动词不定式的被动语态用法
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省略to的动词不定式在被动语态中如何应用,to该如何还原?
感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to ,但变为被动语态时,须加上to 。
例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed b y.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
带有to的不定式怎样变被动语态?
比如:People oughtn't to criticze her for this matter.
ought to do中,to do并不是不定式,ought to 应看作一个整体,相当于一个情态动词,所以这个句子变不定式应按情态动词的变法:
can do --> can be done
ought to do --> ought to be done
People oughtn't to criticze her for this matter.
-->
She oughtn't to be criticized (by people) for this matter.。
详解动词不定式的五种“式”不定式根据其发生的时间不同以及所处的状语的不同,可以有一般式、完成式、进行式、完成进行式,同时根据它与逻辑主语的关系的不同,可以有主动式和被动式。
如下表:一、不定式一般式的用法1. 表示未发生的动作即表示发生在谓语动作之后的动作。
如:I expect him to arrive tomorr ow. 我预计他明天到达。
I hope to catchan earlytrain.我希望赶上早班火车。
The doctor advise d me to take a comple te rest. 医生建议我完全休息。
2. 表示同时发生的动作即表示与谓语动作同时发生或略先于谓语动作的动作。
如:Who heardhim say that? 是谁听到他这样说的?(say与he ard几乎同时发生) I‟msorryto hear that. 听到这事我很难过。
(to hear 略先于amsorry)3. 表示一般情况即看不出动作的先后关系,而是表示一种情况或现象。
如:Washin g the car seemsto be your main hobby.擦洗汽车似乎是你的主要爱好。
None of her many lovers seemed to want to marryher. 在她的许多情人中似乎没有一个愿意娶她的。
二、不定式进行式的用法1. 表示同时进行即表示与谓语动作同时发生且正在进行的动作。
如:He seemsto be follow ing us. 他似乎在跟着我们。
He preten ded to be lookin g for a book. 他假装在找书。
I happen ed to be lookin g out of the window when they arrive d. 他们到达时我碰巧正向窗外望去。
非谓语动词用法精讲动词不定式与被动语态的用法动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式,可以用来表示动作、状态、目的、结果等,并且在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。
本文将对动词不定式的用法进行精讲,并探讨与被动语态的关系。
一、动词不定式的基本形式动词不定式的基本形式是由“to + 动词原形”构成,如:to eat,to play,to sleep等。
根据句子的需要,动词不定式可以进行时态的变化、情态动词的变化和宾语的变化。
1. 动词不定式的时态变化动词不定式能够表达的时态有现在时、过去时和将来时。
以动词“to study”为例,其时态变化如下:现在时:to study(一般现在时);to be studying(进行时);to have studied(完成时);过去时:to have studied(一般过去时);to have been studying(过去进行时);将来时:to be going to study(将来时);to be about to study(即将发生)。
2. 动词不定式与情态动词的变化情态动词与动词不定式联用时,情态动词的形式保持不变,而动词不定式则仍保持原来的基本形式。
如:I can swim.(我会游泳。
)She must be careful.(她必须小心。
)He should apologize.(他应该道歉。
)3. 动词不定式作宾语动词不定式常常作为动词的宾语,说明动作或状态的对象。
常见的动词有want, hope, decide, plan, try, like等。
如:She wants to learn Chinese.(她想学中文。
)I hope to visit Beijing next year.(我希望明年去北京。
)4. 动词不定式作表语动词不定式还可以作表语,说明主语的身份、职业、爱好等。
如:Her dream is to be a teacher.(她的梦想是成为一名教师。
•不定式的被动式的概念:如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式要用被动式。
如:The next thing to be done is to get our classroom pained.•不定式被动式的用法:一、基本形式:不定式被动式的基本形式为to be done;若表示动作先于另一动作之前,则用完成式,即to have been done。
二、用法归纳:不定式被动式在句中可以用作:1、主语:如:It's a great honour to be invited to the banquet. 承蒙邀请赴宴,甚是荣幸。
To be attacked by the enemy is not a bad thing, but a good tiring. 被敌人反对是好事,不是坏事。
It's a pity to be kept in the house in fine weather. 好天气时被留在家里是很遗憾的。
2、表语:如:All this is to be sold. 所有这些都是出售的。
Water must be pure if it is to be drunk. 水如供饮用必须净化。
The switchboard is to be manned at all times. 任何时候电话总机那儿都应有专人在岗负责。
3、宾语:如:She doesn't want to be separated from him. 她不愿和他分开。
He begged to be allowed to return to Brazil. 他恳求允许他返回巴西。
I don't wish to be disturbed in my work. 在工作时我不愿意被人打扰。
They demanded to be shown the authentic documents. 他们要求出示真实可靠的文件。
不定式在被动语态中的成分-充当成分-用法当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的宾语或承当者时,这个不定式要用被动语态。
(一般时态通常表示将来的动作;完成时态表示发生在谓语之前的动作)。
不定式的被动形式在句中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、主补语、宾补语、定语、动名词等。
1.用作主语。
例如:It is an honour for me to be invited to the party.我被邀请参加晚会,这是个荣幸的事。
2.用作表语。
例如:Nothing seems to have been forgotten.仿佛一切都记忆犹新。
The problem remains to be further discussed in detail.这个问题尚必须进一步具体讨论。
3.用作宾语。
例如:She asked to be sent to our college.她请求派到我们学院。
The students wanted to be given more experiments to do.同学们想多给些实验做。
More than half a century after his death,he continues to be read and quoted.他去世已经半个多世纪,他的著作持续为人们阅读和引用。
4.用作主语补语。
例如:Transistors are known to be widely used in radio industry.晶体管被公认广泛用到无线电工业中。
This book is said to have been translated into English.据说这本书已经译成〔英语〕。
5.用作宾语补语。
例如:He did not like his intention to be laughed at.他不喜爱自己的意图受到讥笑。
6.用作定语。
例如:This question will be discussed at the conference to be held next month.这个问题将在下月举行的会议上讨论。
动词不定式的被动语态要点归纳1. 一般来说,如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是动作的执行者,动词不定式用主动式;如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者,动词不定式用被动式。
如:He gave orders for the work to be done at once. 他下令那项工作要立刻完成。
(“work”为动词不定式的逻辑主语,“to do”这个动作不是逻辑主语发出的,故动词不定式要用被动式)He ordered us to do the work at once. 他命令我们立刻完成那项工作。
(“us”为动词不定式的逻辑主语,“to do”这个动作是逻辑主语发出的,故动词不定式用主动式)2. 在“主语+ be + 形容词或某些名词+ 动词不定式”结构中,常可看作是省略了动词不定式的逻辑主语for sb 结构,故动词不定式用主动式。
如:The car is difficult (for us) to repair. 这辆汽车很难修理。
The book is great fun (for us) to read. 这本书读起来很有趣。
She is not easy (for us) to get along with. 她不大容易相处。
3. There be 结构后面的动词不定式用主动语态或被动语态均可;有时意义有所不同,应根据特定的语境来确定其形式。
如:There is a lot to do / to be done today. 今天有很多事要做。
There is nothing to do now. 现在没什么事可做。
There is nothing to be done now. 现在没有什么办法。
4. 动词不定式作定语时,如果句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语,该动词不定式用主动式。
如:He has two letters to write tonight. 他今晚有两封信要写。
(“He”为动词不定式的逻辑主语)You have given me much to read. 你让我看的东西已经很多了。
不定式的被动形式用法1. 概念理解英语被动语态的基本结构是“be+过去分词”,由此我们可以推出不定式被动式的构成即为“to be+过去分词”,如to be sold, to be studied, to be seen, to be given等等。
我们在学习英语语态时知道,只有及物动词才有被动语态,同样地,对于不定式来说,也只有及物动词的不定式才有被动式。
如果是不及物动词的不定式要用于被动式,要注意在其后加上合适的介词。
如:他不喜欢自己的想法受到嘲笑。
误:He did not like his idea to be laughed.正:He did not like his idea to be laughed at.2. 用法说明不定式到底用主动形式还是被动形式,往往取决于句子的意思,即意思上为主动就用主动形式,意思上为被动就用被动形式。
如:I wish to be excused. 我请求原谅。
“请求原谅”其实就是指“请求被原谅”,所以不定式要用被动式。
I had to shout to be heard. 我必须叫喊对方才能听得见。
“大声叫”的目的是什么?就是为了被别人听见,所以不定式要用被动式。
Rules were made to be broken. 定了规则就准备有人违反。
.根据常识可知,“规则”与“违反”之间是被动关系,所以不定式用被动式。
He was the last person to be asked to speak. 他是最后一个应邀请发言的人。
“应邀发言”实际意思是“被邀请发言”,所以不定式用被动式。
3. 主动表被动一般说来,表示主动意义,不定式用主动式;表示被动意义,不定式用被动式。
但是,有个别时候,虽然意义上是被动的,但不定式却要用主动式。
如:The house is to let. 此屋出租。
在英语中,to let, to blame这两个不定式在用作表语时,习惯上是用主动形式表示被动意义。
不定式作非谓语动词一、不定式的定义及构成:不定式是一种非限定性动词,即在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词。
肯定形式:to + 动词原形否定形式:not to + 动词原形被动形式:to be + done(动词过去分词)期中to为不定式符号,本身无意义。
二、不定式的时态和语态不定式虽没有人称和数的变化,但所表达的动作仍具有时间先后顺序,主动、被动形式。
具体形式如下表1) 不定式的一般式动词不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作同事发生或在其后发生。
We try to finish the task on time. 我们试图及时完成任务。
I hope to see you next week. 我希望下周能见到你。
2)动词不定式的进行式动词不定式的进行式所表示的动作一般与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生He seems to be following us. 他好像正在跟着我们。
3)不定式的完成式不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前I’m so sorry to have given you so much trouble.很抱歉,给你添了那么多的麻烦。
4)动词不定式的被动形式○1动词不定式的一般式被动语态通常表示将来的动作。
The flowers need to be watered. 这些花需要浇水了。
○2不定式的完成式被动语态表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。
The room seems to have been tidied up already. 这个房子似乎已经整理过了。
三、不定式的用法1)作主语动词不定式作主语,相当于名词或代词的作用To learn an art well is very hard. 学好一门艺术很难。
★动词不定式作主语往往用形式主语it代替,然后不定式置于句尾。
上面的句子可改写为It is very hard to learn an art well.2) 作宾语动词不定式一般作动词或介词的宾语I really want to watch the football match.He has no idea of how to answer this question.3) 作宾语补足语○1后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask, tell, beg, like, love, would like, order, teach, want, allow, encourage, wish等。
动词不定式的主动与被动形式动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,它由动词原形加上不定式符号“to”构成。
在英语中,动词不定式的形式可以分为主动和被动两种形式,分别用来表示动作的主动或者受动关系。
本文将重点探讨动词不定式的主动与被动形式及其用法。
一、动词不定式的主动形式动词不定式的主动形式表示动作由主语主动完成。
它的一般形式是“to + 动词原形”,例如:1. I want to learn to play the guitar.(我想学弹吉他。
)2. She needs to work hard to achieve her goals.(她需要努力工作以实现她的目标。
)3. They decided to go on a vacation together.(他们决定一起去度假。
)动词不定式的主动形式常常用来表示目的、意图、计划等。
二、动词不定式的被动形式动词不定式的被动形式表示动作的受动关系,即动作的承受者是主语。
在使用被动形式时,需要在“to”之后加上动词的被动形式,即“tobe + 过去分词”,例如:1. She hopes to be invited to the party.(她希望被邀请参加派对。
)2. They want to be recognized for their achievements.(他们希望因他们的成就而受到认可。
)3. He pretended to be surprised when he heard the news.(他假装听到消息后感到惊讶。
)被动形式通常用来表示动作的客观存在、被动接受等。
三、动词不定式主动与被动形式的用法1. 用于目的和意图动词不定式的主动形式常用于表示目的和意图,强调主语的主动性。
例如:- I bought a book to improve my English.(我买了一本书来提高我的英语水平。
)- He practices yoga every day to stay healthy.(他每天练习瑜伽保持健康。
英语中不定式的时态、语态和用法讲解在谓语以外的句子成分中使用的动词一定要变词形(不能用动词原形),把动词原形变成不定式、-ing式或者过去分词,所以我们把这三种动词形式称为非谓语动词。
不定式的时态和语态:不定式共有4种时态形式(均是主动语态),另有2种被动语态形式:不定式的用法:不定式可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语。
1)作主语To work hard doesn’t necessarily mean getting high grades.下苦功不一定就能获得高分。
For one to do a good deed is very easy.一个人做一件好事很容易。
2)作表语My job is to take care of children.我的工作是照看小孩。
Her plan is to build a highway for the villagers.她的计划是为村民们建一条公路。
3)作宾语不定式作宾语的场合很多,以下是能够带不定式作宾语的动词:ask, want, agreeexpect, like, hatehope, wish, trystart, begin, offerprefer, continue, manageforget, promise, meanintend, attempt, decidedetermine, pretend, learndesire, choose, telladvise, show, discussI asked to be the first volunteer.我要求当第一名志愿者。
Do you want to leave here?你想要离开这里?We all agreed to do the spring cleaning.我们都同意过进行春季大扫除的。
He hopes to be chosen.他希望被选中。
有几十个动词后面不能接不定式作宾语,只能接-ing式,查阅公众号宾语部分。
被动语态〔一〕语态是动词的一种形式,用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。
英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
★常用的几种时态的被动语态及含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式★动词不定式的被动式【语境展示】观察下面各句中动词不定式的被动式的用法,然后加以总结。
1. It's nice to be wanted.2. The books are to be sent to the young children.3. She didn't like to be treated as a child.4. The question to be discussed at the next meeting will be a hard nut to crack.5. They were shipped to America to be sold as slaves.6. He didn't want the subject to be mentioned in the letter.7. Forty-one people are said to have been seriously hurt in the accident.【自我归纳】1. 当动词不定式与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系时,要用不定式的被动式。
动词不定式的被动式有两种:①一般式的被动式:to be done〔句1-句6〕;②完成式的被动式:________〔句7〕。
2. 动词不定式的被动式在句中可以作主语〔句1〕、表语〔句2〕、宾语〔句3〕、________〔句4〕、状语〔句5〕、宾语补足语〔句6〕、主语补足语〔句7〕。
【自我归纳】to have been done;定语【即学即练】I. 用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
1. We’re having a meeting this afternoon. The decision ________ (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company.2. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________ (see) whether they will enjoy it.3. My friend didn’t want the subject ________ (mention) in the letter.4. The machine doesn’t work. It seems ________ (damage).5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ________ (tell) the film star had left. II. 用括号内动词的正确形式完成下面短文。
动词不定式和被动语态的用法动词不定式一. 定义:动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能独立作谓语,但它仍保持动词的特点,既可以有自己的宾语和状语。
同时动词不定式又具有名词、形容词、副词的特征,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
二. 动词不定式的构成:to+动词原形三. 动词不定式作宾语后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有:agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。
We hope to get there before dark. 我们希望天黑以前到那儿。
The girl decided to do it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。
动词不定式作宾语的注意事项(2点)1. 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语,也可跟动名词作宾语,但含义不同:remember to do记住要做某事remember doing记得曾经做过某事forget to do忘记要做某事forget doing忘记曾经做过某事stop to do停下来去做某事stop doing停止做某事go on to do继续做另一件事go on doing继续做原来在做的事I remember seeing you somewhere before.我记得以前在哪儿见过你。
Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.离开时请记得关好灯。
2. 不定式作宾语时,如带有宾语补足语,则要把不定式放到后面,用it作形式宾语,构成“主语+动词+it+宾补(形容词、名词)+不定式”结构。
如:He found it very difficult to get to sleep.他发现很难入睡。
四. 动词不定式作宾语补足语1. 后面能接to不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。
被动语态(Ⅰ):动词不定式的被动式不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系,即当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者时,不定式一般使用被动式。
一、动词不定式被动式的构成和意义The next thing to be done is to carry away the earth.下一步要做的事是把土运走。
No harm seems to have been done to them.对他们似乎并没有造成损害。
[考题印证]1①(山东高考改编)George returned after the war, only (tell) that his wife had left him.②(湖南高考改编)We've had a good start, but next, more work needs(do) to achieve the final success.二、动词不定式被动式的用法1.作主语It is an honour to be chosen as a volunteer.能被选上做志愿者,真是一件荣幸的事情。
2.作表语The task is to be finished by next month.这项工作要在下个月才能完成。
3.作宾语The boy asked to be given an opportunity to try again.那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。
4.作宾语补足语He ordered the baggage to be brought to his room.他吩咐把行李搬进他的房间。
5.作定语He was the last one to be asked to speak at the meeting.他是最后一个在会上被邀请发言的人。
6.作状语His mother left the small village, never to be seen again.他母亲离开了那个小村庄,再也没人见过她。
理解并运用动词不定式的完成被动形式动词不定式是一种常见的动词形式,在句子中可以作为主语、宾语、表语等。
而不定式的被动形式则是指在句中以被动的形式出现的动词不定式。
本文将探讨动词不定式的完成被动形式,引出其在句子中的使用方法及意义。
一、动词不定式的完成被动形式概述动词不定式的完成被动形式构成如下:to have been + 过去分词动词不定式的完成被动形式主要用于表示动作或状态发生在不定式动词之前。
它可以用于表达被动语态,强调动作的完成以及时间的先后关系等。
二、动词不定式的完成被动形式的句子结构1. 主动句变被动句主动句:She promised to finish the task.被动句:She promised to have been finished the task.2. 下列动词常用动词不定式的完成被动形式agree, decide, expect, hope, learn, need, plan, promise, want, etc.三、动词不定式的完成被动形式的使用方法1. 作为主语动词不定式的完成被动形式可以作为句子的主语,用来强调动作的完成以及时间的先后顺序。
例句:To have been invited to the wedding is a great honor.2. 作为宾语动词不定式的完成被动形式可以作为及物动词的宾语,表示动作的完成。
例句:I hope to have been promoted by the end of this year.3. 作为表语动词不定式的完成被动形式可以作为系动词的表语,用来补充和描述主语的状态。
例句:His dream is to have been recognized as a famous singer.4. 作为定语动词不定式的完成被动形式可以用作名词的定语,修饰名词。
例句:He is a man to have been trusted.5. 作为状语动词不定式的完成被动形式可以作为状语,表示原因、目的、结果等。
非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形一、复习各种时态的被动语态★被动语态的基本结构: be+ done(以the book , publish 为例)一般现在/过去时:The book is/ was published.一般/过去将来时:The book will/would be published.The book is/was going to be published.现在/过去进行时:The book is/was being published.现在/过去完成时:The book has/had been published.情态动词:The book can/could/may/might…be published.1)一般式:(not/never )to be done2)完成式:(not/ never)to have been done (表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前)三、▲通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如:They say that Mike is sick in bed.=It is said that Mike is sick in bed.=Mike is said to be sick in bed.据说麦克卧床不起.People believe that he was killed.=It is believed that he was killed.=He is believed to have been killed.大家相信他被杀了.四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时,不定式一般要采用被动形式(to be done).语法功能:1.作主语:It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.2.作宾语:She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.3.构成复合宾语:He wanted the letter to be typed at once.She didn’t like herself to be praised like that.4.构成复合谓语:The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.5.作定语:Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers’ office?6.作状语:She was too young to be assigned such work.五、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式to have been done(表示该动作是发生在主句之前的一个被动动作),在句中作主语、宾语、定语,或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等,如:It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.(主语)She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语))He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. (复合宾语)The book is said to have been translated into many languages. (复合谓语)She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. (定语)六、不定式的主动形式表示被动1.There be 结构中,用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语,区别不大。
Book7 unit2 动词不定式被动语态形一、复各样的被★被的基本构 : be+ done(以 the book , publish 例)一般在 / 去:The book is/ was published .一般 / 去未来 :The book will/would be published .The book is/was going to be published .在 / 去行:The book is/was being published .在 / 去达成 :The book has/had been published .情:The book can/could/may/might ⋯ be published .二、不定式的被式的基知:语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式to do to be done达成式to have doneto havebeen done进行式to be doing没有被动语态达成进行式to have been doing没有被动语态1)一般式:( not/never)to be done2)达成式:( not/ never ) to have been done (表示不定式作生在以前)三、▲平常在 believe, suppose, say, report 等组成的句子中能够行主到被以及被和不定式的 .如 : They say that Mike is sick in bed.=It is said that Mike is sick in bed.=Mike is said to be sick in bed.据麦克卧床不起 .People believe that he was killed.=It is believed that he was killed.=He is believed to have been killed.大家相信他被了 .四、当不定式的主是不定式所表示的作的蒙受者而非出者,不定式一般要采纳被形式 (to be done).法功能:1.作主:It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.2.作:She askedto be sent to work in Xinjiang.3.组成复合:He wanted the letter to be typed at once.She didn ’ t like herselftobe praised like that.4.组成复合谓语:The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room .5.作定语:Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers ’ office6.作状语:She was too youngto be assigned such work.五、不定式有时还能够有达成式的被动式 to have been done(表示该动作是发生在主句以前的一个被动动作),在句中作主语、宾语、定语,或许组成复合宾语、复合谓语等,如:It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.(主语)She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语 ))He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. (复合宾语)The book is saidto have been translated into many languages. (复合谓语)She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. (定语)六、不定式的主动形式表示被动1.There be 构造中,用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语,差别不大。
动词不定式的被动语态用法
动词不定式的被动语态
动词不定式有两种被动语态形式:
一般式to be written
完成式to have been written
例:
The next thing to be done is to carry away the earth.下-步要做的事是把土运走。
No harm seems to have been done.似乎并没有造成损害。
分裂不定式
有时在不定式符号"to"和动词原形之间插入一个副词,这种现象叫做分裂不定式(split infinitive)。
插入动词不定式的副词,习惯上往往与不定式动词连在一起。
如:
He likes to half close his eyes.他喜欢半闭着眼睛。
Our object is to further cement friendly relations between the two countries.我们的目的是进一步加强两国之间的友好关系。
At first he wasn't interested in bookkeeping,but later he began to actually like it.起初他对会计工作没有兴趣,但到后来倒喜
欢起它来了。