FDA关于厂房和设施的条款翻译(青霉素和非青霉素)
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美国FDA的GMP法规A部分——总则110.3 定义110.5 现行的良好生产规范110.10 人员110.19例外情况B部分——建筑物与设施110.30 厂房与场地110.35 卫生操作110.37 卫生设施及管理C部分——本节预留作将来补充110.40 设备与用具D部分——本节预留作将来补充E部分——生产及加工管理110.80 加工及控制110.93 仓贮与分销F部分——本节预留作将来补充G部分——缺陷行动水平(DEFECT ACTION LEVEL)110.110 食物中对人体健康无危害的天然的或不可避免的缺陷授权自:联邦食品、药物及化妆品法(21.U.S.C.342, 371, 374)第402, 701, 704节,公众健康服务法(42 U.S.C.264)第361节如不另作说明,皆出自51FR24475, 1986年6月19日版本。
A部分——总则110.3定义联邦食品、药物及化妆品法(以下简称该法)第201节中术语的定义和解释适用于本部分的同类术语。
下列定义亦同样适用:“酸性食品或酸化食品”是指平衡PH值为4.6或低于4.6的食品。
“适当的”指为达到良好的公共卫生规范的预期目的所需要满足的要求。
“面糊”是指一种半流体物质,通常含面粉和其它原料,要加工的主要食品可在其中浸下,或用它涂膜,或直接用它制烘烤食品。
“热烫”坚果和花生除外,指在包装前对食品进行充分时间和充分温度的热处理,以使天然形成的酶部分地或完全失活,并对该食品产生物理或生化方面的变化。
“关键控制点”是指食品加工过程中的一个点,在这个点上控制不好就可能造成或引发危害,或使成品受到杂质污染,或使成品分解。
“食品”指该法201(F)节所定义的食品,包括各种原料的配料。
“食品接触面”指接触人类食品那些表面以及在正常加工过程中会将污水滴溅在食品上或与食品接触的表面上的那些表面。
“食品接触面”包括用具及接触食品的设备的表面。
“批”指在某一自段时间生产的,由具体的代号标记的食品。
GMP规范中英文对照Chapter 1: General Provisions第一章总则Article 1: This Regulation is enacted in accordance with the "Drug Administration Law of The People's Republic of China".第一条根据《中华人民共和国药品管理法》规定,制定本规范。
Article 2: This Regulation is promulgated as the basic guideline for manufacturing and quality control of pharmaceutical products. This Regulation shall be applicable to all the manufacturing processes of drug preparations and to the key manufacturing processes of raw materials which may cause variation in the quality of finished products.第二条本规范是药品生产和质量管理的基本准则。
适用于药品制剂生产的全过程、原料药生产中影响成品质量的关键工序。
Chapter 2: Organization and PersonnelArticle 3: A pharmaceutical enterprise shall establish production and quality control departments. The responsibilities of departments at all levels and personnel shall be clarified, and each department shall be staffed by an appropriate number of management and technical personnel with expert knowledge, manufacturing experience and organization ability. 第三条药品生产企业应建立生产和质量管理机构。
原料药质检目录A总论B质量管理C组织和人员D厂房和设施E设备F文件和目录G材料管理H生产控制和过程控制I原料药和中间体的包装以及起到鉴别作用的标签J贮藏和销售K化验室控制L验证M变化控制N材料的拒收和重新使用O投诉和回收P合同厂家和合同实验室Q代理人和经纪人、贸易商、经销商、分装商和重新贴签商R用细胞培养和发酵的方法制造的原料药S临床试验中所用的原料药项目通过未通过说明A绪论1.自上次FDA检查后,FDA检查报告已经评审,所有不符合规定的区域已经指明。
2.已经评审了来自于地方、国家及其他执法机构所做的检查报告,所有不符合规定的区域已经指明。
3.提供在工厂内所生产的原料药及中间体产品目录。
B质量管理1.质量单位和生产单位互相独立,质量部同时应承担QA和QC的责任。
2.所有与质量有关的活动在操作时是否已经记录?3.在生产、包装和检验时所产生的一切偏差(包括不合格结果)是否已适当调查并采取了纠正行动和做了记录。
a有一个描写失败调查的程序。
b程序描写了可接受的决策标准,其中包括不合格的结果和重试的常规。
c所有的调查研究必须记录并在规定时间进行评审。
d调查研究应包括其结果对有关系统的影响的评价。
e一旦原因查出,应建立一个整改和随访的计划。
4.质量单位是否在成批使用原材料以前已批准了所有原料。
项目通过未通过评价a是否对隔离的物料有适当的释放体系?5是否有程序及时地对执法检查,严重GMP偏差,产品缺陷、回收和投诉进行通知性管理?6是否所有的记录已评审其完整性、准确性和资料的适当记录并字迹清楚?是否在需要时能提供与有关文件的交叉文件。
7质量单位的责任a是否规定了专人释放或拒收中间体和原料药?b是否已建立释放或拒收原料药、中间体、包装材料和标签材料的体系?c质量单位是否全部审查了批生产记录和实验室控制记录以后才释放原料进行销售?d质量单位是否审查和批准了规格、要求和主生产指令?e质量单位是否审查和批准了影响原料药和中间体质量的程序?f质量单位是否进行了内部质量审计?g质量部是否已审计了原材料、中间体和原料药的合同制造商?1)应具有每种成分的可接受的供应商名录。
A 工厂总体印象1厂房与设施、设备1.1 规划/设计:将差错、混淆、交叉污染,灰尘、泥土的累积情况减少到最低限度。
1.2 有效的清洁和维护,且经批准1.3 有控制啮齿动物、昆虫和害虫的SOP,确保建筑物内无昆虫、动物(尤其是龋齿动物),鸟类的存在。
1.4 厂房等建筑物维护良好1.5 检查垃圾箱、标签、产品,废弃物料不断被清除(没有积压)。
1.6 关于卫生的SOP:要有做卫生的时间表、方法、工具。
做卫生的设备要方便易拿有秩序进行的清洁、消毒(包括更衣室?change room,洁具间,盥洗室,食堂)1.7 要有足够的光线,通风系统,过滤系统,测量仪器灰尘控制,适当的湿度、压力和温度。
(外面的空气过滤,回风,达到最低的要求。
)1.8 环境定期监控并记录1.9 生产区:合理的人流物流,足够的空间。
1.10 高致敏性药品的生产要在单独的设施中进行(如青霉素、生物制品、某些抗生素、激素和细胞霉素的生产要在专门的设施中进行。
)1.11 工业用毒药(杀虫剂和除草剂)不应出现在生产药品的厂房中。
1.12 有足够的生产空间和中间站面积1.13 在产尘的地方有捕尘和集尘装置1.14 所有的排水都能收集在排水管里1.15 管道,装置的连接处和其他设施不应有难清洁的地方。
1.16 管道上应贴标签,标出物料和流向。
1.17 地板,墙壁,天花板采用容易清洁的材料。
1.18 贮藏区:确保好的储藏条件(干净、干燥、温度)1.19 设立专署贮藏区:比如易燃的物品、阴凉库、低湿度间。
要有监控报警装置在非正常情况下报警2休息室、盥洗室2.1 休息室、吸烟区和点心间应该和其他区域分开。
2.2 盥洗室的设置对于使用人员应容易上盥洗室且便利。
2.3 盥洗室不能直接和生产区或储藏区相连,要保持干净,通风。
2.4 有肥皂、毛巾、卫生纸,必要时有淋浴设施。
2.5没有外来物料。
(标签、药品)3接收区域3.1 接收和发放区域要能保护原料或产品不受天气影响。
GUIDE TO INSPECTIONS OF STERILE DRUG SUBSTANCE MANUFACTURERSFDA无菌原料药检查指南Note: This document is reference material for investigators and other FDA personnel. The document does not bind FDA, and does no confer any rights, privileges, benefits, or immunities for or on any person(s).注:本文件是FDA现场检查官和其他FDA人员的参考资料。
本文件并不束缚FDA,也不赋予任何人任何权利、特权、好处以便获得赦免。
One of the more difficult processes to inspect and one which has presented considerable problems over the years is that of the manufacture of sterile bulk drug substances. Within the past several years, there have been a number of batches of sterile bulk drug substances from different manufacturers which exhibited microbiological contamination. One manufacturer had approximately 100 batches contaminated in a 6 month time period. Another had approximately 25 batches contaminated in a similar period. Other manufacturers have had recalls due to the lack of assurance of sterility. Although the Inspection Guide for Bulk Drug Substances provides some direction for the inspection of the sterile bulk drug substance, it does not provide the detailed direction needed.在过去多年中,现场检查最难的,也是出现问题最多的领域就是无菌原料药的制造。
fda厂房建设标准FDA factory construction standardsfda厂房建设标准In order to ensure the safety and quality of pharmaceutical products, the FDA has stringent standards for the construction of pharmaceutical factories.为了确保药品的安全和质量,FDA对制药厂房的建设标准非常严格。
From a structural standpoint, the FDA requires that pharmaceutical factory buildings meet specific load-bearing requirements to ensure safety in the event of natural disasters such as earthquakes or high winds.从结构的角度来看,FDA要求制药厂房建筑物满足特定的承重要求,以确保在自然灾害如地震或强风发生时的安全性。
Moreover, the FDA also mandates that pharmaceutical factory buildings be designed to facilitate efficient and thorough cleaning to maintain a sterile environment.此外,FDA还要求制药厂房建筑物的设计要便于进行高效和彻底的清洁,以保持无菌环境。
In terms of materials used, the FDA requires that pharmaceutical factory buildings be constructed using non-porous, durable materials that can withstand frequent sanitization processes.在使用的材料方面,FDA要求制药厂房建筑物采用非多孔、耐用的材料,能够经受频繁的消毒过程。
DIRECTION OF GMP (GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE )OF RAW MATERIALS BY FDATable of Contents 目录1. INTRODUCTION1.1 Objective 目的1.2 Regulatory Applicability法规的适用性1.3 Scope 范围2. QUALITY MANAGEMENT .质量管理2.1 Principles 总则2.2 Responsibilities of the Quality Unit(s) 质量部门的责任2.3 Responsibility for Production Activities 生产作业的职责2.4 Internal Audits (Self Inspection) 内部审计(自检)2.5 Product Quality Review 产品质量审核3. PERSONNEL 人员3.1 Personnel Qualifications 人员的资质3.2 Personnel Hygiene 人员卫生3.3 Consultants 顾问4. BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES 建筑和设施4.1 Design and Construction 设计和结构4.2 Utilities 公用设施4.3 Water 水4.4 Containment 限制4.5 Lighting 照明4.6 Sewage and Refuse 排污和垃圾4.7 Sanitation and Maintenance 卫生和保养5. PROCESS EQUIPMENT 工艺设备5.1 Design and Construction 设计和结构5.2 Equipment Maintenance and Cleaning 设备保养和清洁5.3 Calibration. 校验5.4 Computerized Systems 计算机控制系统6. DOCUMENTATION AND RECORDS 文件和记录6.1 Documentation System and Specifications 文件系统和质量标准6.2 Equipment cleaning and Use Record 设备的清洁和使用记录6.3 Records of Raw Materials, Intermediates, API Labeling and Packaging Materials原料、中间体、原料药的标签和包装材料的记录6.4 Master Production Instructions (Master Production and Control Records)生产工艺规程(主生产和控制记录)6.5 Batch Production Records (Batch Production and Control Records)批生产记录(批生产和控制记录)6.6 Laboratory Control Records 实验室控制记录6.7 Batch Production Record Review 批生产记录审核7. MATERIALS MANAGEMENT 物料管理7.1 General Controls 控制通则7.2 Receipt and Quarantine 接收和待验7.3 Sampling and Testing of Incoming Production Materials 进厂物料的取样与测试7.4 Storage 储存7.5 Re-evaluation 复验8. PRODUCTION AND IN-PROCESS CONTROLS 生产和过程控制8.1 Production Operations 生产操作8.2 Time Limits 时限8.3 In-process Sampling and Controls 工序取样和控制8.4 Blending Batches of Intermediates or APIs 中间体或原料药的混批8.5 Contamination Control 污染控制9. PACKAGING AND IDENTIFICATION LABELING OF APIs AND INTERMEDIATES原料药和中间体的包装和贴签9.1 General 总则9.2 Packaging Materials 包装材料9.3 Label Issuance and Control 标签发放与控制9.4 Packaging and Labeling Operations 包装和贴签操作10. STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION.储存和分发10.1 Warehousing Procedures 入库程序10.2 Distribution Procedures 分发程序11. LABORATORY CONTROLS 实验室控制11.1 General Controls 控制通则11.2 Testing of Intermediates and APIs 中间体和原料药的测试11.3 Validation of Analytical Procedures 分析方法的验证11.4 Certificates of Analysis分析报告单11.5 Stability Monitoring of APIs 原料药的稳定性监测11.6 Expiry and Retest Dating 有效期和复验期11.7 Reserve/Retention Samples 留样12. VALIDATION .验证12.1 Validation Policy 验证方针12.2 Validation Documentation 验证文件12.3 Qualification 确认12.4 Approaches to Process Validation 工艺验证的方法12.5 Process Validation Program 工艺验证的程序12.6 Periodic Review of Validated Systems 验证系统的定期审核12.7 Cleaning Validation 清洗验证12.8 Validation of Analytical Methods 分析方法的验证13. CHANGE CONTROL 变更的控制14. REJECTION AND RE-USE OF MATERIALS.拒收和物料的再利用14.1 Rejection 拒收14.2 Reprocessing 返工14.3 Reworking 重新加工14.4 Recovery of Materials and Solvents 物料与溶剂的回收14.5 Returns 退货15. COMPLAINTS AND RECALLS 投诉与召回16. CONTRACT MANUFACTURERS (INCLUDING LABORATORIES)协议生产商(包括实验室)17. AGENTS, BROKERS, TRADERS, DISTRIBUTORS, REPACKERS, AND RELABELLERS 代理商、经纪人、贸易商、经销商、重新包装者和重新贴签者17.1 Applicability 适用性17.2 Traceability of Distributed APIs and Intermediates已分发的原料药和中间体的可追溯性17.3 Quality Management 质量管理17.4 Repackaging, Relabeling, and Holding of APIs and Intermediates原料药和中间体的重新包装、重新贴签和待检17.5 Stability 稳定性17.6 Transfer of Information 信息的传达17.7 Handling of Complaints and Recalls 投诉和召回的处理17.8 Handling of Returns 退货的处理18. Specific Guidance for APIs Manufactured by Cell Culture/Fermentation用细胞繁殖/发酵生产的原料药的特殊指南18.1 General 总则18.2 Cell Bank Maintenance and Record Keeping 细胞库的维护和记录的保存18.3 Cell Culture/Fermentation 细胞繁殖/发酵18.4 Harvesting, Isolation and Purification 收取、分离和精制18.5 Viral Removal/Inactivation steps 病毒的去除/灭活步骤19. APIs for Use in Clinical Trials 用于临床研究的原料药19.1 General 总则19.2 Quality 质量19.3 Equipment and Facilities设备和设施19.4 Control of Raw Materials 原料的控制19.5 Production 生产19.6 Validation 验证19.7 Changes 变更19.8 Laboratory Controls 实验室控制19.9 Documentation 文件20. Glossary 术语1. INTRODUCTION 1. 简介1.1 Objective 1.1目的This document is intended to provide guidance regarding good manufacturing practice (GMP) for the manufacturing of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) under an appropriate system for managing quality. It is also intended to help ensure that APIs meet the quality and purity characteristics that they purport, or are represented, to possess.本文件旨在为在合适的质量管理体系下制造活性药用成分(以下称原料药)提供有关优良药品生产管理规范(GMP)提供指南。
工业指南非青霉素β-内酰胺类药品防止交叉污染的指导原则目录I.简介II.背景III.建议You can use an alternative approach if the approach satisfies the requirements of the applicable statutes and regulations. If you want to discuss an alternative approach, contact the FDA staff responsible for implementing this guidance. If you cannot identify the appropriate FDA staff, call the appropriate number listed on the title page of this guidance.本指南代表当前FDA对本议题的看法。
本指南并不授予任何人任何特权,也不对FDA或公众起任何约束作用。
如果有替代的方法能满足法律法规的要求,则可以使用该替代方法。
如果想要讨论替代方法,请与FDA负责实施该指南的工作人员联系。
如果不能与指定的合适FDA工作人员联系,请拨打该指南标题页列出的电话号码。
I. INTRODUCTIONI. 简介This guidance describes the importance of implementing manufacturing controls to prevent cross-contamination of finished pharmaceuticals and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with non-penicillin beta-lactam drugs. This guidance also provides information regarding the relative health risk of, and the potential for, cross-reactivity in the classes of sensitizing beta-lactams (including both penicillins and non-penicillin beta-lactams). Finally, this guidance clarifies that manufacturers generally should utilize separate facilities for the manufacture of non-penicillin beta-lactams because those compounds pose health risks associated with cross-reactivity.本指南描述了对非青霉素β-内酰胺类成品和原料药的生产过程进行控制,以防止交叉污染的重要性。
Guidance for IndustryNon-Penicillin Beta-Lactam Drugs:A cGMP Framework for Preventing Cross-Contamination行业指南:预防非青霉素β-内酰胺类药物交叉污染的cGMP框架U.S. Department of Health and Human Services美国卫生与公共服务部Food and Drug Administration美国食品与药品监督管理局Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER)药品评价和研究中心(CDER)April 20132013.04Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMPs)现行质量管理规范(CGMPs)Guidance for IndustryNon-Penicillin Beta-Lactam Drugs:A cGMP Framework for Preventing Cross-Contamination行业指南:预防非青霉素β-内酰胺类药物交叉污染的cGMP框架Additional copies are available from:Office of CommunicationsDivision of Drug Information, WO51, Room 2201Center for Drug Evaluation and ResearchFood and Drug Administration10903 New Hampshire Ave.Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002Phone: 301-796-3400; Fax: 301-847-8714druginfo@/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/default.htmU.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesFood and Drug AdministrationCenter for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER)April 2013Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMP)TABLE OF CONTENTS 目录I. INTRODUCTION简介 (4)II. BACKGROUND背景 (6)III. RECOMMENDATIONS建议 (13)Guidance for Industry1Non-Penicillin Beta-Lactam Drugs:A CGMP Framework for Preventing Cross-Contamination行业指南:预防非青霉素β-内酰胺类药物交叉污染的CGMP框架I. INTRODUCTION 简介This guidance describes the importance of implementing manufacturing controls to prevent cross-contamination of finished pharmaceuticals and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with non-penicillin beta-lactam drugs. This guidance also provides information regarding the relative health risk of, and the potential for, cross-reactivity in the classes of sensitizing beta-lactams (including both penicillins and non-penicillin beta-lactams). Finally, this guidance clarifies that manufacturers generally should utilize separate facilities for the manufacture of non-penicillin beta-lactams because those compounds pose health risks associated with cross-reactivity.本指南阐述了采取生产控制以预防制剂产品、原料药(APIs)与非青霉素β-内酰胺类药物发生交叉污染的重要性,并且提供了不同类别致敏性β-内酰胺类药物(包括青霉素类和非青霉素β-内酰胺类)发生交叉反应的可能性及其相对健康风险信息。
GOOD MANUFACTURE PRACTICE 美国药品生产质量管理规范(CGMP)二○○三年十二月目录210.1 cGMP法规的地位 (2)210.2 cGMP法规的适用性 (2)210.3 定义 (2)211-A- 总则 (4)211-B- 组织与人员 (4)211-C- 厂房和设施 (5)211-D- 设备 (7)211-E- 成份、药品容器和密封件的控制 (8)211-F- 生产和加工控制 (10)211-G- 包装和标签控制 (11)211-H- 贮存和销售 (13)211-I- 实验室控制 (14)211-J- 记录和报告 (16)211-K- 退回的药品和回收处理 (20)210部分—人用及兽用药品的生产、加工、包装或贮存的CGMPPart 210 - CURRENT GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE IN MANUFACTURING, PROCESSING, PACKING, OR HOLDING OF DRUGS; GENERAL210.1 cGMP法规的地位§ 210.1 Status of current good manufacturing practice regulations.(a) 在本部分及21CFR 211—226部分中陈述的法规是在药品生产、加工、包装或贮存中使用的现行生产质量管理规范及使用的设施或控制的最低标准,以保证该药品符合联邦食品、药品及化妆品法对安全性的要求,具有均一性和效价(或含量)并符合或代表其生产过程的质量及纯度等特征。
(a) The regulations set forth in this part and in Parts 211 through 226 of this chapter contain the minimum current good manufacturing practice for methods to be used in, and the facilities or controls to be used for, the manufacture, processing, packing, or holding of a drug to assure that such drug meets the requirements of the act as to safety, and has the identity and strength and meets the quality and purity characteristics that it purports or is represented to possess.(b) 凡是在药品生产、加工、包装或贮存过程中存在任何不符合本部分及21CFR 211—226部分中陈述的法规的药品,依据联邦食品、药品及化妆品法501 (a)(2)-(B),该药应被视为劣药,同时导致该事故发生的负责人应受相应的法规的制裁。
WARNING LETTERCMS 535005December 19, 2017VIA UPS NEXT DAY AIRPaul F. Devine, CEO/PresidentC.O. Truxton, Inc.136 Harding AvenueBellmawr, NJ 08031Dear Mr. Devine:The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inspected your drug manufacturing facility, C.O. Truxton, Inc. (“Truxton”), at 136 Harding Avenue, Bellmawr, New Jersey (FEI 2220338), from April 17 to June 1, 2017.This warning letter summarizes significant violations of current good manufacturing practices (CGMP) regulations for finished pharmaceuticals. See 21 CFR, parts 210 and 211.Because your methods, facilities or controls for manufacturing, processing, packing, or holding do not conform to CGMP, your drug products are adulterated within the meaning of section 501(a)(2)(B) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act), 21 U.S.C. 351(a)(2)(B).In addition, your firm mislabeled drug products, causing them to be misbranded under section 502(b)(2) and 502 (e)(1)(A)(ii) of the FD&C Act, 21 U.S.C. 352(b)(2) and 21 U.S.C. 352(e)(1)(A)(ii). By introducing adulterated and misbranded drugs into interstate commerce you are in violation of section 301(a) of the FD&C Act, 21 U.S.C. 331(a).We reviewed your June 14, 2017, response in detail.During our inspection, our investigator observed specific violations including, but not limited to, the following.CGMP Violations1. Your firm failed to establish a quality control unit with the responsibility and authority to approve or reject all components, drug product containers, closures, in-process materials, packaging materials, labeling, and drug products (21 CFR 211.22(a)).Your firm failed to establish a quality control unit for your drug repackaging operation and you lacked written procedures for production or quality unit responsibilities.You did not address this observation in your response. You stated that “some items were not addressed, as they should not have been done and will not be done by C.O. Truxton Inc., in the future.” We are unclear as to what specific items you referred to in your response.In your response to this letter, provide your procedure detailing the responsibilities of the quality control unit, and outline your repackaging operations with their corresponding procedures. In addition, specify which operations your firm has ceased to perform and the dates on which such operations were halted.2. Your firm failed to establish and follow written procedures to assure that correct labels and packaging materials are used for drug products (21 CFR 211.130).Your firm performs repackaging and labeling operations but did not have written procedures governing the application of packaging and labeling materials to your drug products. You incorrectly labeled a container filled with Phenobarbital tablets 30 mg as Phenobarbital tablets, USP 15 mg (schedule IV) lot 70952A. In the affidavit collected during the inspection, you stated, “I have no records to show the repackaging operation.”You did not address this observation in your response. In your response to this letter, provide your plan, including written procedures, to ensure compliance with CGMP for all drug repackaging activities in which you engage.3. Your firm failed to establish and follow adequate written procedures describing the handling of all written and oral complaints regarding a drug product (21 CFR 211.198(a).Your firm lacked an adequate procedure for handling complaints. You received a complaint regarding a bottle labeled as Phenobarbital Tablets USP (15 mg, 1000 count), lot 70952A. The product received was actually Phenobarbital Tablets USP (30 mg, 1000 count.) You sold this drug product to both human and animal clinics. Your firm did not maintain a record of the complaint or investigate it to determine the cause of the labeling mix-up.In response to our inspection, you drafted and submitted a complaint handling procedure. However, this procedure is inadequate because it lacks adequate provisions to investigate the complaints you receive.In your response to this letter, provide your complaint handling procedure, including cataloguing, tracking, and investigating complaints.4. Your firm failed to establish a written distribution procedure to includea system by which each lot of drug product can be readily determined to facilitate its recall if necessary (21 CFR 211.150(b)).Your firm lacked any procedures describing your drug distribution system. Your distribution system was deficient in that it could not differentiate between the lot number your firm assigns and the lot number assigned by the manufacturer, and therefore there is no product traceability if a recall is required. Our investigator observed that neither your receiving or shipping records included the lot numbers of products you received and shipped.In your response, you stated that, moving forward, only Phendimetrazine manufactured and packaged by (b)(4)will bear the Truxton label. Your response was inadequate because you did not address your firm’s lack of traceability for your repackaged drug products.In your response to this letter, provide your drug distribution and tracking procedures for your repackaged drug products.5. Your firm failed to establish and follow a written testing program designed to assess the stability characteristics of drug products and to use results of such stability testing to determine appropriate storage conditions and expiration dates (21 CFR 211.166(a)).You had no data to support the expiration date of Phenobarbital tablets, USP 15 mg (schedule IV) lot 70952A repackaged from original container-closure system(500-count bottle size) to a new container- closure system (1000-count bottle size). You had not performed stability testing of the drug product in the newcontainer-closure system and you did not have any supporting stability data to support the use of the new container-closure system. In addition, you were unable to provide documentation to show that the container-closure system used to repackage drug products was identical or equivalent to their original container-closure systems.You did not address this observation in your response. In your response to this letter, provide your evaluation of any other drug products that may have been repackaged into a different container-closure system, and the procedures and controls you have in place to assess stability of the drug products in their new container-closure systems. Include your corrective action plan if you find drug products that are unstable in the new container-closure system.Misbranding ViolationsYour phenobarbital tablets were labeled as containing 15 mg of Phenobarbital but in fact the tablets contained 30 mg of Phenobarbital. Further, as labeled, the Phenobarbital 15 mg tablets are misbranded drugs within the meaning of section 502(b)(2) of the FD&C Act, 21 U.S.C. 352(b)(2), in that the labels for these packaged drug products did not bear an accurate statement of the quantity or the contents in terms of weight, measure, or numerical count. Also, your Phenobarbital 15 mg tablets are misbranded within the meaning of section 502(e)(1)(A)(ii) of the FD&C Act, 21 U.S.C. 352(e)(1)(A)(ii), in that the drug product is labeled as Phenobarbital15 mg, and the proportion of the active ingredient in each phenobarbital tablet is 30 mg of Phenobarbital (as identified by tablet markings)In addition to the CGMP violations, your firm repackaged mislabeled drugs in violation of the FD&C Act at your facility. Based on the information collected during the inspection, you mislabeled the following prescription drug, including, but not limited to: Phenobarbital Tablets 30 mg mislabeled as Phenobarbital Tablets 15 mg.As labeled, the Phenobarbital Tablets are misbranded drugs within the meaning of section 502(a) of the FD&C Act, 21 U.S.C. 352(a), in that the labels are false.ConclusionViolations cited in this letter are not intended as an all-inclusive list. You are responsible for investigating these violations, for determining the causes, for preventing their recurrence, and for preventing other violations.If you are considering an action that is likely to lead to a disruption in the supply of drugs produced at your facility, FDA requests that you contact CDER’s Drug Shortages Staff immediately, at*********************.gov,so that FDA can work with you on the most effective way to bring your operations into compliance with the law. Contacting the Drug Shortages Staff also allows you to meet any obligations you may have to report discontinuances or interruptions in your drug manufacture under 21 U.S.C. 356C(b) and allows FDA to consider, as soon as possible, what actions, if any, may be needed to avoid shortages and protect the health of patients who depend on your products.Correct the violations cited in this letter promptly. Failure to promptly correct these violations may result in legal action without further notice, including, without limitation, seizure and injunction.Unresolved violations in this warning letter may also prevent other federal agencies from awarding contracts.Until these violations are corrected, we may withhold approval of pending drug applications listing your facility, or remove your current misbranded drugs listing information from public databases such as the online NDC Directory. We may re-inspect to verify that you have completed your corrective actions.We may also refuse your requests for export certificates.After you receive this letter, respond to this office in writing within 15 working days. Specify what you have done since our inspection to correct your violations and to prevent their recurrence. If you cannot complete corrective actions within 15 working days, state your reasons for delay and your schedule for completion.Send your firm’s response to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10 Waterview Boulevard, 3rdFloor, Parsippany, New Jersey 07054. Refer to CMS case 535005 whenreplying. If you have any questions about this letter, please contact CDR Liatte Krueger, Compliance Officer, at (973) 331-4933.Sincerely,/S/Diana Amador-ToroDivision Director/OPQ Division 1New Jersey District Office警告信CMS 5350052017年12月19日首席执行官兼总裁Paul F. DevineC.O. 如织,Inc.136 哈丁大道贝尔玛尔,NJ 08031尊敬的Devine先生:美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)于2017年4月17日至6月1日在新泽西贝尔玛尔市哈丁大街136号(FEI 2220338)检查了你的药物生产设施C.O. Truxton,Inc.。
中英名词对照不动的水Stagnant water可接近性Accessibility外加研究法Spiking study抗原决定基Epitope依从性Compliance注射用水Water for injection物理性封闭Physically occluded空白物法Placebo method青霉素类Penicillins非反应性材质Non-reactive material洗涤剂Cleaning agent纯净水Purified water清洁剂Detergent细胞毒剂Cytotoxic最低定量浓度Limit of quantitation最低检测浓度Limit of detection最差状况Worst-case scenario媒介质Medium就地清洁Clean-in place减低的清洁参数Reduced cleaning parameter测试到清洁为止Test until clean无效应No effect荷尔蒙Hormone间隔时间Time frame对数性的移除Log removal滞留Carry over盘尼西林Penicillin头孢子菌素类Cephalosporins薄层层析法Thin layer chromatography篮状试验法Bracketing杂质组合Impurity profile类固醇Steroid警报点Alarm point英中名词对照Accessibility可接近性Alarm point警报点Bracketing篮状试验法Carry over滞留Cephalosporins头孢子菌素类Clean-in place就地清洁Cleaning agent洗涤剂Compliance依从性Cytotoxic细胞毒剂Detergent清洁剂Epitope抗原决定基Hormone荷尔蒙Impurity profile杂质组合Limit of detection最低检测浓度Limit of quantitation最低定量浓度Log removal对数性的移除Medium媒介质No effect无效应Non-reactive material非反应性材质Penicillin盘尼西林Penicillins青霉素类Physically occluded物理性封闭Placebo method空白物法Purified water纯净水Reduced cleaning parameter减低的清洁参数Spiking study外加研究法Stagnant water不动的水Steroid类固醇Test until clean测试到清洁为止Thin layer chromatography薄层层析法Time frame间隔时间Water for injection注射用水Worst-case scenario最差状况EWG:专家工作组MRA:现场检查多边协同协议企业常用缩写5S : 5S管理ABC : 作业制成本制度 (Activity-Based Costing)ABB : 实施作业制预算制度 (Activity-Based Budgeting)ABM : 作业制成本管理 (Activity-Base Management)APS : 先进规画与排程系统 (Advanced Planning and Scheduling) ASP : 应用程式服务供应商(Application Service Provider)ATP : 可承诺量 (Available To Promise)AVL : 认可的供应商清单(Approved Vendor List)BOM : 物料清单 (Bill Of Material)BPR : 企业流程再造 (Business Process Reengineering)BSC : 平衡记分卡 (Balanced ScoreCard)BTF : 计划生产 (Build To Forecast)BTO : 订单生产 (Build To Order)CPM : 要径法 (Critical Path Method)CPM : 每一百万个使用者会有几次抱怨(Complaint per Million)CRM : 客户关系管理 (Customer Relationship Management)CRP : 产能需求规划 (Capacity Requirements Planning)CTO : 客制化生产 (Configuration To Order)DBR : 限制驱导式排程法 (Drum-Buffer-Rope)DMT : 成熟度验证(Design Maturing Testing)DVT : 设计验证(Design Verification Testing)DRP : 运销资源计划 (Distribution Resource Planning)DSS : 决策支援系统 (Decision Support System)EC : 设计变更/工程变更 (Engineer Change)EC : 电子商务 (Electronic Commerce)ECRN : 原件规格更改通知(Engineer Change Request Notice)EDI : 电子资料交换 (Electronic Data Interchange)EIS : 主管决策系统 (Executive Information System)EMC : 电磁相容(Electric Magnetic Capability)EOQ : 基本经济订购量 (Economic Order Quantity)ERP : 企业资源规划 (Enterprise Resource Planning)FAE : 应用工程师(Field Application Engineer)FCST : 预估(Forecast)FMS : 弹性制造系统 (Flexible Manufacture System)FQC : 成品品质管制 (Finish or Final Quality Control)IPQC : 制程品质管制 (In-Process Quality Control)IQC : 进料品质管制 (Incoming Quality Control)ISO : 国际标准组织 (International Organization for Standardization) ISAR : 首批样品认可(Initial Sample Approval Request)JIT : 即时管理 (Just In Time)KM : 知识管理 (Knowledge Management)L4L : 逐批订购法 (Lot-for-Lot)LTC : 最小总成本法 (Least Total Cost)LUC : 最小单位成本 (Least Unit Cost)MES : 制造执行系统 (Manufacturing Execution System)MO : 制令(Manufacture Order)MPS : 主生产排程 (Master Production Schedule)MRO : 请修(购)单(Maintenance Repair Operation)MRP : 物料需求规划 (Material Requirement Planning)MRPII : 制造资源计划 (Manufacturing Resource Planning)NFCF : 更改预估量的通知Notice for Changing ForecastOEM : 委托代工 (Original Equipment Manufacture)ODM : 委托设计与制造 (Original Design & Manufacture)OLAP : 线上分析处理 (On-Line Analytical Processing)OLTP : 线上交易处理 (On-Line Transaction Processing)OPT : 最佳生产技术 (Optimized Production Technology)OQC : 出货品质管制 (Out-going Quality Control)PDCA : PDCA管理循环 (Plan-Do-Check-Action)PDM : 产品资料管理系统 (Product Data Management)PERT : 计画评核术 (Program Evaluation and Review Technique)PO : 订单(Purchase Order)POH : 预估在手量 (Product on Hand)PR : 采购申请Purchase RequestQA : 品质保证(Quality Assurance)QC : 品质管制(Quality Control)QCC : 品管圈 (Quality Control Circle)QE : 品质工程(Quality Engineering)RCCP : 粗略产能规划 (Rough Cut Capacity Planning)RMA : 退货验收Returned Material ApprovalROP : 再订购点 (Re-Order Point)SCM : 供应链管理 (Supply Chain Management)SFC : 现场控制 (Shop Floor Control)SIS : 策略资讯系统 (Strategic Information System)SO : 订单(Sales Order)SOR : 特殊订单需求(Special Order Request)SPC : 统计制程管制 (Statistic Process Control)TOC : 限制理论 (Theory of Constraints)TPM : 全面生产管理Total Production ManagementTQC : 全面品质管制 (Total Quality Control)TQM : 全面品质管理 (Total Quality Management)WIP : 在制品 (Work In Process)品管中英文名词对照表Accuracy准确度Active主动Action评价.处理Activity活动Add加Addition rule加法运算规则Analysis Covariance协方差分析Analysis of Variance方差分析Appraisal Variation评价变差Approved承认ASQC美国质量学会Attribute计数值Audit审核Automatic databaserecovery数据库错误自动回复Average平均数balance平衡Balance sheet资产负债对照表Binomial二项分配Body机构Brainstorming Techniques脑力风暴法 Business Systems Planning企业系统规划Cable电缆Capability能力Cause and Effect matrix因果图.鱼骨图Center line中心线check检查Check Sheets检查表Chi-square Distribution 卡方分布Clutch spring离合器弹簧Coining压印加工Common cause共同原因Complaint 投诉Compound factor调合因素Concept新概念Condenser聚光镜Conformity合格Connection 关联Consumer’s risk消费者之风险Control控制Control characteristic管制特性Control chart管制图Control plan管制计划Correction纠正Correlation Methods相关分析法Cost down降低成本CPI: continuouse Process Improvement连续工序改善Creep渐变Cross Tabulation Tables交叉表CS: customer Sevice客户中心Cushion缓冲Customer顾客DSA: Defects Analysis System缺陷分析系统Data数据Data Collection数据收集Data concentrator资料集中缓存器DCC: Document Control Center文控中心Decision决策.判定Defects per unit单位缺点数Description描述Detection难检度Device装置Digital数字Do执行DOE: Design of Experiments实验设计Element元素Else否则Engineering recbnology工程技术Entropy函数Environmental环境Equipment设备Estimated accumulative frequency计算估计累计数EV: Equipment Variation设备变异Event事件External Failure外部失效,外部缺陷FA: Failure Analysis坏品分析Fact control事实管理Fatique疲劳FMEA: Failure Mode and Effect analysis失效模式与效果分析FPY合格率FQA: Final Quality Assurance最终品质保证FQC: Final Quality control最终品质控制Full-steer完全转向f unction职能Gauge system量测系统Grade等级Gum-roll橡皮滚筒Health meter体重计Heat press冲压粘着Histogram直方图Hi-tech高科技hypergeometric超几何分配hysteresis磁滞现象Improvement改善Inductance电感Information信息Initial review先期审查Inspection检验Internal Failure内部失效,内部缺陷IPQC: In Process Quality Control制程品质控制IQC: Incomming Quality Control来料品质控制ISO: International Organization for Standardization国际标准组织Law of large number大数法则Link连接LCL: Lower Control limit管制下限LQC: Line Quality Control生产线品质控制LSL: Lower Size Limit规格下限Machine机械Manage管理Materials物料Measurement量测Median中位数Miss feed漏送Module,sub-system,sub-unit单位Momentum原动力Monte garlo method原子核分裂热运动法MSA: Measurement System Analysis量测系统分析Multiplication rule乘法运算规则NIST美国标准技术院Normal常态分布Occurrence发生率On.off system 开,关系统Operation Instruction作业指导书Organization组织Parameter参数Parto 柏拉图Parts零件Parts per million不良率Passive消极的,被动的Plan计划Pulse脉冲Policy方针Population群体Power力量,能源PQA: Process Quality Assurance制程品质保证Practice实务Precision精密度preemptive先占式多任务Pressure压缩Prevention预防Probability机率Probability density function机率密度函数Procedure流程Process过程Process capability analysis制程能力分析图Process control and process capability制程管制与制程能力Producer’s risk生产者之风险Product产品Production生产Program方案Projects项目QA: Quality Assurance品质保证QC: Quality Control品质控制QE: Quality Engineering品质工程QFD: Quality Function Desgin品质机能展开Quality质量Quality manual品质手册Quality policy品质政策Random experiment随机试验Random numbers随机数Range全距Record记录Reflow回流Reject拒收Repair返修Repeatusility再现性Reproducibility再生性Requirement要求Residual误差Response响应Responsibilities职责Review评审Reword返工Robustness稳健性Rolled yield直通率RPN: Risk Priority Number风险系数sample抽样,样本Sample space样本空间Sampling with replacement放回抽样Sampling without peplacement不放回抽样Scatter diagram散布图分析Scrap报废Screw螺旋Severity严重度Shot-peening微粒冲击平面法Simple random sampling 简单随机取样Size规格SL: Size Line规格中心线Slip滑动Stratified random sampling 分层随机抽样SOP: Standard Operation Procedure标准作业书SPC: Statistical Process Control统计制程管制Special cause特殊原因Specification规SQA:Source(Supplier) Quality Assurance供货商品质保证Stage sampling分段随机抽样Standard Deviation标准差Sum of squares统计表supplier平方和System供方systematic sampling系统,体系Statistical tables系统抽样Taguchi-method田口方法Technical committees技术委员会Test piece测试片Theory原理Time stamp时间戳印Time-lag延迟Title 标题Torque 转矩Total求和TQC: Total Quality Control全面品质控制TQM: Total Quality Management全面品质管理Traceablity追溯Training培训Transaction processing and logging交易处理Trouble困扰Up and down上和下UCL: Upper Control Limit管制上限USL: Upper Size Limit规格上限Validation确认Variable计量值Variance变异和Vector向量Verification验证Version版本VOC: voice of Customer客户需求VOE: Voice of Engineer工程需求。
美国FDA食品生产企业GMP法规美国FDA食品生产企业GMP(良好操作规范)法规(21 CFR part110)A 总则§110.3定义联邦食品、药物及化妆品法(以下简称该法案)第210节中术语的定义和解释适用于本法规的同类术语,下列定义亦同样适用:(a)酸性食品或酸化食品(Acid foods or acidified foods):平衡pH值等于或低于4.6的食品。
(b)适当的(Adequate)为完成良好公共卫生规范的预定目标所需要的要求。
(c)面糊(Batter):一种半流体物质,通常包含面粉和其它成分。
可在其中浸蘸食品的主要成分,或用它涂在外表,或直接用它制成焙烤食品。
(d)烫漂(Blanching):在包装前对食品(不包括树生坚果和花生)进行热处理,使天然酶部分或完全失活,并使该食品发生物理或生化的变化。
(e)关键控制点(Critical control point):食品加工过程中的一个点,若该点控制不当,极可能造成、引发或导致危害,或导致成品污染,或导致成品分解。
(f)食品(Food):指210法案(f)节所定义的食品,包括各种原料和配料。
(g)食品接触面(Food contact surfaces):接触食品的那些表面以及经常在正常加工过程中会将污水滴溅在食品上或溅在接触食品的那些表面上的表面。
“食品接触面”包括用具及接触食品的设备表面。
(h)批(Lot):在某一时间段内生产的用具体编号标记的食品。
(i)微生物(Microorganisms):酵母菌、霉菌、细菌和病毒,并包括但不限于对公众健康产生影响的那些微生物种类。
“不良微生物(undesirable microorganisms)”包括那些对公众健康产生显著影响的微生物,会使食品分解的微生物,会使食品受到杂质污染的微生物,或使食品成为该法案所指的掺杂食品的微生物。
在某些情况下,美国FDA在这些法规中使用形容词“微生物的(microbial)”,替代包含“微生物(microorganism)”的形容词短语。
美国FDA原料药生产质量管理规范中英文美国FDA原料药生产质量管理规范中英文Introduction随着全球经济一体化的加强,越来越多的中国企业涉足国际市场,其中不乏涉足美国市场的API生产企业。
进入美国市场需要遵守美国FDA颁布的诸多规章制度,包括FDA原料药生产质量管理规范。
本文将介绍该规范中英文的要点。
Background美国FDA原料药生产质量管理规范通常被简称为cGMP,是一套针对药品制造和质量控制的可遵守的最低标准。
该规范确保制造药品的每一个阶段都符合FDA的要求,从而保证了药品的安全、有效和质量稳定。
Requirements以下是FDA原料药生产质量管理规范中的主要要求。
以下为英文版。
1. Ensure that manufacturing processes are clearly defined and controlled.2. Establish robust systems for handling deviations andnon-conformances.3. Implement effective quality risk management.4. Ensure that raw materials and components are of appropriate quality.5. Follow appropriate validation procedures for equipment, systems, and processes.6. Establish and maintain a comprehensive quality control system.7. Implement and maintain effective documentation and record-keeping practices.8. Train personnel on GMP principles and procedures.9. Establish and maintain effective measures for preventing contamination and cross-contamination.10. Implement effective procedures for managing recalls and complaints.Translation以下是FDA原料药生产质量管理规范的中文版本。
美国FDA原料药生产质量管理规范(中英文)DIRECTION OF GMP (GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE )OFRAW MATERIALS BY FDA美国FDA原料药生产质量管理规范(中英文)Table of Contents 目录1. INTRODUCTION 简介1.1 Objective 目的1.2 Regulatory Applicability法规的适用性1.3 Scope 范围2. QUALITY MANAGEMENT .质量管理2.1 Principles 总则2.2 Responsibilities of the Quality Unit(s) 质量部门的责任2.3 Responsibility for Production Activities 生产作业的职责2.4 Internal Audits (Self Inspection) 内部审计(自检)2.5 Product Quality Review 产品质量审核3. PERSONNEL 人员3.1 Personnel Qualifications 人员的资质3.2 Personnel Hygiene 人员卫生3.3 Consultants 顾问4. BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES 建筑和设施4.1 Design and Construction 设计和结构4.2 Utilities 公用设施4.3 Water 水4.4 Containment 限制4.5 Lighting 照明4.6 Sewage and Refuse 排污和垃圾4.7 Sanitation and Maintenance 卫生和保养5. PROCESS EQUIPMENT 工艺设备5.1 Design and Construction 设计和结构5.2 Equipment Maintenance and Cleaning 设备保养和清洁5.3 Calibration. 校验5.4 Computerized Systems 计算机控制系统6. DOCUMENTATION AND RECORDS 文件和记录6.1 Documentation System and Specifications 文件系统和质量标准6.2 Equipment cleaning and Use Record 设备的清洁和使用记录6.3 Records of Raw Materials, Intermediates, API Labeling and Packaging Materials 原料、中间体、原料药的标签和包装材料的记录6.4 Master Production Instructions (Master Production and Control Records)生产工艺规程(主生产和控制记录)6.5 Batch Production Records (Batch Production and Control Records)批生产记录(批生产和控制记录)6.6 Laboratory Control Records 实验室控制记录6.7 Batch Production Record Review 批生产记录审核7. MATERIALS MANAGEMENT 物料管理7.1 General Controls 控制通则7.2 Receipt and Quarantine 接收和待验7.3 Sampling and Testing of Incoming Production Materials 进厂物料的取样与测试7.4 Storage 储存7.5 Re-evaluation 复验8. PRODUCTION AND IN-PROCESS CONTROLS 生产和过程控制8.1 Production Operations 生产操作8.2 Time Limits 时限8.3 In-process Sampling and Controls 工序取样和控制8.4 Blending Batches of Intermediates or APIs 中间体或原料药的混批8.5 Contamination Control 污染控制9. PACKAGING AND IDENTIFICATION LABELING OF APIs AND INTERMEDIATES原料药和中间体的包装和贴签9.1 General 总则9.2 Packaging Materials 包装材料9.3 Label Issuance and Control 标签发放与控制9.4 Packaging and Labeling Operations 包装和贴签操作10. STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION.储存和分发10.1 Warehousing Procedures 入库程序10.2 Distribution Procedures 分发程序11. LABORATORY CONTROLS 实验室控制11.1 General Controls 控制通则11.2 Testing of Intermediates and APIs 中间体和原料药的测试11.3 Validation of Analytical Procedures 分析方法的验证11.4 Certificates of Analysis分析报告单11.5 Stability Monitoring of APIs 原料药的稳定性监测11.6 Expiry and Retest Dating 有效期和复验期11.7 Reserve/Retention Samples 留样12. VALIDATION .验证12.1 Validation Policy 验证方针12.2 Validation Documentation 验证文件12.3 Qualification 确认12.4 Approaches to Process Validation 工艺验证的方法12.5 Process Validation Program 工艺验证的程序12.6 Periodic Review of Validated Systems 验证系统的定期审核12.7 Cleaning Validation 清洗验证12.8 Validation of Analytical Methods 分析方法的验证13. CHANGE CONTROL 变更的控制14. REJECTION AND RE-USE OF MATERIALS.拒收和物料的再利用14.1 Rejection 拒收14.2 Reprocessing 返工14.3 Reworking 重新加工14.4 Recovery of Materials and Solvents 物料与溶剂的回收14.5 Returns 退货15. COMPLAINTS AND RECALLS 投诉与召回16. CONTRACT MANUFACTURERS (INCLUDING LABORATORIES)协议生产商(包括实验室)17. AGENTS, BROKERS, TRADERS, DISTRIBUTORS, REPACKERS, AND RELABELLERS 代理商、经纪人、贸易商、经销商、重新包装者和重新贴签者17.1 Applicability 适用性17.2 Traceability of Distributed APIs and Intermediates已分发的原料药和中间体的可追溯性17.3 Quality Management 质量管理17.4 Repackaging, Relabeling, and Holding of APIs and Intermediates原料药和中间体的重新包装、重新贴签和待检17.5 Stability 稳定性17.6 Transfer of Information 信息的传达17.7 Handling of Complaints and Recalls 投诉和召回的处理17.8 Handling of Returns 退货的处理18. Specific Guidance for APIs Manufactured by Cell Culture/Fermentation用细胞繁殖/发酵生产的原料药的特殊指南18.1 General 总则18.2 Cell Bank Maintenance and Record Keeping 细胞库的维护和记录的保存18.3 Cell Culture/Fermentation 细胞繁殖/发酵18.4 Harvesting, Isolation and Purification 收取、分离和精制18.5 Viral Removal/Inactivation steps 病毒的去除/灭活步骤19. APIs for Use in Clinical Trials 用于临床研究的原料药19.1 General 总则19.2 Quality 质量19.3 Equipment and Facilities设备和设施19.4 Control of Raw Materials 原料的控制19.5 Production 生产19.6 Validation 验证19.7 Changes 变更19.8 Laboratory Controls 实验室控制19.9 Documentation 文件20. Glossary 术语1. INTRODUCTION 1. 简介1.1 Objective 1.1目的This document is intended to provide guidance regarding good manufacturing practice (GMP) for the manufacturing of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) under an appropriate system for managing quality. It is also intended to help ensure that APIs meet the quality and purity characteristics that they purport, or are represented, to possess.本文件旨在为在合适的质量管理体系下制造活性药用成分(以下称原料药)提供有关优良药品生产管理规范(GMP)提供指南。
美国FDA指导原则CPGSEC300400标识为无菌的设备受到污染英文原版Introduction:Background:Sterile equipment is vital for medical procedures to prevent infections and other potentially harmful consequences. However, there have been instances where equipment labeled as sterile or intended for single-use has been found to be contaminated. This poses a significant risk to patients' health and safety.FDA Guidance Principles:1. Pre-Market Approval:The FDA requires medical device manufacturers to submit pre-market approval applications before marketing and distributing their products. The application process includes detailed information on the manufacturing, safety, and performance of the product. Manufacturers should adhere to FDA regulations for sterility assurance to minimize the risk of contamination.2. Quality System Regulation:3. Design and Manufacturing Controls:Manufacturers should incorporate design controls to ensure the sterility of the device throughout its lifecycle. This includes proper materials selection, manufacturing processes,and packaging techniques. Critical manufacturing processes, such as sterilization, should be validated and periodically reviewed for continued effectiveness.4. Labeling and Instructions for Use (IFU):5. Risk Management:6. Post-Market Surveillance:Conclusion:。
符合FDA规定的原料药生产设施设备的确认2007-09-01 14:18:58 作者:gemro Services Ltd 来源:浏览次数:343法例规定用于药品生产的厂房须要按药品生产质量管理规范(GMP)的要求进行确认。
确认现已成为产品质量保证系统中不可缺少的一部分。
但是对于如何具体地进行确认 , 尤其是关于一个新的综合项目在规划和工程建设 ...法例规定用于药品生产的厂房须要按药品生产质量管理规范(GMP)的要求进行确认。
确认现已成为产品质量保证系统中不可缺少的一部分。
但是对于如何具体地进行确认 ,尤其是关于一个新的综合项目在规划和工程建设阶段的确认活动,仍然存在很多盲点。
此外 , 对现有厂房的确认和验证进行优化也是一项极具挑战性的工作 , 特别是当生产企业特别关注如何降低成本这一问题时。
作者首先介绍了有关验证和确认的 GMP 法规及一些重要的定义和概念;然后对 DQ ﹑ IQ ﹑ OQ ﹑ PQ ﹑校验和维修的内容进行了较详细的介绍;同时,对确认的检查测试项目进行了列表总结 , 并列举了具体的实例。
文章特别对新建车间及其设施设备的施工过程中的综合性确认进行了重点阐述。
最后,文章对现有厂房的确认也作了简短的介绍。
关键词GMP﹑FDA﹑验证﹑确认﹑风险分析﹑用户要求标准(URS)﹑DQ﹑IQ﹑OQ﹑PQ﹑校验﹑维修1 、导言验证是药品质量管理规范(GMP)的重要组成部分和产品质量保证的重要措施。
近年来 , 验证不仅对成品药生产者 , 而且也对原料药生产者都变得越来越重要。
现在人们已经普遍接受已有的适用于原料药生产的设施设备确认和工艺方法验证的法规 1,2,3,新的、用于更广范围的 GMP 法规和指南正不断出现 4 , 5 。
特别是当今在世界范围内获得认可及有效的 ICHQ 7a 指南,明确地指明了验证和确认的具体内容并强调了其重要性。
目前大量的专家小组已就该题目 , 制定和发表了很多有关的指南和文献。
3.1 Facility Design and Layout厂房设置及布置This page will address various regulatory issues related to this section of the GMP Institute framework. Click below to view the issues that are relevant to you. Penicillin Issues青霉素问题What do the CGMPs mean by separate facilities? Must the buildings be totally separated, or are the CGMPs satisfied when the floors are physically separated with separate air filtration units installed?CGMP规定独立的厂房是什么意思?厂房必须完全独立吗?在安装有独立的空气过滤系统的情况下,楼层之间采取物理隔离可以吗?Is it acceptable to manufacture penicillin and non-penicillin products in the same facility on a campaign (i.e., the conversion of production facilities to a different product line on a routine basis) basis, with adequate cleaning validation procedures in place?在同一个厂房里生产青霉素和非青霉素产品,在有足够清洁的前提下,可接受吗?Is it acceptable to manufacture penicillin products in the same facility as cephalosporin?在同一个厂房内生产青霉素和头孢产品可以接受吗?Can a facility that produced penicillin dosage forms be decontaminated and renovated for production of non-penicillin solid dosage forms provided there is no further penicillin production in the renovated facility?一个生产制剂的厂房,如果在去除污染和改造的前提下且不会再被用于生产青霉素产品,可否用于生产非青霉素产品,Is there an acceptable level of penicillin residue in non-penicillin drug products?在非青霉素药品中青霉素的残留标准是多少?If a firm's only operation is performing finished packaging operations for bulk tablet and capsule drug products, must it still maintain separate facilities and equipment for packaging penicillin products?如果一个公司的操作仅仅是片剂和胶囊的包装,也必须是独立的厂房及设备吗?What do the CGMPs mean by separate facilities? Must the buildings be totally separated, or are the CGMPs satisfied when the floors are physically separated with separate air filtration units installed?CGMP规定独立的厂房是什么意思?厂房必须完全独立吗?在安装有独立的空气过滤系统的情况下,楼层之间采取物理隔离可以吗?References:21 CFR 211.42(d) Design, and construction features21 CFR 211.46(d) Ventilation, air filtration, air heating and cooling21 CFR 211.176 Penicillin contaminationFederal Register, 9/29/78 (Vol.43, No.190, Book 2) Preamble to the CGMPs at comment 142CGMP regulations [21 CFR 211.42(d) and 211.46(d)] require separation of penicillins from non-penicillins during processing. The discussion of the comments in the preamble to the regulations note that "…isolation of penicillin production operations…can be achieved by sealing off…the two operations." "…does not necessarily mean…separate buildings." Thus, there can be a "building within a building"- i.e. two buildings are not required. However, there must be total separation of operations, meaning every aspect of the operations must be separate. Adequate separation should include physical barriers and separate air handling systems. Personnel and equipment from the penicillin facility should not enter thenon-penicillin facility. These should operate with well established written procedures and controls. The separation should be audited, procedures validated, and where necessary monitored.CGMP 法规[21 CFR 211.42(d) and 211.46(d)]要求青霉素与非青霉素产品在加工中独立。
相关的讨论观点“青霉素产品操作的隔离可以通过将两个操作完全分开而达到”,“并不需要独立的厂房”。
这样,可以设计成“建筑物中之建筑物”,也就是说,两个建筑是没有必要的。
然而,操作上必须完全隔离,也就是说,每一个方面都应完全隔离。
充足的隔离应当包括:物理上的屏障及通风系统的隔离。
青霉素厂房的人员及设备不应进行非青霉素的厂房。
这些需要建立良好的书面程序并进行控制。
这种隔离应进行审计,程序应经验证,如果需要还应进行监测。
Even with separation, if any possibility of contamination exists, the non-penicillin products must be tested (21 CFR 211.176). An example of possible contamination could be inadequate controls over movement of equipment or personnel. Section 211.176 requires non-penicillin products to be tested for traces of penicillin where the possibility of exposure exists, and not marketed if detectable levels of penicillin are found.即使在隔离状态下,如果存在任何被污染的可能,非青霉素产品应该经过检验。
一个可能污染的例子可能是人员及设备的不充分控制。
Section 211.176要求如果存在青霉素产品暴露的可能,非青霉素产品应经检查,以追踪是否存在青霉素,如果检测到青霉素产品的残留,产品不应销售。
While this section prohibits marketing of products found to be contaminated with penicillin, it does not sanction marketing of non-penicillin products based only on test results that show no detectable levels of such contamination. Other CGMP requirements must still be met. For a discussion on this issue, please review the article "Is it acceptable under section 211.176 to release products to market as long as the products are tested and no penicillin is found?" published in "Human Drug CGMP Notes" (Volume 6, Issue 2, June 1998).当这些禁止上市的产品里发现被青霉素污染时,并不仅仅是根据检测结果证明在污染水平以下而不能流入市场。
同时必须满足其它CGMP要求也。
关于此部分的讨论,请参照"Is it acceptable under section 211.176 to release products to market as long as the products are tested and no penicillin is found?" published in "Human Drug CGMP Notes" (Volume 6, Issue 2, June 1998).Cross contamination issues have been a concern for a number of years, and continue to be problematic. In one penicillin cross-contamination case reviewed it wasdemonstrated how a non-penicillin facility was contaminated by a separate penicillin facility located in the same manufacturing campus. This occurred due to lack of controls regarding movements of personnel, equipment and materials. In another case, CDER concurred with a district recommendation to withhold approval on a sensitizing beta-lactam manufacturing facility that was adjacent to another drug processing building, due to the lack of containment controls which ensured against cross contamination of the other drugs.交叉污染的问题多年来一直是个关注的问题,并且还会继续是个问题。