英语翻译基础(英汉互译)模拟试卷15(题后含答案及解析)

英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷15 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Similarly in Thailand and Korea, biogas is being investigated as an

alternative to costly charcoal ad to save compost materials from being burned.

正确答案： 沼气：一举多得 在几乎所有的发展中国家，缺少经济、方便、可靠的燃料源是个大问题。农村地区大部分依赖于煤油、木材、家畜的粪便以满足他们做饭照明之需。但是现在煤油的价格已使很多人可望而不可及，而除了在森林茂密的地区，木材也是供应短缺。寻找木材占据了工作日的很大一部分时间，造成了大面积的森林破坏。 在任何有家畜的地方，粪便都会源源不断，当其干了之后，便于储存使用。但是，烧了它会破坏其增肥的价值，因此使土壤失去腐殖土和氮这些极需的原料。 发展中国家的农村地区还深受卫生设施体系不完善的困扰。不合理的废物处理传播疾病，污染水源，给疾病携带昆虫提供了寄生之所。 诸如提高环境清洁卫生，节约资源，寻找燃料替代品等问题，也许毫不相干。但是，正如许多做沼气技术实验的国家渐渐发现的那样，他们的解决方法并非毫不相关。沼气，是甲烷和二氧化碳的混合物，是有机物发酵后产生的。厌氧发酵是自然过程，任何生物腐烂时都会发生。在沼气池或沼气厂内装上此物质，进行这个过程，然后就可以收集可燃气体并且用于家庭照明和做饭。发酵后的浆液可洒在地上，用作土壤改良剂和化肥。 近些年，沼气厂已吸引了广泛关注，并已在一些亚洲国家投入使用：据报道，印度农村地区有36000家，韩国有27000家，中国有80000多家。沼气的价值是大多数国家建沼气厂的主要原因：比如，印度70％的沼气厂建于1975年至1976年间的能源和化肥危机，尽管沼气的使用可追溯至1951年。同样在泰国、韩国，据调查，沼气是花费较高的木炭的替代物以减少燃烧堆肥物质。 涉及知识点：英译汉

3． Preserving Water Sources Recently we held a successful daylong

workshop that was attended by local primary and secondary school teachers as well as

several university students representing the environmental groups on their campuses.

The workshop was unique: To convey how critical water is to the survival of society,

we showed to what an extent our bodies are water and how the natural environment

also revolves around it. We depicted the intimate connection between the functions of

the human body and water, and further showed how human systems have parallels in

nature. Our participants were amazed that, when shown on the same scale, the human

cardiovascular system of veins and arteries and an aerial view of a river system were

so much alike as to be indistinguishable. We also showed them the similarities

between a human bone and a tree. Nerves, when a person experiences pleasure, look

relaxed and have many curves, like a healthy river that also has numerous bends and

curves. We contrasted these with a picture of a nerve straight and stiff as it feels pain;

alongside it we placed a picture of a river that has been manipulated by human

engineering and rendered straight, unhealthy and lifeless. Once our participants

had gained a new appreciation for water, the urgent need to protect this precious

resource became plain to them. We followed up by spending some time thinking

about concrete projects that they could undertake with their students or green groups.

Many great project ideas were voiced that day and some are already getting underway.

A secondary school in Tianjin is beginning a campus greening project and wants to

include greywater treatment as well as rainwater collection in their plan. Students

from a local university are campaigning to reduce the water usage in their bathhouses.

Currently, students pay one price for a shower of unlimited length, which invariably

leads to waste. Their approach to cutting waste includes changing the pricing scheme

and replacing the showerheads in their bathhouses with a water-saving type.

正确答案： 保护水资源 最近，我们成功地举办了为期一天的研讨会。参加者是当地的中小学老师，还有一些大学生，他们代表自己大学的环保小组。研讨会别具一格：为了说明水对社会延续有多么重要，我们演示了人体内水占多少比例，自然界又如何离不开水。我们描述了人体各项功能与水的密切关系，并进一步演示了人体各系统如何与自然界相类似。当把人体静脉和动脉组成的心血管系统与河流体系的航空鸟瞰图以同一比例尺寸相比时，二者相似之极，简直难以区分，这使与会者大为惊奇。我们还向他们展示了人的骨骼与一棵树的相似之处。而神经呢，当一个人愉快时，就松弛下来，有许多曲线，就像一条正常的河流有许多弯弯曲曲一样。与此对照的一幅画是，神经在受痛苦时变得僵直；而旁边放着一张河流的照片，该河流由于人类工程改道而变得笔直、反常、死气沉沉。

与会者一旦对水有了新的了解，那么保护这一珍贵资源乃当务之急也就不言而喻了。接着，我们又花了一些时间探讨与会者同自己的学生或绿色组织能够承担的具体项目。 那天会上提出了许多很好的项目创意，有的已在进行之中。天津一中学已启动一项绿化校园计划；他们打算把污水处理与雨水收集包括在计划内。当地一所大学的学生们正发起一场在浴室中减少用水的宣传活动。目前，学生们付一次费可以洗多长时间不受限制，这难免引起浪费。他们制止浪费的方法包括改变收费办法，并给浴室换上节水型喷头。 涉及知识点：英译汉

4． Energy Crisis The U. S. Census Bureau has estimated that the

population of the United States could approach 300 million in 2000 and will be 400

million in 2020. And the U. S. Department of Commerce estimates that the average U.

S. per capital income will increase from $ 3, 400 in 1969 to the equivalent of $ 8, 300

( assuming a 1967 price level) in the year 2000, 2. 5 times as much as that of 1969.

According to government statistics, in the United States, there are over 110 million

cars and 15 million commercial vehicles or trucks. And “more people” means “more

cars”. By the end of the twenties of next century, the population of the United States

will have doubled that of today and the number of automobiles will be doubled as

well. And in twenty years’ time the per capita income will also be 2. 5 times higher

than it is now. If this increased income is spent on more and larger automobiles, larger

houses, and increased consumption of other material goods, the results could cause

catastrophic resource exhaustion, and pollution. Take the increase of the consumption