chlorophyl ['klɒrəfɪl]n.叶绿素choke [tʃəʊk]vt.& vi.阻止,扼止;填塞;使窒息;哽咽n.窒息,哽咽;拥塞;(车辆发动机的)阻风门cholesterol [kəˈlestərɒl]n.胆固醇chromosome [ˈkrəʊməsəʊm]n.<生> 染色体chronic [ˈkrɒnɪk]adj.慢性的;长期的;习惯性的;痼chyme [kaɪm]n.半流体的消化物,食糜(食物经胃液消化后变成的浆状物)cilia ['sɪlɪə]n.睫,纤毛;睫毛,纤毛( cilium的名词复数) cinerary ['sɪnərərɪ]adj.骨灰的,放灰的circadian [sɜ:ˈkeɪdiən]adj.生理昼夜节奏的,生理节奏的(即大约每天一次的)circulate [ˈsɜ:kjəleɪt]vt.& vi.(使)循环;(使)流通;(使)流传;散布vi.传送,传递,传阅cirrhosis [səˈrəʊsɪs]n.[医] 肝硬化;硬变cleanse [klenz]vt.净化;使…清洁;清洗cleavage [ˈkli:vɪdʒ]n.分裂;[胚] 卵裂;乳沟cleave [kli:v]v.劈开;紧贴;迅速穿过;信守cleft [kleft]n.裂缝;裂口;cleave的过去式和过去分词;进退维谷v.劈开,剁开,割开( cleave的过去式和过去分词) clog [klɒg]n.木底鞋;障碍v.阻碍;堵塞clone [kləʊn]n.(动植物的)克隆;无性繁殖系;复制人(或动植物);(不动脑筋)机械行事的人,机器人vt.& vi.克隆,(使某物)无性繁殖;把…培养为纯种细胞;复制closure [ˈkləʊʒə(r)]n.(永久的)停业,关闭;结束;[电]闭合;[数]闭包vt.使结束,使终止;使停止辩论clot [klɒt]vt.& vi.凝结;拥塞n.凝块;(人,动物等的)聚集clump [klʌmp]n.丛;笨重的脚步声;土块vt.使成一丛;凝结成块coagulate [kəʊˈægjuleɪt]vt.& vi.凝固;使结块,使变稠adj.[废语]凝固的,凝结的,凝聚的cocaine [kəʊˈkeɪn]n.[药] 可卡因;古柯碱coccus ['kɒkəs]n.小干果,球菌colic [ˈkɒlɪk]n.绞痛,疝痛,疝气colitis [kəˈlaɪtɪs]n.大肠炎collagen [ˈkɒlədʒən]n.[生化]胶原蛋白;胶原质colon [ˈkəʊlən]n.冒号;解结肠;科郎(哥斯达黎加货币单位)colony [ˈkɒləni]n.侨民;侨居地;聚居地;聚居人群coma [ˈkəʊmə]n.[医] 昏迷;怠惰,麻木;天(彗星的)彗发complexion [kəmˈplekʃn]n.肤色,面色,气色;形式,局面complication [ˌkɒmplɪˈkeɪʃn]n.[医]并发症;错杂,纠纷;混乱,精神错乱compound [ˈkɒmpaʊnd] n.场地;复合物;(筑有围墙的)院子;复合词vt.调和;使混合;使严重;调停adj.复合;[语法学](句子)复合的;合成的;多功能的vi.妥协;和解;达成协议;(通过妥协)解决债务、主权等concentration [ˌkɒnsnˈtreɪʃn]n.集中;专心;关注;浓度conception [kənˈsepʃn]n.受精,怀孕;胚胎;概念;设想,构想condenser [kənˈdensə(r)]n.冷凝器;(尤指汽车发动机内的)电容器conductivity [ˌkɒndʌk'tɪvətɪ]n.传导性,传导率,电导率conduit [ˈkɒndjuɪt]n.[电]导管;水道,沟渠cone [kəʊn]n.圆锥体;球果;圆锥形东西vt.使成锥形congenital [kənˈdʒenɪtl]adj.先天的,天生的;先天性congest [kən'dʒest]vt.充满,拥挤congestion [kənˈdʒestʃən]n.拥挤,堵车;阻塞;充血;(人口)过剩,稠密conscious [ˈkɒnʃəs]adj.有意识的,神志清醒的;自觉的,有意的;(痛苦,感情,冷气等)感觉得到的;同“self-conscious “consensus [kənˈsensəs]n.一致;舆论;一致同意,合意constipation [ˌkɒnstɪˈpeɪʃn]n.[医] 便秘;受限制constitution [ˌkɒnstɪˈtju:ʃn]n.建立,组成;体格;构成方式;宪法constrict [kənˈstrɪkt]vt.压缩,压紧;妨害,阻碍;收缩;挤压vi.变得收缩consult [kənˈsʌlt]vi.商议,商量;[医]会诊;咨询;充当顾问vt.请教;翻阅;求教于;顾及consumption [kənˈsʌmpʃn]n.消费;肺病;耗尽;[医学]消耗性疾病contagious [kənˈteɪdʒəs]adj.有传染性的;传染病的;有感染力的;会蔓延的contaminate [kənˈtæmɪneɪt]vt.弄脏,污染;损害,毒害vi.玷污,毒害,腐蚀(人的思想或品德)adj.〈古〉污染的contamination [kənˌtæmɪ'neɪʃən]n.污染;弄脏;毒害;玷污continence [ˈkɒntɪnəns]n.自制,节制,禁欲;节欲contour [ˈkɒntʊə(r)]n.外形,轮廓;(地图上表示相同海拔各点的)等高线;概要;电路vt.画轮廓(等高线)adj.显示轮廓的contraceptive [ˌkɒntrəˈseptɪv]n.避孕用具;[药]避孕剂adj.避孕的,避孕用的contractile [kənˈtræktaɪl]adj.会缩的,有收缩性的contraindicate [ˌkɒntrəˈɪndɪkeɪt]v.显示(治疗或处置)不当contralateral [kɒntrə'lætərəl]adj.对侧的convalescent [ˌkɒnvəˈlesnt]adj.恢复(期)的,康复期的n.恢复期的病人convex [ˈkɒnveks]adj.凸的,凸面的;凸状;凸形convulsion [kənˈvʌlʃn]n.[医]抽搐;大笑;震动;动乱cornea [ˈkɔ:niə]n.眼角膜coronary [ˈkɒrənri]adj.冠的,花冠的,冠状的;冠状动脉或静脉的n.冠状动脉;(病理学)冠状动脉血栓形成corpse [kɔ:ps]n.死尸,尸体corpuscle [ˈkɔ:pʌsl]n.细胞,血球,小体corrosion [kə'rəʊʒn]n.腐蚀,侵蚀,锈蚀;受腐蚀的部位;衰败cosmetic [kɒzˈmetɪk]n.化妆品;美发油,发蜡;装饰品;美容术adj.化妆用的;美容的;装点门面的;表面的costal [ˈkɒstl]adj.肋的,前腺脉的cough [kɒf]vt.& vi.咳嗽;(引擎等)发噗噗声;咳出n.咳,咳嗽;咳嗽病;(机关枪等的)连续发射声cramp [kræmp]n.痛性痉挛,抽筋;(腹部)绞痛;夹子,扣钉;(制靴)弓状木vt.使痉挛,使抽筋;俚使扫兴;用夹子夹紧;限制,束缚adj.难懂的,难认的;受拘束的,狭窄的cranium [ˈkreɪniəm]n.头盖,头盖骨crutch [krʌtʃ]n.拐杖;支持物;精神上的寄托;胯部vt.支撑;支持cryotherapy [ˌkraɪəʊ'θerəpɪ]n.冷冻疗法CT (computerizedtomography)计算机断层扫描cube [kju:b]n.立方形,立方体;立方,三次幂;小房间vt.求…的立方;把(食物)切成小方块;测定…的体积cusp [kʌsp]n.尖头,尖端;滩嘴;歧点;牙齿cutaneous [kjuˈteɪniəs]adj.皮肤的,影响皮肤的cylinder [ˈsɪlɪndə(r)]n.圆筒,圆柱;汽缸;(尤指用作容器的)圆筒状物cyst [sɪst]n.[医]囊肿;囊,泡囊;膀胱;[植]包囊cytogenetics [ˌsaɪtəʊdʒə'netɪks]n.细胞遗传学cytology [saɪˈtɒlədʒi]n.细胞学Ddander ['dændə]n.怒火;怒气;激怒某人;头垢dandruff [ˈdændrʌf]n.头皮屑;头垢deactivate [ˌdi:ˈæktɪveɪt]vt.解除动员;使无效;复员;使不活动debilitate [dɪˈbɪlɪteɪt]vt.使虚弱;使衰弱debility [dɪˈbɪləti]n.衰弱decibel [ˈdesɪbel]n.物分贝deciliter(deciliter)分升(分升)decimal [ˈdesɪml]adj.十进位的,小数的n.小数decolourize [di:'kʌləraɪz]v.去色,漂白decompensate [di:'kɒmpenseɪt]vi.代谢失调decompose [ˌdi:kəmˈpəʊz]vt.& vi.分解;(使)腐烂defecate [ˈdefəkeɪt]v.澄清vt.排便deferent ['defərənt]adj.传送的,输出的;均轮defervescence [ˌdɪfə'vesəns]n.退热deficiency [dɪˈfɪʃnsi]n.缺乏,不足;缺点,缺陷;不足额deflate [dɪˈfleɪt]vt.放气;使缩小;紧缩(通货)vt.缩小;物价下降deflection [dɪˈflekʃn]n.偏斜,偏移,歪曲;偏斜度,偏角deform [dɪˈfɔ:m]vt.使变形;使残废;使变丑;毁伤…的形体vi.变形;变畸形adj.畸形的;丑陋的deformation [ˌdi:fɔ:ˈmeɪʃn]n.变形;[语]词的变形;[地]金属等(在压力作用下)变形;形态损伤,形状损毁degenerate [dɪˈdʒenəreɪt]adj.退化的;堕落的;变质的;变性的vt.使退化;恶化;使变质;衰减vi.退化;堕落n.堕落的人;腐化的人;精神变态者;退化的动物degradation [ˌdegrəˈdeɪʃn]n.堕落;潦倒;毁坏;恶化dehydration [ˌdi:haɪ'dreɪʃn]n.脱水;干燥,极度口渴;失水deleterious [ˌdeləˈtɪəriəs]adj.有害的;有毒delitescence [deɪlɪ'tesns]n.潜伏期;骤退deliver [dɪˈlɪvə(r)]vt.发表;递送;交付;使分娩vi.投递;传送dementia [dɪˈmenʃə]n.[医]痴呆dense [dens]adj.密集的,稠密的;浓密的,浓厚的;愚钝的density [ˈdensəti]n.密度;稠密,浓厚;[物]浓度,比重;愚钝dentist [ˈdentɪst]n.牙科医生denture ['dentʃə]n.(一副)假牙;托牙deodorant [diˈəʊdərənt]n.除臭剂,防臭剂adj.除臭的,防臭的depilate ['depɪleɪt]vt.去…的发,为…去毛deplete [dɪˈpli:t]vt.耗尽,用尽;使枯竭;[医]减液,放血vi.耗尽;减少,损耗depression [dɪˈpreʃn]n.萎靡不振,沮丧;下陷处,坑;衰弱;减缓depurate ['depjʊreɪt]v.(使)清洁,(使)净化derivation [ˌderɪˈveɪʃn]n.引出,导出;衍生,衍生物;[语]词源,派生;出处,由来,起源dermatitis [ˌdɜ:məˈtaɪtɪs]n.皮炎dermatology [ˌdɜ:məˈtɒlədʒi]n.皮肤病(学);皮肤科detergent [dɪˈtɜ:dʒənt]n.洗涤剂;去垢剂deteriorate [dɪˈtɪəriəreɪt]vt.使恶化vi.恶化,变坏detoxify [ˌdi:ˈtɒksɪfaɪ]vt.使解毒dextral ['dekstrəl]adj.右侧的,右旋的,用右手的diagnose [ˈdaɪəgnəʊz]vt.诊断;判断vi.做出诊断diagnosis [ˌdaɪəgˈnəʊsɪs]n.诊断;诊断结论;判断;结论diagram [ˈdaɪəgræm]n.图表;图解;示意图;[数]线图vt.用图表示;图解diameter [daɪˈæmɪtə(r)]n.直径,直径长;放大率diaper [ˈdaɪəpə(r)]n.尿布;菱形花格的麻或棉织物vt.包上尿布;用菱形花纹纺织或装饰diaphoresis [ˌdaɪəfə'ri:sɪs]n.发汗diaphragm [ˈdaɪəfræm]n.机隔板;解横隔膜;物光圈;快门adj.光圈的,隔膜的diarrhea [ˌdaɪə'rɪə]n.腹泻adj.腹泻的diastole [daɪˈæstəli]n.心脏舒张,心脏舒张期;心舒期diet [ˈdaɪət]n.日常饮食;规定饮食vt.& vi.(使)节制饮食vi.节食;进规定饮食diffuse [dɪˈfju:s]adj.四散的;散开的;冗长的;累赘的vi.传播;四散vt.漫射;发散;弥漫;舒缓digest [daɪˈdʒest]vt.& vi.消化;整理vt.吸收;领悟;玩味vi.消化;吸收食物;[化学]加热n.文摘;摘要;法律汇编;罗马法典dilate [daɪˈleɪt]vt.使扩大;详述;使膨胀;扩张vi.扩大;膨胀;详述dilute [daɪˈlu:t]vt.稀释,冲淡adj.稀释的,冲淡的dioxide [daɪˈɒksaɪd]n.[化]二氧化物dip [dɪp]vt.浸;(把烛芯浸在融蜡里)制造(蜡烛);把(汽车前灯)的远光调为近光;洗药水浴vt.& vi.(使)微降,(使)下沉;(使)向下再向上n.浏览;(通常指暂时的)减少;洗澡;倾斜vi.浸水;提取;(轻度或暂时地)减少;浏览disable [dɪsˈeɪbl]vt.使无能力;使残废,使伤残;使无资格;使不中用discharge [dɪsˈtʃɑ:dʒ]vt.下(客);卸船;免除(自己的义务、负担等);执行vt.& vi.放出;流出;开枪;发射n.(气体、液体如水从管子里)流出;排放出的物体vi.(船、飞机等)卸货;(颜料、墨水或染料等)化开;卸掉负担(或负载);下客disgorge [dɪsˈgɔ:dʒ]vt.吐出;呕吐;退出;倒出(食物、液体等)dishonour [dɪsˈɒnə(r)]n.不名誉;耻辱;丢脸;丢脸的人或事vt.使(人、家族等)丧失名誉;拒绝承兑(支票等);不履行(诺言等)disincentive [ˌdɪsɪnˈsentɪv]adj.妨碍活动的n.使受挫折的事物disinfect [ˌdɪsɪnˈfekt]vt.除去(感染),给…消毒disintegrate [dɪsˈɪntɪgreɪt]vt.使某物碎裂,崩裂;使某物衰微,瓦解,分崩离析vi.碎裂,崩裂;衰微,瓦解,分崩离析dislocation [ˌdɪslə'keɪʃn]n.[医]脱位,脱臼;[物]位错;混乱,紊乱;[地]断层disorder [dɪsˈɔ:də(r)]n.混乱,凌乱;动乱,骚乱;不正当行为;(身心机能的)失调vt.使混乱,使凌乱;扰乱;使(身心等)失调;使(神经等)错乱dispatch [dɪˈspætʃ]vt.派遣,调度;(迅速地)发出;迅速处理,迅速了结;处决(罪犯等)n.(使者等的)派遣;急件;迅速办理,快速处理;(记者发回的)新闻报道dispensary [dɪˈspensəri]n.医务室,药房dispense [dɪˈspens]vt.分配,分给;实施,施行;免除,豁免;配(药)vi.特许,豁免disposable [dɪˈspəʊzəbl]adj.一次性的,可任意处理的;用后就抛弃的;免洗的;可供使用的n.〈美口〉使用后随即抛掉的东西(尤指容器等)disrupt [dɪsˈrʌpt]vt.使混乱;使分裂,使瓦解;破坏;使中断adj.混乱的;分裂的,中断的;瓦解的dissect [dɪˈsekt]vt.解剖;仔细分析vi.进行解剖,进行详细分析disseminate [dɪˈsemɪneɪt]vt.散布,传播dissipate [ˈdɪsɪpeɪt]vt.驱散;使消散;浪费,挥霍;耗尽vi.消散;放荡,挥霍dissolve [dɪˈzɒlv]vt.使溶解;使(固态物)溶解为液体,使液化;使消失,使消逝,消除;使终止vi.溶解;融化,液化;解散,散去;分裂,分解distend [dɪˈstend]vt.& vi.(使)膨胀,肿胀distil [dɪˈstɪl]vt.蒸馏;从…提取精华;使渗出;用蒸馏法制造vi.蒸馏;提炼;渗出diverge [daɪˈvɜ:dʒ]vi.分开,叉开;分歧;偏离,背离;[数]发散,无极限vt.使发散;使偏离donate [dəʊˈneɪt]vt.& vi.(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠;献(血);捐(血);捐献(器官)n.捐赠;捐献donor [ˈdəʊnə(r)]n.捐赠者,[医]供血者,输血者;[医]供血者,输血者;[物]施主dorsum ['dɔ:səm]n.背(部);舌背dose [dəʊs]n.剂量,药量;(药的)一服,一剂;(处罚等)一回,一次,一番;(酒中的)配料,增味剂vi.服药vt.给药;给…服药;把(药等)配分剂量;在(酒)中加料drench [drentʃ]v.使湿透;给(牲畜)灌药;使充满,使洋溢n.弄湿;浸液dropsy [ˈdrɒpsi]n.水肿,浮肿,贿余drug [drʌg]n.药物;药剂;麻醉药;毒品vt.(在食物或饮料中)投放麻醉药,下麻醉药;掺麻醉药于;使服麻醉药;使服毒品vi.使服麻醉药,用药麻醉,使服兴奋剂drum [drʌm]n.鼓;鼓状物;鼓声;石首鱼vt.击鼓;连打;反复讲;鼓吹vi.击鼓;连打;拍翅duct [dʌkt]n.管,导管;(电线,电缆等的)管道vt.用导管输送;用管道供应due [dju:]adj.预定;适当的;应有的;由于n.应有的权利,应得到的东西;应缴款(如俱乐部会费)adv.直接地,直达地;[古语] 适当地duodenum [ˌdju:əˈdi:nəm]n.十二指肠dye [daɪ]n.染料,染色;颜色vt.染色;给…染色vi.染上或粘上(颜色)dynamics [daɪ'næmɪks]n.动力学、力学;(音乐中的)力度变化;力度强弱法;动态;动力( dynamic的名词复数);力学;力度;活力dysentery [ˈdɪsəntri]n.痢疾;脏毒dysfunction [dɪs'fʌŋkʃn]n.机能障碍,机能失调dyspepsia [dɪsˈpepsiə]n.消化不良dysplasia [dɪs'pleɪʒə]n.发育异常,发育不良,(由发育异常形成的)异常结构dyspnea [dɪs'pni:ə]n.呼吸困难dystrophy ['dɪstrəfɪ]n.营养不良Eecological [ˌi:kəˈlɒdʒɪkl]adj.生态(学)的ecology [iˈkɒlədʒi]n.生态学;社会生态学;个体生态学ectopic [ekˈtɒpɪk]adj.异位的,异常的eczema [ˈeksɪmə]n.[医]湿疹ECG (electrocardiogram) 心电图eddied [ˈedi:d]v.起漩涡,旋转( eddy的过去式和过去分词) EEG (electroencephalogram)n.脑电图efferent ['efərənt]adj.传出的n.输出管efficacy [ˈefɪkəsi]n.功效;效力;效验;生产率effluent [ˈefluənt]adj.发出的,流出的n.(注入河里等的)污水,工业废水;(从湖等)流出的水流effusion [ɪˈfju:ʒn]n.流出,喷出ejaculate [iˈdʒækjuleɪt]vt.突然说出;射出(液体)n.射出;突然的喊出;射出者;射出器elbow [ˈelbəu]n. 肘部;弯头,扶手;肘形管,弯管;vt. 用肘推挤(另一人或另一些人);用手肘推开; vi. 用肘推搡着前进;在拐角处转弯electrolyte [ɪˈlektrəlaɪt]n.[化] 电解液,电解质electron [ɪˈlektrɒn]n.电子electronic [ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk]adj.电子的;电子操纵的;用电子设备生产的;用电子设备完成的electronics [ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪks]n.电子学;电子学应用,电子器件;电子工业;电子流行音乐elongate [ˈi:lɒŋgeɪt]vt.延长,加长emaciate [ɪ'meɪʃɪeɪt]vt.使消瘦,使衰弱embed [ɪm'bed]vt.&vi.把…嵌入;栽种;深留(记忆中)embolism [ˈembəlɪzəm]n.加闰日,栓塞,栓子embolus [ˈembələs]n.栓子,栓塞物;内陷;内褶embryology [ˌembriˈɒlədʒi]n.胚胎学emphysema [ˌemfɪˈsi:mə]n.气肿,肺气肿enamel [ɪˈnæml]n.搪瓷;珐琅;指甲油vt.给…上珐琅;在…涂瓷漆encyst [en'sɪst]v.把…包在囊内,被包在囊内end [end]n.正结果;端;终止;最后部分vt.& vi.结束,终止endermic [en'dɜ:mɪk]adj.透过皮肤发生作用的,涂在皮肤上的,皮下的endocrine [ˈendəʊkrɪn]adj.内分泌(腺)的,激素的endoscope [ˈendəskəʊp]n.内窥镜endotoxin [ˌendəʊ'tɒksɪn]n.内毒素entail [ɪnˈteɪl]vt.牵涉;需要;使必要enumerate [ɪˈnju:məreɪt]vt.列举,枚举,数envelop [ɪnˈveləp]vt.包围,包住;笼罩,遮盖enzyme [ˈenzaɪm]n.[生化]酶epidemic [ˌepɪˈdemɪk]n.流行病;迅速的传播、生长或发展;风尚等的流行adj.流行性的;极为盛行的epidemiology [ˌepɪˌdi:miˈɒlədʒi]n.流行病学epilepsy [ˈepɪlepsi]n.[医]癫痫,羊痫疯epithelium [ˌepɪ'θi:lɪəm]n.上皮,上皮细胞erythrocyte [ɪˈrɪθrəsaɪt]n.红细胞;红血球esophagus [ɪ'sɒfəɡəs]n.食管,食道ether [ˈi:θə(r)]n.[化] 醚;the ether 苍穹;苍天;太空etiology [ˌi:tɪ'ɒlədʒɪ]n.病因学,病源论evaporate [ɪˈvæpəreɪt]vt.& vi.(使某物)蒸发掉vi.消失;发散气体;蒸发vt.使脱水;使蒸发;使挥发;使沉淀exanimate [ɪg'zænɪmɪt]adj.已死的,缺乏生气的exasperate [ɪgˈzæspəreɪt]vt.使恼怒;使恶化;使加剧excise [ˈeksaɪz]vt.切除,删去;向…征税;向…索取高价n.国内货物税,消费税;执照税;(英国的)国产税务局excrete [ɪkˈskri:t]vt.排除;排泄;分泌;排出execute [ˈeksɪkju:t]vt.执行;处死,处决;履行;完成exhalation [ˌekshə'leɪʃn]n.呼出;呼气;蒸发;发散物exhale [eksˈheɪl]vt.发散出;放出,放射;使蒸发;[医]渗出vi.呼气;放出;发散exotoxin [ˌeksəʊ'tɒksɪn]n.外毒素expectorate [ɪkˈspektəreɪt]v.咳出,吐痰expiration [ˌekspəˈreɪʃn]n.满期;截止;呼气;(气的)呼出exterior [ɪkˈstɪəriə(r)]n.外部,外面,表面,外形,外观;外貌;[影视]外景,[戏,影视]户外布景adj.外面的,外部的,外表上的,表面的exterminate [ɪkˈstɜ:mɪneɪt]vt.消灭;根除extremity [ɪkˈstreməti]n.端点;尽头;手和足;极窘迫的境地exudate ['eksəˌdeɪt]n.渗出物,分泌液eyebrow [ˈaɪbraʊ]n.眉毛v.为…描眉eyelid [ˈaɪlɪd]n.眼睑;眼皮eyesight [ˈaɪsaɪt]n.视觉,视力;见解,观察;眼力Ffabric [ˈfæbrɪk]n.织物;布;构造;(建筑物的)结构(如墙、地面、屋顶):质地fabricate [ˈfæbrɪkeɪt]vt.制造;装配;捏造failure [ˈfeɪljə(r)]n.失败,不及格;缺乏,不足;破产,倒闭;失败的事,失败者fat [fæt]adj.肥的;胖的;油腻的;丰满的n.脂肪;肥肉;(食用的)动植物油;(人体摄入的动植物)脂肪vt.养肥;在…中加入脂肪vi.长肥febrifuge ['febrɪfju:dʒ]n.解热药,退热药adj.退热的,解热的feces ['fi:si:z]n.粪,屎,渣滓;粪便feeble [ˈfi:bl]adj.虚弱的,衰弱的;无效的,无意的;缺乏决心的,缺乏活力的femur [ˈfi:mə(r)]n.股骨ferment [fəˈment]n.酶,酵素;发酵剂;骚动,动乱vt.& vi.使发酵;使骚动;酝酿ferrous [ˈferəs]adj.铁的,含铁的;[化学]亚铁的fetus ['fi:təs]n.胎,胎儿fever [ˈfi:və(r)]n.发热,发烧;热病;一时的狂热;激动不安vt.引起发热;使狂热;使患热病vi.发热或变得发热;狂热;患热病fibril ['faɪbrɪl]n.小纤维;纤丝;原纤维;根毛fibrosis [faɪ'brəʊsɪs]n.纤维化,纤维症filtrate [ˈfɪltreɪt]v.过滤,筛选n.滤出液finding [ˈfaɪndɪŋ]n.发现物;研究结果;调查(或研究)的结果;律(陪审团的)裁决v.发现( find的现在分词)fission [ˈfɪʃn]n.物(原子的)分裂,裂变;生分裂生殖fistula [ˈfɪstjʊlə]n.瘘,瘘管fixture [ˈfɪkstʃə(r)]n.(房屋等的)固定装置;[商]定期放款,定期存款;固定在某位置的人或物;(定期定点举行的)体育活动flaccid [ˈflæsɪd]adj.软弱的;无活力的;松弛的flag [flæg]n.旗;旗帜;信号旗;菖蒲vt.标示vi.疲乏,变弱,热情衰减flank [flæŋk]n.侧面;侧腹;侧边;侧翼vt.位于…之侧面;侧面有;守侧面;攻击侧面vi.侧面与…相接adv.在左右两边flea [fli:]n.跳蚤,蚤目的昆虫;生蚤的动物fleck [flek]n.斑纹,斑点;微粒vt.使有斑点;使形成条纹flesh [fleʃ]n.肉;肉体;果肉;皮肤v.用肉喂养;长胖flex [fleks]v.弯曲(关节);收缩(肌肉);显示力量n.弯曲;[电]花线flexibility [ˌfleksə'bɪlətɪ]n.柔韧性,机动性,灵活性;伸缩性;可塑度;柔度flora [ˈflɔ:rə]n.(某地区或某时期的)植物群;植物志;植物区系florid [ˈflɒrɪd]adj.红润的;华丽的;炫耀的;绚丽fluid [ˈflu:ɪd]n.液体,流体adj.流体的,流动的,流体的,液体的;易变的,不固定的;(动作、设计、音乐等)流畅优美的fluorescent [ˌflɔ:ˈresnt]adj.荧光的;发荧光的;(颜色、材料等)强烈反光的;发亮的n.美口荧光灯;日光灯fluoroscopy [ˌflʊə'rɒskəpɪ]n.荧光透视法,荧光镜试验forceps [ˈfɔ:seps]n.手术钳forefinger [ˈfɔ:fɪŋgə(r)]n.食指fracture [ˈfræktʃə(r)]vt.& vi.(使)折断,破碎n.破裂,断裂;骨折fragile [ˈfrædʒaɪl]adj.易碎的,脆的;虚弱的freckle [ˈfrekl]n.雀斑,斑点v.(使)生斑点,(使)生雀斑friction [ˈfrɪkʃn]n.摩擦;冲突,不和;摩擦力fulminant ['fu:lmənənt]adj.(疾病)暴发性的fulminate [ˈfʊlmɪneɪt]vt.强烈批评n.[化]雷酸盐,雷汞;烈性炸药function [ˈfʌŋkʃn]n.功能,作用;应变量,函数;职务;重大聚会vi.有或起作用;行使职责fungus [ˈfʌŋgəs]n.真菌;霉,霉菌;[医]海绵肿Ggalactic [gəˈlæktɪk]adj.银河的gale [geɪl]n.大风,暴风;(突发的)一阵;诗微风;[植]香杨梅gal [gæl]n.女孩,少女gallbladder ['gɔ:lˌblædə]n.胆囊gallstone [ˈgɔ:lstəʊn]n.胆(结)石ganglion [ˈgæŋgliən]n.神经节;力量(或精力、活动、兴趣等的)中心;腱鞘囊肿gangrene [ˈgæŋgri:n]n.坏疽vi.生坏疽;腐败vt.使生坏疽gastric [ˈgæstrɪk]adj.胃的;胃部的gastritis [gæˈstraɪtɪs]n.胃炎gastroenteritis [ˌɡæstrəʊˌentə'raɪtɪs]n.肠胃炎;胃肠炎gastrointestinal [ˌgæstrəʊɪnˈtestɪnl]adj.胃与肠的gastroscope ['gæstrəskəʊp]n.胃窥镜(用以检查胃内部情形),胃窥器;胃镜gauze [gɔ:z]n.纱布(包扎伤口用);薄纱;纱网;(金属丝制的)网纱gear [gɪə(r)]n.齿轮;装置,工具;传动装置vi.接上;调和vt.使适应;装上齿轮;用齿轮连接gel [dʒel]n.凝胶,冻胶;定型发胶vi.形成胶体;胶化gelatin [ˈdʒelətɪn]n.凝胶,白明胶gene [dʒi:n]n.[生] 基因;遗传因子genetic [dʒəˈnetɪk]adj.遗传的;基因的;起源的,起因的;演变的genital [ˈdʒenɪtl]adj.[医]生殖的,生殖器的n.生殖器,外阴部genus [ˈdʒi:nəs]n.(动植物的)属;类;种;型geriatric [ˌdʒeriˈætrɪk]adj.老年医学的,老年病学的;老人的,老年的n.衰老老人,老年人;老年病人germ [dʒɜ:m]n.[生]幼芽,胚芽;微生物;起源,萌芽germinate [ˈdʒɜ:mɪneɪt]vt.使发芽;使发育;使发展vi.发芽;生长;发育gerontology [ˌdʒerɒnˈtɒlədʒi]n.老年医学,老人学giddy [ˈgɪdi]adj.头晕的;眼花的;轻浮的,轻佻的;轻狂的vt.& vi.使眩晕;使眼花ginger [ˈdʒɪndʒə(r)]n.姜,生姜;姜黄色;精力,活力adj.姜黄色的vt.使有活力,使兴奋;用姜给…调味gland [glænd]n.[解] 腺;[机]密封压盖,填料盖globular [ˈglɒbjələ(r)]adj.球状的;球形;球粒状globule [ˈglɒbju:l]n.小球,水珠globulin ['glɒbjʊlɪn]n.血球素,球蛋白glossal ['glɔ:səl]adj.舌的glossitis [glɒ'saɪtɪs]n.舌炎glories [ˈɡlɔ:riz]n.光荣( glory的名词复数);美丽;(对上帝的)赞颂;非常美的事物glue [glu:]vt.胶合;紧附于n.胶水;胶粘物;粘聚力glycogen ['glɪkəʊdʒen]n.肝糖,糖原质;糖元;牲粉glycosuria [ˌglaɪkəʊ'sjʊərɪə]n.糖尿goiter ['ɡɔɪtər]甲状腺肿gonad [ˈgəʊnæd]n.性腺,生殖腺gorge [gɔ:dʒ]n.山峡,峡谷;咽喉;暴食;障碍物vt.使吃饱;吞下;使扩张vi.狼吞虎咽,拚命吃graft [grɑ:ft]n.移植;嫁接;渎职;贪污,受贿vt.移植;嫁接,接枝;贪污;用嫁接法种植vi.移植;贪污;受贿;嫁接crammer [ˈkræmə(r)]n.填鸭式主义的教师,谎言gram negative [ɡræm ˈneɡətiv]革兰阴性的gram positive革兰氏(染色)阳性granule [ˈgrænju:l]n.小颗粒,小硬粒gravity [ˈgrævəti]n.重力;万有引力,地心引力;重要性,严重性;严肃,庄重groove [gru:v]n.沟,槽;[俚语]常规,老套:确定的规范;[俚语]理想状况;[俚语]非常愉快的经历vt.刻沟,刻槽vi.极其快乐,极其满意,过得快活;受愉快的刺激影响;投合,契合gut [gʌt]n.勇气;内脏;直觉;肠adj.本能的,直觉的vt.毁坏(建筑物等)的内部;取出…的内脏gynecology [ˌgaɪnɪ'kɒlədʒɪ]n.妇科医学Hhalitosis [ˌhælɪˈtəʊsɪs]n.美口臭hallucination [həˌlu:sɪˈneɪʃn]n.幻觉,幻想;错觉hatch [hætʃ] vt.& vi.孵化;孵出,破壳而出vt.秘密策划,(尤指)密谋;使(小鸟、小鱼、小虫等)孵出n.(船甲板或飞机底部装货物的)舱口;开口;(飞机或宇宙飞船的)舱门;(尤指厨房和餐厅之间供传递食物的)两室之间的小窗口harbour ['hɑ:bə(r)]n.海港,港口;港湾;避难所;藏身处vt.&vi.隐匿;怀着;包含,聚藏;藏有na.“harbor“的变体heatstroke [ˈhi:tstrəʊk]n.中暑hematology [ˌhi:mə'tɒlədʒɪ]n.血液学hematoma [ˌhi:mə'təʊmə]n.血肿hematuria [ˌhi:mə'tju:rɪə]n.血尿症,血尿;尿血heme [hi:m]n.亚铁血红素;缝边heine [ˈhainə]海涅(Heinrich,1797-1856,德国诗人) hemiplegia [ˌhemɪ'pli:dʒɪə]n.偏瘫,半身麻痹,半身不遂;风痱;偏废不仁hemisphere [ˈhemɪsfɪə(r)]n.半球;地球的半球;[解]大脑半球hemoglobin [ˌhi:məʊ'gləʊbɪn]n.血红素;血红蛋白hemolysis [hɪ'mɒlɪsɪs]n.溶血hemoptysis [hɪ'mɒptəsɪs]n.咳血,咯血hemorrhoid [ˌhemə'rɔɪd]n.[医] 痔疮;俚很难相处的人,招怨的人hemostasis [ˌhi:mə'steɪsɪs]n.止血,止血法hepatic [hɪˈpætɪk]adj.肝脏的,治肝病的,肝脏色的hepatosis [hepə'təʊsɪs]n.肝机能病,肝机能障碍herb [hɜ:b]n.草,草本植物;药草,香草;牧草herpes [ˈhɜ:pi:z]n.[医]疱疹hiatus [haɪˈeɪtəs]n.裂隙;缺漏;脱漏;间断histology [hɪˈstɒlədʒi]n.[生] 组织学homogeneous [ˌhɔməˈdʒi:njəs]adj. 同性质的,同类的;由相同(或同类型)事物(或人)组成的;均匀的;[数]齐性的,齐次的hovercraft [ˈhɒvəkrɑ:ft]n.气垫船homotransplant [həʊmətræns'plɑ:nt]n.自体移植物,同种移植物hormone [ˈhɔ:məʊn]n.荷尔蒙;激素humid [ˈhju:mɪd]adj.潮湿的;湿气重的;湿润的;温湿humidity [hju:ˈmɪdəti]n.(空气中的)湿度;潮湿,高温潮湿;湿热;[物]湿度hyaline ['haɪəlɪn]adj.透明的n.玻璃质hydration [haɪ'dreɪʃn]n.水合,水合作用;水化hydraulic [haɪˈdrɔ:lɪk]adj.水力的,水压的;用水发动的;[建]水硬的;水力学的hydrocarbon [ˌhaɪdrəˈkɑ:bən]n.[化] 碳氢化合物,烃hydrogen [ˈhaɪdrədʒən]n.[化] 氢hydrolysis [haɪˈdrɒlɪsɪs]n.水解hydrophobia [ˌhaɪdrəˈfəʊbiə]n.狂犬病,恐水病hydropic [haɪ'drɒpɪk]adj.水肿的hydrotherapy [ˌhaɪdrəʊˈθerəpi]n.水治疗法;水疗;水疗法hagglern.很会砍价的人hyperacid [haɪpə(:)'ræsɪd]adj.酸过多的,胃酸过多的hyperactivity [ˌhaɪpəræk'tɪvətɪ] n.活动过度,极度活跃hyperplasia [ˌhaɪpə'pleɪʒə]n.增生,数量性肥大hypnosis [hɪpˈnəʊsɪs]n.催眠,催眠状态,催眠术hypnotherapy [ˌhɪpnəʊˈθerəpi]n.催眠术疗法hypoplasia [ˌhaɪpə'pleɪʒə]n.(器官、组织等)发育不全,细胞减生hypertension [ˌhaɪpəˈtenʃn]n.高血压;过度紧张hypothetical [ˌhaɪpəˈθetɪkl]adj.假设的,假定的;有前提的;爱猜想的;假想hysteria [hɪˈstɪəriə]n.[医]癔病;(特指女人的)歇斯底里;病态兴奋;脏躁Iicteric [ɪk'terɪk]adj.黄疸的idiopathic [ˌɪdɪə'pæθɪk]adj.[医] 特发的,突发性的;先天的ileocecal [ɪlɪəʊ'si:kəl]adj.回盲的ileum [ˈɪliəm]n.回肠ileus ['ɪlɪəs]n.肠梗阻imbalance [ɪmˈbæləns]n.不平衡;不安定;失调imbibe [ɪmˈbaɪb]vt.吸收;喝;吸取;吸气immune [ɪˈmju:n]adj.免疫的;有免疫力的;不受影响的;免除…的immunize [ˈɪmjunaɪz]vt.使免疫;使免除immunodeficiency [ɪˌmju:nəʊdɪˈfɪʃnsi]n.免疫缺陷immunology [ˌɪmjuˈnɒlədʒi]n.免疫学immunotherapy [ɪ'mju:nəʊ'θerəpɪ]n.免疫疗法impair [ɪmˈpeə(r)]vt.损害,削弱implant [ɪmˈplɑ:nt]n.[医]移植物,植入管;移植的组织vt.移植;灌输;植入,插入vi.(受精卵)着床;被移植inactivate [ɪn'æktɪveɪt]v.使不活泼,阻止活动inappetence [ɪn'æpɪtəns]n.食欲不振,欲望缺失inborn [ˌɪnˈbɔ:n]adj.天生的,先天的,固有的incitant [ɪn'saɪtənt]n.刺激,兴奋剂adj.刺激的,兴奋的incontinence [ɪnˈkɒntɪnəns]n.不能自制,无节制,失禁incoordinate [ˌɪnkəʊ'ɔ:dɪnɪt]adj.不配合的,不等同的incubate [ˈɪŋkjubeɪt]vt.孵化;培育vt.& vi.孵(卵);医潜伏;逐渐形成;潜伏在体内incurable [ɪnˈkjʊərəbl]adj.无法治愈的;无法改变的;不能矫正的n.医不好的病人indication [ˌɪndɪˈkeɪʃn]n.指示;象征;表明;标示indigestion [ˌɪndɪˈdʒestʃən]n.[医]消化不良,胃弱;杂乱;生硬,难理解;不消化induce [ɪnˈdju:s]vt.引诱;引起;[电]感应;归纳inefficacious [ˌɪnefɪ'keɪʃəs]adj.无效力的,无用的inertia [ɪˈnɜ:ʃə]n.物惯性,惰性;迟钝;不活动infarct [ɪn'fɑ:kt]n.梗塞,梗死infection [ɪnˈfekʃn]n.[医] 传染,感染;传染病,染毒物;影响infectious [ɪnˈfekʃəs]adj.传染的;有传染性的;易传染的;有感染力的infertile [ɪnˈfɜ:taɪl]adj.不能生育的,不结果实的;贫瘠的,不毛的infest [ɪnˈfest]vt.大批出没,成群出现;在…上寄生,寄生于;骚扰infiltrate [ˈɪnfɪltreɪt]vt.& vi.(使)渗透,(使)渗入;(使)潜入n.渗透物inflammation [ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃn]n.[医]炎症;燃烧;发火inflammatory [ɪnˈflæmətri]adj.令人激动的;有煽动性的;炎性的,发炎的influenza [ˌɪnfluˈenzə]n.[医] 流行性感冒;[兽医]家畜流行性感冒;流感infrared [ˌɪnfrəˈred]adj.物红外线的n.红外线infuse [ɪnˈfju:z]vt.灌输,加入(一种特性);使充满;浸渍;鼓舞,激发vi.沏(茶),泡(草药)ingest [ɪnˈdʒest]vt.咽下;获取(某事物);吸收;接待ingredient [inˈɡri:djənt]n. (混合物的)组成部分;(烹调的)原料;(构成)要素;因素inhibit [ɪnˈhɪbɪt]v.抑制;禁止inject [ɪnˈdʒekt]vt.(给…)注射(药物等);(给…)注射(液体);(给…)添加;(给…)投入(资金)injection [ɪnˈdʒekʃn]n.注射;注射剂;[医]充血;(卫星等的)入轨innate [ɪˈneɪt]adj.天生的;特有的,固有的;内在的,直觉的innocuous [ɪˈnɒkjuəs]adj.无害的;平淡无味的innutrition [ˌɪnju:'trɪʃən]n.营养不良inoculate [ɪˈnɒkjuleɪt]vt.给…做预防注射inoperable [ɪnˈɒpərəbl]adj.手术不能治愈的inorganic [ˌɪnɔ:ˈgænɪk]adj.[化]无机的;无组织结构的;无生物的;无活力的insane [ɪnˈseɪn]adj.疯狂的;精神病的;非常愚蠢的insanitary [ɪnˈsænətri]。
2023年医学考博专业相关词汇整理1. 医院相关词汇children's hospital 儿童医院general hospital, polyclinic 综合医院maternity hospital 产科医院mental hospital, mental home 精神病院obstetrics and gynecology hospital 妇产医院plastic surgery hospital 整形外科医院stomatological hospital 口腔医院tuberculosis hospital 结核病医院tumor hospital 肿瘤医院clinic 诊疗所first-aid station 急救站polyclinic 联合诊疗所quarantine station 防疫站rest home 休养所sanatorium 疗养院department 科室specialized hospital 专科医院general hospital 普通医院community hospital 社区医院public hospital 公立医院private hospital 私立医院conventional clinic treatment 普通门诊ward 病房medical team 医疗队medical department 内科surgical department 外科anesthesiology department 麻醉科cardiology department 心脏病科dental department 牙科dermatology department 皮肤科department of cardiac surgery 心脏外科department of cerebral surgery 胸外科general surgery 普通外科neurology department 神经科neurosurgery department 精神外科obstetrics and gynecology department 妇产科ophthalmology department 眼科orthopedic surgery department 矫形外科orthopedics department 骨科otolaryngological department 耳鼻喉科pediatrics department 小儿科pathology department 病理科plastic surgery 整形外科psychiatry department 精神病科thoracic surgery department 脑外科traumatology department 创伤外科urology department 泌尿科X-ray department 放射科registration office 挂号处out-patient department, OPD 门诊部in-patient department 住院部nursing department 护理部consulting room 诊室waiting room 候诊室admitting office 住院处emergency room 急诊室operation room, operation theatre 手术室laboratory 化验室blood bank 血库pharmacy, dispensary 药房ward 病房medical ward 内科病房surgical ward 外科病房maternity ward 产科病房isolation ward 隔离病房observation ward 观测室hospital bed 病床staff 人员2. 医疗人员职衔职称physician/internist 内科医生oculist/eye doctor 眼科医生surgeon 外科医生general practitioner 全科医生clinician 临床医生dentist 牙科医生orthopedist 骨科医生anesthetist 麻醉师gynecologist 妇科医生dermatologist 皮肤科医生obstetrician 产科医生pediatrician 儿科医生psychologist 心理医生dietician 营养科医生pharmacist 药剂医生family doctor 家庭医生director of the hospital 院长chief of … / professor 主任医生attending/visiting doctor 主治医生resident doctor 住院医生intern doctor 实习医生chief of pharmacy 主任药师associate chief of pharmacy 副主任药师pharmacist-in-charge 主管药师head nurse 护士长nurse-in-charge 主管护士student nurse 实习护士3. 药物词汇drug therapy 药物治疗medicinal herbs 药用草药tablet 药片pill 药丸capsule 胶囊drug therapy 药物治疗side effects 副反映drug abuse 药物滥用drugstore 药房over the counter (OTC) 非处方药drug allergy 药物过敏drug poisoning 药物中毒prescription 处方expenses for medicine 药费charges for medicine 医药费drug rebate 药品回扣penicillin 盘尼西林aspirin 阿司匹林vitamin 维他命antibiotic 抗生素medication 药物gauze 纱布eye drops 眼药pad 药棉块syrup 糖浆mixture 合剂drop 滴剂powder 药粉ointment 药膏stethoscope 听诊器syringe 注射器4. 症状相关词汇symptom 病症have a cold 感冒have a cough 咳嗽have a sore throat 嗓子痛have a stomachache 胃痛have a toothache 牙痛have a fever 发热have a stuffed nose 鼻子不通flu 流感asthma 哮喘pneumonia 肺炎hypertension 高血压diabetes 糖尿病allergy 过敏feel dizzy 头晕stiff 僵硬的twisted/sprained 扭伤的twinge 刺痛sneeze 打喷嚏hiccup 打嗝vomit 呕吐sick 恶心swelling 肿胀bump 肿块ulcer 溃疡infect 传染cramp 痉挛paralysis 麻痹,瘫痪,无能力high fever 高烧chills 发冷sweats 发汗night sweats 盗汗tiredness / fatigue 倦怠insomnia 失眠stiffness in shoulder 肩头发硬sneeze 打喷嚏hiccup 打嗝itch 痒low back pain 腰疼headache 头疼pain (ache) 痛acute pain 急性疼痛severe pain 激痛dull pain 钝痛pressing pain 压痛sharp pain 刺痛piercing pain 戳痛throbbing pain 一跳一跳地痛prickling pain 针扎似的痛burning pain 烧痛tearing pain 裂痛continuous pain 连续痛uncomfortable 不舒适colic 绞痛radiating pain 放射痛sore pain 溃烂痛crampy pain 痉挛痛persistent pain 顽痛slight pain 轻痛bloody urine 血尿blood analysis 验血red cell 红血球white cell 白血球respiration rate 呼吸数expiration 呼气inspiration 吸气difficulty in breathing 呼吸困难irregular pulse 不规则脉搏cloudy urine 尿浑浊glucosuria 糖尿thin, skinny 瘦fat, obese 肥5. 医疗手段medical treatmentsmedical treatment 医疗medical instruments 医疗器械diagnose (v) 诊断(n) diagnosis prevent (v) 防止sterilize (v) 消毒administrate a drug 开药prevent and treat disease (v) 防治疾病TCM 中医chemotherapy 化疗radioactive therapy 放疗medical service 医疗服务complain of (v) 主述health checkup 健康普查diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗consult the doctor(v) 征询remedy 治疗法anesthetic 麻醉剂local anesthetic 局麻general anesthetic 全麻incidence 发生率mortality 死亡率fatality 致命性morbidity 发病率stethoscope 听诊器first aid 急救therapy 疗法anesthesia 麻醉bandage 扎上绷带dress 包扎diagnosis 诊断discharge from hospital 退院case history 病历admission to hospital 入院soothe 安慰、缓和recover 复原、痊愈X-ray X线MRI 磁共振成像feel one's pulse 测脉搏take one's blood pressure 量血压take one's temperature 量体温give a prescription 开药make up a prescription 配药take medicine/take pills 吃药get an injection/have an injection/打针operation 外科手术transplant 移植手术have an operation 动手术be admitted to hospital入院be discharged from hospital出院6. 医疗体制medical systemhealthcare system 医疗体制medical disputes 医疗纠纷medical accident 医疗事故doctor-patient relationship 医患关系medical insurance system 医疗保险体系medical aid fund 医疗救助基金7. 医德medical ethicsmedical ethics 医德patient-oriented 以病人为核心humanistic 人道主义的compassionate 富于同情性的considerate 体贴周到的resolute 果断的service quality 服务质量7. 各类疾病词汇肺炎pneumonia肝炎hepatitis脑膜炎brain fever/meningitis 膀胱炎cystitis急性胃炎acute gastritis胃炎gastritis支气管炎bronchitis阑尾炎appendicitis胃肠炎gastroenteritis 乳腺炎mastitis肿瘤tumor禽流感bird flu/avian influenza非典SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)疯牛病mad cow disease黑死病black death白血病leukemia爱滋病AIDS (Acquired ImmuneDeficiency Syndrome)流感influenza白内障cataract狂犬病rabies中风stroke冠心病coronary heart disease 糖尿病diabetes肺癌lung cancer肝癌liver cancer肺结核pulmonary tuberculosis 慢性病chronic disease急性病acute disease肺气肿emphysema胃癌cancer of stomach胃病stomach trouble心脏病heart disease并发症complications 高血压hypertension肾病kidney problem糖尿病diabetes肥胖obesity绝症terminal illness不治之症incurable illness癌症初期cancer of early stage癌症晚期cancer of late stage急症emergency case重症serious illness疑难病difficult and complicated cases短气short breath综合症syndrome病程process近视short-sighted (adj)传染病infectious diseases8. 心理健康词汇sub-health 亚健康psychological benefits 心理健康psychological problem 心理问题psychological consultation 心理征询psychological obstacles 心理障碍mental obstacles 心理障碍psychological massage 心理按摩psychology 心理学/ 心理psychotherapy 心理治疗psychological expert 心理专家questionnaire 问卷调查overcome 客服frustration 挫折willpower 意志力、毅力optimism 乐观optimistic 乐观的be sensitive to 对…敏感nervous 神经的stress / pressure / tension 紧张depress / depressed / depression沮丧、抑郁anti-depression drugs 抗抑郁药9. 饮食,营养与健康nutrient 营养素protein 蛋白质fat 脂肪glucose 葡萄糖vitamin 维生素sugar 糖类heat calories quantity of heat 热量carbohydrate 碳水化合物soft beverage 软饮料cholesterol 胆固醇a well-balanced diet 均衡饮食nutrition 营养nutritional 营养的nutritious 有营养的nutritionist 营养学家malnutrition 营养失调metabolism 物质代谢fat free food 无脂食品the prepared food 熟食grain 谷物food shortages 食品短缺breakfast lunch supper 一日三餐imbalance (n) unbalance (a) 失衡10. 生活习惯,运动与健康life-style 生活习惯disorder of body and mind 身心失衡physical and mental disorder 身体/心理失衡quick/high tempo of life 快节奏的生活be accustomed to sth. 习惯…ample sleep 充足的睡眠relax oneself 自我放松physical exercises 体育锻炼entertainment 娱乐sustain the exercise habit 保持锻炼习惯constitution 体质hormone 激素sub-health 亚健康resist mutation 防癌immunomodulator 免疫调节剂enthusiasm 热情11. 听力中的医学词汇ambulance n.救护车belly n.肚,腹部bellyache n.腹痛belly—button n.脐bile n.胆汁bladder n.囊,膀胱.bosom n.胸;内心;胸bowel n.肠;内部cardiogram n.心电图casualty n.伤亡事故;伤亡人员chamber n.议院;腔,心室chemotherapy n.化疗chromosome n.染色体chronic a.慢性的,长期的clone v.克隆cocaine n.可卡因coma n.昏迷constipation n.便秘contaminate v.弄脏,污染cramp n.夹,钳;痉挛,绞痛deficiency n.缺少;营养缺少症diarrhea n.腹泻carbondioxide n.二氧化碳disinfect v.杀菌,消毒drowsy a.昏昏欲睡的;催眠的dysfunction n.功能障碍,功能不良fragrance n.芬芳;香味;香气gastric a.胃的gastritis n.胃炎hepatitis n.肝炎hormone n.荷尔蒙,激素hospitalize v.使住院hypertension n.高血压immunodeficiency n.免疫缺陷;免疫缺损infectious a.传染的,传染性的inpatient n,住院病人insane a.精神错乱的;精神病的inspection n.检查,检查;审查inspire v.使……产生灵感;鼓舞lethal a.致死的,致命的malfunction n.故障;功能碍障medicinal a.药的;药用的;台疗的morphine n.吗啡nausea n.恶心;晕船obesity n.肥胖症scalpel n.手术刀scan v.扫描;审阅;浏览suicide n./v.自杀vaccinate v.接种;种牛痘ward n.看护,监护;病房;监房12. 其他词汇wholesome 有益健康的hygiene 卫生to get vaccinated 接种sick person, patient 病员,患者sickly 多病ailment, complaint 疾病unwell, indisposed 不适的ulcer 溃疡wound 创伤,伤口lesion 损害injury 损伤rash, eruption疹spot 点,斑pimple 丘疹,小疮blackhead 黑头粉刺blister 水疱scab, boil痂scar 癜痕wart 疣,肉赘callus, callosity 胼胝corn 鸡眼chilblain冻疮bruise 挫伤bump 肿块swelling 肿胀contusion 挫伤sprain, twist扭伤fracture 骨折case 病例incubation 潜伏epidemic 流行病fever 热attack, access, fit发作coughing fit咳嗽发作to take to one’s bed 卧床faint 晕厥dizziness 眩晕to feel sick 恶心to lose consciousness 失去知觉concussion 震荡coma 昏迷diet 饮食treatment 疗法to get better, to improve 好转cure 治愈relapse 复发。
医学考博英语作文必背20个万能句本文将详细的为医学考博生们解析如何变通的将医学考博英语作文必背的20个万能句,应用于医学考博英语作文各类题目中。
考试的时候肯定不可能考到一模一样的句子,那这20个句子到底怎么用?方法如下:例一:According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking。
根据最近的一项调查,每年有4,000,000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。
这是一个中英文对照的例句,在这个句子中,我们能提炼出这样一个结构:According to a recent survey, ________ people die each year from diseases linked to _________。
最近一项调查显示,每年有多少多少人死于和什么什么有关的疾病。
OK,你现在要做的,就是把这个句子背下来,然后考试的时候,只要涉及到“根据一项调查”、“有调查表明”、“有调查发现",我们就可以把这个句子卖弄出来。
横线上根据具体内容往上填就行了。
比如说,考试时候如果你想表达:“根据一项调查,中国每年有20万人死于和肥胖有关的疾病.”,那我们就可以淡定从容地写道:According to a recent survey, 200,000 people die each year form diseases liked to obesity in China.这样的句子简洁、规范、漂亮,是不是比你自己吭哧半天才好不容易挤出来的句子强?例二:When it comes to a healthy diet, nutritionists believe that the increasing consumption of vegetables and fruits can lower the risks of stroke and coronary heart disease。
全国医学博士英语统考词汇全国医学博士英语统考词汇全国医学博士外语统一考试实行国家医学考试中心与考点两级负责制。
考试的`考点设置在各招生单位、学位授予单位。
下面是店铺整理的医学博士英语词汇,欢迎阅读!e.(electron) 电子eagle's beak pliers 鹰嘴钳ear 耳ear air bag 耳用鼓气球,中耳鼓气球ear and mastoid chisel 耳乳突凿ear applicator 耳涂药器,耳卷棉子ear blown ballon 耳用鼓气球ear bone mallet 耳用骨锤ear bougie 耳探条ear brush 耳刷子ear channel 洗耳槽ear curette 耳刮匙ear curette and applicator 耳用刮匙和卷棉子ear cushion 助听垫ear dilating bougie 耳扩张探条ear dilator 耳内张开器ear drops 滴耳剂ear elevator 耳用起子ear forceps 耳钳ear foreign body forceps 耳异物钳ear gouge forceps 耳圆凿直钳ear hook 耳钩ear knife 耳刀ear lobe piercer 耳垂钻孔器ear loop 耳环,耳套圈ear mastoid curet 耳乳突刮匙ear mirror 耳镜ear model 耳模型ear oximeter 耳部血氧计ear periosteotome 耳用骨膜分离器earphone 耳机earphone jack 耳机塞孔earpick 挖耳勺ear piece 耳承,耳机,接耳管ear piece calibration filter 耳承定标滤波器ear piece control box 耳承控制盒ear plethysmograph 耳用体积描记仪ear plug 耳塞ear pneumatic speculum 打气窥耳器ear polypus forceps 耳息肉钳ear polypus scissors 耳息肉剪ear polypus snare 耳息肉圈断器warmer 加热器warming pan 加温锅warm stage 保温台(显微镜)warm-up 加热warm-water apparatus 水加温器warn 警报,预告warner 报警器warning 警告,警报warning light 报警信号灯warning unit 报警装置warp 弯曲、歪斜warranty 保证书,保单warranty hae expired 过保修期warranty period 质量保证期wash 清洗,洗涤wash-basin 洗手盆wash board 洗衣板wadh-doen closet 下冲式便桶washer ①清洗器,洗净器②垫片,垫圈washer-disinfector 清洗消毒器washer-dryer 清洗干燥器washer-extractor 洗涤脱水机。
医学博士英语常考及重难点词汇总结1. exacerbate(使)恶化,(使)加重;exasperate激怒,触怒=infuriate;2.imminent (通常指不愉快的事)即将发生的, 逼近的,临近的;eminent (人)知名的,受人尊崇的,良好品质,非凡的,杰出的3.be prone to/liable to=be susceptible to敏感的,易受影响的, 易感染的; =predispose sb to=be predisposed to; be subjected to 受到,经受,遭受.4.incredible 不可信的; incredulous 不轻信的; be suspected of 被怀疑5.make for:1).走向, 前往2).冲向, 向…猛扑3).有利于, 有助于, 促进6.momentous adj.重大的, 严重的;momentary 刹那间的,顷刻的,短暂的7.sentiment n.柔情,伤感,柔情,哀伤;sentimental adj.伤感的,充满柔情的,情感的(而非理性的);sensation n.感觉, 感受,直觉, 轰动;哗然;引起轰动的人(或事物)sensational adj. 轰动性的,引起哗然的,哗众取宠的;耸人听闻的8.plunder掠夺9.假的:pseudo,supposititious,dummy,feigned,bogus, false, fake;10.盗版piracy,pirated copy/version (of software, e.g.)反盗版:anti-pirate,fight against piracy;盗版问题Problem of Piracy12.娇惯pamper; coddle; spoil; 娇生惯养be spoiled; be spoiled and pampered13.毫不费力的,容易的effortless;不辞辛劳/不遗余力的painstaking,hardworking,y up(laid up)使卧床歇工;搁置不用:She's laid up with flu/ a broken leg.lay off解雇, 停止, 关闭, 休息;lay out设计,安排,陈列,花费,拟定;lay on猛打,安装,提供(饭食等),涂上(油漆等),征收, 放在…上;强调.15.analgesia痛觉缺失;止痛;16. airborne: 1).Carried by or through the air: airborne pollen.由空气传播的:空气传播的花粉症2).17.ambulant【医】(病人)可走动的,(治疗时)病人不需卧床的;流动的,移动的ambulance n.救护车18.puffiness n.膨胀,肿大;自傲,夸张;puff up使骄傲自大;吹捧,吹嘘; 肿胀19.sanitation:公共卫生,环境卫生,卫生设备20.syringe注射器, 注射筒,用注射器清洗; gauze薄纱,网纱,(医用)纱布21.交通阻塞traffic jam/congestion; traffic block22.freelance vi/adj/adv. 做自由职业者/工作,从事自由职业,自由职业(者)的; freelancer自由职业者,自由作家,自由记者23.bandage n.绷带vt.用绷带绑扎;24.inspection, palpation,percussion,auscultation视诊、触诊、叩诊、听25. bondage束缚,身体受束缚26.holistic medicine整体医学;wholesome 有益于健康的:wholesome food;27.sedentary adj.久坐的, 固定不动的;28.supine/lying face upward 仰卧的; prone/ prostrate/lying face down俯卧的;29.suntan n. 晒黑(的肤色);sunburn:晒伤;晒太阳过量而引起皮肤灼痛30.convex lens 凸透镜;concave lens凹透镜;contact lens隐形眼镜31.知识产权intellectual property right(s);32.节约、节俭thrift; economize; economy,thrifty; frugal; economical33.dwell on老是想着,唠叨,细看,凝视;dwell in住在(某地),保留, 存在34. defer v. 推迟, 延期;35.defer to尊重,顺从,服从;deference尊重,顺从,服从;deferent传送的,输出的36.justify证明…有理,为…辩护,对…作出解释,为…辩解(或辩护)。
医学考博英语词汇大纲1. Anatomy: the science that deals with the structure of living things2. Physiology: the science that deals with the functions of living things3. Pathology: the study of the nature and cause of diseases4. Pharmacology: the study of drugs and their effects5. Immunology: the study of the body's defense mechanisms against infection and disease6. Microbiology: the study of microscopic organisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi7. Epidemiology: the study of the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases in populations8. Radiology: the use of X-rays and other imaging techniques to diagnose and treat disease9. Surgery: the branch of medicine that deals with operations on the body and their effects10. Anesthesia: the use of drugs to induce a loss of sensation or consciousness during medical procedures11. Obstetrics: the branch of medicine that deals with childbirth and the care of women during and after pregnancy12. Gynecology: the branch of medicine that deals with the female reproductive system and its disorders13. Pediatrics: the branch of medicine that deals with the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents14. Internal medicine: the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting internal organs and systems15. Neurology: the branch of medicine that deals with the nervous system and its disorders16. Cardiology: the branch of medicine that deals with the heart and its disorders17. Endocrinology: the branch of medicine that deals with hormones and their effects on the body18. Oncology: the branch of medicine that deals with cancer and its treatment19. Psychiatry: the branch of medicine that deals with mental illness and its treatment20. Rehabilitation: the process of restoring function to a person who has been disabled by illness or injury.。
全国医学博士英语统考词组总表(精选)Aa matter of 几(分钟,里路,块钱等)的事;大约;左右;是个…的问题,事关…about to 即将;打算above all 首先;最重要的是absent from不在;缺席absorbed in 吸引;专心于…accountfor说明(原因);解释;占(多少)…adapt oneseff to使(某人)适应(某事);使适应add up(t0) 总计(达…);等于;意指;暗示adhere to粘附在…上;坚持;遵守;依附aa.iust t0调整以适应after all还是;终于;毕竟agree on/to/with同意;与…一致ahead 在…之前,超过,优于,胜于aim at瞄准;致力于…;旨在all but几乎,差点;除…之外的全部all over完全;遍及;到处;结束,完了all the way 一路,全程;一直;自始至终all the while一直地;始终all/just the same(to) 虽然;还是;都一样all the more更加,越发all the same尽管如此,仍旧allow for酌量;考虑到and so on/forth (用在列举之后)等等and vice versa反过来也一样anythin9/nothing but一点也不/只是;仅仅是anvthing but一点,也不,绝不是nothing but只是,只不过是apart from除了…;且不说…appeal to要求;上诉;引起…注意apply to对…适用;将…应用于;涂,抹,敷; (向某人)申请(某事);致力于approve of赞赏,同意;获准,认可arrive at到达(目的地);得出(结论) around the clock一连二十四小时around the corner在拐角处;即将到来as a matter of course当然,理所当然的(事) as a matter of fact事实上,实际上,其实as a result/consequence结果;因此as a(general)rule通常;照例;一般地as a whole整体上,从全局来看;全盘加以考虑as follows如下as for/to/regards至于,说到就…而言/关于as good as与…差不多;形同;实际上等于as.t is(was) 实际上;按照原样as it were似乎;实际上可以这么说;简直是;可谓as opposed to和…相反;与…相对比as well也…;和as well as也,和;既…又…as/so far as就…而言;至于;到…程度;在…范围内as/so long as只要ask after/for 问候,询问,探问/{青求;找某人;要求at a distance在一定距离;在稍远的地方at a stretch不休息地,一口气地at a time一次(几个),每次(几个)at(the)best/worst顶多,充其量也不过/最坏也就是at(alI)times总是;无论何时,一直at a loss不知所措at alI/any cost(s) 不惜一切代价at all events不管怎样,反正at any moment随时at any rate不管怎样;总而言之at first sight乍一看,一见就at hand不远,迫近,在手边at heart本性;本质上at intervals(0f) 不时,时时;每隔…at large一般的;普遍的;详尽地;在逃;逍遥自在地at(Iong)last最终;终于at leisure在空闲,闲着的;从容地,慢慢地at length终于;最后;详尽地,终于;at liberty自由,有权(做某事);闲着at(the)most/least至多,至少at once…and,·-同时;既…又…at present目前,现在at random随意地,漫无目的地at sixes and sevens乱七八糟,意见分歧at stake关系到…的得失;在危险中at that就这样;而且at sea茫然,不知所措at the mercy of 完全受…支配,昕命于at the risk of 冒…的危险at the start开始,开端,当初attach to附上;贴上;使隶属attend to处理,办理;照看,照料;注意,专心于Bback up支持;倒退back and forth来回地base on 根据;以…为基础be bent on(upon) 一心想做(某事)be better off处境更好;情况转好be bound to肯定,注定;一定要;决心be composed 0f 由…组成be concerned with关于…,与…有关;参与…be determined to 坚定;坚决;决心be fed up with/about对…厌烦了;讨厌be fit for适合be going to 即将;(计划要)做某事,想要be inclined to倾向于…;想要be obliged to(do) 被迫,不得不be obliged to 感谢be related to 与…相关的,同…有亲戚关系be,qet tired/sick 0f 对…失去兴趣;厌烦be/qet used/accustomed to 习惯于bear/keep in mind记住;牢记bear on~pon对…施加压力;与…有关;对…有影响become of发生…情况;…怎么啦;…的结局before Ionq很快;不久以后begin/start/end with以…开始;以…结束belong to属于blowout (使灭)熄灭;(轮胎)爆裂blow up炸毁;充气;放大(照片);勃然大怒boil/narrow down(t0) 压缩成;归结为;简化为…break down (机器)发生故障;(计划,谈判等)失败;分析;分解;破除;战胜;(感情)失控,(身体)垮了break in闯入;打断;训练;使驯服;使习惯于break into闯入;打断;突然开始…;突然…起来break out突然爆发;逃脱break throucjh突破;冲破;克服;挤过break up使粉碎;弄破;解散;结束;解体;中断;终止;(学校)放假;使苦恼;垦(地)bring about发生;导致;引起bring back回想起;使(人)回忆起(某事)bring down使垮台;失败;击落,打下;降低(物价,温度等)bring forward把…提前;提议,建议;(会计)把(账目)结转到(次页)bring in带来;引进;提出;挣得(报酬等);生产,产生;收获;(陪审圊)下(手U决)bring out出版;上演;显露出;现出;使人有勇气开口bring Up抚养,教育;提出(问题等);呕吐bring/come巾ut/carry into effect 开始生效;实行build up积累;聚集;增进(健康);增强(体格);确立(信誉);吹捧burn down烧光;把…烧成平地burn up烧毁;(炉火等)烧了起来,旺了起来;使恼怒burst out/into突然发生;突然…起来,怒放but for除…以外;如果没有bv accident/chance (纯粹)偶然地;碰巧;无意by all means务必,一定,千方百计bV no means决不,一点,也不by and Jarge大体上;基本上;总的说来bvfar比…得多;尤其;最最…by hand用手的;用手工(制作,递交等) ,by means/way of 用;以;依靠(某种方法,工具,工艺等)胙为;当作;经由by reason of 因为;由于bythe way顺便说一句by turns轮流;一会儿…一会儿…by virtue of 因;靠;由于;借助于Ccall for去接人;取(物件);要求;提倡call off宣告终止;取消;(使注意力)转移开;放弃call on/upon指名要(某人)去干(某事);请求;号召;动用call up打电话;召集,召唤;征召(服役);使人回忆起;从计算机中调出(资料)calm/cool down平静下来;使(人)冷静下来can't help(doing) 不免要…;不得不…;忍不住…capable of (人)敢于;能…的;易于做出…的;(事)能…的;易…的care for/about 照顾;关照;喜欢;喜爱/关心;在意carry away使激动得失去控制,使入迷,使倾倒carry back(to) 使回忆起carry forward 发扬;推进;转入下一页(下期等)carry off夺走,诱拐;夺去…生命;获得(奖品等)carry on继续;喧闹,起哄;从事;处理;经营;开展carry out完成;落实;贯彻;实现;执行carry through贯彻到底;渡过难关;支持到底cast doubt(on) 使人怀疑catch fire/cold着火憾冒;着凉;伤风catch on one's breath/eye 喘气;休息一下/(人)引人注意(事物)引人注目catch sight 0f 一眼瞥见;发现catch up(with) 赶上;达到;补上change for the better/worse改进;改善;好转/恶化;每况愈下change/speak one's mind改变决定或主意/直抒己见.charge(sb.)with使负…罪名;控告;托付,使负担check in 签到;报到;办理(住宿,乘机等) 手续check out退房登记;办清手续后离开;检查,核对check up体格检查;核对,检查clean up扫除,清洗干净,收拾干净;搬空;肃清;扫除clear away消除,收拾clear up 整理;解决,澄清,说明白;转晴;变好close up关闭;阻塞;(人)互相靠紧;(伤口) 愈合come about发生,(风等)改变方向come across (无意中)碰到,找到,想到come along/on来呀;赶快;一道来;赞成;进步/赶快;登台;(病,痛苦)加重,加深;来临;接着开始come back回到原来的(地方,话题等);突然想起;重新流行;恢复,复原,复辟come down下降,跌价come down to 归根结底;实质上是;实际意味着come in 到来,出现;进入;兴起;到成熟期;上台执政;起作用come/get/keep in(to)contact/touch与…联系,接触,交往come off松开;脱落;剥落;(如期)发生;实现;奉行;应验come out现出,露出;出版;发行;结果是…;取得(第…名);罢工;解答出来;消失,褪去;源于;来自;发表,讲出come(a)round来访;转而同意某看法;恢复知觉;苏醒come to f a standstill/an end/light/no harm/the rescue 0f) 苏醒过来;恢复知觉(停止腊束/发现;显露/无害;无碍/营救;救援)come up with/to提出;赶上;达到…标准;到达;不辜负(期望)cornpare…with/to与…比较;和…比起来/hi;做;好比compete with/against同…竞争;与…相匹敌;竞赛;竞争complain about/of抱怨;叫屈,申诉;投诉/自诉有…病痛;主诉concern about关心;担心consist in/of 主要是…;在于/由…组成;由…构成contribute to捐赠;赞助;为…做贡献;为…出力;有助于;投稿count on ①指望②期待(某人)相助critical of对…持批评态度的;对…苛求的cross out删除;划掉cut down削减;减少;砍伐cut off 切断;截肢;中断供应(疾病等)使(人)死亡;叫(人)闭口无言cut out割掉;删去;戒掉;省掉cut short剪短;削短;(突然)中止;打断;缩短;从简Ddate back to起,始;追溯至;(年代)早在…deal/cope with办理;处理;对付;论述;与…打交道,做买卖,妥善处理;应付depend/rely on依赖;依靠;信任devote to献身于…;致力于die away消逝;减弱;渐息die down平息;平静下来;熄灭die from/of 由于…而死/因(患)…而死,死于…die for迫切想要(某物);渴望die off相继死亡;绝种die out熄灭,绝种,不复存在differ from和…不同;不一致,意见不一do a favour/kindness(to) 帮个忙do awaywith除去;废除;干掉;杀死do good/harm to对…有益/对…有害d0/lr、,one's best/utmost努力;尽力而为do/90 without没有也行do wrong/justice(t0) 对等(某人)不公平;冤枉某人;逼真;出色;处置公道;公正对待draw a conclusion得出结论draw back退回,往后退;不履行draw in拉人,吸入;(火车,汽车)进站,到达;吸收参加;(日子)逐渐变短;收(网);紧缩开支draw on接近;靠近;临近;利用;依赖;凭借; (紧身衣物)穿,戴draw out取出;拔出; (火车,汽车)缓缓开出;(白天)逐渐变长;拉长,延长;拟订draw up起草;拟订;(使车、马停下)dream of梦见;梦想;幻想dress up化装;装饰;打扮drop in(over) 顺访;串门drop off睡着;(客人)一个个地散去;(兴趣等)减弱drop out辍(学);离队出走,中途退出dry up干瘪;干涸;(思路等)枯竭due to应归于…;由于;因为Eeat up吃得精光;大量消耗engage in 从事;进行equal to相等;相同;敌得过;担得起;胜任every other每隔…一(天、周等);所有其他except for/that除…之外;只是Ffall back(on) 撤退;退缩(求助于;投靠;转而依靠)fall behind落后;被甩在后面,拖欠fall in love(with) 爱上;喜欢上fall on/upon 碰到,看到;降临;落到;袭击;适逢(日期)fall out (头发,牙齿)脱落;掉;掉下来;掉队;(队伍)原地解散;不和,吵翻了fall through落空;失败familiar to/with为…所熟悉(熟知)的/熟悉,精通…的famous for以…著称,闻名;驰名far from远离,远非,根本谈不上;绝不是;差得远feel like想做(某事);感到像是…的样子fill in填写;填充;填满;对…提供最新情况;fill out/up 填写;长丰满,长胖;变粗、装满;填写;充满;占掉(地方或时间)find fault(with) 找…岔子;挑剔find out发现;找出;弄清楚;认识到;查明follow up继而进行…;追踪,跟踪fond 0f爱好;喜欢for all(that) 尽管;如此,还是for ever/good永久;永远for/in fear(0f) 唯恐;以免为…而担心for the sake 0f为了;为了…的好处、利益free of/from不受…影响的;摆脱了…的from time(door/side)to time(door/side) 时时;不定期地(挨家挨户/左右摇摆;晃动)Gget across (使人)了解;讲清楚get/go ahead赶过;胜过;有进展/开始;进行中;继续下去;走在前面,先走get along/on(with) 友好相处;(事情)进行顺利;过活get around/round(to) 克服(困难);避开;(消息)传开;(终于有时间)做某事get at 够得着;拿得到;弄清,了解;意指,暗示get away(with) 逃脱;逃跑,逃避(惩罚)get/learn by heart牢记,熟记;背得出get down(to) (使人)不快;沮丧;写下;咽下(t0);开始认真做…get even(with) 报复,和…算账get/take/catch hold 0f弄到手;掌握;了解;知道(去向)get in the way妨碍,阻碍,影响get off(With) 下车;出发;离去;不涉足,避开;脱下(衣服等);使免遭处罚get 0n(with) 相处;继续做;进行下去;顺利发展;上车;穿(衣);上年纪get out/into 离去;逃走;退出;出去;取出:拿出;拔出;出版;谈话吃力;(消息)走漏;泄露/进入;穿上;成癖;陷于;研究;从事于;变成get over 越过;恢复;完成,结束;克服(困难);解决难题get the better 0f胜过,超过;占上风;左右;支配get through完成;到达;渡过;用光;(使人)明白;通过;接通(电话)get together集会;聚会get up 起床;站起;举办;安排;化装;打扮get up to到达;赶上give away 背弃;出卖;泄露;散掉,给掉(钱财)give in/way(t0) 屈服;让步;递交;交上;让位于,转变为;听任支配give out分发;分配;失灵;报废;用尽;耗光give rise to引发;导致;产生give up放弃;中止;献出,让出,交出;投降,认输,泄气given that只要是,考虑到;假定,已知90 after寻找;追求go by 通过;经过;依照…行事;根据…的说法go down去某地;下去;跪下;咽下;(日)落;(船)沉;病倒;垮台; (计算机)停机(故障)g0 down with为…所接受,为…所相信,为…所心服g0 for去(做某事);去请,去找,去拿;想要,愿做,喜欢;可应用于;赞成;被认为go in for 从事;参加(考试;竞赛);喜欢上(业余爱好)90 into调查;研究加入;从事;投入;进入…状态;撞车g0 off离开;消失;昏过去;睡去;爆炸;爆发出;开始;(食品)变质;进行go out 出去;熄灭;公布,发表;过时,不再流行go over越,渡,转向;仔细检查;仔细推敲go through遭遇;经历;熬过;用光(钱);获准,通过go up 升高;提高;涨高;增长;盖起;建造起;被烧(炸)毁;(舞台幕布)拉起90 with 连带;带有;伴随;与…匹配;同…协调good at善于;擅长…grow away from与…疏远起来grow from由…长大,由…发展起来grow in在…方面成长;增加(力量等)grow into成长为,发展成grow on使越来越感兴趣,渐渐成为习惯;加深对…的影响grow out(0f) 由…产生;长高大了(衣服等) 穿不上;抛弃,戒除(恶习)grow up长大成人;成长;发展Ihand down (财产,技术或知识)往下传,传给(后人)hand in交进来(去);交上去;递交;面呈hand in hand手拉手;手牵手;合作hand out派送;分发;(乱)给(批评,处分,忠告等) 、hand over/on(to) 捐赠;移交;让与;将…移交给;交出;将…送交/依次传递hang about/around闲逛;转悠;观望/闲逛;缠 (人);与…泡在一起hang back畏缩不前;迟疑(不肯做某事)hang behind迟迟不离开,落在后面hang onto稍等;坚持住;赖着不走;抱(推,抓)住不放hang out晾衣服;居住,呆(在某处);停留hang together团结合作;互相支持;一致,不矛盾hang up挂起来;挂上话筒;耽搁,搁置have/give access to得以进入;可以接近have/give an/the advantage over 比…占上风;有利/优于…have(got)to不得不;必须;需要;须have to d0 with与…有关系here and there到处;零零落落地hit on/upon无意中找到;偶然想出hold back犹豫(该不该不做某事);阻止;阻碍;隐瞒;忍住hold;n抑制(情绪等),控制住hold on(to) 坚持下去;等一等;别挂电话hold on to抓住不放hold out坚持要求;坚持到底;守住;提出;伸出;主张;坚持;维持hold out for坚持(得到…)而不肯妥协hold together (合在)一起;团结在一起hold up举起;托住;支撑;使停滞;耽搁;提出;阻挡;列举,推举;(理论等)经得住hunt for搜索;探求hurry up赶忙;快点Iif only只要;哪怕;要是…就好了;真希望in a hurry匆忙;急忙;慌忙;急于in a sense/way在某种意义上;有一点儿,在某些方面,有几分;稍微in a word总而言之;一言以蔽之in accordance with 按照;根据;与…一致;合乎in addition(to) 加之;另外;除…之外又in advance(of) 比…先进;提前;提早;预先;事先;在…之前;n all/total总计;全部in any case/event而且;总之;无论如何;好歹in case(of) 如果;万一;倘;以便;以防;以备;如有in charge of主持;领导;主管…的;照看…的in common(with) 共同;相通;与…同样in conclusion最后;总之in confidence私下里;秘密地;暗中in conflict(with) 和…矛盾;和…发生冲突;与…相抵触in connection with关于…;与…有关;有联系in consequence(of) 因此;结果;…结果;因为…的缘故in/by contrast/comparison to/with 与…对比:对照;和…大不相同/和…比起来;与相比in debt负债;欠账in defenc(s)e保卫;保护in detail详细;详尽in disguise伪装;乔装;假装;隐瞒;掩饰;假象;貌似in exchange for交换;调换in favour(of) 支持;赞成;对…有利;偏向in force/effect有效;生效;在实施中;有效期中/实际上;事实上有效;生效;在实施中in front of 在…的正对面;在…前边;对面;当…的面in general/particular 总之;大体上;一般;普遍/尤其;特别in honour 0f向…表示尊敬;为祝贺…in(the)Iight 0f考虑到;依照;根据in line排队;排列;同意;准备就绪;按顺序;受约束ln control由…控制(管理)in office执政;在位in order按序;依次;秩序井然;(机器,设备等)状况良好in place到位;位置适当;在适当的地位in/within sight看得见;在眼前;在望;不远了in touch(with) 同…保持联系;知道…的最新情况in trouble发生麻烦;为难;窘困;受困;受罚in turn轮流;依次;接着in use使用着;通行着in a way有点;稍微;在某种意义上in a big/small way大//J、规模地in memory of为纪念…in need/want 0f需要;急需in order(that/to) 以便;为了in other words换句话说;换言之in place of代替;而不是;更换;顶替in progress在进行中;尚未完工in proportion(to/with) 和…成比例;和…相关;和…相比in question讨论中的;谈及的;争论中的in/with respect 0f/to关于in return回报;付给in search of寻找;搜寻;查究in secret/private/public私下;暗地/不公开;私下;秘密地/当众;公开地in short,brief/sum简言之;总之in spite 0f虽然;不管;不顾;纵使in support 0f维护…;支持…;证实…in that因为in/under the/such circumstances在这种情况下;考虑到这种情况in the course 0f在…期间;在…的过程中in the face 0f面临;不顾(反对等)in the first place起初;首先;早先(not)in the least/the least bit一点(也不);丝毫(不);(常用于强调否定)in the long/short run结果;最后;暂时;目前in the name 0f在…的名下;以…的名义;为…的缘故in no/good time立刻;马上,一转眼工夫;迅速地;恰恰相反jn vain徒劳;无益jn view of鉴于;考虑到independent of独立于…之外;不依赖…的;不受…支配的inform of告诉;报告;通知insist(on/upon) 坚决主张;坚决要求;坚持认为;定要;坚持要instead of代替;而不是interfere with干涉;干预;妨碍;干扰;影响involve in涉及;卷入;陷入;使进入;使连累jjoin in参加;加人jump to a conclusion草率决定;贸然断定Kkeep away from不沾,避开,不接近;离开keep down控制,限制;低下;蹲下;躺下;压住;压制;镇压;忍住了呕吐;缩减keep from隐瞒,瞒住;避开;使免于keep off驱散;避开;防止,挡住;不接近keep on继续…;不停地…keep to属守;遵守;遵循;按…办;坚持(做)keep to the(a)minimum控制到最低限度;尽可能的(少)keep under control控制(监视等)keep up(with) 跟上;赶上;保持;不落在后面;及时了解(情况)knock down拆除;拆卸;打倒,撞倒;使减价knock off下班,停止工作;减低,扣掉;匆忙做完(写完)knock out敲出;击倒;击昏;使失效;匆匆做好;(药物)使入睡knock over打翻know of/about知道;听说Llack 0f不够;不足;没有laugh off一笑置之;把…当儿戏lay down放下;放弃(想法态度等);拟订(计划等);兴建;规定,制定lay off暂时解雇;休息;使下岗lay out展开;铺开;摆开;说明,表达(想法等);设计;布置;准备入殓lead the way向导;领路;引路lead to领;带;导向;通向;通往;导致;造成leak out走漏(消息等);(水,煤气等)泄露lean on 对…施加压力;讹诈;逼迫;倚靠;依靠leave behind抛弃;忘记带;把…拉下;落后leave out遗漏;省去;删去;不考虑lend to把…借给;把钱贷给;使…增添了…,使…有了Iet alone更不用说;更别提Iet down使(人)失望;放下;放(长)衣服;不支持Iet off免除;放过;放掉(气);放(枪);引爆(炸弹);准许…暂时停止工作Iet out 释放;放走;放(水、气);出租(房屋);把(衣服)放大level 0ff/out 稳定;持平;整平;弄平;水平飞行line up排队;列队;整顿;排列整齐;排成行;安排妥当;与…站在一起little by little渐渐地;一点儿一点儿地live on/by继续活着;靠…生活;以食…为生/按照或遵循…(准则)而生活;靠…过活live through渡过;熬过live up to配得上,不愧于;不辜负;按…行事;使行为和…相符live with接(忍)受(令人不快的事物等)long for渴望;向往look down on/upon小看…;蔑视…look forward to盼望;期待look into调整;深入了解;研究look out当心;注意;警惕;查出,找出;挑选look over检阅;检查look to求助;有赖于;注意;照顾look up to尊敬lose contact/touch(with) 失去联系;联络中断lose/save one's face丢脸;失去自尊与别人的信任/保全名声;留面子lose/keep one's head发怒;慌张;失去理智,(头脑)发昏,保持镇静;不慌不忙lose/keep trace/track(of) 不知下落;失去联系/跟踪;密切注视…的动向Mmajor in主修;专攻make away/off with 携…而逃;干掉,杀死;(钱)挥霍掉make(a/an)effort/face/friends/fuss/living/move/ no difference/noise努力;尽力/做鬼脸/与…交朋友/大吵大闹,谋生/动身;采取行动;/无所谓;没关系/嚷嚷,胡搅make for往…走去;向…前进;有助于;促进make good成功;兑现诺言;实现;补偿;消除不良影响make light/¨ttle of不放在眼里;等闲视之/轻视;贬抑make out 理解;看清楚;辨认;起草(文件等);假装;填写;开(票等)make room/way(for) 给…让出(地方,路)make sense(Iove/money/peace/use) 有意义;讲得通;有道理(做爱/挣钱/讲和/使用)make sure/certain确保;确实;务必make the best/most of善于处理…;充分利用(使用)make up 化妆;配制;调制;整理床铺(房问);组成;构成;编造,捏造;和解,言归于好;弥补;补偿many a许多many(of) (…中的)许多mark out划出边线;标出界线may/might as well不妨…;还是…的好;最好还是…meet/satisfv the needs满足需要mix up把…搞混,混淆;搞乱more often than not通常;多半;往往more or less几乎是,但又不尽然;大约;多少有点;或多或少地Nno more/less than 同…一样不…;只不过;仅仅/不少于;有…之多neither.··nor两者都不;既不…也不next to在···旁边;紧挨;近于;次于n0 doubt无疑;很可能no longer不再n0 matter+wh—word不管…;无论…no/none other than不是别人,正是…;恰恰是no wonder难怪;不足为奇not nearly远非;远不及;相差很远not to mention/speak of更不用说;更不必说(every)now and then时不时地,偶尔;间或nowthat既然Oobject to反对;抗议;不支持occur to突然想到(一个主意等)off and on 时而;断断续续地on a large/small scale 大批量;大规模/小批量;小规模on account 0f因为(…的缘故)on(an/the)average平均;平均说来on behalf 0f代表某人;为某人;以某人的名义on business因公;当差;公务在身on condition that 若…则;在…的条件下;只要…就on/off duty值班;值勤;值日/不值班;不值勤;下班on earth究竟;到底;全然,一点也(强调否定);世界上on end竖立着;立;连续不断on fire着火;极为兴奋;充满热情on foot行走;步行on guard/the watch值班警戒;看守/密切注视;守候on hand在手头;随时可用on purpose故意;欲意;on,for sale出售;上市;廉价出售/出售(尤指私房,私车等物)on show/view展览;展出/公展on the basis/grounds/understanding that 基于…;以…为基础/因为/以…为条件,如果on the contrary正相反;然而;可是;相反地on the one/other hand一方面…/另一方面…on the point of正要…(的时候);正打算on the side/part of 支持;在…一边/代弋表…;就…而言on the spot在现场;当场;立即on the whole总体上;从整体来看;基本上0n(the)top(0f) 在…之上;在…的顶下;又添;此外on trial受审;在试验中;试行;试用once and for all最后一次;无疑地;彻底地;永远地once in a while时而;有时one…after another/after the other一个接一个;接连;挨次0r else否则;要不然or rather毋宁说;更确切地说other than除…之外;不同于;非out of(breath/condition/date/the question/werkl 呼吸急促,身体欠佳/过时的/不可能的/失业over and over(again) 一次又一次;反复owing to由于,因为Ppass away去世;死;消失;消磨(时间);停止;结束pass by 从旁经过;忽略;回避;不予理会pass for被认为是,被当作…;冒充…pass off逐渐消失;不加理会,回避;顺利;进行;把…冒充为,假称是pass on传给;传下去;转入,往下谈;去世pass out失去知觉,晕倒;倒掉pass over 不管,略而不谈;不计较,不追究;过去;去世pass through 穿过,通过;经历,经受;上完(大学)pave the way(for) 为铺平道路;为…做好准备;使…更易pay attention/a visit(to) 注意/_访问;拜访pay back偿还;报复pay for付…的钱,赔偿;为…付出代价;得到报应pay off偿还掉,付掉;把工钱付掉;付掉工资加以解雇;有利可图;有报偿;是值得的,合算pay up偿还(欠款),全部付清pick out认出;辨出;选择;挑出pick up拾起;拿起;慢慢爬起身来;(开车)去接;逮捕;偶然学得;得(病);恢复(健康等);挣一笔钱pile up堆集;成堆;积累;增积play a part/role(in) 在…方面起作用play down使(某事)显得不重要;贬低;缩小play on/upon利用(别人的情绪等以达到自己的目的)play out 演完,做完;用光;使破产;使精疲力竭;输光play a trick(joke)(on) 捉弄;恶作剧play up使…显得更重要;夸张;宣扬,鼓吹;开始奏乐;使恼火;(比赛中)加油,用劲play talk over商讨;商谈talk round说服(使同意某事);转弯抹角地讲,得不出结论地讨论下去tear up撕碎;毁坏thanks to由于;因为that ls(to say) 那就是;即;换言之the more/sooner.一,the better越多(快)越好the other way(a)round/about相反(地);反过来(看)think of.··as以为…;认为…;把…当作…think over/out掂量;斟酌/琢磨透;想出;深思熟虑throw away扔弃;抛弃;白费;浪费throw/shed light on说明;解释;提供线索;使清楚起来to advantage有利;更加to and fro来回地;往复地to excess太多;过分to some/a certain/a large extent在某种/一定/很大大程度上to the contrary相反地;正相反to the effect that大意是说;意思是to the point切题;中肯;简明扼要touch down降落;着陆touch on/upon谈及;涉及try on试穿;耍弄(花招)try out试用turn down拒绝采纳;拒绝考虑turn on拧开;亢奋;上瘾;向…突然袭击;要看…而定;关键就在turn off分叉;关掉;弓l开;生产;解雇;使失去兴趣turn out结果是;原来是;(电)切断;制作;生产;培训;逐出翻出;翻转turn over再三考虑;交出;让出;移交;转换;周转;翻阅;翻耕turn to翻到…(页);转到;向…求助;讨教;转向;改变turn up 出现;出席;被找到,发现;将(声,光等)调大;查字典;发生(情况)Uunder way正在进行之中up to 多到;直到;等于;达到;适于;胜任;忙于;由…决定upside down颠倒,倒过来use up用尽;花光Wwarm up加热;变暖;(运动前)热身;(机器等)预热;激动起来;活跃起来wash up洗碗碟等餐具;洗手脸;洗手不干,不再过问wear off (病痛等)渐渐消失wear out穿旧;穿坏;磨损;磨破;使人疲惫不堪well/worse off手头宽裕;生活好过,手头更拈据,日子更不好过watch out小心谨慎;留意,提防what with…,(and)what with… 一方面因…,一方面因…;因…和…whether.··0r是…呢,还是…;是不是wipe out歼灭;扫除;去除;消灭;擦净with reference to关于;有关with/in regard/relation to关于;有关without exception一概;全部;无一例外word for word 一字不改地;一字不变地;逐词地work at从事;在…用功work on对…起作用;对…发生影响;向…做工作;使兴奋;左右work out努力做好;刻苦完成;创立(理论);详细拟定(计划等);算出(总数);解决;开采完(矿山等);做工偿还(债务)work up渐渐做成;刺激;激发;组成;揉和;煽动worthy of值得的;名副其实的write off勾消,注销,报废;当场写出,提笔就写(文章);减低资产账面额Yyield to投降,屈从;让步with玩,玩弄point out使注意;指出prefer.··to-一宁愿…不愿prepare for为应付…而做好准备prevent from 阻止(某人做某事或某事发生)prior to在…之前provide for/with支持(提供生活必需品);为…做安排;约定;规定/提供;供给pull down 拆毁;毁坏;把身体弄垮;使健康受损pull in/out进站;驶进;逮捕;挣(钱)/离站;摆脱困境;退出;抽出;撇出pull off (将车)停靠; (成功地)实现…,执行…pull on穿,戴;不停地划(船)或拉pull through恢复健康;渡过难关;挺过去pull up减速停车;拔起;拔掉;阻止;指责put an end/a stop to停止;结束;摧毁;消除put down放下;放在…上;写下;记下;粉碎;镇压;贬低;使难堪;停下来让旅客下车put/lose faith in相信;信托,对…失去信心put forward呈上;提出;提前;拨快(钟表)put off延期;推迟;打消(疑虑);关上(电器等);劝阻;使扫兴put on穿上;演出;表演;装出(某种样子);增加体重;打开(电器等)put out公布;播出;使熄灭,扑灭;生产;出版;使不高兴put/lay/set aside搁置一旁;不管;避开;排除;积蓄put to(death/sleep/shame/use) 处死/使睡/使感到羞愧/用;使用put up 建起;支起;张贴,挂;修建;留宿;提出put upwith忍受;容忍Qrather than而不reduce…to 使…成为;把…减少到…;减低到…;强迫…做…refer to提到;讲起;有关;涉及;参考;查阅。
Aabate v.减轻,减退;废除aberrant a.畸变的;异常的;脱离常轨的ablate v.切除,摘除abortion n.流产,早产;(计划等的)失败,夭折abrade v.擦伤;磨损abscess n.脓肿abstain v.戒、避免;弃权abstinence n.节制;禁欲absurd a.荒唐的accent n.腔调,口音;重音,重音符号v.加重读accessory n.附件,附属品;同谋,帮凶a.附属的,附加的accordance n.一致,给予accountant n.会计accuse v.谴责,指控,告发achromatopsia n.色盲acidosis n.酸中毒acknowledge v.承认;致谢acknowledgement n.承认,感谢;收到的通知acne n.痤疮,粉刺acoustic a.声学的;听觉的acquaint v.使认识,使了解,通知acupuncture n.针刺,针刺疗法addict v.使沉溺,使醉心;使成瘾n.有瘾的人,吸毒成瘾adduce v.引证;提出adequate a.足够的;恰当的admonish v.告诫advisory a.咨询的,劝告的advocate n.拥护者,提倡者v.拥护, 提倡aerobic a.需氧的afebrile a.无热的affection n.爱;感情;病afferent a.传人的affiliate v.使附属;隶属affinity n.亲和力;密切关系afflict v.使苦恼,折磨aggressive a.爱寻衅的,侵略的;有进取心的agile a.敏捷的,灵活的agitate v.搅动;激动, 焦急不安agony n.苦恼,痛苦ague n.疟疾;寒颤alga n.水藻,海藻alleviate v.减轻(痛苦),缓和alliance n.联盟,同盟,联合,联姻allowance n.允许;津贴,补助(费) v.定量供应alloy n.合金v.合铸allude v.暗指,提到allure v.引诱,吸引almighty a.全能的;糟糕透的alphabet n.字母表aluminum n.铝alveolus n.小窝,牙槽;肺泡amateur a.业余的n.业余爱好者ambassador n.大使ambient a.周围的,包围着的;环境的ambiguous n.模棱两可的ambulance n.救护车ambulant a.走动的;适宜于下床活动的ameliorate v.改善,改良,转好amenable a.顺从的,有义务的; 经得起检验的amend v.改正,修正;改好amiable a.亲切的,和蔼可亲的amid prep.在…中,在…当中ammonia n.氨ample a.充分的,富裕的;宽敞的amputate v.切断,截(肢)amuse v.逗…笑,给…以娱乐,给以消遣amusement n.娱乐,消遣,娱乐活动analogue n.类似物analogy n.类似,相似;比拟;类推analysis n.分析,解析analyze v.分析,分解anatomy n.解剖学ancestor n.祖宗,祖先ancestral a.祖先的,祖传的ancestry n.祖先,家世ancient a.古代的,古老的n,古时的人anemia n.贫血症anesthesia n.感觉缺失;麻醉anesthetic a.麻木的n.麻醉剂anguish n.极度的痛苦v.感到极度痛苦anhydrous a.脱水的,无水的animate v.使有生气,使活泼;激励animation n.生气,活泼,兴奋;动画片annoy v.使烦恼,使生气,打搅annoyance n.烦恼,烦扰anonymous a.匿名的anorexia n.食欲缺失;厌食anoxia n.缺氧(症)antacid n.解酸药,抗酸剂antenna n.触角;天线antibiotics n.抗生素(抗菌素)anticipate v.预料,预期;抢…之先;提前使用antifebrile a.退热的n.退热药antique a.古时的,古式的; n.古物,古玩antiseptic a.防腐的,抗菌的n.防腐剂;抗菌剂antitoxin n.抗毒素antiviral a.抗病毒的antivirus n.抗病毒素anxiety n.挂念,焦虑;渴望appalling a.令人震惊的,骇人听闻的apparatus n.器械,仪器,装置apparent a.明显的;表面的;貌似的appendicitis n.阑尾炎appendix n.附录;阑尾appetite n.食欲,胃口,要求,欲望applaud v.喝彩,鼓掌,称赞applause n.欢呼,喝彩,称赞,赞成appliance n.器具;用具;器械appoint v.任命,委派;约定appointment n.约会,约见;任命,选派appraisal n.估价,评价appraise v.估价,评价,鉴定appraiser n.评价人,鉴定人appreciable a.可以估计的,可以看到的appreciate v.感激,感谢;评价,欣赏,赏识appreciation n.欣赏,鉴赏正确评价;感谢,感激appreciative a.有眼力..的,有欣赏力的; 感激的apprehend v.理解,领悟;逮捕,拘押;畏惧,忧虑approach v.接近,走近n.途径,方法,探讨appropriate a.适当的,恰如其分的approval n. 赞同,批准approve v. 赞成,同意,批准,审定,通过approximate a. 近似的,大约的,v.近似,接近apron n.围裙v.用围裙围住apt a.恰当的,贴切的;聪明灵巧的;易于…的,有…倾向的arbitrary a.任意的,专横的,武断的arch n.拱,拱门,弓形结构,半圆形v.使成弓形,拱起archaeology n.考古学architect n.建筑师architectural a.关于建筑的,建筑上的architecture n.建筑,建筑学ardent a.热情的,热烈的;强烈的,烈性的arduous a. 艰巨的;勤奋的arena n. 竞技场地argue v. 辩论,争论;主张,论证argumentation n. 推论, 论证; 争论, 辩论, 辩论文armament n. 军队, 武装力量; 军械; 武器, 备战aroma n. 芳香; (艺术品的)风味; 韵味arrangement n.整理,排列,布置,安排,准备;商定,调解array v.使排列成阵势;装扮n.列阵;衣服,盛装arrest v./n.逮捕,拘留;(心搏)停止arrhythmia n.心律不齐;心律失常arrogance n.骄傲自大,傲慢arrogant a.骄傲自大的,傲慢的artery n.动脉,干线arthritis n.关节炎articular a.关节的articulate v.接合;清晰地发出音来;a.接合起来的;关节联接的ascertain v. 查明, 弄清, 确定aseptic a.无菌的; 防腐的;冷漠的ashamed a.惭愧的, 害臊的asphyxia n.窒息aspirate v.吸出;抽出assassinate v.暗杀,行刺assault v./n.袭击,攻击assemble v.集合,集会;装配,组装assembly n.集会,会议;装配assert v.断言,宣称assertion n.主张,断言,维护assess v.估价,评价assessment n.估价,评价asset n.财产;宝贵的人(或物)assiduity n.刻苦,勤奋assign v.分配,委派,指定assignment n.分配,委派,任务,(课外)作业assimilate v.吸收;同化assistance n.帮助,援助assistant n.助手,助教associate v.联想,联系,联合,交往,n.合作人,伙伴,同事,adj.同伙的,副的association n.协会,团体;联合,联系,交往,交际;联想assort v.把…分类;为…配备各种物品asthma n.气喘,哮喘astonish v.使惊讶,使吃惊astound v.使震惊,使大吃一惊astronaut n.宇航员astronomy n.天文学asymmetric(al) a.不对称的;偏位的artrium n.心房atropine n.萎缩,虚脱atropine n.阿托品attach v.贴上,系上,附上; 使依附,使属,使依恋attachment n.连接物,附属品附件;依恋attempt v./n.试图,努力attendant n.服务员a.在场的;护理的;伴随的attenuate v.变细(小);减弱减毒; 稀释attic n.顶楼,屋顶室attomey n.辩护律师attract v.吸引,招引,引诱attraction n.吸引(力),吸引人的事物attractive a.有吸引力的,有魅力的,动人的atypical a.非典型的;不规则的;不正常的auction v. /n. 拍卖audible a.听得见的audience n.听众,观众;谒见,会见audiometer n.听度计,听力计auditorium n.礼堂;听众席augment v.扩大;增长aural a.听觉器官的;耳的auscultate v.听诊auspice n.预兆,先(前)兆;吉兆Austria n.奥地利authentic a.可靠的,权威性的,有根据的,真正的authoritarian a.独裁主义的n.独裁主义者authoritative a.有权威的,可相信的authority n.权力,威信,权威,权威者,(p1.)当局,官方authorize v.授权,委任;批准,认可autoclave n.高压消毒锅autonomy n.自治,自治权autopsy n.尸体解剖;尸检auxiliary a.辅助的,从属的n.辅助者,补助者,助动词avail v.有利,有益,有助availability n.可用性,有效性,可得性,可得到的人(或物) available a.可用的,可得到的,可达到的;有效的avenge v.替…报仇avenue n.林荫路,大街;途径,手段avert v.转移,防止aviation n.航空;航空学;飞行术awkward a.粗笨的,笨拙的,不灵活的;棘手的,为难的,尴尬的axilla n.腋(窝)Bbachelor n.单身汉;学土bacillus n.(芽胞)杆菌bacon n.咸肉,熏肉bacterial a.细菌的bactericidal a.杀菌的bacteriology n.细菌学bacterium n.细菌badge n.徽章baffle v.使挫折,阻碍,使困惑n.迷惑;缓冲板;遮护物bait n.诱饵v.引诱bakery n.面包房,面包店balcony n. 阳台balm n.香油,香脂;止痛药膏bankrupt n.破产者,丧失了名誉的人a.破产的v.使破产bankruquet n.破产banner n.旗(帜)banquet n.宴会v.宴请bar n.棍,横木;障碍;酒吧v.栓上,阻挡,拦住,妨碍barbarian a.野蛮人的,不文明的barber n.理发师barbiturate n.巴比妥盐bargain v.讨价还价n.廉价货;交易,合同barley n.大麦barn n.谷仓,仓库barrel n.桶;枪管,炮管barren a.贫瘠的,不毛的,不育的barrier n.障碍,屏障batch n.一批,一炉baton n.棍棒;指挥棒;警棍battalion n.营;部队;大队(的人)battery n.电池(组);一套,一组bay n.海湾;a.赤褐色的BCG 卡介苗beak n.(鸟的)嘴;(器皿的)鸟嘴形口beam n.横梁;一束,一道v.(喻) 微笑;发射;发光bean n.豆,菜豆beancurd n.豆腐beard n.胡子behalf n.利益;方面;支持behavior n.行为,举止belly n.肚,腹部bellyache n.腹痛belly-button n.脐belt n.带,腰带benign a.慈祥的,温和的;良性的beriberi n.脚气病berth n.(车,船)卧铺;座位beset v.镶嵌;困扰bestow v.赠与,给与;花费;安置bet v.赌,打赌n.打赌,赌注betray v.背叛,出卖;泄露,暴露beverage n.饮料bewilder v.使迷惑,难住bewilderment n.迷惑,混乱bias n.偏见,偏心;倾向性;爱好Bible n.圣经bibliography n.目录学;文献目录bicarbonate n.碳酸氢盐bid v.命令,吩咐v/n.报价,投标bilateral a.两边的,双侧的bile n.胆汁biliary a.胆汁的bind v.绑,包扎,束缚binocular a.双目的;双筒的n.双目镜bioactive n.生物活性的biochemistry n.生物化学biographer n.传记作家biopsy n.活组织检查biostatistics n.生物统计学biotic a.生命的;生物的biscuit n.饼干bit n.一片,一点,一些bite v./n.咬,叮n.一口bitter a.苦的,痛苦的bizarre a.稀奇古怪的,异乎寻常的blackmail n./v. 敲诈;勒索bladder n.囊,膀胱blade n.叶片,刀片,桨叶blanch v.漂白;使变白;使(植物)不见日光而变白blast v. 炸掉,摧毁n. 爆炸,一阵(风);管乐器或汽笛声blaze n. 火焰,火光v. 燃烧bleach v. 漂白n. 漂白剂blend n.混合物v.混合blister n.水疱v.起疱bloat v.肿胀;n.肿胀病人blonde n.金发碧眼的人a.金发碧眼的blot n.污渍,污点blouse n.女罩衫blunder n.大错v.犯大错;慌乱地走blunt a.(迟)钝的v.使(迟)钝;减弱blur v.弄脏;(使)模糊不清blush v. 脸红;羞愧boast v.夸口,夸耀n.自夸,大话bold a.大胆的,冒失的bolt n.螺栓,插销v.闩门;脱口说出bombard v.炮击;轰炸;攻击, 痛斥bond n.结合;契约;债券bondage n.奴役,束缚bonus n.额外津贴,奖金boom n. 繁荣,激增,迅速发展boost v. 升;提高booster n. 支持者;升压器,激发剂booth n.电话亭,货摊border n.边界,边境v. 交界;近似;接近boredom n.厌烦,乏味,无趣bosom n.胸;内心;胸怀botanical a.植物学的,植物的botany n.植物学bounce v.弹起,跳起;反跳bound v./n.跳,跳跃a.必定的boundary n.界线,边界bouquet n.花束bout n.一回;发作bow v./n.鞠躬,点头n.弓;船头bowel n.肠;内部boycott v./n.抵制bracelet n.手镯bracket c.支架,托架; 括号v.把…括号内brake v./n.闸,刹车bran n.麸;糠brass n.黄铜,铜器breach n.破坏;破裂breakdown n.故障;衰竭;崩溃breathtaking a.惊人的,激动人心的breed v.生殖;繁殖;饲养;引起brew v.酿造;调制;煎(药) bribe n./v. 贿赂bride n.新娘brilliant a.光辉的;卓越的brim n. 边,缘brink n. 边;边沿brisk a. 活泼的;敏捷的bronchitis n.支气管炎bronchus n.支气管bronze n.青铜;古铜broom n.扫帚broth n.肉汤bruise n.伤痕,青肿v.碰伤, 使成青肿brutal a.残忍的,令人难受的buccal a.颊的;口腔的bucket n.吊桶,水桶bud n.芽,花苞v.发芽,含苞欲放buffer n.缓冲;缓冲剂;缓冲器v.缓冲bug n.虫,臭虫v.窃听bulge n.v.肿胀;膨出;隆起(物)bumble v.犯大错;结巴地讲话;踉跄buoy n.浮标,救生圈bureau n.署,局burglar n.窃贼burial n.埋葬,葬;埋藏bushel n.蒲式耳butcher n.屠夫,卖肉者buttock n.屁股;臀部button n.扣子,按钮v.扣紧Ccabbage n.洋白菜,卷心菜cable n.缆,索;电缆;电报,v. 拍电报cadre n.干部;骨骼;骨干cafeteria n.自助餐厅cage n.笼,鸟笼calamity n.灾害,祸患,不幸事件calcity v.钙化calcium n.钙calf n.小牛;腓;小腿callous a.起老茧的;无感觉的;冷淡的callus n.胼胝;骨痂,接骨质calorie n.卡(热量单位) camphor n.樟脑cancellation n.取消,删除cancellous a.网眼状的;海绵状的;网状骨质的candid a.公正的, 正直的;坦率的candidate n.候选人, 报考者cane n.茎;甘蔗;手杖canine n.犬齿canker n.溃疡;口疮cannula n.套管,插管canteen n.食堂;小卖部canvas n.粗帆布,油画布capacitor n.电容器cape n.海角,岬;披肩capillary n.毛细血管capitalism n.资本主义capitalist n.资本家a.资本主义的capsule n.胶囊;封壳;密闭小舱caption n.(章节,文章等)标题;(图片的)解说词;(电影片)字幕capture v.捕获,捉拿;夺得,攻占carbohydrate n.碳水化合物;糖类carbonate n.碳酸盐carcinogen n.致癌物carcinogenesis n.致癌作用;癌发生cardiac a.心脏的cardinal a.主要的,基本的;深红的cardiogram n.心电图cardiology n.心脏病学cardiovascular a.心血管的caries n.龋;骨疡;骨疽carrot n.胡萝卜cart n.大车,手推车cartilage n.软骨cartoon n.草图;动画片cartridge n.弹药筒;子弹;软片,胶卷castor n.蓖麻casual a.偶然的, 碰巧的;临时的,非正式的casualty n.严重伤亡事故;伤亡人员catabolism n. 分解代谢catalog(ue) n. 目录v.编目catalyst n. 催化剂cataract n. 大瀑布;白内障catastrophe n. 大灾难,大变动category n.种类,类型;范畴cater v.迎合,投合;供应伙食(for)catheter n.导管cathode n.阴极,负极Catholic a.天主教的n.天主教徒caustic a.腐蚀性的;n.腐蚀剂caution n.小心,谨慎;警告v.告诫,警告cautious a.小心的,谨慎的celerity n.迅速,敏捷celery n.芹菜celiac a.腹的;腹腔的cellular a.细胞的;由细胞组成的cellulose n.纤维素cement n.水泥;牙骨质centennial a.一百周年的centigrade a.摄氏温度计的centrifuge v.离心;分离n.离心机cephalic a. 头的,头部的;头侧的cereal a.谷类的,谷类植物的n. (pl.)谷类;谷类食物cerebellum n. 小脑cerebral a.大脑的cerebrum n.大脑certainty n.必然的事,必然,肯定certificate n.证书,证明书certification n.证明certify v.证明cervix n.颈;子宫颈cessation n.停止,休止chain n.链,链条;连锁v.拴住chamber n.房间;议院;会所;腔,心室champagne n.香槟酒char v./n.打杂,(做)家庭杂务charcoal n.炭,木炭;炭笔charity n. 慈善,仁慈;慈善团体charm n. 魅力,美貌v.迷人,施魔法charter v.租船,租车n.宪章chase v./n.追求,追赶chemotherapy n.化疗cheque n.支票cherish v.珍爱,怀有(爱情)chestnut n.栗子;栗树chickenpox n.水痘chill n.凉气,寒气;寒战v. 使寒冷chilly a.凉快的,寒冷的chimney n.烟囱chin n.下巴,颏chip n.薄片,碎片chloride n.氯化物chlorine n.氯(气) chlorophyl n.叶绿素choke v.窒息,噎住;堵塞cholera n.霍乱cholesterol n.胆固醇chord n.弦,索,带v.协调,和谐;使和谐chorus n./v.合唱Christian n.基督教徒a. 基督教的chromosome n.染色体chronic a.慢性的,久病的,长期的chronicle n.编年史;历史,记事chyme n.食糜cigar n.雪茄烟cigarette n.香烟,纸烟cilia n.睫;纤毛cinerary a.灰的;骨灰的circadian a.生理节奏的circuit n.电路,环行,巡回circumscribe v.在…周围划线;限制,约束circumstance n.情形,环境,状况circus n.马戏场,杂技场;马戏团cirrhosis n.硬变;肝硬化citrus n.柠檬;柑橘civilization n.文明,文化civilize v.使文明,开化clamo(u)r v.n.吵闹,叫喊clamp n.夹子,夹钳v.夹紧clap v.拍,轻拍,拍手n.拍手喝彩(声)clarify v.澄清,阐明clarity n.清澈,明净clasp n.扣子,钩子v.扣住;紧握,紧抱clatter n.得得声,卡塔声v. 得得地响,卡塔地响clavicle n.锁骨clay n.粘土;肉体,人体cleavage n.劈开;分裂;卵裂cleave v.(clave;cleaved)粘着,粘住;坚持;依恋cleave v.(cleft;cleft orcloven)劈开;把…分成几个小部分cleft n.裂,裂口client n.顾客,客户,诉讼委托人climacteric n.更年期;绝经期;转折点cling v.粘住,依附,坚持clip v.夹住,钳n.回形针,夹子clip v.修剪;剪辑clone v.克隆closure n. 关闭;罩子clown n.小丑,丑角clue n.线索clump n.丛;簇;群;细菌凝块clumsy a.笨拙的,愚笨的clumsy n.串,簇,束clutch v.抓住,攫住coach n.客车,长途汽车;私人教师,教练v.辅导,教练coagulate v.凝结,凝固coarse a.粗的,粗劣的, 粗糙的,粗俗的coastal a.海岸的,近海岸的cocaine n.可卡因coccus n.球菌coffin n.棺材coil n.卷,圈v.卷,盘绕coincide v.相符合,相一致coincidence n.巧合,符合coke n.焦炭colic n.绞痛,急腹痛a. 绞痛的;结肠的colitis n.结肠炎collaborate v.合作,协作,勾结collaboration n.合作,协作,勾结collagen n.胶原(蛋白)collapse v.倒坍,崩溃;虚脱collide v.碰撞,冲突,抵触collocation n.排列;搭配;配置colloid n./a.胶体(的),胶质(的)colloquial a.口语的,会话的colon n.结肠colonel n.(陆军)上校colonist n.殖民者,移民colony n.殖民地;群体; 菌落colossal n.巨像的,巨大column n.柱,柱状物,专栏coma n.昏迷comb n.梳子v.梳理combat v./n.战斗combination n.结合,联合;化合combine v.结合,联合;化合combustion n.燃烧;氧化comedy n.喜剧,喜剧场面comet n.慧星comic a.喜剧的,滑稽的commander n.指挥员,司令员commemorate v.纪念commence v.开始commencement n.开始;学位授予典礼(日);毕业典礼(日)comment n./v.解说,评论,意见commerce n.商业commercial a.商业的,商务的commission n.委员会,委托,代办,委托书,佣金,手续费commitment n.托付;信奉;承诺,保证commodity a.商品,日用品commonplace n.常见的事物;平常话commonsense n.常识a.有常识的;明明白白的;一望而知的communism n.共产主义communist n.共产党员a.共产主义的community n.社区,社会compact a.紧密的,坚实的v.压缩companion n.同伴,伴侣comparison n.比较,比喻compartment n.分隔;空间;隔室compass n.罗盘,指南针compassion n.同情;怜悯compatible a.相容的;一致的compatriot n.同胞compel v.强迫,使不得不;迫使屈服compensate v.补偿,赔偿,酬报compensation n.补偿,赔偿;补偿物,赔偿费ompetence n.能力,胜任;权能,权限competent a.有能力的,能胜任的;应该的;足够的;有权能的competition n.比赛,竞争competitive a.比赛的,竞争的competitor n.竞争者;比赛者;敌手compile v.编辑,编制;搜集,汇编complacence n.自满,自鸣得意complement n./n.补充,补足;补体.complexion n.肤色;情况,局面;气质,性格complicated a.错综复杂的,麻烦的complication n.复杂,混乱;复杂的情况;并发病,并发症comply v. 照做;遵守component a.组成的,合成的n. 组成部分;组元;分量;元件compose v.创作,作曲;组成composer n.作曲者;创造者comprehend v.了解,领会;包含,包括comprehensive a.广泛的,综合的;理解的,有理解力的compress v.压缩,浓缩;n.敷布,压布comprise v.包含,包括,构成compromise v./n.妥协,折衷compulsive a.强迫的,有强迫力的compulsory a.强迫的;义务的concave a.凹的,凹面的conceal v.隐藏,隐瞒,隐蔽concede v.承认;让步;给与conceit n.自负,自高自大;想法,个人的意见conceive v.设想,构想;以为;怀胎,怀有conceptual a.概念的concession n.迁就,让步;特许;特许权;租界concise a.简明的,简洁的,简要的concomitant a.伴随的;伴发的concord n.和谐;协调concrete n.混凝土a.具体的;混凝土制的condemn v.谴责,指责;判刑,宣告有罪condense v.压缩,浓缩,精简;使冷凝condenser n.冷凝器,凝结器;电容器conducive a.有助于…的,有益的conduct n.行为,品行v.引导,指挥;传电,传热conductivity n.传导率;传导性conductor n.领队,乐队指挥;售票员,列车员;导体conduit n.管道;导管confer v.授予;协商conference n.会议,讨论会confess v.承认,坦白,忏悔confine v.限制,局限于;管制,禁闭confront v.使面对,使面临;正视congenital a.先天的,天生的congest v.充满;拥挤;充血congestion n.充满;拥挤;充血congress n.大会;国会,议会conjecture v.推测;假设conjoin v.结合,连接conjugate n.结合,使成对conjunction n.结合,联合;连接; 关联;连接词conjunctiva n.结膜conjuncture n.结合;紧要关头conquer v.征服,战胜conquest n.征服,赢得conscience n.良心,良知conscientious a.认真的;诚心诚意的;谨慎的conscious a.有意识的,知觉的consecutive a.连续的,连贯的;顺序的consensus n.一致;舆论;同感,交感consent v./n.同意,答应consequence n.后果,影响;重要性consequent a.作为结果的,随后发生的n.当然的结果,推论conservation n.保存,保护;守恒conserve v.保存,保藏;保养considerate a.考虑周到的,体谅的consideration n.考虑,思考;体谅consistent a.前后一致的,始终如一的console v.安慰,慰问consolidate v.巩固,加强;合并,联合consonance n.调和,一致;共鸣.conspicuous a.明显的;惹人注目的constipation n.便秘constituent a.形成的,组成的n.选民;成分constitute v.组成,构成constitution n.构成,机构,成分,体格,体质;宪法constraint n.强逼,强制;紧张感,紧张状态constrict v.压缩,收缩;阻塞consult v.商量,咨询;会诊consultant n.请教者;商议者;顾问,会诊医生consume v.消费,消耗consumption n.消费,消耗;肺结核;结核contact v./n.接触,联系,交往contagious a.传染的contain v.容纳,含有,装有container n.容器,集装箱contaminate v.弄脏,污染;传染contamination n.污染,沾染物contemplate v.注视,沉思;期待,仔细考虑contemporary a.现代的,当代的n.同时代的人,同年龄的人contempt n.轻蔑,藐视;受辱,丢脸contend v.竞争,斗争;争论content n.内容,目录;容量,含量n./a.满足(的),甘愿(的)contest v.竞赛,比赛;争夺context n.上下文,前后关系continence n.自制,节制;节欲continent n.大陆,洲contingent a.可能(发生)的,偶然的,意外的;应急的n.意外事件;代表团;小分队contour n.轮廓,外形contraceptive a.避孕的n.避孕药物/用具contract n.契约,合同,包工v.收缩;得(病)contractile a.可收缩的contractor n.订约人;承包人;收缩肌contradict v.反驳;同…矛盾,同…抵触contradiction v.矛盾;反驳contraindicate v.禁忌contralateral a.对侧的contrast v.对照,对比v.形成对比,使对照controversial a.争论的;爱争论的;引起争论的controversy n.争论,论战;争吵convalescent a.恢复健康的,渐愈的;恢复期的n.恢复中的病人convenience n.便利,方便;(pl.)便利设备convenient a.便利的,方便的convention n.大会,会议;习俗,惯例;公约,协定conventional a.惯例的,常规的,传统的;协定的converge v.会聚,集中conversation n.会话,谈话convey v.运送,运输;传达,传播conviction n.定罪;深信,确信convince v.使信服,使确信convulsion n.震动;痉挛,惊厥cooper n.制桶工人,修桶工人v.修桶;挫败;毁掉coordinate a.同等的,对等的,并列的v.使成为同等;使协调coordination n.同等,调整;协作;协调cope v.应付,对付copious a.丰富的,大量的copyright n.版权,著作权cord n.绳,索;索状组织cordial a.诚恳的,亲切的,热诚的;刺激的;强心的n.兴奋剂cork n.软木塞cornea n.角膜coronary a.冠状的corporate a.社团的;共同的;全体的corporation n.团体,公司corps n.军团,部队corpse n.死尸,尸体corpuscle n.小体,细胞,血球;微粒corridor n.走廊corrosion n.腐蚀,侵蚀;锈corrupt a.腐化的,贪污的v.腐蚀;贿赂cortex n.皮质cosmetic n.化妆品a.化妆用的,美容的cosmic a.宇宙的,广大无边的cosmos n.宇宙;秩序,和谐costal a.肋骨的costume n.服装,戏装cottage n.村舍,别墅council n.理事会,委员会,议事机构counsel n.商议;忠告;法律顾问,辩护人v.劝告,忠告countenance a.面部表情;脸色county n;郡,县courteous a.有礼貌的courtesy n.礼貌;殷勤;好意cousin n.堂(表)兄弟,堂(表)姐妹covert a.隐藏的;暗地里的coward n.懦夫cozy n.暖和舒服的;舒适的crack n.裂纹,龟裂v.破裂,砸开;发爆炸声cradle n.摇篮;婴儿时期cramp n.夹,钳;(病性)痉挛,绞痛crane n.鹤;起重机v.伸(颈);用起重机起吊cranium v.头盖(骨);颅crave v.渴望,热望credulous a.轻信的creed n.信条;信念,纲领cripple n.跛子;残废的人(或动物)crisis n.危机crisp a.松脆的;清新的,爽快的;干脆的v.使发脆criterion n.标准,准则criticism n.批评;评论criticize v.批评;评论crook n.钩;钩状物crooked a.弯的,歪的;扭曲的,不正当的crown n.王冠;牙冠crucial a.决定性的,紧要关头的;严酷的,极困难的cruel a.残酷的,残忍的cruelty n.残酷,残忍;残酷行为cruise v.巡航;巡游;(出租汽车)兜客n.巡航,巡游crumb n.碎屑;面包屑;点,滴,少许v.弄碎crumple v.把…弄皱;打垮crust n.面包皮;外壳;痂皮crutch n.拐杖;支柱v.支撑crux a.十字形;难事,关键,最重要点crotherapy n.冷冻疗法cuckoo n.杜鹃,布谷鸟cucumber n.黄瓜cue n.(人或车等候着的)长队;发辫cuff n.袖口;护腕cultivate v. 耕作,栽培,养殖;培养cultural a.文化的;教养的;栽培的cunning a./n.狡猾(的),狡诈(的)cupboard n.碗柜,木橱curb n./v. 控制、抑制、约束curiosity n.好奇心;珍品;古玩curl v.卷曲,蜷缩n.卷发curriculum n.学校的全部课程;(一门)课程curse v.诅咒,咒骂curtain n.窗帘,幕(布)curve v.弄弯,使成曲线n.曲线,弯曲cushion n.垫子,坐垫cusp n.尖,尖端customary a.通常的,常例的,习惯的cutaneous a.皮的cute a.伶俐的,逗人爱的cylinder n.圆柱体,圆筒;气缸cyst n.囊(肿)cytogenetics n.细胞遗传学cytology n.细胞学Ddagger n.匕首;短剑;剑号dairy n. 牛奶场,奶店damn n./v.诅咒dander n. 头皮屑;怒火dandruff n. 头垢;头皮屑dangle v. 摇晃地悬挂着datum n. (p1.)资料,材料debris n. 瓦砾堆,废墟,碎片decay v./n.腐朽,腐烂,衰败deceit n. 欺骗;虚假;欺骗行为deceive v. 欺骗,蒙蔽decent a. 体面的,像样的,相当好的;正派的,得体的deception n.欺骗,蒙蔽;骗术decibel n.分贝deciliter (decilitre) n.分升,十分之一升decimal a.小数的,十进制的deck n.甲板;桥面;层面decolourize v.使…脱色;将…漂白decompensate v.代偿失调decompose v.分解,使腐败,使腐烂decorate v. 装饰,装潢,布置decubitus n. 褥疮dedicate v. 奉献,献身,致力deduce v. 演绎,推演,推断deduction n. 推论;演绎,扣除deem v.认为,相信defeat v./n.战胜,挫败defecate v.澄清,净化;排粪,通大便defect n.缺点,缺陷defence n.防御,保卫;(pl.)防务,工事defend v.保卫,防守;辩护;答辩defense n.防御,保卫;防务(pl.)防御工事;辩护defensive a.防御的,保卫的n.防御,守势deference n.听从;敬重deferent a.输送的;输出的;输精的defervescence n.退热deficiency n.缺乏,不足;营养缺乏症deficit n.短缺;赤字definite a.明确的,确定的,限定的definition n.定义,解释;明确性deflate v.排放…(空)气;解除气胀deflection n.偏离;偏转deform v.损坏…的形状,使…变形deformation n.形状损坏;变形;畸形deformity n.变形,畸形;畸形的人defy v.向…挑战;公然对抗,蔑视degenerate v.蜕化;变质;变性degradation n.降级;低落;退化;陵削;降解;衰变degression n.下降;递减dehydration n.脱水delegate n.代表deleterious a.(对身心)有害的;有毒的deliberate a.深思熟虑的,审慎的,蓄意的v.仔细考虑deliberately ad.审慎地;故意地,蓄意地delicate a.纤弱的,娇嫩的;易碎的;优美的,精美的,精致的delineate v.描绘;叙述delitescence n.潜伏期;潜伏状态;(炎症)突然消退delusion n.幻想;妄想;错觉dementia n.痴呆democracy n.民主;民主政体democratic a.民主的,民主主义的; 民主政体的demography n.人口统计学demonstrate v.表明;演示;论证,证明demonstration n.表明,示范;论证;示威denial n.否认,拒绝;拒绝相信denominate v.给…命名;称呼…为denote v.指示;意味着denounce v.斥责;告发,揭发;废除dense a.密的,稠密的,浓厚的density n.密度,密集;稠密dental a.牙齿的;牙科的dentistry n.牙科学denture n.一副牙齿;假牙;全口假牙deodorant a.除臭的n.除臭剂depart v.出发,离开departure n.出发,离开dependant n.受赡养者;侍从depict v.描绘,描述depicture v.描述,描绘;想象depilate v.拔去…毛;脱去…毛deplete v.弄空;排除,减轻;减少…体液;放去…的血deposit v.存放,寄存;储蓄;沉淀n.存款;押金;沉淀deposition n.免职,罢官;作证;沉淀;沉淀物depot n.兵站;仓库depravity n.堕落;腐败depreciation n.价值低落,贬值,蔑视,贬低depress v.压抑,降低depression n.消沉;萧条;抑郁症deprive v.夺去,剥夺,使丧失depurate v.净化,提纯deputy n.代理人,代表;副…derivation n.引出;起源,由来;衍生,衍生物derive v.取得;派生出;引申出derma n.真皮dermatitis n.皮炎dermatology n.皮肤病学decendant n.子孙,后代deserve v.应受,值得designate v.指明,标示;选派,指定;把…叫做desirable a.合乎需要的,令人满意的desolate a.荒凉的,荒芜的;孤独的,凄凉的v.使荒芜,使孤寂despair v./n.失望,绝望desperate a.绝望的,危急的;不顾一切的,铤而走险的despise v.轻视,蔑视destination n.目的地;目标destine v.命定,注定,预定,指定destiny n.命运destitute a.没有的;缺乏的destruction n.破坏,毁灭destructive a.破坏性的,毁灭性的,危害的detach v.分开,分离,拆开;分遣detachment n.分开,拆开,分离;分遣;分遣队detect v.察觉,发现;探测detection n.察觉,发现;探测;检波detective a.侦探的,探测的n.侦探detention n.拘留,扣押;阻留,滞留detergent a.使清洁的n.清洁剂;去垢剂deteriorate v.恶化;变坏;退化determination n.决心,决定determine v.决定,决心;确定,测定detoxify v.解毒,除去…毒物,去除…放射性沾染devalue v.降低价值;贬值deviation n.背离,偏离device n.设备,装置;方法,设计devil n.魔鬼devise v.设计,想出devoid v.缺乏,没有devotion n.献身;忠诚;热爱devour v.吞没;狼吞虎咽地吃dew n.露水,露dextral a.右边的;用右手的;右旋的diabetes n.糖尿病diagram n.图解,图表dial n.标度盘,钟面,拨号盘v.拨号,打电话dialect n.方言;行话dialectical a.辩证的;辩证法的dialysis n.透析,渗析;分离,分解diaper n.尿布diaphoresis n.发汗;出汗diaphragm n.膈,膈膜diarrhea n.腹泻diastole n.(心)舒张期dictate v. 听写,口授,口述dictation n. 口授笔录,听写diction n.措词;词令diffuse v. 扩散;渗出digest v. 消化n.摘要digital a. 数字的dignity n. 尊贵,高贵,庄严,尊严dilate v. 膨胀,扩大dilemma n. 窘境,进退两难diligence n. 勤奋,努力diligent a. 勤奋的,孜孜不倦的dilute v.冲淡;稀释dim a. 暗淡的,模糊的,朦胧的v.(使)变暗淡dimension n.尺寸;面积;容积dimensional a. 尺寸的,…维的diminish v. 缩小,减少,递减dine v. 吃饭,进餐dioxide n. 二氧化碳dip v./n. 蘸,浸diphtheria n.白喉diploma n.文凭,证书diplomatic a.外交上的;有策略的directory n.姓名地址录;(美)董事会a.指导(性)的disappoint v.令失望,使扫兴disaster n.灾害,灾祸,灾难disastrous a.灾难性的;造成惨重损失的disc n.圆盘,盘状物;唱片v.把…灌成唱片discard v.丢弃;遗弃;垫牌n.抛弃,被弃的物(或人);垫牌discern v.看出;辨出;觉察,了解;辨别discharge v./n.卸货;排出;释放;出院discipline n.纪律;训练;学科v.训练;惩诫disclose v.揭开,泄露disconnect v.分离,断开;拆开discontent n.不满意,不满的人a. 不满的v.令(人)不满discount n./v.折扣discourse n.讲话,演讲;论说;论文discrepancy n. 差异;不一致,不符合discrete a.分离的;稀疏的discriminate v.区别,辨别,有差别地对待discrimination n.辨别,区别;识别力,辨别力;不公平待遇,歧视disdain v. n.轻视;不屑一顾disgorge v.吐出,呕吐disgrace n.失宠;耻辱;丢脸v.玷污;使丢脸disguise n./v.假装,伪装disgust n.恶心,厌恶v.使恶心,使厌恶disincentive a.阻止的,抑制的n.(在生产等方面)起抑制作用的行动(或措施) disinfect v.杀菌,消毒disintegrate v.崩溃,分裂;分解;蜕变;衰变dislocation n.关节脱位,脱臼dismal a.忧郁的dismay n.灰心惊愕,沮丧v.使惊愕,使沮丧;使灰心dispatch v.派遣,发送;调度,调遣n.急件,快信dispensary n. 药房dispense v.分配;配(方);发(药)disperse v.使疏开;使分散,解散;散布,传播a.分散的,弥散的disposable a.可处理的;可随意使用的;用一次就丢掉的disposal n.配置,布置;处理,处置;卖掉,让与;控制dispute v.争论,辩驳n.争论,争端disrupt v.分裂;破坏dissect v.分割;解剖disseminate v. 散播,传播,散布dissert v. 论述,写论文dissertation n.专题论述;(学位)论文dissipate v.驱散;浪费,挥霍;放荡;酗酒dissolve v. 溶解,融化;解除,解散,取消dissuade v.劝阻,阻止distal a.远侧的;末梢的;远中的distend v.扩张;肿胀distil(l) v.蒸馏;滴下distort v.歪曲,扭曲;变形distract v.分散,分心;弄昏,迷惑,使发狂district n.区,地区,行政区disturb v.扰乱,妨碍;打扰,使不安ditch n.沟,渠,水沟dive v./n.潜水;跳水;俯冲diver n.跳水员,潜水员diverge v.分叉;分歧;离题;使…岔开,使转向diverse a.不一样的;多种多样的;多变化的;形形色色的diversity n.差异;多样性;变化divert v.转移;转向;转换divine a.神的,神圣的division n.分,分裂;除法;部门divorce v./n.离婚,离异;脱离,分离dizzy a.眩晕的,头晕眼花的dock n.船坞,码头v.入坞,靠码头doctrine n.教义,主义,学说document n.文件,文献documentary a.文件的n.纪录片doll n.玩偶,玩具娃娃domain n.范围,领域domestic a.家里的,家庭的;国内的,国产的;驯养的dominant a.支配的,统治的;占优势的;显性的n.主因,要素,主要的人(或物);显性基因dominate v.支配,统治;俯视;处于优势地位;高耸donate v.捐献,赠送donkey n.驴donor v.捐赠者;供血(输血)者doom n.厄运;毁灭v.注定,命定dorsum n.背,背部;背状部分dove n.鸽子downpour n.倾盆大雨doze v.打瞌睡;在瞌睡中度过n.瞌睡,打盹draft n.草稿,草案,起草,草拟drain n. 排水管,导管;排(水),排液;引流drainage n.排水,排水法;排水设备(或系统);流域;导液法;引流法drama n.剧本;戏剧;戏剧艺术(或事业)dramatic a.戏剧的,戏剧性的;显著的drastic a.激烈的,严厉的n.剧泻药;剧药draught n.拉,牵引,拖;一网(饮,吸,阵);顿服药量,通风,v.起草,设计drawback n.弊端,障碍;退款,退税drawer n.抽屉;拖曳者;制图员;开票人dread n./v.恐惧,害怕,担心dreadful a.可怕的;糟透的;令人敬畏的drench v.浸透;淋透drift v./n.漂,漂流drill v./n.练习,操练,训练;钻孔,打孔drizzle v.下细雨droplet n.小滴;飞沫dropout n.中途退出;退学dropsy n.水肿病(浮肿病) drought n.旱灾,干旱drown v.淹死,淹没drowsy a.昏昏欲睡的;催眠的dual a.双重的;二元的due a.应付的,到期的;应有的,充分的n.应得物,当然权利duke n.公爵dull a.愚笨的,迟钝的;阴暗的;沉闷的;单调的v.使迟钝,使阴暗,减轻dumb a.哑的,无声的dump n.堆垃圾的地方;垃圾堆v.倾倒垃圾dumpling n.饺子duodenum n.十二指肠duplicate n.复制品,副本,复制,复写dwarf n. 矮子,侏儒dynamic a.动力的;能动的;机能上的;有生气的dynamical=dynamic dynamics n.力学,动力学,动力,原动力;动态dynasty n.王朝;朝代dysentery n.痢疾dysfunction n.功能障碍,功能不良/死调dyspepsia n.消化不良dysphagia n.吞咽困难dysplasia n.发育不良, 发育异常dyspnea n.呼吸困难dystrophy n.营养不良, 营养障碍。
中科院考博英语短语表abandon oneself to 沉湎于(某种情感)with abandon 放任,无拘无束can’t abide 无法容忍keep abreast of 和。
齐头并进of one’s own accord 自愿地,自动地of no account 不重要on account of 因为,由于on no account 决不act up 捣蛋;出毛病clear the air 消除误会off the air 停播on the air 在播up in the air 尚未决定allow for 考虑到make allowance(s) for 考虑到,顾及;体谅,体贴all along 始终in the final/last analysis 归根结底angle for 谋取,寻求anything like 多少有点像for anything 无论如何on approval 试用assert oneself 坚持自己的主张,表现坚定avail oneself of 利用(机会,提议)of no avail 没有用be/stand awe of 对。
敬畏back and forth =to and fro 来来回回back down/off 放弃,让步back out 退出bail out 保释;帮助(某人)脱离困境know…backward(s) 对。
极其熟悉badly off 拮据,贫穷;境况不好be badly off for sth 短缺in the balance 悬而未决,未定的bargain for/on (常与否定词连用) 预料到,料想到barge in 闯入,插嘴,打岔keep/hold sth. at bay 不让(敌人)接近;防止(问题恶化)bear down on sb/sth 冲向,咄咄逼近;压住bear on/upon 有关,涉及bear sb/sth out 证实bear up 挺住,不气馁bear with 容忍,忍受beat down 砸开;(阳光)强烈照射beat it 滚开,走开beat up 痛打,狠揍become of 发生于,使遭遇beg off 反悔,推辞,恳求免除(某种义务)in behalf of sb/ in sb’s behalf 为帮助某人on behalf of sb/ on sb’s behalf 代表某人;因为某人bring into being 使出现,使存在come into being 出现,形成,成立bend over backward 竭尽全力for the benefit of 为了beside oneself (情绪)失控at best 充其量,至多get/have the best of sth 战胜get/have the better of 战胜,在。
医学考博必会词汇【中英文实用版】英文文档:Medical Doctoral Examination Essential VocabularyThe medical doctoral examination is a challenging test that requires a deep understanding of medical terminology and concepts.To succeed in this examination, it is important to familiarize oneself with essential medical vocabulary.This article provides a list of essential medical terms that are commonly encountered in doctoral examinations.1.Anatomy - The study of the structure of the human body.2.Physiology - The study of the functions of the human body.3.Pathology - The study of diseases and their causes.4.Pharmacology - The study of drugs and their effects on the body.5.Microbiology - The study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.6.Immunology - The study of the immune system and its functions.7.Genetics - The study of genes and heredity.8.Epidemiology - The study of the distribution and causes of diseases in populations.9.Clinical medicine - The practice of medicine focused on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.10.Surgical procedures - The techniques and methods used insurgical operations.11.Diagnostic imaging - The use of imaging techniques, such as X-rays and MRIs, to visualize the inside of the body.12.Therapeutics - The study of the treatment and prevention of diseases.13.Pharmacokinetics - The study of how the body absorbs, distributes, and excretes drugs.14.Biochemistry - The study of the chemical processes that occur within living organisms.15.Molecular biology - The study of the structure and function of biological molecules.These terms are just a starting point, and there are many other medical terms that are important for the medical doctoral examination.It is important to study and understand these terms in the context of their respective fields to have a comprehensive understanding of medical concepts.中文文档:医学考博必备词汇医学考博考试是一项具有挑战性的测试,要求深入理解医学术语和概念。
全国医学考博英语统考必背词汇全国医学考博英语统考必背词汇医学博士英语统考的成绩可用于在职申请学位和博士生入学考试,但是考生不得同时申报。
下面是店铺整理的医学考博英语词汇,欢迎阅读!ear preparation 耳标本ear pressure probe 耳用压力探针ear probe 耳用探针ear raspatory 耳骨刮ear receiver 耳塞听筒ear retractor 耳部牵开器ear scoop 耳刮匙ear speculum 耳窥器,检耳镜ear sponge 洗耳海绵,耳海绵卷棉子ear spoon 耳匙ear spout 洗耳槽ear spring forceps 耳弹簧钳ear syringe 耳注射器earth 地、地球earth clamp 接地夹子earthing wire 接地线earth lead 接地线earth rod 接地棒ear trumpet 助听筒ear tympanic membrane magnifier 耳鼓膜放大镜ear tympanic speculum 鼓膜耳镜ear washing bulb 洗耳球ear wax 耵聍,耳垢easel 框,架,绘图架ebullience 沸腾ebulliometer 沸点测定仪ebulliometry 沸点测定法EC(electronic computer) 电子计算机ECA (electrocardioanalyzer ) 心电分析器écarteur 牵开器eccentric ①偏心的`,离心的②偏心轮eccephalosis 穿颅术ecchondrotome 软骨刀ecdemic 非地方性的,外地的,外来的ECG(①electrocardiogram ②electrocardiograph) ①心(动)电(流)图②心(动)电(流)图机ECG amplifier 心电图放大器ECG analysis system 心电分析仪ECG and PCG data automatic analyzer 心电和心音图自动分析仪ECG and respiration simulator 心电图和呼吸模拟器ECG data analyzer 心电图分析仪ECG lead systems 心电图导联系统ECG memory 心电存储装置ECG memory scope 心电记忆示波器optical scanner 光学扫描器optical section 光学切面optical transistor 光敏晶体管opticator (仪表的)光学部分optics 光学optimal 最佳的,最优的optimeter 视力计optimum 最佳的,最佳值optimum matching 最佳匹配option ①随意,自由选择②任选项optional 可任意选择的,任选的optional accessry 选择附件opto- 视,视力optoelectronics 光电子学optogram 视网膜象optomeninx 视网膜optometer 视力计optometry 视力测定法optometry unit 验光仪optomyometer 眼肌力计optophone 光声机oral 口的。
医学考博英语作文必背20个万能句英文回答。
1. The etiology of this disease remains elusive.The cause of this disease is still unknown.2. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.More research is needed to understand the fundamental processes involved.3. The clinical presentation of this condition varies widely.The symptoms of this disease can differsignificantly from one individual to another.4. The prognosis of this disease is generally favorable.The outlook for people with this disease is typically good.5. The treatment of this disease typically involves a multimodal approach.Treatment for this disease usually involves a combination of different methods.6. The prevalence of this disease is increasing.The number of people with this disease is rising.7. This disease is a major public health concern.This disease poses a significant threat to the health of the population.8. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes.Identifying and treating this disease early on is essential for better patient outcomes.9. The molecular basis of this disease is not fully understood.The genetic and biochemical mechanisms underlying this disease are still being investigated.10. This disease has a significant impact on the quality of life.This disease can have a profound effect on the well-being and daily functioning of individuals.11. The development of new therapeutic strategies is urgently needed.There is a pressing need for more effective treatments for this disease.12. This disease is a significant cause of morbidityand mortality.This disease is a major contributor to illness and death.13. The pathogenesis of this disease is complex and multifactorial.The development of this disease involves a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.14. The clinical manifestations of this disease can be highly variable.The signs and symptoms of this disease can differ widely, making diagnosis challenging.15. The diagnosis of this disease is based on a combination of clinical findings and laboratory tests.A definitive diagnosis of this disease typicallyrequires a thorough evaluation and testing.16. The management of this disease requires a tailored approach.Treatment for this disease needs to be individualized based on the specific characteristics of each patient.17. The prognosis of this disease depends on several factors.The outlook for individuals with this disease varies depending on factors such as age, overall health, and the severity of the disease.18. This disease is associated with a number of complications.This disease can lead to a range of secondary health problems.19. The prevention of this disease is essential for protecting public health.Measures to prevent the spread of this disease are crucial for safeguarding the health of the population.20. Further research is essential for improving our understanding of this disease and developing more effective treatments.Ongoing research is vital for gaining a better understanding of this disease and finding new ways to manage it.中文回答。
备考中科院考博英语词汇备考中科院考博英语必备词汇做英语阅读,词汇是基础,中科院考博英语阅读的篇幅和内容是相当之大,为了帮助大家备考中科院考博英语,小编整理了一些考博英语词汇,希望能帮到大家!consensus n. 共识,一致,合意 n. [生理]交感tour n. 旅游, 观光旅行, 任期 v. 旅行, 周游nationwide adj. 全国性的 adv. 在全国范围内aboard adv. 在船上,在火车上,在飞机上 prep. 上船,上飞机,上车substitute n. 代替者,代用品 v. 代替 vi. (for)代替 vt. 用...代替,代以stone n.石头; 宝石; 矿石; (膀胱或肾脏中的)结石 vt.向扔石块; 用石头铺; 以石掷向; 除(水果的)硬核 adj.石制的; 石头似的; [S-]石器时代的; 粗陶制的 adv.石一般的narrow adj. 狭窄的,有限的;勉强的;精密的;度量小的n. 海峡;狭窄部分,隘路 vt. 使变狭窄 vi. 变窄motorist n. 驾车旅行的人,开汽车的人chestnut n. 栗子,栗树,栗色,栗色马,七叶树,马的胼胝,陈词滥调 adj. 栗色的wheat n. 小麦, 小麦色variety n. 多样, 种类, 杂耍poorly adv. 贫穷地,不充份地,贫乏地 adj. 身体不舒服的,心情恶劣的thrift adj. 节约, 节俭 n. 节俭, 节约thirst v. 渴望,渴求 vi. (for)渴望,渴求 vt.&n. 渴,渴望orchard n. 果园prefix n. 前缀 vt. 加...作为前缀,置于前面 adj. 前缀的eager adj. 渴望的, 热切的.reserve n. 预备品, 贮存, 候补 n. 克制, 含蓄 vt. 保留, 预订, 延期noble adj. 高尚的, 宏伟的, 贵族的, 高贵的 n. 贵族caravan n. (穿越沙漠的)旅行队, 商队,大篷车electric adj. 电的,令人激动的,鲜亮的 n. 供电cardinal n.红衣主教,鲜红色,基数,北美红雀adj. 主要的,深红色的fiddle n. 小提琴 v. 虚度时光, 拉小提琴basement n. 根基,地下室 n.(新英格兰)特别指学校中的公厕proficiency n. 熟练,精通commitment n. 委托,实行,承诺,保证(律)拘禁令,奉献,献身cocker vt. 娇养, 溺爱, 放纵 n. 西班牙长耳猎犬 n. 斗鸡的人uphold v. 支撑, 赞成, 鼓励cleanse vt. 使...清洁, 净化, 使...纯洁devotion n. 虔诚,祈祷,献身,奉献remnant adj. 剩余的 n. 残(剩)余reality n. 现实,实际,真实closet n. 壁橱,衣帽间 adj.(用于名词前)隐藏(身分等)的;不公开(个人信息)的 vt. 把…关在房间里(尤指为了私下会谈或避免他人打扰) truthful adj. 诚实的,真实的fertile adj. 肥沃的,能繁殖的 n. 多产,肥沃magnifier n. 放大镜,放大器vital adj. 至关重要的, 生死攸关的, 有活力的, 充满生机的dough n.生面团,浆糊futile adj. 无效的, 无用的brief n. 摘要,简报,公事包 adj. 简短的,简洁的 v. 对...作简报,摘要。
全国医学博士英语统考医学英语词汇表(精选)AAlimentary /’aeli'menteri/a.营养的;消化器官的alkaline/'aelkalain/a.碱性的n.碱性,碱度allergic / e'le:d3ik / a.过敏的alleviate/e'li:vieit/v.减轻(痛苦),缓和alveolus/ael'viales/n.小窝,牙槽;肺泡ambulant/'sembjulan“a.走动的;适宜于下床活动的ameliorate/8'mi,"Uereit/v.改善,改良,转好ammonia/'aemaunj8/n.氨anatomy/e'naetemi/n.解剖学amputate/'aempju,teit/V.切断,截(肢)anemia/e'ni:mie/n.贫血症anesthesia/aenes'ei:zie/n.感觉缺失;麻醉anesthetic/,aenis'Setik/a.麻木的n.麻醉剂anhydrous/aen'haidres/a.脱水的,无水的ankle/'aerjk(9)J/n.踝anorexia / ,aerie(u)’reksia/n.食欲缺失;厌食anoxia / ae'noksie/n.缺氧(症)antacid/aent'aesid/n.解酸药,抗酸剂antibiotics / aentibai'atiks/n.抗生素antibody/'aenti,bodi/n.抗体antifebrile/,aenti'fi:brailla.退热的n.退热药antigen/'aentid3an/n.抗原antiseptic/,aenti'septik/a.防腐的,抗菌的n.防腐剂;抗菌剂antitoxin^aenti'toksin/n.抗毒素antiviral/'aenti'vaiarel/a.抗病毒的antivirus/'aenti'vaieras/n.抗病毒素apparatus^~epa'reites/n.器械,仪器,装置appendicitis/e,pendi'saitis/n.阑尾炎appendix/e'pendiks/n.附录;阑尾appetite/'aepitait/n.食欲,胃口,要求,欲望appliance/a'plaians/n.器具;用具;器械arrh、rthmia/a'riOmie/n.心率不齐;心率失常artery/'a:teri/n.动脉,干线arthritisla:'Oraitisln.关节炎articular/a"tikjulala.关节的aseptic/ei'septik/a.无菌的;防腐的;冷漠的asphyxia/aes'fiksie/n.窒息aspirate/'aespereit/v.吸出;抽出aspirin/'aesperin/n.阿司匹林assay/e'sei/n.测定,鉴定;化验v.化验,分析;尝试’assimilate/e'simileit/v.吸收;同化asthma/'aesma/n.气喘,哮喘asymmetric(a1)/aesi'metrik(kal)/a.不对称的;不匀称的;偏位的atrium/'eitriem/n.心房atropine / 'aetrapi:n/n.阿托平attenuate/o'tenjueit/vt.使变稀薄,稀释atypical/’eitipik(a)I/a.非典型的;不规则的,不匀称的;不正常的audiometer/,o:di'omita/n.听度计,听力计augment/o:g'ment/V.扩大;增长aural/’a:ral/a.听觉器官的;耳的auscultate|?a:skelteit|v.噘诊auspice/’o:spis/n.预兆,先(前)兆;吉兆autoclave/’0:taukleiv/n.高压消毒锅autopsy/'o:topsi/n.尸体解剖,尸检axilla/aek'sile/n.腋(窝)Bbacillus/ba'silas/n.芽孢杆菌backache/'baekeik/n.背痛bacterial/baek'tieriel/a.细菌的bactericidal/baek'tiarisaidal/a.杀菌的bacteriology/baek,tieri'olad3i/n.细菌学的bacterium/baek'tieriem/n.细菌bandagel'baendid3/n.绷带barbiturate/ba:'bitluarit/n.巴比妥盐BCG卡介苗bellyache/’belieik/n.腹痛beriberi/'beri'beri/n.脚气病bicarbonate/bai'ka:banit/n.碳酸氢盐bilateral/bai'laetaral/a.两边的,双侧的bile/bail/n.胆汁biliary/'biUari/a.胆汁的bioactiveI,baia~aektiv/a.生物活性的biochemistry/'baieu'kemistri/n。
中国医科大学考博英语必备短语集锦 Preoperative Assessment术前评估
Assessment and Implementation评估实施
e Standard Protocol.采用标准护理程序
2.Determine if the client has any communication impairment and if the client is mentally competent.测定病人存在沟通障碍,心智是否健全。
3.Assess the client's understanding of the intended surgery and anesthesia.评估病人是否了解即将进行的手术及麻醉。
4.Obtain a nursing history:获取护理史
A.Condition leading to surgery 需手术的病情
B. The need for isolation precautions. 隔离需要
C.Chronic illnesses. 慢性疾病
st menstrual period (for female clients in childbearing years)。
末次月经(育龄期女性病人)
E.Previous hospitalizations. 既往住院史
F.Medication history, including prescription and over-the-counter (OTC),and date/time of last doses. 用药史,包括处方与非处方药,末次用药日期/时间
G.Previous experience with surgery and anesthesia.既往手术及麻醉史
H.Family history of complications from surgery or anesthesia. 家庭手术或麻醉并发症史
I.Allergies to medications or food, including specific questions about natural rubber latex.药物或食物过敏史,包括天然橡胶特种过敏反应 J.Physical impairment. 身体受损情况
(PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ: 772678537) K.Prostheses and implants (e.g., dentures, hearing aid, pacemaker, internal defibrillator, hip prosthesis)假体和移植(如义齿、助听器、起搏器、除颤器、人工髋关节)
L.Smoking, alcohol, and drug use. 吸烟、饮酒和吸毒史
M.Occupation 职业
5.Assess client's weight, height, and vital signs.评估病人体重、身高和生命体征。
6.Assess client's respiratory status, including character and rate of respirations, oxygen saturation, ability to breathe lying flat, and chest x-ray report.评估病人呼吸系统状况,包括呼吸特征与速度,氧饱和度,平卧呼吸能力及胸片。
7.Assess client's circulatory status, including apical pulse, electrocardiogram (ECG) report, and peripheral pulses.评估病人循环系统状况,包括心尖搏动、心电图和周围脉搏。
8.Determine client's neurological status, including level of consciousness (LOC)。
测定病人神经学状况,包括神志清醒程度。
9.Assess client's musculoskeletal system,including range of motion (ROM) of joints.评估病人肌骨骼系统,包括关节活动度。
10.Examine client's skin; identify any breaks in skin integrity and determine level of hydration.检查病人皮肤,确认皮肤完整性受损情况,确定水合程度。
11.Assess client's emotional status, including level of anxiety, coping ability, and family support.评估病人情绪状况,包括焦虑程度、应对能力和家庭支援。
12.Review the results of laboratory tests, including complete blood count (CBC), electrolytes, urinalysis, and other diagnostic tests.审查化验报告,包括全血计数、电解质、尿检和其他诊断试验。
13.Ask if client has an advanced directive.询问病人是否得到事先说明。
14.Identify the time of client's last intake of food or drink.确认病人上次摄食与饮水时间。
e Completion Protocol.采用护理完成标准程序。
Evaluation评价
1.Review records to determine if necessary information has been assessed.复查记录,确定必需项目是否得到评估。
2.Evaluate client's ability to cooperate.评价病人合作能力。
Identify Unexpected Outcomes and Nursing Interventions确认意外结果与护理措施
Record and Report记录与报告
ing agency format (preoperative checklist), complete all essential information.采用机构表格(术前目录单),填写全部重要信息。
2.Report abnormal laboratory values and other concerns to the surgeon or anesthesiologist.向手术医生或麻醉师报告异常化验值及其他问题。
本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。