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英语语法形容词副词比较级的讲解整理英语语法形容词副词比较级的讲解当我们要描述两个人、两种事物之间的差距，我们就会用到比较级。
形容词和副词都有比较级和最高级变化，我们还和上一节课一样，把英语句子分为主系表结构和主谓结构来争论，主系表结构为说明形容词的比较级用法，主谓结构是为说明副词比较级的用法。
下面是我为您收集整理的英语语法形容词副词比较级的讲解，供大家参考!英语语法形容词副词比较级的讲解一、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。
比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。
than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。
2.形容词加er的规章：⑴一般在词尾加er⑴以字母e 结尾，加r⑴以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er⑴以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er3.不规章形容词比较级：good-better, beautiful-more beautiful二、副词的比较级1.形容词与副词的区分(有be用形，有形用be;有动用副，有副用动)⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后⑴副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2.副词比较级的变化规章基本与形容词比较级相同(不规章变化：well-better, far-farther)三、练习一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级old________ young________ tall_______ long________short________ strong________ big________ small________fat_________ thin________ heavy________ light________nice________ good________ beautiful_________low_________ high________ slow________ fast________late_________ early________ far________ well________二、依据句意填入单词的正确形式：1. My brother is two years __________(old)than me.2. Tom is as ________(fat) as Jim.3. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is.4. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.5. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers? Hers is.6. Marys hair is as __________(long) as Lucys.7.Ben ________ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class.8.________ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she ________.9.Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls.10.My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she)..11.Which is ___________(heavy),the elephant or the pig?12.Who gets up _________(early),Tim or Tom?13._______the girls get up________(early) than theboys?No,they_________.14. Jim runs ________(slow). But Ben runs ________(slow).15.The child doesnt________(write) as ________(fast) as the students.三、翻译句子：1、谁比Jim年纪大?是你。
英语形容词与副词的区别与用法总结英语中，形容词和副词是非常重要的词性，它们在句子当中起着不同的作用。
正确理解和运用形容词和副词可以使我们的语言更加准确、丰富，下面是对英语形容词与副词的区别与用法的总结。
一、形容词的定义和用法形容词用来描述、修饰名词或代词，表达事物的性质、状态、特征等。
形容词通常在名词前面，用于对名词进行修饰和限定。
形容词能够回答“是什么样子”的问题。
例如：1. She has a beautiful voice.（她有一种美丽的声音。
）2. The red flowers in the garden are blooming.（花园里的红花正在盛开。
）二、副词的定义和用法副词用来修饰动词、形容词、副词和整个句子，用来表示动作或状态的方式、程度、时间、地点、原因等。
副词通常在句子中较灵活地放置，可以出现在句首、句中或句尾。
副词能够回答“怎样”、“何时”、“为什么”等问题。
例如：1. He speaks English fluently.（他英语讲得很流利。
）2. They ran quickly to catch the bus.（他们快速地跑去赶公共汽车。
）三、形容词和副词的区别1. 词性区别形容词是名词的修饰语，用来修饰名词，用于描述名词的特征、属性等。
副词是修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的词语，用来表示动作、程度、方式、时间等。
2. 位置区别形容词通常位于名词之前，用来修饰名词。
而副词则没有固定位置，可以出现在句首、句中或句尾，修饰其他词性。
3. 用法区别形容词用于修饰名词，限定说明名词的特征，可以起到具体化的作用。
副词则用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，描述动作的方式、程度、时间等。
四、形容词与副词的转化在英语中，有些词既可以作形容词又可以作副词，例如fast（快的/快地）、hard（困难的/努力地），这些词在句子中的位置和语境决定了它们的具体词性。
例如：1. They walked fast.（他们快速地走着。
英语形容词与副词比较级用法总结在英语学习中，形容词和副词的比较级是一个重要的语法点。
掌握好它们的用法，能够让我们更准确、生动地表达自己的想法和描述事物。
下面就来详细总结一下英语形容词与副词比较级的用法。
一、比较级的构成形容词和副词比较级的构成通常有以下几种规则：1、一般情况下，直接在词尾加 er。
例如：tall taller，fast faster。
2、以不发音的 e 结尾的单词，直接加 r。
例如：nice nicer，large larger。
3、重读闭音节词，且词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写这个辅音字母，再加 er。
例如：hot hotter，big bigger。
4、以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的单词，先把 y 变为 i，再加 er。
例如：happy happier，busy busier。
5、多音节词和部分双音节词，在词前加 more。
例如：beautiful more beautiful，carefully more carefully。
还有一些不规则的比较级形式，需要特别记忆，比如：good/well better，bad/ill worse，many/much more，little less，far farther/further 等。
二、比较级的用法1、表示两者之间的比较“A ＋ be 动词＋形容词比较级＋ than ＋B”，表示“A 比 B 更……”。
例如：He is taller than me（他比我高。
）“A ＋实义动词＋副词比较级＋ than ＋B”，表示“A 做某事比 B 更……”。
例如：She runs faster than him（她跑得比他快。
）2、表示“越来越……”“比较级＋ and ＋比较级”，表示程度的逐渐递增。
例如：It's getting colder and colder（天气越来越冷了。
）“more and more ＋原级”，也表示“越来越……”。
形容词与副词的用法与区别引言：语文学习中，形容词与副词是我们常常遇到的词性，它们在句子中起着非常重要的作用。
形容词和副词的用法和区别对于学生来说是一个相对较难的知识点。
本文将从定义、用法和区别三个方面来详细介绍形容词和副词。
一、形容词的定义及用法：形容词是用来修饰名词或代词的词语，它可以描述事物的性质、特征和状态。
形容词通常位于名词前面，并与之构成定中关系。
1. 形容词修饰名词：例如，“美丽的花朵”中的“美丽”就是一个形容词，它修饰了名词“花朵”，表达了花朵的特征。
2. 形容词修饰代词：例如，“这个红色的苹果”中的“红色”是一个形容词，它修饰了代词“这个”，表达了这个苹果的颜色。
3. 形容词的比较级和最高级：形容词可以通过比较级和最高级来表示事物之间的程度或大小的差异。
比较级用于两个事物的比较，最高级用于三个或三个以上事物的比较。
二、副词的定义及用法：副词是修饰动词、形容词、副词、句子等的词语，它可以表示时间、地点、方式、程度等各种情况。
1. 副词修饰动词：例如，“他快速地跑过去”中的“快速地”是一个副词短语，它修饰了动词“跑”，表示了跑的方式。
2. 副词修饰形容词：例如，“这个非常漂亮的女孩”中的“非常”是一个副词，它修饰了形容词“漂亮”，表示了漂亮的程度。
3. 副词修饰副词：例如，“他非常非常快乐地笑了”中的“非常非常”是一个副词短语，它修饰了副词“快乐”，表示了快乐的程度。
三、形容词和副词的区别：形容词和副词在用法上有一些明显的区别，主要体现在以下几个方面：1. 修饰的对象不同：形容词主要修饰名词或代词，描述事物的特征；副词主要修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示事物的状态、方式、程度等。
2. 位置不同：形容词通常位于名词前面，与之构成定中关系；副词可以位于句首、句中或句末，修饰其他词语。
3. 词性不同：形容词属于形容词类，本身没有词性变化；副词既可以是原级，也可以是比较级或最高级。
4. 比较级和最高级的表示方式不同：形容词的比较级和最高级可以通过在词尾加上“-er”和“-est”来表示；副词的比较级和最高级通常在前面加上“more”和“most”。
形容词和副词原级、比较级、最高级一．形容词和副词的形式形容词和副词有三种形式：原级、比较级、最高级。
原级就是形容词和副词的原形，如long；比较级就是在原形之后加上er，如longer；最高级就是在原形之后加上est，如longest。
二．形容词和副词比较级最高级的用法1．形容词和副词的比较级用法：当两者人或者事物进行比较时，形容词和副词要用比较级，也就是—er形式，比较级常常用than来连接被比较的两个人或事物。
如：Li Lei is taller than Wang Jun.。
2．形容词和副词的最高级用法：当三者或三者以上的人或事物进行比较时，形容词和副词要用最高级，也就是—est 形式，最高级之后常常用of ,in 等短语来限定比较的范围。
如：Li Lei is the tallest of all /in our class。
注意最高级之前一定要用the ,但副词之前可以省略。
如：Li Lei runs (the ) fastest of the three。
三．形容词副词的比较级最高级形式的变化规则1．大多数形容词副词之后直接加-er –est ,如：short—shorter—shortest slow—slower—slowesrt quick—quicker –quickest2．以e 结尾的形容词和副词加—r –st ,如：nice—nicer –nicest late—later—latest3．以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词副词变y为i再加--er ,--est,如：early—earlier—earliest4．以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的形容词副词双写末尾的辅音字母再加er,est,如：big—bigger—biggest （注：常用的有五个big fat hot thin red,可以这样记：大胖子热瘦子是红色的）5．不规则的形容词副词的比较级最高级：many/much—more—mostgood/well—better—best bad/badly—worse—worst little—less—least far—farther—farthest （注：常用的有五个many/much good/well little bad/badly far,可以这样记：多好与一点点坏相差很远）6．多音节的形容词副词的比较级最高级加—more,--most,如；beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful四．形容词副词比较级最高级的特殊用法1．比较级之前用the 特指两个中的更……的一个,如:The older boy of the two boys is my brother .2. the 加比较级……,the 加比较级……表示“越……就越……”,如:The better the environment will be,the more trees we plant every year.3. 比较级加and 加比较级表示“越来越”，如：He walks faster and faster.外研社初一英语下Module 6-形容词，副词比较级用适当形式填空：1. Bob is _________ ( young ) than Fred but ___________ (tall) than Fred.2. Yingtian is not as ___________ (tall) as Yongxian.3. Almost all.the students' faces are the same but Li Deming looks _______ (fat) than before the holidays,4.Which is _________ (heavy),a hen or a chicken?5.-- How _________ (tall) is Sally?-- She' s 1.55 metres ________ (tall). What abodt Xiaoling?-- She' s only 1.40 metres ________ (tall). She is much _______ (short) than Sally.She is also the _______ (short) girl in the class.6. He is ______ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _______ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _________ (bad) at English.7. Annie says Sally is the ________ (kind) person in the world.8.He is one of the_________(friendly) people in the class, I think.9. A dictionary is much _________ (expensive) than a story-book.10. An orange ia a little ______ (big) than an apple, but much ________ (small) than a watermelon.11. The Changjiang River is the _______ (long) river in China.12. Sue is a little ________ (beautiful) than her sister.13.My room is not as _________ (big) as my brother' s.14.--How difficult is physics?--I' m not sure.-- Is it ________ (difficult) than maths?-- I don' t think so.15.-- Annie plays the piano very ___________ (well).-- Sue plays it _____ (well) than Annie. And Sally plays it the ____ (well).16. Saturday is my _________ (busy) day in a week.17. Her mother is getting ____________(fat) and ________ (fat).18. I think it' s too expensive. I' d like a _____________ (cheap) one.19. He comes to school much ____________ (early) than I.20.This book is not as _____________ (interesting) as that one.21. Your classroom is __________(wide) and ___________(bright) than ours.22. Practise as __________ (much) as you can.23. The ________ (much), the ____________ (good).24. Nowadays English is __________( important ) than any other subject, 1 think.25. Most of the students think a lion is much ________(dangerous) than a bear and it is the __________ (dangerous) animal in the world.II改错：1. He is as taller as I am.2. She is a little thiner than she looks.3. Bob is heavier than any other boys in the class.4.The girls study the better than the boy.5. It is one of the most interesting book than I have ever read.6. He says Mary is most friendliest person in the class.7. Which city is most beautiful, Beijing or Guangzhou?8. Jack works hard. Mike works very harder than Jack.9. London is the bigger city in Britain.10.Bob plays football badly but Fred plays football much badlier than Bob.III完成句子：1 她看起来不如玛丽年轻。
形容词、副词的比较级和最高级一.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下(1) 符合规则的：情况加法例词一般情况直接加-er ; -est all-taller-tallest以e 结尾的词加–r ; -st nice-nicer-nicest以“辅音+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-er ; -est dry-drier-driestheavy-heavier-heaviest以一个辅音字母结尾的词辅音字母双写，再加-er ;-estthin-thinner-thinnest多音节和部分双音节单词在词前加more ; most more delicious most delicious(2)几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下表：原级比较级最高级good , well better bestbad , ill worse worst many , much more most little less leastfar farther / further farthest / furthest 二．形容词和副词比较级的用法级别比较程度表达方式和意义例句(备注)原同肯定As+原级+as(像⋯⋯一样)Art is as interesting as music.Play as well as you can.等级程度否定not + so (as) +原级+asE nglish is not so difficult as science.She does not study so well as I do.(不如⋯⋯那样)Jim is older比较不同程度（用于两者比较）比较级+than(比⋯⋯)t han Luky.I like porkbetter thanbeef.比较级前面可以加much, far, even, still,a lot, a little, a bit 等比较级+and+比较级He is growing taller and taller. 级（越来越⋯⋯）He studies better and better.程度加深The + 比较级，the + The more books she reads, the better比较级she understand.（越⋯⋯, 越⋯⋯）1最高级最高程度（用于三者或三者以上）The +最高级+of (in)(最⋯⋯)Spring is the best season ofthe year.Lin Tao jumped (the)farthest of all.副词最高级前面的the 往往省略三．形容词副词比较级最高级的其他用法( 1)和冠词连用the ＋形容词原级＋v(复)，指一类人或物the ＋形容词比较级，指两者中“较⋯的”的那一个，eg. the younger of thea/ an ＋形容词比较级eg. The pen is expensive. I want a cheaper one.( a) ＋most＋形容词最高级“非常⋯”eg. a most beautiful city( 2 ) 相关结构a. 原级比较：肯定句as⋯.as ⋯.,否定句not so / as⋯.as ⋯..b.比较句：比较级＋than ⋯或.more (less) ⋯.than ⋯..The furniture in this shop is less beautiful than that in that shop.c.比较级＋and＋比较级或more and more＋比较级“越来越⋯”richer and richer, more and more interestingd. The more ⋯.., the more 越⋯⋯.. ，“越⋯”The more you look at the picture, the better you will like it.e. 比较级＋than any other ＋n. （单）（适用于范围一致时）(all) other ＋n.（复）any ＋n.(单) （适用于范围不一致时）He is taller than any other student / all other students in his class.any student in my class.f. 倍数表达法。
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形容词：修饰名词, 说明事物或人的性质或特征，可翻译为“....的”副词：用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词叫做副词，可翻译为“....地”考点1:形容词副词的基本句型(1) 原级的用法考点2:形容词副词的比较级最高级形容词等级口诀比较级要变化,一般词尾加-er,词尾若有哑音就可以直接加r一辅重读闭音节,辅音字母要双写。
辅音字母后有y,把y改成i 最高级加-est,莫忘前面加the。
形容词若是多音节,记得前面加more/mostThe weather in Guangzhou is hotter than that in Beijing.1.The weather in Guangdong is hotter than ________ in Beijing.2.The buildings of Beijing are higher than ________ of Zhongshan.练习：1.Our classroom is____ larger than theirs.A. moreB. quiteC. veryD. much2. It was very hot yesterday, but it is___ today.A. even hotterB. more hotterC. much more hotD. much hot3.-Now the air in our city is ________ than it used to be. -I agree. I think something must be done to stop it.A.very goodB.rather badC. much betterD.even worse4.Which do you like ___, tea or coffee?A. wellB. betterC. bestD. most6.Of the two cups, he bought____.A. the smallerB. the smallestC. smallD. smaller7.The ______ kids learn to depend on themselves, the ______ it is for their futureA.early; goodB.early; betterC.earlier;betterD.earlier;good8.___ I look at the picture, ____ I like it.A. The best; the moreB. The more; the lessC. The more; lessD. More; the more9. By and by, ____ students in our class came to like English.A. more and moreB. much and muchC. many and manyD. less and least10. At last he began to cry ___.A. hard and hardB. more hard and more hardC. harder and harderD. less hard and less harder11._______ bag looks much better than _______A.Your; mineB.Your; myC.Yours; mineD.Yours; my12. ---Both of the skirts are in style this year. ---But I think this one is _____.A. popularB. much popularC. more popularD. the most popular13.-______ plastic bags we use, ______ it will be to the environment. -I agree ______ you.A.The less; the better; withB.The fewer; the better; withC.The less; the worst; toD.The fewer; the worse; to14.-Do you think children should get a child ticket according to their height or their age?-______. After all, children today are much taller than children in the past.A.Yes, I doB.No, I don'tC.Their height, of courseD.Their age, of course考点3：最高级的用法(三者或以上的比较或选择)注意:(1) 形容词最高级前有物主代词修饰时不用the: He is my best friend.(2) 最高级与比较级的转换:Shanghai is the largest city in China.＝Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. (上海属于中国)区别:Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan. (上海不属于日本)1.___ is more beautiful than roses.A. No other flowerB. No another flowerC. Not other flowerD. Not all flowers2.-Do you enjoy Han Lei's songs?-Yes .He is the winner of I'm Singer II. I can't think of anyone with a _____ voice.A. betterB. bestC. moreD. most作业：1.The Great Pyramid is about 137 metres high today, but it was once ________.A. higherB. highestC. high tooD. more high2.Who jumped____of all?A. farB. fartherC. farthestD. the most far3.Li Lei is___ student in our class.A. tallB. tallerC. tallestD. the tallest4.English is one of____ spoken in the world.A.the important languagesB.the most important languagesC.most important languageD.the most important language5.Beijing is one of____ in China.A. the largest cityB. the large citiesC. the larger citiesD. the largest cities6. We are happy to see our city is developing____these years than before.A. quicklyB. more quicklyC. very quicklyD. the most quickly7. -It's smoggy these days. That's terrible!-Yes, I hope to plant trees.____trees,____air pollution.A.The more; the fewerB. The less; the moreC. The less; the fewerD. The more; the less8. The safety of food has become one of the____problems in our daily life.A. more expensiveB. more importantC. most expensiveD. most important9. -Do you enjoy Han Lei's songs? -Yes .He is the winner of I'm Singer II. I can't think of anyone with a____voice.A. betterB. bestC. moreD. most10. There will be____jobs for people because some robots will do the same jobs as people.A. manyB. moreC. fewerD. less11.We must eat ________ fruit and vegetables to keep healthy every day.A.lessB.moreC.littleD.few真题练习：1. Peter is 15 year old. He is ___ than his father. (2016北京)A. tallB. tallerC. tallestD. the tallest2. -Your son used to be a homebody but he now likes outdoor activities. How did youdo that?-I tried many ways over and over again. _______ ,I made it. (2016东营)A. NextB. ThenC. FinallyD. Suddenly3. Shanghai Disney Park will be opened on June 16. But the tickets for the first dayhave ______ sold out.A. everB. justC. neverD. already4. -Sarah is chosen as the guide for the Fashion Show.-Great! No one speaks English _______ her. (2016咸宁)A. as beautiful asB. as badly asC. worse thanD. better than5. -Why didn't you cry for help when you were robbed (被抢劫)? (2016东营)-If I opened my mouth, they might find my four gold teeth. That would be ______!A. badB. much worseC. worstD. the worst6. -I think it's necessary to learn how to work in groups. -I quite agree. Sometimes it's even ________ than grades.A. less importantB. more importantC. the least importantD. the most important7. -His handwriting is very careful.-Yeah. With the help of him, his sister writes as______ as him. (2016铜仁)A. careB. carefulC. more carefullyD. carefully8. I have been to quite a few restaurants, but I can. say this one is . (2016河南)A. goodB. betterC. the betterD. the best9. -Do you know Shanghai is one of ______ in the world?-Yes, it's bigger than ______ city in China. (2016龙东)A.the biggest city; anyB. the biggest cities; anyC. the biggest cities; any otherD. the biggest city; any other10. I hope my school life of senior high will be ________ than that of junior high. (2016长春)A. more excitingB. very excitingC. as exciting asD. the most exciting11. In order to pass the exam, You need to work much ________now.(2016济宁)A. hardB. harderC. hardestD. hardly12. He won in the story competition and his parents were very . (2016江西)A. smartB. proudC. sorryD. upset13. I didn't do very well in this exam. Unluckily, he did it . (2016江西)A. worseB. badlyC. betterD. worst14. -Are you a fan of the science TV show Super Brain?-Yes, I'm always _____ by these people's great brainpower. (2016连云港)A. tiredB. amazedC. boredD. satisfied15. -Home is place wherever you go.-East or west, home is the best. (2016宜昌)A. warmB. warmerC. warmestD. the warmest16. My father caught a big fish this morning, but I caught a ______ one. I feel great!(2016绵阳)A. smallerB. biggestC. biggerD. big17. -Did you get Wechat red(微信红包)during the Spring Festival? (2016宜昌)-Yes. It's the most popular way of sending traditional holiday presents now.A. especiallyB. widelyC. actuallyD. hardly18. It was late. She opened the door ________ because she didn't want to wake up hergrandma. (2016重庆)A. angrilyB. quietlyC. loudlyD. heavily19. Last night the big fire in Sunshine Shopping Mall was started by the childrenplaying with matches. , no onewas hurt. (2016南京)A. LuckilyB. SuddenlyC. EasilyD. Sadly20. My sister is still very with me because I broke her new pencil box yesterday. (2016南京)A. popularB. satisfiedC. honestD. angry21. The talent show is ______ the game show. I like both. (2016青岛)A. as boring asB. not so bored asC. as interesting asD. not so interested as22. -Lily has two sisters, doesn't she? (2016咸宁)-Yes. She's taller and older than her two sisters, but she's not _____ one of the three.A. the tallestB. youngestC. shortestD. the cleverest23. -Many boy students think science is _______ English. -I agree. I'm weak in English. (2016西宁)A. much difficult thanB. so difficult asC. less difficult thanD. more difficult than24. The soup tastes ________ because it's too salty. I put salt into it too _______ in ahurry. (2016西宁)A. terribly; carefullyB. terrible; carefullyC. terrible; carelesslyD. terribly; carelessly25. This temple is one of ________buildings in the town. We must take action toprotect it. (2016上海)A. oldB. olderC. oldestD. the oldest26. The manager sounded________ on the phone. He offered to show us around thecompany. (2016上海)A. softlyB. friendlyC. gentlyD. seriously27. - Playing video games is a waste of time . -I agree . There are meaningful things to do .A. the mostB. the leastC. moreD. less28. A journey by train is than by plane. (2016天津)A. more relaxingB. relaxingC. most relaxingD. the most relaxing29. Tom fell off his bike, and his hand was hurt . (2016天津)A. quietlyB. carefullyC. slowlyD. badly30. -I can't stand swimming in cold rivers in winter. (2016咸宁)-But it's ______ for your health. You know I often swim in rivers in different seasons.A.helpfulB. harmfulC. painfulD. careful。
英语形容词与副词的比较级的语法关于英语形容词与副词的比较级的语法英语语法：形容词与副词的比较级1) 规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。
构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词 tall(高的) taller tallest未尾加-er,-est great(巨大的) greater greatest以不发音的e结尾 nice(好的`) nicer nicest的单音词和少数 large(大的) larger largest以- le结尾的双 able（有能力的) abler ablest音节词只加-r,-st以一个辅音字母 big(大的) bigger biggest结尾的闭音节单 hot热的) hotter hottest音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est"以辅音字母+y" easy(容易的) easier easiest结尾的双音节词，busy(忙的) busier busiest改y为i，再加-er，-est少数以-er，-ow clever(聪明的) cleverer cleverest结尾的双音节词 narrow(窄的) narrower narrowest未尾加-er，-est其他双音节词和 important(重要的)多音节词，在前 more important面加more，most most important来构成比较级和 easily(容易地)最高级。
more easilymost easily2) 不规则变化原级比较级最高级good(好的)/ better bestwell(健康的)bad (坏的)/ worse worstill(有病的)old (老的) older/elder oldest/eldest much/many(多的) more mostlittle(少的) less leastfar (远的) farther/further farthest/furthest。
Lecture XI Adjectives and ComparisonWarm-up:For each of the following advertisement, write a sentence with all the adjectives1. This phone is for your car. It’s German. And it’s high-quality.2. This game is new. It’s for the family. And it’s exciting.3. This computer is for business. It’s Japanese. And it’s powerful.4. These doors are aluminium. They are for your garage. And they are stylish.5. These shoes are modern. They’re for running. And they’re super.6. This comedy is American. It’s for television. And it’s terrific.7. The model is blue. It’s plastic. And it’s attractive.8. It’s a chocolate bar. It’s new. And it’s a big car.1. AdjectiveAdjectives are open-class words, chiefly used as modifying elements in a sentence.1) Classification(1) one-word vs compound adjectivesIn terms of word formation, adjectives may be classified into one-word adjectives and compound adjectives. A one-word adjective may consist of only one free morpheme, such as big,small, bad, good, hot, cold; it may also consist of a free morpheme as root plus a prefix or a suffix or both, such as unkind, impossible, lovely, voiceless, monolingual, unbearable, etc. Compound adjectives, however, may be formed in the following ways:A. adjective + noun + -ed: good-natured, soft-hearted, sweet-tempered, narrow-/absent-minded, kind-heartedB. adverb+-ed participle: low-paid, well-bred, far-fetched 牵强附会的, poorly-written, new-fangled新奇, well-meantC. adjective + -ing participle: fine-sounding, nice-/good-looking, easy-going, sweet-tasting, hard-workingD. adverb + -ing participle: hard-working, far-reaching, low-lying, long-standingE. noun+-ing participle: time-consuming, labor-saving, heart-breaking, trouble-making, ocean-going, law-abidingF. adjective + noun: present-day life, white-collar staff, full-time job, high-class restaurantG. noun+-ed participle: hand-made, suntanned, a tree-lined avenue;H. three or more words: wait-and-see policy观望政策, heart-to-heart talk推心置腹的谈话, wall-to-wall carpet满铺地毯, well-to-do families富裕家庭, the day-to-day administration 日常行政工作, an out-of-date driving license, a life-and-death struggle, a dog-eat-dog society, state-of-the-art technology尖端科技, an out-of-the-way place偏僻之地I. adjective + adjective: bitter-sweet, deaf-mute;J: noun + adjective: grass-green, duty-free;K: others: a two-piece suit, cast-off shoes丢弃的鞋子, all-out attempt, take-home pay实发工资(2) central vs peripheral adjectivesIn terms of its syntactic functions, adjectives fall into two categories: central and peripheral adjectives. Most adjectives can be used both as modifier in a noun phrase and as subject/object complement. These are labeled “central”as distinguished from “peripheral adjectives” that refer to the few which cannot satisfy both these requirements. For example: The word green is a modifier in Green apples are sour. subject complement in Pillar-boxes are green. and object complement in They have painted the windows green. But in the sentence This is utter nonsense.the word “utter”can only function as premodifier; while asleep can only be used as complement in the sentence The child is asleep. There are sometimes when the peripheral adjectives are modified by some adverbs, and then they can be used as premodifiers. For example: a somewhat afraid solider, the fast asleep child, a really alive student, the wide awake patient.Based on the usage, peripheral adjectives are subdivided into: predicative adjectives (subject complement): asleep, afraid, aware, awake, alike, content, alone, ashamed, glad, alive,unable, well, fond, sorry, etc; and common attributive adjectives: wooden, outer, little, woolen, daily, golden, former, weekly, spare, latter, right, only, inner, elder, live, etc. And to some (like ill, hard, certain, little, present), they mean quite differently as a predicative and as an attributive, for example: Her aunt was ill. 他姑妈病了。
She has an ill aunt. 他有一个凶狠的舅妈。
The boss was hard. 老板很厉害。
He was a hard worker. 他是个勤奋的工人。
(3) dynamic vs stative adjectivesSemantically, adjectives can be stative and dynamic. Stative adjectives, such as tall, short, big, small, describe the static characteristics of animate or inanimate objects, and most adjectives fall into this category. Dynamic adjectives, such as ambitious, careful, generous, helpful, patient, witty, describe the dynamic properties of people or things, and they are different in use from stative adjectives. To test whether an adjective is stative or dynamic, we have the following three ways:A. progressive aspect of the verb be: Dynamic adjectives can go with progressive aspect of the verb be while the stative ones cannot, for example: She is being witty. (×She is being beautiful.);B. imperative be: Dynamic adjectives can co-occur with imperative be, for example: Be patient. (×Be tall.);C. causative construction: Dynamic adjectives can occur incausative constructions, for example: I persuaded her to be generous. (I persuaded her to be pretty.)(4) (morphologically) gradable vs non-gradable adjectivesMost adjectives are gradable, whose gradability is manifested though the forms of comparison and modification by intensifiers. All dynamic and most stative adjectives are gradable adjectives. For example, we can say This is a very interesting book but NOT This is a very medical book. The few non-gradable ones include some denominal adjectives that denote classification or provenance. Some other adjectives, such as absolute, eternal, first, true, wrong, correct, only, primary, sole, total, ultimate, unique, final, last, perfect, excellent, extreme, unanimous, etc. are also non-gradable because their lexical meanings have already denoted a high or extreme degree. The list can go on to include right, naked, infinite, simultaneous, wooden, chief, entire, fatal, possible, main, inevitable, sufficient, supreme, universal, vital, whole, etc.(5) Qualitative adjectives: He’s the happiest man on earth. Classifying adjectives(no comparative degree): In that case they would receive financial aid from the state.Color adjectives: His face went purple with rage. a dark grey suit reddish hairEmphasizing adjectives: He was a total stranger to me.-ing adjectives: This is a convincing argument.Some are derived from intransitive verbs, for example: We hope to lessonthe existing tension. I have been fighting the prevailing decadence for years. Rising crime has driven many families out of downtown areas. He’s one of the greatest living composers. This kind of adjectives is peripheral, as attributive only. Some are not related to verbs, for example: neighboring cities, a cunning trick, an impending disaster, an enterprising woman, a balding man, an appetizing smell; the outgoing mail, the forthcoming election, outlying areas, an overbearing manner, an ongoing debate, the incoming president新选的总统, an oncoming car, an outstanding writer-ed adjectives: These people are from distressed areas. 这些人来自贫苦地区。
