英语语言学期末考试试卷及答案

语言学考试题及答案英语

语言学考试题及答案英语一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学是研究语言的科学，其主要研究对象是：A. 语言的起源B. 语言的结构C. 语言的演变D. 语言的运用答案：B2. 语音学是语言学的一个分支，它主要研究：A. 语言的社会功能B. 语言的物理属性C. 语言的语法结构D. 语言的语义内容答案：B3. 下列哪项是语义学的研究范畴？A. 语音的产生B. 词汇的意义C. 句子的构造D. 语言的演变答案：B4. 语言的语法规则包括：A. 词汇的选择B. 句子的构造C. 语调的运用D. 语言的起源答案：B5. 社会语言学主要关注语言与：A. 个人心理B. 社会结构C. 语言的演变D. 文化传承答案：B6. 心理语言学研究的是：A. 语言与社会的关系B. 语言与心理的关系C. 语言与文化的关系D. 语言与物理的关系答案：B7. 语言的产生和发展与人类的哪项能力密切相关？A. 逻辑思维B. 语言模仿C. 抽象思维D. 社会交往答案：D8. 语言的方言是指：A. 同一语言的不同变体B. 不同语言之间的相似性C. 语言的起源D. 语言的演变答案：A9. 语言的标准化是指：A. 语言的简化B. 语言的统一C. 语言的规范化D. 语言的创新答案：C10. 语言的借词是指：A. 从其他语言借用的词汇B. 同一语言内部的词汇C. 语言的起源D. 语言的演变答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学的分支包括语音学、语法学、语义学、__________和心理语言学。

答案：社会语言学2. 语言的最小意义单位是__________。

答案：语素3. 语言的音位是__________的最小单位。

答案：语音4. 语言的词汇包括基本词汇和__________。

答案：派生词汇5. 语言的句法结构包括词法和__________。

答案：句法6. 语言的语用学研究的是语言的__________。

答案：使用7. 语言的方言差异可能导致__________。

成人教育《英语语言学》期末考试复习题及参考答案

一、单项选择题1.The manager would rather his daughter _____ in the same company.DA、would not workB、will not workC、does not workD、did not work2.Mike promised to keep me ______ how our business was going on.BA、informedB、informed ofC、to be informedD、to be informed of3.I have no objection ______ for a hike on the mountains with Cynthia.CA、to goB、goingC、to goingD、of going4.____ a teacher in our college, it is necessary to have at least a master’s degree.AA、To becomeB、One becomesC、Becoming ofD、Who becomes5.All the task ______ ahead of time, we planned to go on holiday for a week.DA、had fulfilledB、having fulfilledC、were fulfilledD、having been fulfilled6.Not until the game had begun ______ the sports ground.AA、did Peter arrive atB、Peter arrived atC、didn’t Peter arrive atD、Peter didn’t arrive at7.I didn’t send out my application form last week, but I ________.DA、had toB、might have toC、have hadD、should have8.I will give the ticket to _______ wants to have it.BA、whomeverB、whoeverC、some oneD、anyone9.The reason _______ I did not go to the lecture yesterday was that I had something important to do.DA、whichB、for thatC、becauseD、why10.Be careful with those explosives _______ end up killing ourselves.CA、then we won’tB、but we won’tC、or we willD、and we will11.The two scholars worked at the task of writing a preface to the new dictionary for three hours ____ last night.CA、at lengthB、in fullC、on endD、in time12.I don’t play basketball any more, _________ when I was a child.AA、but I used toB、I used toC、but I used to doD、I used to do13.Living here at the top of the mountain with no one else near, the old man must be very ____. DA、onlyB、aloneC、loneD、lonely14.I can’t read the marks and notes Jim made in the margin. They are too____.AA、faintB、foggyC、transparentD、misty15. A highly organized system of irrigation is ____ Chinese agriculture.AA、typical ofB、consistent withC、famous forD、subject to16.Jack is very ____ about wines.BA、awareB、knowledgeableC、learnedD、informed17.As for Ann, I am not sure about her ____ in Italian.AA、fluencyB、clarityC、coherenceD、excellency18.It was _____ that we went for a picnic in the country.CA、such nic e a dayB、such nice dayC、so nice a dayD、so nice day19.By the end of next month I ______ here for five years.DA、will workB、have been workingC、have workedD、will have been working20.Much research _______ into the possible causes of the disease in the past few years.AA、has been doneB、was doneC、have been doneD、were done21.The teacher told us that we didn’t have to _____ every new word we ran into when reading. CA、look overB、look throughC、look upD、look into22.When he wrote to his father that he wanted to ____ his education and get married, his father cut off his allowance.AA、give upB、give outC、give inD、give away23.His speech was warmly received. It was several minutes before the applause _______.AA、died downB、died ofC、died outD、died off24.Mr. Zhang makes _____ a point to keep up with the latest development in his field.CA、thisB、thatC、itD、these25.In many countries now seat belts are _____ for the driver and front seat passengers at least.。

大学语言期末考试题及答案

大学语言期末考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪个选项是“大学”的英文翻译？A. Middle SchoolB. High SchoolC. UniversityD. Elementary School答案：C2. “语言”在英语中通常指的是：A. CountryB. LanguageC. CityD. Culture答案：B3. “期末考试”在英文中通常被称为：A. Final ExamB. Midterm ExamC. Written TestD. Oral Test答案：A4. “阅读理解”在英语学习中是指：A. Reading ComprehensionB. Listening ComprehensionC. Writing ComprehensionD. Speaking Comprehension答案：A5. “词汇量”在英语中可以表达为：A. VocabularyB. LexiconC. DictionaryD. Glossary答案：A6. “语法”的正确英文翻译是：A. GrammarB. SyntaxC. SemanticsD. Phonology答案：A7. 下列哪个短语表示“完成作业”？A. Do homeworkB. Make homeworkC. Finish homeworkD. Complete homework答案：D8. “图书馆”在英语中通常指的是：A. LibraryB. BookstoreC. Reading RoomD. Classroom答案：A9. “论文”在学术英语中通常指的是：A. EssayB. ThesisC. ReportD. Article答案：B10. “口语”在英语中可以表达为：A. OralB. SpokenC. VerbalD. All of the above答案：D二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. The _________ (大学) is a place where students can study and live.答案：University12. To improve your _________ (语言) skills, you should practice speaking regularly.答案：Language13. Many students feel stressed before the _________ (期末考试).答案：Final Exam14. In an English class, you might be asked to write an_________ (论文) on a specific topic.答案：Thesis15. When learning a new language, expanding your _________(词汇量) is essential.答案：Vocabulary16. The teacher asked the students to _________ (完成) their homework before the next class.答案：Complete17. You can find a wide range of books in a(n) _________ (图书馆).答案：Library18. The _________ (语法) section of the language test is often challenging for many students.答案：Grammar19. An _________ (阅读理解) exercise usually involves readinga passage and answering questions about it.答案：Reading Comprehension20. Public _________ (口语) is an important skill for effective communication.答案：Spoken三、阅读理解（每题3分，共30分）阅读下面的短文，并回答问题。

《英语语言学》期末考试试卷附答案

《英语语言学》期末考试试卷附答案一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。

每小题3分，共60分)1.The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are ___.()A.gradable oppositesB.relational oppositesC.co-hyponymsD.synonyms2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar .( )A.Jacob GrimmB.Rasmus RaskC.Franz BoppD.Sir William Jones3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.( )A.unusualB.something to be fearedC.abnormalD.natural4.__produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.( )A.Broca's aphasicB.The linguistic deprivationC.The damage on the angular gyrusD.Wernicke's aphasic5.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “light”.This shows:.( )A.They cannot pronounce/n/B.Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongueC.The teachers do not have a good teaching methodD.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds6.A word with several meanings is called __word.( )A.a polysemousB.a synonymousC.an abnormalD.a multiple7.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?”is __.()rmativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performative8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in __ and vocabulary.( )ageB.grammarC.pronunciationD.structure9.__deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.( )A.Linguistic geographyB.LexicologyC.LexicographyD.Sociolinguistics10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __.()A.+animate,+male,+human,-adultB.+animate,+male,+human,+adultC.+animate,-male,+human,-adultD.+animate,-male,+human,+adult11.The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play “Romeo and Juliet” ‘A rose by any other name would smell as sweet’ well illustrates _______.()A.the conventional nature of languageB.the creative nature of languageC.the universality of languageD.the big difference between human language and animal communication12.Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.( )A.kiblB.bkilC.ilkbD.ilbk13.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula "S→NP VP".()A.hierarchicalB.linearC.tree diagramD.vertical14.It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.( )A.Case ConditionB.parameterC.Adjacent ConditionD.Adjacent Parameter15.Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.A.phonemeB.wordC.phraseD.sentence16.According to Searle,those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.( )misivesB.directivesC.expressivesD.declaratives17.The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A.synchronicB.diachronicparativeD.historical comparative18.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______,and kin term.A.title+first nameB.title+titleC.title aloneD.first name+last name+titlenguage and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as "subvocal speech," and speech as "_______".( )A.vocal thoughtB.subvocal thoughtC.covert thoughtD.overt thought20.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child languageacquisition?_______.( )nguage acquisition is a process of habit formationnguage acquisition is the species-specific property of human beingsC.Children are born with an innate ability to acquire languageD.Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use二、判断说明题(判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内写“T”，错的写“F”，并说明理由。

[资料]-英语语言学期末考试试卷及答案---副本

[资料]-英语语言学期末考试试卷及答案---副本5. The morpheme –ed in the word “worked”is a(n) __________ morpheme.A. derivationalB.inflectionalC. freeD.word-forming6. WH-movement is __________ in Englishwhich changes a sentence from affirmative to interrogative.A. obligatoryB.optionalC. selectionalD.arbitrary7. Naming theory, one of the oldest notions concerning meaning, was proposed by _________.A. GriceB.PlatoC. SaussureD.Ogden and Richards8. “John married a blond heiress.”__________ “John married a blond.”A. is synonymous withB. isinconsistent withC. entailsD.presupposes9. In semantic analysis of a sentence, the basicunit is called _______, which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence. A. utterance B.referenceC. predicationD.morpheme10. In Austin’s speech act theory, ___________is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention; it is the act performed in saying something.A. a perlocutionary actB. alocutionary actC. a constative actD. anillocutionary act第二部分非选择题II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of thefollowing statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%)11. P___________ relates the study of language to psychology. It aims to answer such questions as how the human mind works when people use language.12. A d_________ study of language is a historical study; it studies the historical development of language over a period of time.13. Language is a system, which consists of two sets of structures, or two levels. At the lower level, there is a structure of meaningless sounds, which can be combined into a large number of meaningful units at the higher level. This design feature is called d___________. 14. The articulatory apparatus of a human being is contained in three important areas: the pharyngeal cavity, the o_________ cavity and the nasal cavity.15. The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain is called l_____________.16. S_____________ features such as stress, tone and intonation can influence the interpretation of meaning.17. Phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number of sentences, and sentences with infinite length, due to their r_________ properties.18. H__________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings are identical in sound or spelling, or in both.19. Some important missions of historical linguists are to identify and classify families of related languages in a genealogical family tree, and to reconstruct the p____________, the original form of a language family that has ceased to exist.20. In Sociolinguistics, speakers are treated as members of social groups. The social group isolated for any given study is called thespeech c___________.III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (2%×10=20%)( ) 21. Linguists believe that whatever occurs in the language people use should be described and analyzed in their investigation.( ) 22. Language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection betweenwords and what these words actually referto.( ) 23. The conclusions we reach about the phonology of one language can begeneralized into the study of anotherlanguage.( ) 24. The meaning-distinctive function of the tone is especially important in Englishbecause English, unlike Chinese, is atypical tone language.( ) 25. The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, and yet there is no limit tothe number of sentences native speakers ofthat language are able to produce andcomprehend.( ) 26. When we think of a concept, we actually try to see the image of something in ourmind’s eye every time we come across alinguistic symbol.( ) 27. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences. For example, “Goodmorning!” can be restored to “I wish you agood morning.”( ) 28. Two people who are born and brought up in the same town and speak the sameregional dialect may speak differentlybecause of a number of social factors. ( ) 29. Black English is linguistically inferior to standard English because Black English isnot as systematic as standard English. ( ) 30. Any child who is capable of acquiring some particular human language is capableof acquiring any human languagespontaneously and effortlessly.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms. (3%×10=30%)31. parole:32. broad transcription:33. allophones:34. phrase structure rules:35. context36. Historical Linguistics:37. standard language:38. linguistic taboo:39. acculturation:40. care-taker speech:V. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)41. Enumerate three causes that lead to thesystematic occurrence of errors in second language acquisition and give your examples.42. English has undergone tremendous changes since its Anglo-Saxon days. Identify the major periods in its historical development and name major historical events that led to the transition from one period to the next.参考答案第一部分选择题I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)1. A2. D3. C4. C5.B6. A7. B8.C 9. C 10. D第二部分非选择题II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%×10=10%)11. Psycholinguistics12. diachronic13. duality14. oral15. lateralization16. Suprasegmental17. recursive18. Homonymy19. protolanguage20. communityIII. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (2%X10=20%)( T ) 21. Linguists believe that whatever occurs in the language people use should be described and analyzed in their investigation.( T ) 22. Language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection betweenwords and what these words actually referto.( F ) 23. The conclusions we reach about the phonology of one language can begeneralized into the study of anotherlanguage.( F ) 24. The meaning-distinctive function of the tone is especially important in Englishbecause English, unlike Chinese, is atypical tone language.( T ) 25. The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, and yet there is no limit tothe number of sentences native speakers ofthat language are able to produce andcomprehend.( F ) 26. When we think of a concept, we actually try to see the image of something in ourmind’s eye every time we come across alinguistic symbol.( F ) 27. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences. For example, “Goodmorning!” can be restored to “I wish you agood morning.”( T ) 28. Two people who are born and brought up in the same town and speak the sameregional dialect may speak differentlybecause of a number of social factors.( F ) 29. Black English is linguistically inferior to standard English because Black English isnot as systematic as standard English.( T ) 30. Any child who is capable of acquiring some particular human language is capableof acquiring any human languagespontaneously and effortlessly.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms. (3%X10=30%)31. parole: It refers to the realization of languein actual use. It is concrete and varies with context.32. Broad transcription is the transcription withletter symbols only. It is the transcription normally used in dictionaries and teaching textbooks.33. Allophones are the different phones thatrepresent a phoneme in different phonetic environments.34. Phrase structure rules are the rewrite ruleswhich allow for the possible combination of words to form phrases and sentences.35. Context is generally considered asconstituted by the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer.36. Historical linguistics studies languagechange ( or historical development of language).37. Standard language is a superposed, sociallyprestigious dialect of language. It is the language employed by the government and the judiciary system, used by the mass media and taught in educational institutions.38. Linguistic taboo refers to a word orexpression that is prohibited by the “polite”society from general use.39. Acculturation is a process of adapting to theculture and value system of the secondlanguage community.40. It is simple and modified speech used byparents, baby-sitter, etc. when they talk to young children who are acquiring their native language.V. Answer the following questions. (10%X2=20%)41. Enumerate three causes that lead to thesystematic occurrence of errors in second language acquisition and give your examples.1) Mother tongue interference2) interlingual interference3) Overgeneralization42. English has undergone tremendous changes since its Anglo-Saxon days. Identify the major periods in its historical development and name major historical events that led to the transition from one period to the next.Major periods: Old English (449-1100)Middle English (1100-1500)Modern English (1500-present)Historical events: The old English period began with the invasion of the British Isles by English-speaking Anglo-Saxons from Europe, and ended with the arrival of Norman French invaders historically known as the Norman Conquest. The Middle English period is distinguished from the Old English period by the Norman Conquest. The European renaissance movement marked the beginning of the Modern English period.。

临沂大学英语语言学期末考试试卷级参考答案

英语语言学2021年12月期末考试试卷(1)一、单选题（共20题，40分）1、When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing a _______.A、 Perlocutionary actB、 Locutionary actC、 Illocutionary actD、 None of the above正确答案： C解析：考察言外行为-表达说话者的真实意图2、__________belongs to the closed-class words.A、 CanB、 TableC、 GoD、 means正确答案： A解析：考察词汇的分类3、The structural approach to the analysis of language was started by the Swiss linguist ________ in the beginning of the twentieth century.A、 SaussureB、 ChomskyC、 HallidayD、 Fillmore正确答案： A解析：考察结构主义学派的代表人物4、The two words petrol and gasoline are__________.__A、 dialectal synonymsB、 stylistic synonymsC、 synonyms that differ in their emotive meaningD、 collocative synonyms正确答案： A5、Speech Act Theory was first proposed by _______.A、 John AustinB、 Jane AustinC、 John SearleD、 John Firth正确答案： A解析：考察言语行为理论的首倡者6、In English, if a word begins with a [l] or a [r], then the next sound must be a vowel. This is a ________.A、 Sequential ruleB、 Assimilation ruleC、 Deletion ruleD、 Grammar rule正确答案： A解析：考察序列规则-英语语音响亮程度依次为:元音,无擦通音,鼻音,摩擦音,爆破音。

河北师范大学历年英语语言学期末题

河北师范大学历年英语语言学期末题1、The firm attributed the accident to（）fog, and no casualties have been reported until now. [单选题] *A. minimumB. scarceC. dense(正确答案)D. seldom2、She often _______ at 21: [单选题] *A. go to bedB. gets upC. goes to bed(正确答案)D. gets to3、We need some green paint badly, but there' s _____ at hand. [单选题] *A. notB. nothingC. little(正确答案)D. none4、73．The moonlight goes ____ the window and makes the room bright. [单选题] * A．acrossB．through(正确答案)C．overD．in5、( )Keep quiet, please. It’s ________ noisy here. [单选题] *A. many tooB. too manyC. too muchD. much too(正确答案)6、_____he was seriously ill, I wouldn’t have told him the truth. [单选题] *A.If I knewB.Had I known(正确答案)C.Did I knowD.Were I known7、I will _______ from Hunan University next year. [单选题] *A. learnB. studyC. graduate(正确答案)D. come8、______ in the library. （）[单选题] *A. Don’t smokingB. No smokeC. No smoking(正确答案)D. Doesn’t smoke9、When we take a trip,we usually have to _______ a hotel. [单选题] *A. takeB. stayC. book(正确答案)D. bring10、You wouldn' t have caught such ____ bad cold if you hadn' t been caught in ____?rain. [单选题] *A. a, /B. a, aC. a,the(正确答案)D. /, /11、--What are you going to be in the future?--I want to be _______ actor. [单选题] *A. aB. an(正确答案)C. theD. /12、--It is Sunday tomorrow, I have no idea what to do.--What about _______? [单选题] *A. play computer gamesB. go fishingC. climbing the mountain(正确答案)D. see a film13、______! It’s not the end of the world. Let’s try it again.（）[单选题] *A. Put upB. Set upC. Cheer up(正确答案)D. Pick up14、There may be something wrong with her _______. She can’t see things clearly. [单选题] *A. eyes(正确答案)B. earsC. mouthD. nose15、—Do you like to watch Hero?—Yes. I enjoy ______ action movies. （）[单选题] *A. watchB. watching(正确答案)C. to watchD. watches16、Be careful with the knife. You may hurt _______. [单选题] *A. himselfB. ourselvesC. myselfD. yourself(正确答案)17、The Internet is an important means of（）[单选题] *A. conversationB. communication(正确答案)C. speechD. language18、—What were you doing when the rainstorm came?—I ______ in the library with Jane. （）[单选题] *A. readB. am readingC. will readD. was reading(正确答案)19、You have coughed for several days, Bill. Stop smoking, _______ you’ll get better soon. [单选题] *A. butB. afterC. orD. and(正确答案)20、--_______ does Ben go to school?--By bus. [单选题] *A. How(正确答案)B. WhatC. WhereD. Why21、Mr. White likes to live in a _______ place. [单选题] *A. quiteB. quiet(正确答案)C. quickD. quietly22、Do you know what（）the change in his attitude? [单选题] *A. got throughB. brought about(正确答案)C. turned intoD. resulted from23、100．The bus can ______ you to the Great Wall. [单选题] * A．leaveB．take(正确答案)C．changeD．spend24、—Could you take out the rubbish, Jim?—______. I have too much homework to do. You can ask Sally to do it. （）[单选题] *A. Sorry, I can’t(正确答案)B. No problemC. I disagreeD. No, thanks25、Bill Gates is often thought to be the richest man in the world. _____, his personal life seems not luxury. [单选题] *A. MoreoverB. ThereforeC. However(正确答案)D. Besides26、Chinese is one of ____ most widely used languages in ____ world. [单选题] *A. a, theB. /, theC. the, the(正确答案)D. a, /27、At last the plane landed at the Beijing Airport safely. [单选题] *A. 平稳地B. 安全地(正确答案)C. 紧急地D. 缓缓地28、The reason why I didn't attend the lecture was simply（）I got a bad cold that day. [单选题] *A. becauseB. asC. that(正确答案)D. for29、The relationship between employers and employees has been studied（）. [单选题] *A. originallyB. extremelyC. violentlyD. intensively(正确答案)30、His understanding made a deep impression_____the young girl. [单选题] *A.on(正确答案)B.inC.forD.with。

《英语语言学概论》期末考试doc

《英语语⾔学概论》期末考试docI．Decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F). (10 points, 1 point each)1.Articulatory Phonetics studies the physical properties of speech sounds.2.Adjectives belong to open class words.3.John Austin made the distinction between a constative and a performative.4.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study ofmeaning the context of use is considered.5.English is a typical intonation language.6.Phones in complementary distribution should be assigned to the same phoneme.7.Pragmatics treats the meaning of language as something intrinsic and inherent.8.There are words of more or less the same meaning used in different regionaldialects.9.Transformations are the rules which can change the meaning of sentence.10.Sense and reference are two different notions of semantics, and they are related toeach other.II. Fill in the following blanks. (10 points, 1 point each)1.The word “and” is a c____________ conjunction.2.Linguistic c__________ is a native speaker’s linguistic knowledge of his language.3.The relationship between the sound and the meaning of a word is a________.4. A m________ is the smallest linguistic unit that carries meaning.5. A sentence is formed by phonological rules, m______ rules, syntactic rules andsemantic rules.6.The most recognizable difference between American English and British English arein p________ and vocabulary.7.Speech v________refers to any distinguishable form of speech used by a speaker ora group of speakers.8.P ____ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.9.Linguistics is generally defined as the s ____ study of language.10.As a type of linguistic system in L2 learning, i_______ is a product of L2 training,mother tongue interference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner..III. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement. (20 points, 1 point each)1. Which of the following branch of linguistics takes the inner structure of word as its main object of study?A. Phonetics.B. Semantics.C. Morphology.D. Sociolinguistics.2. ________refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.A. DialectB. IdiolectC. PidginD. Register3. Which of the following is a voiceless bilabial stop?A.[w].B. [m].C. [b].D. [p].4. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called ________.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. homonymy5. Which of the following words is NOT formed by blending?A. Smog.B. Botel.C. Brunch.D. Edit.6. What phonetic feature distinguishes the [p] in please and the [p] in speak?A.V oicingB. AspirationC. RoundnessD. Nasality7. The word boyguard is a ______.A. compound wordB. complex wordC. derivational wordD. free morpheme8. All words contain a _________.A. rootB. bound morphemeC. prefixD. suffix9. Of the following sound combinations, only ______ is permissible.A. kiblB. hkilC. ilkbD. ilbk10. Where is the primary stress of the word phonology?A. pho.B. no.C. lo.D. gy.11. Conventionally a ________ is put in slashes.A. allophoneB. phoneC. phonemeD. morpheme12. The plural affix in the word tables is a(n) _______.A. inflectional suffixB. derivational suffixC. free morphemeD. root13. Language is tool of communication. The symbol “highway closed”serves___.A. an expressive functionB. an informative functionC. a performative functionD. a persuasive function14. Which of the following groups of words is a minimal pair?A. but/pubB. wet/whichC. cool/curlD. fail/find15. Whorf believed that speakers of different languages perceive and experienced the world differently, that is relative to their linguistic background, hence the notion of ______________.A. linguistic determinationB. linguistic relativismC. linguistic nativismD. linguistic behaviorism16. What are the dual structures of language?A. Sounds and letters.B. Sounds and meaning.C. Letters and meaning.D. Sounds and symbols.17. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is _______.A. lexicalB. morphemicC. grammaticalD. semantic18. According to Krashen ______ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communication.A. learningB. competenceC. performanceD. acquisition19. Which of the following is one of the core branches of linguistics?A. Phonology.B. Psycho-linguistics.C. Sociolinguistics.D. Anthropology.20. The relationship between “flower” and “tulip” is _________.A. homonymyB. hyponymyC. polysemyD. synonymyIV. Translate the following linguistic terms: (10 points, 1 point each)A. From English to ChineseB. From Chinese to English1. acoustic phonetics 6. 应⽤语⾔学2. closed class words 7. 格语法3. componential analysis 8. 积极迁移4. distinctive features 9. 历史语⾔学5. Critical Period Hypothesis 10. 声调语⾔V. Draw a tree diagram for the following sentence by applying TG Grammar. (10 points)The man saw a horse.VI. Answer the following questions briefly. (20 points)1. Define phoneme. (4 points)2. Explain complementary distribution with an example.(5 points)3. What are the four criteria for classifying English vowels. (4 points)4. Analyze the following conversation by applying the Cooperative Principles.(7points)A: Teheran is in Turkey, isn’t it, teacher?B: And London is in France, I suppose.VII. Do the following analysis. (20 points)1. Write the one proper description from the list under B for the underlined part of each word in A. (5 points, 1 point each)A B(1) terroriz ed a. free root(2) un civil ized b. bound root(3) terror ize c. inflectional suffix(4) luke warm d. derivational suffix(5) im possible e. inflectional prefixf. derivational prefix2. Consider the following sentences in Swahili, and anwer the questions:(15 points) mtu amelala The man has slept. mtu analala The man is sleeping.mtu atalala The man will sleep.watu wamelala The men have slept.watu wanalala The men are sleeping.watu watalala The men will sleep.visu vinaanguka The knives are falling.kikapu kimeanguka The basket has fallen.watoto watafika The children will arrive.1)toto in Swahili means ______ in English.2)The meaning of the morpheme wa- in Swahili is _______.3)______ in Swahili means “sleep” in English.4)Translate mtoto anaanguka into English.5)Translate vikapu vimefika into English.台州学院_____学年第___学期___级____专业《英语语⾔学概论》期末试卷A卷（闭卷）参考答案及评分说明I．Decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F). (10 points, 1 point each)II. Fill in the following blanks. (10 points, 1 point each)1. coordinate2. competence3. arbitrary4. morpheme5. morphological6. pronunciation7. variety8. performance9. scientific 10. interlanguage III. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement. (20 points, 1 point each)IV. Translate the following linguistic terms: (10 points, 1 point each)1. 声学语⾳学 6. applied linguistics2. 封闭词类7. case grammar3. 成分分析8. positive transfer4. 区别性特征9. historical linguistics5. 临界期假说10. tone languageV. Draw a tree diagram for the sentence by applying TG Grammar. (10 points)SNP Infl VPDet N pst V NPDet Nthe man saw a horseVI. Answer the following questions. (20 points)1. A contrastive phonological segment whose phonetic realizations are predictable by rules. (4 points)(or: A phoneme is a phonological unit; it is a unit that is of distinctive value.)2. The situation in which phones never occur in the same phonetic environment.（4 points）e.g. [p] and [p h] never occur in the same position. （1 point）3. the position of the tongue in the mouth(1 point), the openness of the mouth(1 point), the shape of the lips(1 point), and the length of the vowels. (1 point)4. According to the Cooperative Principle, the participants of the conversation should obey the four maxims of the principle: the maxim of quantity, the maxim of quality, the maxim of relation, the maxim of manner. (2 points) In this conversation, B’s reply deliberately violated the maxim of quality, (2 points) because B wanted A to infer the information that Teheran is not in Turkey. The main purpose of B is to let A know that it is absurd to make such a mistake.(3 points)VII. Do the following analysis. (20 points)1. (1) c (2) a (3) d (4) b (5) f (1 point each)2. 1) child （2 points）2) human, plural （3 points）3)lala （2 points）4)The child is falling.（4 points）5)The baskets have arrived.（4 points）。

英语语言学试卷精粹及答案(10套题)

有答案的第一部分选择题I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decidewhich one of the four choices best completes the statement and put theletter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior,it is said to be ___.A、prescriptiveB、sociolinguisticC、descriptiveD、psycholinguistic2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.A、mouthB、lipsC、tongueD、vocal cords3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.A、bound morphemeB、bound formC、inflectional morphemeD、free morpheme4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word thatintroduces the embedded clause.A、coordinatorB、particleC、prepositionD、subordinator主从连词5、"Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike."A、is synonymous withB、is inconsistent withC、entailsD、presupposes6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.A、semanticsB、pragmaticsC、sociolinguisticsD、psycholinguistics7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization泛化.A、elaborationB、simplification精简C、external borrowingD、internal borrowing8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.A、Lingua franca通用语B、CreoleC、PidginD、Standard language标准语言9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus 角回B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortexC、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neuronsD、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.A、learningB、competenceC、performanceD、acquisition第二部分非选择题II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change theletter given. (1%×10=10%)11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user'sk of the rules of his language.12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b .13、M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.14、A s is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a completestatement, question or command.15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under allcircumstances are called c synonyms.16、The illocutionary point of r is to commit the speaker tosomething's being the case, to the truth of what has been said.17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c .18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+is→he's), Black English can d the form of "be".19、The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c period for first language acquisition.20、As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, i is a product of L2 training, mother tongue intereference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner.III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true orfalse. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of eachstatement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why youthink so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%)()21、In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.()22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in bothChinese and English.()23、The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. Thisindicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meaningsof its components.()24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only.()25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in differentregional dialectssuch as British English and American English but cannot be found withinthe variety itself, for example, within British English or AmericanEnglish.()26、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violatedand the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversationalimplicatures arise.()27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spokentoday also includes languages that are not Indo-European.()28、In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speechsituations known as domains.()29、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis,speakers' perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life.()30、All normal children have equal ability to acquire their firstlanguage.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples forillustration. (3%×10=30%)31、duality32、diachronic linguistics33、broad transcription34、morphological rules35、phrase structure rule36、relational opposites37、componential analysis38、context39、euphemism40、brain lateralizationV. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples inEnglish for illustration.42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition ofa second language.英语语言学试题（2）一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。

英语语言学期末试题练习答案

英语语言学练习题Ⅰ. MatchingMatch each of the following terms in Column A with one of the appropriate definitions in Column B.Column A1.displacementngue3.suprasegmentalfeature4.deep structure5.predicationanalysis6.idiolect7.pidgin8.mistakes9.interlanguage 10.motivation11.arbitrarinesspetence13.broadtranscription14.morphology15.category16.errorsponentialanalysis18.context19.blending20.culture21.learningstrategies22.selectionalrestrictions23.phrase structurerules24.culturediffusionColumn BA.Learners’ independent system of the second language, which isof neither the native language nor the second language, but a continuum or approximation from his native language to the targetlanguage. 9B.Learner’s atti tudes and affective state or learning drive,having a strong impact on his efforts n learning a second language.21C.The rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories.23D.Through communication, some elements of culture A enter cultureB and become part of culture B. 24E. A personal dialect of an individual speaker that combineselements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations.6F. A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and itis used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading. 7G.The kind of analysis which involves the breaking down ofpredications into their constituents---- arguments and predicates. 5H.They refer to constraints on what lexical items can go with whatothers. 22I.The structure formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’ssubcategorization properties. 4J.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments.3K.The study of the internal structure of words, and the rules that govern the rule of word formation. 14L.The abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. 2nguage can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. It is one of the distinctive features of human language. 1N.Learner’s conscious, goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to achieve learning efficiency. 10O.The total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. 20P.The common knowledge shared by both the speaker and hearer. 18Q.The way of word formation by which new words may be formed by combining parts of other words. 19R. A group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language, such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb. 15S. A way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. This approach believes that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components. 17T.The ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language. 12 U.One of the properties of human language. It means that there isno logical connection between meanings and sounds. 11V. A way to transcribe speech sounds with letter-symbols only. 13W.They reflec t gaps in a learner’s knowledge of the target language, not self-corrigible. 16X.They reflect occasional lapses in performance. 8Ⅱ.Blank-filling.Fill in the following blanks with a word, whose initial letter has been given.1.“A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.” This quotationis a good illustration of the a____ nature of language.Arbitrary2.The description of a language at some point of time in historyis a synchronic study; the description of a language as it changes through time is a d____ study. Diachronic3.Chomsky defines c____ as the ideal user’s knowledge of the rulesof his language, and performance the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication. Competence4.In the production of vowels the air stream coming from the lungsmeets with no o____. This marks the essential difference between vowels and consonants. Obstruction5.The different phones that can represent a phoneme in differentphonetic environments are called the a____ of the phoneme.Allophone6.Allophones of the same phoneme cannot occur in the same phoneticenvironment. They are said to be in c____ distribution.Complementary7.When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentencerather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as i____. Intonation8.The m____ unit of meaning is traditionally called morpheme.Minimum9.I____ morphemes are bound morphemes that are for the most partpurely grammatical markers, signifying such concepts as tense, number, case and so on. Inflectional10.Phrases that are formed of more than one word usually containthree elements: head, specifier, and c____. Complement11.Concerning the study of meaning, conceptualist view holds thatthere is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to; rather, in the interpretation of meaning they are linked through the mediation of c____ in the mind. concept12.The sense relation between “animal” and “dog” is called h____.hyponymy13.P____ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a setof different meanings. Polysemy14.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics iswhether in the study of meaning the c____ of use is taken into consideration. Context15.S____ refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of aparticular social class. Sociolect16.WHO is an a____ derived from the initials of “World HealthOrganization”. Acronym17.According to Halliday, language varies as its function varies;it differs in different situations. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a r____.Register18.In cross-cultural communication, some elements of culture Aenter culture B and become part of culture B, thus bringing about the phenomenon of cultural d____. Diffusion19.While the first language is acquired s____, the second or foreignlanguage is more commonly learned consciously. Subconsciouslynguage a______ refers to a natural ability for learning asecond language. Acquisition21.Vibration of vocal cords results in a quality of speech soundscalled “v”, which is a feature of all vowels and some consonants in English. Voice22.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segmentare called s____ features. Suprasegmental23.Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of wordsand rules for word f____. Formation24.The minimal unit of meaning is traditionally called m____.Morpheme25.The sense relation between “autumn” and “fall” is calleds____. Synonym26.H____ refers to the phenomenon that words having differentmeanings have the same form, . , different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both. Homonymy27.In daily communication, people do not always observe the fourmaxims of the co-operative principle. Conversational i____ would arise when the maxims are flouted. Implicature28.SARS is an a____ derived from the initials of “Severe AcuteRespiratory Syndrome”. Acronym29.I____ is a personal dialect of an individual speaker thatcombines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations. Idiolect30.RP, the sh ort form of “R____ Pronunciation” refers to theparticular way of pronouncing standard English. ReceivedⅢ.Multiple choice.Choose the best answer to the following items.1.____ is considered to be the father of modern linguistics.A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. Leonard BloomfieldD. M. A. K. Halliday2.In the scope of linguistics, ____ form the part of language whichlinks together the sound pattern and meaning.A. morphology and syntaxB. phonetics andsemanticsC. semantics and syntaxD. morphology andsemantics3.____ studies the sounds from the hearer’s point of view, ., howthe sounds are perceived by the hearer.A. auditory phoneticsB. acoustic phoneticsC. articulatoryphonetics4.Which of the following words begins with a velar voiced stop?____A. godB. bossC. cockD. dog5.Which of the following words ends with a dental, voicelessfricative? ____A. roseB. waveC. clothD. massage6.Which of the following words contains a back, open and unroundedvowel? ____A. godB. bootC. walkD. task7.Which of the following is Not a velar sound? _____A. [h]B. [k]C. [g]D. [?]8.Which of the following is Not a minimal pair?____A. bat, biteB. kill, pillC. peak, pig,D. meat, seat9.Which of the following is an open class words?____A. emailB. butC. theD. they10.The underlined morphemes in the following belong to theinflectional morphemes except ____.A. paintsB. painterC. paintedD. painting11.Which of the following words has more than three morphemes? ____A. psychophysicsB. boyfriendsC. forefatherD.undesirability12.The pair of words “dead and alive” is called ____.A.gradable antonymsB. relational oppositesC.complementary antonyms13.Which pair of the following words can be categorized as stylisticsynonyms?____A. torch & flashlightB. die & deceaseC. amaze & astoundD. luggage & baggage14.X: John has given up smoking.Y: John used to smoke.The sense relation between the above sentences is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is inconsistent with Y15.X: My father has been to London.Y: My father has been to UK.The sense relation between the above sentences is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is inconsistent with Y16.When we violate any of the maxims of Co-operative Principle, ourlanguage might become ____.A. impoliteB. incorrectC. indirectD. unclear17.According to Searl’s classification of speech acts, which ofthe following is an instance of directives? ____A.I fire you!B.Your money or your life!C.I’m sorry for the mes s I have made.D.I have never seen the man before.18.Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?A. treeB. crashC. typewriterD. bang19.The word “Kodak” is a(n) ____.A. blendB. coined wordC. clipped wordD. acronym20.Which of the following words is Not formed by means ofclipping?_____A. memoB. motelC. quakeD. gym21.According to Halliday, mode of discourse refers to the _____ ofcommunication.A. subjectB. roleC. situationD. means22.Which of the following theories of language acquisition believesthat language learning is simply a matter of imitation and habit formation? ____.A.The behaviorist viewB. The innatist viewC. The interactionist viewD. The cognitive theory23.Which of the following sentences is an example ofovergeneralization? ____.A.Jane told me to give up smoking.B.Jane asked me to give up smoking.C.Jane advised me to give up smoking.D.Jane suggested me to give up smoking.24.Which of the following hypotheses is put forth by Dr. Krashen?____.A.Critical Period HypothesisB. InputHypothesisC. Language Acquisition Device HypothesisD. Sapir-WhorfHypothesis25.Who among the following linguists put forward Co-operativePrinciples?A.Paul GriceB. John SearleC. KrashenD. Leech26.Which of the following linguists is the initiator oftransformational generative grammar?A. F. de SaussureB. N. ChomskyC. G. LeechD. M. A.K. Halliday27.When a ______ comes to be adopted by a population as its primarylanguage and children learn it as their first language, itbecomes .B. A. creole... pidgin B. pidgin...creoleC. C. regional dialect... sociolectD.sociolect ... regional dialect28.____ studies the sounds from the speaker’s point of view, .,how a speaker uses his speech organs to articulate speech sounds.A. Auditory phoneticsB. Acoustic phoneticsC. Articulatoryphonetics29.We know the verb “put” requires an NP followed by a PP or Adv.Thus, the process of putting words of the same lexical categoryinto smaller classes according to their syntactic characteristic is called .A. categorizationB. subcategorizationC. syntactic categoriesD. coordination30.Which of the following words contains a front, close andunrounded vowel? ____A. badB. bedC. beatD. but31.The underlined morphemes in the following belong to thederivational morphemes except ____.A. fasterB. writerC. lovelyD. conversion32.Which of the following is an open class words?____A. emailB. butC. theD. they33.The pair of words “borrow and lend” is called ____.A.gradable antonymsB. relational oppositesC.complementary antonyms34.Which pair of the following words can be categorized ascollocational synonyms?____A. torch & flashlightB. pretty & handsomeC. amaze & astoundD. luggage & baggage35.X: My sister will soon be divorced.Y: My sister is a married woman.The sense relation between the above sentences is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is inconsistent with Y36.X: John married a blond heiress.Y: John married a blond.The sentence relation between X and Y is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is contradictory with Y37.According to Searl’s classification of speech acts, which ofthe following is Not an instance of directives? ____A. Open the window!B. Your money or your life!C. Would you like to go to the picnic with us?D. I have never seen the man before.38.The word “brunch” is a(n) ____.A. blendB. coined wordC. clipped wordD. acronym39.According to Halliday, field of discourse refers to the _____of communication.A. subjectB. roleC. situationD. means40.There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix "ed"in the word "learned" is known as a( n)A. derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form41.Which of the following theories of language acquisition holdsthat human beings are biologically programmed for language and that the language develops in the child just as other biological functions such as walking? ____.A. The behaviorist viewB.The innatist viewC.The interactionist viewD.The cognitive theory42.The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred toas .A. glottisB. vocal cavityC. pharynxD. uvula43.Which of the following hypotheses is put forward by EricLenneberg? ____.A. Critical Period HypothesisB.Input Hypothesisnguage Acquisition Device HypothesisD.Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis44.Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case arecalled ____morpheme.A. inflectional B .free C. bound D. derivational45.There are ____ morphemes in the word denationalization?A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixnguage isA. instinctiveB. non-instinctiveC. staticD. genetically transmitted47.Pitch variation is known as ____ when its patterns are imposedon sentences.A. intonationB. toneC. pronunciationD. voice48.Which one is different from the others according to manners ofarticulation?A. [z]B.[w]C.[e]D.[v]49.21. Which one is different from the others according to placesof articulation?A. [n]B. [m]C. [b]D. [p]50.Which vowel is different from the others according to thecharacteristics of vowels?A. [i:]B. [u]C. [e]D. [i]51.What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords arevibrating?A. VoicelessB. VoicedC. Glottal stopD.Consonant52.When a child uses “mummy” to refer to any woman, most probablyhis “mummy” means .A. + HumanB. + Human + AdultC. + Human + Adult – MaleD. + Human + Adult - Male + Parent53.The utterance "We're already working 25 hours a day, eight daysa week." obviously violates the maxim of ______.A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. manner54.The pair of words “north” and “south” is ___.A. gradable oppositesB. relational oppositesC. co-hyponymsD. synonyms55.Which of the following sentences is NOT an example ofcross-association?A. other / anotherB. much / manyC. stalagmite / stalagtiteD. bow / bow56. describes whether a proposition is true or false.A. TruthB. Truth valueC. Truth conditionD. Falsehood57."John sent Mary a post card." is a case ofA. one-place predicationB. two-place predicationC. three-place predicationD. no-place predication58."John killed Bill but Bill didn't die" is a( n)A. entailmentB. presuppositionC. anomalyD. contradiction59. refers to the process whereby a word is shortened withouta change in the meaning and in the part of speech.60.A. Blending B. Back-formation C. Clipping D. Conversion61.Which of the following aspects is NOT the core of the study ofgeneral linguistics?A. soundB. structureC. meaningD. applicationⅣ.True of false judgment.Judge whether the following statements are true or false. Write T in the corresponding bracket for a true statement and F for a false one.1.Linguistics studies languages in general, but not any particularlanguage, . English, Chinese, Arabic, and Latin, etc. T2.Modern linguistics regards the written language as the naturalor primary medium of human language. F3.In narrow transcription, we transcribe the speech sounds withletter-symbols only while in broad transcription we transcribe the speech sounds with letter-symbols together with the diacritics. T4.By diachronic study we mean to study the changes and developmentof language. Tplete homonyms are often brought into being by coincidence.T6.Of the three phonetics branches, the longest established one, anduntil recently the most highly developed, is acoustic phonetics.F7.The meaning of the word “seal” in the sentence “the seal couldnot be found” cannot be determined unless the context in which the sentence occurs is restored. T8.An Innatist view of language acquisition holds that human beingsare biologically programmed for language. T9.According to co-operative principle, the conversationalparticipants have to strictly observe the four maxims, so that the conversation can go on successfully. F10.The same word may stir up different association in people underdifferent cultural background. T11.A child who enters a foreign language speech community by the ageof three or four can learn the new language without the trace of an accent. T12.In communication it will never be the case that what isgrammatical is not acceptable, and what is ungrammatical may not be inappropriate. F13.Modern linguistics is mostly descriptive. T14.Since there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds,language is absolutely arbitrary. F15.Vowels may be distinguished as front, central and back accordingto the manner of articulation. F16.Applied linguistics is the application of linguistic principlesand theories to language teaching and learning. F17.A phonological feature of the English compounds is that the stressof the word always falls on the first element, and the second element receives secondary stress. F18.All the affixes belong to bound morphemes. T19.A polysemic word is the result of the evolution of the primarymeaning of the word. T20.According to the innatist view of language acquisition, only whenthe language is modified and adjusted to the level of children’s comprehension, do they process and internalize the language items.F21.When a child acquires his mother tongue, he also acquires alanguage-specific culture and becomes socialized in certain ways.T22.According to Austin, the performative utterance is used toperform an action, it also has truth value. F23.Children can learn their native language well whenever they startand whatever kinds of language samples they receive. F24.Duality is one of the characteristics of human language. It refersto the fact that language has two levels of structures: the system of sounds and the system of meanings. T25.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have differentreferences in different situations while linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense. FⅤ.Give a short answer to e ach of the following questions.1.Sense and reference are two terms often encountered in the studyof word meaning. What are they and how are they related to each other? P662.According to Halliday, what is register? What are the socialvariables that determine the register? P117-1183.What are the main features of human language that essentially makeit different from other animal communication systems? P8-94.Give a brief illustration to the “semantic triangle” suggestedby Ogden andⅥ. Essay question.1.According to Austin, what are the three acts a person is possiblyperforming while making an utterance? Give an example to illustrate this? P80-822.What are the four maxims of the CP? Illustrate with examples howflouting these maxims gives rise to conversational implicature?P85-883.Please observe the following sentences; all of them are not wellformed. What rules does each of the following sentences violate?And what are the two aspects in terms of sentence meaning? Please illustrate briefly.1) He ated the cake yesterday.2) We will gone to Beijing tomorrow.3) The table intended to marry the chair.4) My favorite fruit is red pears.Please take a look at the section (page 73) to the first paragraph on page 74.1. The meaning of sentence is not the sum total of the meaningsof all its components. And it includes both grammatical meaning and semantic meaning.2. The grammatical meaning of a sentence refers to its grammaticality, which is governed by the grammatical rules of the language. Any violation can result in mistakes, making a sentence unacceptable. Such as sentence 1) has a wrong word “ated” and 2) has “will gone”;3. But grammatically well-formed sentences can still be unacceptable because whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is decided by rules called selectional restrictions, in other words, constraints on what lexical items can go with what others. Some sentences may be grammatically well-formed, yet they may not be semantically meaningful because they contain words which are not supposed to go together. For example, as we can find in sentence 3) and 4), no table would intend to marry the chair unless in a children’s story and there is no red pears usually in the world. Therefore, some selectional restrictions have been violated.。

苏州大学《语言学概论英语》2022-2023学年第一学期期末试卷

苏州大学《语言学概论英语》2022-2023学年第一学期期末试卷课程名称：语言学概论英语专业：英语语言文学班级：英语语言文学2021级考试形式：闭卷考试满分：100分---注意事项：1. 本试卷共四部分，总分100分，考试时间为120分钟。

2. 请将答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上的答案无效。

3. 所有题目必须回答，选择题请将正确答案的字母填在答题纸上，其余题目请将答案写清楚。

---第一部分选择题（共20题，每题2分，共40分）1. 语言学中的“语音学”主要研究（）A. 词汇的意义B. 句子的结构C. 语音的产生、传递和感知D. 语言的历史演变2. “语法”是指（）A. 语言的发音规则B. 词汇的组成C. 句子结构和形成规则D. 语言的社会功能3. 在语义学中，词的“指称”指的是（）A. 词的发音B. 词所指代的实际事物或概念C. 词在句中的位置D. 词的语法功能4. “形态学”研究的是（）A. 词的结构和形式B. 句子的组成C. 语音的分类D. 语言的社会使用5. 语音学中的“音位”是指（）A. 发音的具体声音B. 语言中的最小的语音单位C. 句子的语调D. 词汇的语音特征6. “语用学”主要关注（）A. 语言形式的变化B. 语言的社会和文化背景C. 语言的语音特征D. 语言的历史演变7. “句法”研究（）A. 词的发音规则B. 句子的组成和结构C. 语法规则的变异D. 词汇的使用频率8. 语言学中的“语境”是指（）A. 语言的词汇量B. 语言的历史背景C. 语言使用中的社会和文化背景D. 语言的语法规则9. 语言的“功能”指的是（）A. 语言的发音特征B. 语言在交流中的作用C. 语言的书写形式D. 语言的词汇变化10. “普遍语法”理论由（）提出A. 乔姆斯基B. 皮尔斯C. 维特根斯坦D. 赛义德11. 在“结构主义语言学”中，语言被看作是（）A. 社会行为的产物B. 一种抽象的符号系统C. 一种行为习惯D. 一种个体创作12. “词汇语义学”主要研究（）A. 词汇的意义和用法B. 句子的语法结构D. 语言的社会变体13. 语言的“语言变化”指的是（）A. 语音、词汇和语法的变化B. 语言的书写方式变化C. 语言的社会功能变化D. 语言的语境变化14. “社会语言学”研究（）A. 语言的历史演变B. 语言的社会使用情况C. 语言的心理机制D. 语言的语法规则15. “言语行为理论”由（）提出A. 奥斯汀B. 维特根斯坦C. 乔姆斯基D. 哈贝马斯16. “语用学”中的“会话含义”是指（）B. 语言的隐含意义C. 语言的语音特征D. 语言的语法规则17. “句法树”用于表示（）A. 词汇的排列顺序B. 句子的结构和层次C. 语音的变化D. 语言的演变历程18. “生成语法”理论强调（）A. 语言的社会使用B. 语言的语法结构和规则C. 语言的历史发展D. 语言的发音特点19. 语音学中的“音素”指的是（）A. 语言中的发音单位B. 词的结构C. 句子的组成部分D. 词汇的变化20. 语言的“隐喻”研究属于（）A. 语法学B. 语音学C. 语义学D. 语用学---第二部分填空题（共10题，每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学的基本研究领域包括**________**、**________**、语音学、形态学和语用学。

英语语言学试题3及答案

英语语言学试题3及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 在语言学中，研究语言结构的学科被称为：A. 社会语言学B. 心理语言学C. 结构语言学D. 应用语言学答案：C2. 语言中最小的意义单位是：A. 音素B. 词C. 语素D. 句子答案：C3. 下列哪项是语言的任意性特征？A. 语言的规则性B. 语言的创造性C. 语言的任意性D. 语言的稳定性答案：C4. 英语中，单词“cat”的词根是：A. catB. -catC. -cattD. ca-答案：A5. 语言的“经济性原则”指的是：A. 用最少的音位表达最多的意义B. 用最少的词汇表达最多的意义C. 用最少的句型表达最多的意义D. 用最少的语法规则表达最多的意义答案：A6. “Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for communication.” 这句话中，“arbitrary”一词的意思是：A. 任意的B. 必然的C. 相关的D. 必要的答案：A7. 语言学家乔姆斯基认为，人类天生具有：A. 语言能力B. 语言知识C. 语言习惯D. 语言技巧答案：A8. 语言的“双重艺术性”指的是：A. 语言的创造性和规范性B. 语言的任意性和规约性C. 语言的表达性和接收性D. 语言的描述性和规定性答案：B9. 下列哪个选项不是语言的功能？A. 信息传递B. 情感表达C. 社会控制D. 艺术创作答案：D10. 在英语中，单词“university”的词缀“uni-”表示：A. 一B. 多C. 不D. 再答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学的三个主要分支是语音学、__________和句法学。

答案：语法学2. 根据语言的起源，语言学可以分为历史语言学和__________语言学。

答案：比较3. 语言的“规约性”指的是语言符号的__________。

答案：约定性4. 在语言学中，研究语言在社会中的功能和影响的学科被称为__________语言学。

英语语言学期末试题练习答案

英语语言学练习题Ⅰ. MatchingMatch each of the following terms in Column A with one of the appropriate definitions in Column B.Column A1.displacementngue3.suprasegmentalfeature4.deep structure5.predicationanalysis6.idiolect7.pidgin8.mistakes9.interlanguage 10.motivation11.arbitrarinesspetence13.broadtranscription14.morphology15.category16.errorsponentialanalysis18.context19.blending20.culture21.learningstrategies22.selectionalrestrictions23.phrase structurerules24.culturediffusionColumn BA.Learners’ independent system of the second language, which isof neither the native language nor the second language, but a continuum or approximation from his native language to the target language. 9B.Learner’s attitudes and affective state or learning drive,having a strong impact on his efforts n learning a second language.21C.The rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories.23D.Through communication, some elements of culture A enter cultureB and become part of culture B. 24E. A personal dialect of an individual speaker that combineselements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations.6F. A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and itis used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading. 7G.The kind of analysis which involves the breaking down ofpredications into their constituents---- arguments and predicates. 5H.They refer to constraints on what lexical items can go with whatothers. 22I.The structure formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’ssubcategorization properties. 4J.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments.3K.The study of the internal structure of words, and the rules that govern the rule of word formation. 14L.The abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. 2nguage can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. It is one of the distinctive features of human language. 1N.Learner’s conscious, goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to achieve learning efficiency. 10O.The total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. 20P.The common knowledge shared by both the speaker and hearer. 18 Q.The way of word formation by which new words may be formed by combining parts of other words. 19R. A group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language, such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb. 15S. A way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. This approach believes that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components. 17T.The ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language. 12 U.One of the properties of human language. It means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds. 11V. A way to transcribe speech sounds with letter-symbols only. 13 W.They reflect gaps in a learner’s knowledge of the target language, not self-corrigible. 16X.They reflect occasional lapses in performance. 8Ⅱ.Blank-filling.Fill in the following blanks with a word, whose initial letter has been given.1.“A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.” This quotationis a good illustration of the a____ nature of language.Arbitrary2.The description of a language at some point of time in historyis a synchronic study; the description of a language as it changes through time is a d____ study. Diachronic3.Chomsky defines c____ as the ideal user’s knowledge of the rulesof his language, and performance the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication. Competence4.In the production of vowels the air stream coming from the lungsmeets with no o____. This marks the essential difference between vowels and consonants. Obstruction5.The different phones that can represent a phoneme in differentphonetic environments are called the a____ of the phoneme.Allophone6.Allophones of the same phoneme cannot occur in the same phoneticenvironment. They are said to be in c____ distribution.Complementary7.When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentencerather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as i____. Intonation8.The m____ unit of meaning is traditionally called morpheme.Minimum9.I____ morphemes are bound morphemes that are for the most partpurely grammatical markers, signifying such concepts as tense, number, case and so on. Inflectional10.Phrases that are formed of more than one word usually containthree elements: head, specifier, and c____. Complement11.Concerning the study of meaning, conceptualist view holds thatthere is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to; rather, in the interpretation of meaning they are linked through the mediation of c____ in the mind. concept12.The sense relation between “animal” and “dog” is called h____.hyponymy13.P____ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a setof different meanings. Polysemy14.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics iswhether in the study of meaning the c____ of use is taken into consideration. Context15.S____ refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of aparticular social class. Sociolect16.WHO is an a____ derived from the initials of “World HealthOrganization”. Acronym17.According to Halliday, language varies as its function varies;it differs in different situations. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a r____.Register18.In cross-cultural communication, some elements of culture Aenter culture B and become part of culture B, thus bringing about the phenomenon of cultural d____. Diffusion19.While the first language is acquired s____, the second or foreignlanguage is more commonly learned consciously. Subconsciously nguage a______ refers to a natural ability for learning asecond language. Acquisition21.Vibration of vocal cords results in a quality of speech soundscalled “v”, which is a feature of all vowels and some consonants in English. Voice22.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segmentare called s____ features. Suprasegmental23.Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of wordsand rules for word f____. Formation24.The minimal unit of meaning is traditionally called m____.Morpheme25.The sense relation between “autumn” and “fall” is calleds____. Synonym26.H____ refers to the phenomenon that words having differentmeanings have the same form, i.e. , different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both. Homonymy27.In daily communication, people do not always observe the fourmaxims of the co-operative principle. Conversational i____ would arise when the maxims are flouted. Implicature28.SARS is an a____ derived from the initials of “Severe AcuteRespiratory Syndrome”. Acronym29.I____ is a personal dialect of an individual speaker thatcombines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations. Idiolect30.RP, the short form of “R____ Pronunciation” refers to theparticular way of pronouncing standard English. ReceivedⅢ.Multiple choice.Choose the best answer to the following items.1.____ is considered to be the father of modern linguistics.A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. Leonard BloomfieldD. M. A. K. Halliday2.In the scope of linguistics, ____ form the part of language whichlinks together the sound pattern and meaning.A. morphology and syntaxB. phonetics andsemanticsC. semantics and syntaxD. morphology andsemantics3.____ studies the sounds from the hearer’s point of view, i.e.,how the sounds are perceived by the hearer.A. auditory phoneticsB. acoustic phoneticsC. articulatoryphonetics4.Which of the following words begins with a velar voiced stop____A. godB. bossC. cockD. dog5.Which of the following words ends with a dental, voicelessfricative ____A. roseB. waveC. clothD. massage6.Which of the following words contains a back, open and unroundedvowel ____A. godB. bootC. walkD. task7.Which of the following is Not a velar sound _____A. [h]B. [k]C. [g]D. [ ]8.Which of the following is Not a minimal pair____A. bat, biteB. kill, pillC. peak, pig,D. meat, seat9.Which of the following is an open class words____A. emailB. butC. theD. they10.The underlined morphemes in the following belong to theinflectional morphemes except ____.A. paintsB. painterC. paintedD. painting11.Which of the following words has more than three morphemes ____A. psychophysicsB. boyfriendsC. forefatherD.undesirability12.The pair of words “dead and alive” is called ____.A.gradable antonymsB. relational oppositesC.complementary antonyms13.Which pair of the following words can be categorized as stylisticsynonyms____A. torch & flashlightB. die & deceaseC. amaze & astoundD. luggage & baggage14.X: John has given up smoking.Y: John used to smoke.The sense relation between the above sentences is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is inconsistent with Y15.X: My father has been to London.Y: My father has been to UK.The sense relation between the above sentences is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is inconsistent with Y16.When we violate any of the maxims of Co-operative Principle, ourlanguage might become ____.A. impoliteB. incorrectC. indirectD. unclear17.According to Searl’s classification of speech acts, which ofthe following is an instance of directives ____A.I fire youB.Your money or your lifeC.I’m sorry for the mess I have made.D.I have never seen the man before.18.Which of the following words is entirely arbitraryA. treeB. crashC. typewriterD. bang19.The word “Kodak” is a(n) ____.A. blendB. coined wordC. clipped wordD. acronym20.Which of the following words is Not formed by means ofclipping_____A. memoB. motelC. quakeD. gym21.According to Halliday, mode of discourse refers to the _____ ofcommunication.A. subjectB. roleC. situationD. means22.Which of the following theories of language acquisition believesthat language learning is simply a matter of imitation and habitformation ____.A.The behaviorist viewB. The innatist viewC. The interactionist viewD. The cognitive theory23.Which of the following sentences is an example ofovergeneralization ____.A.Jane told me to give up smoking.B.Jane asked me to give up smoking.C.Jane advised me to give up smoking.D.Jane suggested me to give up smoking.24.Which of the following hypotheses is put forth by Dr. Krashen____.A.Critical Period HypothesisB. InputHypothesisC. Language Acquisition Device HypothesisD. Sapir-WhorfHypothesis25.Who among the following linguists put forward Co-operativePrinciplesA.Paul GriceB. John SearleC. KrashenD. Leech26.Which of the following linguists is the initiator oftransformational generative grammarA. F. de SaussureB. N. ChomskyC. G. LeechD. M. A.K. Halliday27.When a ______ comes to be adopted by a population as its primarylanguage and children learn it as their first language, itbecomes .B. A. creole... pidgin B. pidgin...creoleC. C. regional dialect... sociolectD.sociolect ... regional dialect28.____ studies the sounds from the speaker’s point of view, i.e.,how a speaker uses his speech organs to articulate speech sounds.A. Auditory phoneticsB. Acoustic phoneticsC. Articulatoryphonetics29.We know the verb “put” requires an NP followed by a PP or Adv.Thus, the process of putting words of the same lexical category into smaller classes according to their syntactic characteristic is called .A. categorizationB. subcategorizationC. syntactic categoriesD. coordination30.Which of the following words contains a front, close andunrounded vowel ____A. badB. bedC. beatD. but31.The underlined morphemes in the following belong to thederivational morphemes except ____.A. fasterB. writerC. lovelyD. conversion32.Which of the following is an open class words____A. emailB. butC. theD. they33.The pair of words “borrow and lend” is called ____.A.gradable antonymsB. relational oppositesC.complementary antonyms34.Which pair of the following words can be categorized ascollocational synonyms____A. torch & flashlightB. pretty & handsomeC. amaze & astoundD. luggage & baggage35.X: My sister will soon be divorced.Y: My sister is a married woman.The sense relation between the above sentences is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is inconsistent with Y36.X: John married a blond heiress.Y: John married a blond.The sentence relation between X and Y is ____A. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with YD. X is contradictory with Y37.According to Searl’s classification of speech acts, which ofthe following is Not an instance of directives ____A. Open the windowB. Your money or your lifeC. Would you like to go to the picnic with usD. I have never seen the man before.38.The word “brunch” is a(n) ____.A. blendB. coined wordC. clipped wordD. acronym39.According to Halliday, field of discourse refers to the _____of communication.A. subjectB. roleC. situationD. means40.There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix "ed"in the word "learned" is known as a( n)A. derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form41.Which of the following theories of language acquisition holdsthat human beings are biologically programmed for language and that the language develops in the child just as other biological functions such as walking ____.A. The behaviorist viewB.The innatist viewC.The interactionist viewD.The cognitive theory42.The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred toas .A. glottisB. vocal cavityC. pharynxD. uvula43.Which of the following hypotheses is put forward by EricLenneberg ____.A. Critical Period HypothesisB.Input Hypothesisnguage Acquisition Device HypothesisD.Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis44.Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case arecalled ____morpheme.A. inflectional B .free C. bound D. derivational45.There are ____ morphemes in the word denationalizationA. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixnguage isA. instinctiveB. non-instinctiveC. staticD. genetically transmitted47.Pitch variation is known as ____ when its patterns are imposedon sentences.A. intonationB. toneC. pronunciationD. voice48.Which one is different from the others according to manners ofarticulationA. [z]B.[w]C.[e]D.[v]49.21. Which one is different from the others according to placesof articulationA. [n]B. [m]C. [b]D. [p]50.Which vowel is different from the others according to thecharacteristics of vowelsA. [i:]B. [u]C. [e]D. [i]51.What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibratingA. VoicelessB. VoicedC. Glottal stopD.Consonant52.When a child uses “mummy” to refer to any woman, most probablyhis “mummy” means .A. + HumanB. + Human + AdultC. + Human + Adult – MaleD. + Human + Adult - Male + Parent53.The utterance "We're already working 25 hours a day, eight daysa week." obviously violates the maxim of ______.A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. manner54.The pair of words “north” and “south” is ___.A. gradable oppositesB. relational oppositesC. co-hyponymsD. synonyms55.Which of the following sentences is NOT an example ofcross-associationA. other / anotherB. much / manyC. stalagmite / stalagtiteD. bow / bow56. describes whether a proposition is true or false.A. TruthB. Truth valueC. Truth conditionD. Falsehood57."John sent Mary a post card." is a case ofA. one-place predicationB. two-place predicationC. three-place predicationD. no-place predication58."John killed Bill but Bill didn't die" is a( n)A. entailmentB. presuppositionC. anomalyD. contradiction59. refers to the process whereby a word is shortened withouta change in the meaning and in the part of speech.60.A. Blending B. Back-formation C. Clipping D. Conversion61.Which of the following aspects is NOT the core of the study ofgeneral linguisticsA. soundB. structureC. meaningD. applicationⅣ.True of false judgment.Judge whether the following statements are true or false. Write T in the corresponding bracket for a true statement and F for a false one.1.Linguistics studies languages in general, but not any particularlanguage, e.g. English, Chinese, Arabic, and Latin, etc. T 2.Modern linguistics regards the written language as the naturalor primary medium of human language. F3.In narrow transcription, we transcribe the speech sounds withletter-symbols only while in broad transcription we transcribethe speech sounds with letter-symbols together with the diacritics. T4.By diachronic study we mean to study the changes and developmentof language. Tplete homonyms are often brought into being by coincidence.T6.Of the three phonetics branches, the longest established one, anduntil recently the most highly developed, is acoustic phonetics.F7.The meaning of the word “seal” in the sentence “the seal couldnot be found” cannot be determined unless the context in which the sentence occurs is restored. T8.An Innatist view of language acquisition holds that human beingsare biologically programmed for language. T9.According to co-operative principle, the conversationalparticipants have to strictly observe the four maxims, so that the conversation can go on successfully. F10.The same word may stir up different association in people underdifferent cultural background. T11.A child who enters a foreign language speech community by the ageof three or four can learn the new language without the trace of an accent. T12.In communication it will never be the case that what isgrammatical is not acceptable, and what is ungrammatical may not be inappropriate. F13.Modern linguistics is mostly descriptive. T14.Since there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds,language is absolutely arbitrary. F15.Vowels may be distinguished as front, central and back accordingto the manner of articulation. F16.Applied linguistics is the application of linguistic principlesand theories to language teaching and learning. F17.A phonological feature of the English compounds is that the stressof the word always falls on the first element, and the second element receives secondary stress. F18.All the affixes belong to bound morphemes. T19.A polysemic word is the result of the evolution of the primarymeaning of the word. T20.According to the innatist view of language acquisition, only whenthe language is modified and adjusted to the level of children’s comprehension, do they process and internalize the language items.F21.When a child acquires his mother tongue, he also acquires alanguage-specific culture and becomes socialized in certain ways.T22.According to Austin, the performative utterance is used toperform an action, it also has truth value. F23.Children can learn their native language well whenever they startand whatever kinds of language samples they receive. F24.Duality is one of the characteristics of human language. It refersto the fact that language has two levels of structures: the system of sounds and the system of meanings. T25.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have differentreferences in different situations while linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense. FⅤ.Give a short answer to e ach of the following questions.1.Sense and reference are two terms often encountered in the studyof word meaning. What are they and how are they related to each other P662.According to Halliday, what is register What are the socialvariables that determine the register P117-1183.What are the main features of human language that essentially makeit different from other animal communication systems P8-94.Give a brief illustration to the “semantic triangle” suggestedby Ogden and Richards.P63-64Ⅵ. Essay question.1.According to Austin, what are the three acts a person is possiblyperforming while making an utterance Give an example to illustrate this P80-822.What are the four maxims of the CP Illustrate with examples howflouting these maxims gives rise to conversational implicature P85-883.Please observe the following sentences; all of them are not wellformed. What rules does each of the following sentences violate And what are the two aspects in terms of sentence meaning Please illustrate briefly.1) He ated the cake yesterday.2) We will gone to Beijing tomorrow.3) The table intended to marry the chair.4) My favorite fruit is red pears.Please take a look at the section 5.5.2 (page 73) to the first paragraph on page 74.1. The meaning of sentence is not the sum total of the meaningsof all its components. And it includes both grammatical meaningand semantic meaning.2. The grammatical meaning of a sentence refers to its grammaticality, which is governed by the grammatical rules of the language. Any violation can result in mistakes, making a sentence unacceptable. Such as sentence 1) has a wrong word “ated” and2) has “will gone”;3. But grammatically well-formed sentences can still be unacceptable because whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is decided by rules called selectional restrictions, in other words, constraints on what lexical items can go with what others. Some sentences may be grammatically well-formed, yet they may not be semantically meaningful because they contain words which are not supposed to go together. For example, as we can find in sentence 3) and 4), no table would intend to marry the chair unless in a children’s story and there is no red pears usually in the world. Therefore, some selectional restrictions have been violated.。

《英语语言学概论》期末考试样卷doc

台州学院____学年第____学期_____级英语专业《英语语言学概论》期末试卷A卷（闭卷）姓名__________班级___________学号_____________题型I II III IV V VI VII总分分值10102010102020100得分I．Decide whether the following statements are True(T)or False(F).(10points,1 point each)1.Articulatory Phonetics studies the physical properties of speech sounds.2.Adjectives belong to open class words.3.John Austin made the distinction between a constative and a performative.4.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study ofmeaning the context of use is considered.5.English is a typical intonation language.6.Phones in complementary distribution should be assigned to the same phoneme.7.Pragmatics treats the meaning of language as something intrinsic and inherent.8.There are words of more or less the same meaning used in different regionaldialects.9.Transformations are the rules which can change the meaning of sentence.10.Sense and reference are two different notions of semantics,and they are related toeach other.II.Fill in the following blanks.(10points,1point each)1.The word“and”is a c____________conjunction.2.Linguistic c__________is a native speaker’s linguistic knowledge of his language.3.The relationship between the sound and the meaning of a word is a________.4.A m________is the smallest linguistic unit that carries meaning.5.A sentence is formed by phonological rules,m______rules,syntactic rules andsemantic rules.6.The most recognizable difference between American English and British English arein p________and vocabulary.7.Speech v________refers to any distinguishable form of speech used by a speaker ora group of speakers.8.P____refers to the realization of langue in actual use.9.Linguistics is generally defined as the s____study of language.10.As a type of linguistic system in L2learning,i_______is a product of L2training,mother tongue interference,overgeneralization of the target language rules,and learning and communicative strategies of the learner..III.Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.(20points,1point each) 1.Which of the following branch of linguistics takes the inner structure of word as its main object of study?A.Phonetics.B.Semantics.C.Morphology.D.Sociolinguistics.2.________refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules,used as a medium of communication.A.DialectB.IdiolectC.PidginD.Register3.Which of the following is a voiceless bilabial stop?A.[w].B.[m].C.[b].D.[p].4.The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called ________.A.hyponymyB.synonymyC.polysemyD.homonymy5.Which of the following words is NOT formed by blending?A.Smog.B.Botel.C.Brunch.D.Edit.6.What phonetic feature distinguishes the[p]in please and the[p]in speak?A.VoicingB.AspirationC.RoundnessD.Nasality7.The word boyguard is a______.pound wordplex wordC.derivational wordD.free morpheme8.All words contain a_________.A.rootB.bound morphemeC.prefixD.suffix9.Of the following sound combinations,only______is permissible.A.kiblB.hkilC.ilkbD.ilbk10.Where is the primary stress of the word phonology?A.pho.B.no.C.lo.D.gy.11.Conventionally a________is put in slashes.A.allophoneB.phoneC.phonemeD.morpheme12.The plural affix in the word tables is a(n)_______.A.inflectional suffixB.derivational suffixC.free morphemeD.rootnguage is tool of communication.The symbol“highway closed”serves___.A.an expressive functionB.an informative functionC.a performative functionD.a persuasive function14.Which of the following groups of words is a minimal pair?A.but/pubB.wet/whichC.cool/curlD.fail/find15.Whorf believed that speakers of different languages perceive and experienced the world differently,that is relative to their linguistic background,hence the notion of ______________.A.linguistic determinationB.linguistic relativismC.linguistic nativismD.linguistic behaviorism16.What are the dual structures of language?A.Sounds and letters.B.Sounds and meaning.C.Letters and meaning.D.Sounds and symbols.17.The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is_______.A.lexicalB.morphemicC.grammaticalD.semantic18.According to Krashen______refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communication.A.learningpetenceC.performanceD.acquisition19.Which of the following is one of the core branches of linguistics?A.Phonology.B.Psycho-linguistics.C.Sociolinguistics.D.Anthropology.20.The relationship between“flower”and“tulip”is_________.A.homonymyB.hyponymyC.polysemyD.synonymyIV.Translate the following linguistic terms:(10points,1point each)A.From English to ChineseB.From Chinese to English1.acoustic phonetics 6.应用语言学2.closed class words7.格语法ponential analysis8.积极迁移4.distinctive features9.历史语言学5.Critical Period Hypothesis10.声调语言V.Draw a tree diagram for the following sentence by applying TG Grammar.(10 points)The man saw a horse.VI.Answer the following questions briefly.(20points)1.Define phoneme.(4points)2.Explain complementary distribution with an example.(5points)3.What are the four criteria for classifying English vowels.(4points)4.Analyze the following conversation by applying the Cooperative Principles.(7points)A:Teheran is in Turkey,isn’t it,teacher?B:And London is in France,I suppose.VII.Do the following analysis.(20points)1.Write the one proper description from the list under B for the underlined part of each word in A.(5points,1point each)A B(1)terroriz ed a.free root(2)un civil ized b.bound root(3)terror ize c.inflectional suffix(4)luke warm d.derivational suffix(5)im possible e.inflectional prefixf.derivational prefix2.Consider the following sentences in Swahili,and anwer the questions:(15points) mtu amelala The man has slept.mtu analala The man is sleeping.mtu atalala The man will sleep.watu wamelala The men have slept.watu wanalala The men are sleeping.watu watalala The men will sleep.visu vinaanguka The knives are falling.kikapu kimeanguka The basket has fallen.watoto watafika The children will arrive.1)toto in Swahili means______in English.2)The meaning of the morpheme wa-in Swahili is_______.3)______in Swahili means“sleep”in English.4)Translate mtoto anaanguka into English.5)Translate vikapu vimefika into English.台州学院______学年第_____学期_____级___专业《英语语言学概论》期末试卷A卷（闭卷）答题卷姓名__________班级___________学号_____________题型I II III IV V VI VII总分分值10102010102020100得分I．Decide whether the following statements are True(T)or False(F).(10points,1 point each)12345678910II.Fill in the following blanks.(10points,1point each)1._________2.__________3.__________4._________5._________6._________7.___________8.___________9._________10._________III.Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.(20points,1point each) 1234567891011121314151617181920IV.Translate the following linguistic terms:(10points,1point each)1._________________ 6.________________2._________________7._________________3.________________8._________________4._________________9._________________5.__________________10.________________V.Draw a tree diagram for the following sentence by applying TG grammar.(10 points)The man saw a horse.VI.Answer the following questions.(20points)1._____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2._____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________3. ______________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________4._____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ VII.Do the following analysis.(20points)1.(1)________(2)_________(3)________(4)_______(5)________2.(1)_______________(2)_______________(3)_______________(4)_______________(5)_______________台州学院_____学年第___学期___级____专业《英语语言学概论》期末试卷A卷（闭卷）参考答案及评分说明I．Decide whether the following statements are True(T)or False(F).(10points,1 point each)12345678910F T T T T F F T F T II.Fill in the following blanks.(10points,1point each)1.coordinatepetence3.arbitrary4.morpheme5.morphological6.pronunciation7.variety8.performance9.scientific10.interlanguage III.Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.(20points,1point each) 1234567891011121314151617181920 C C D D D B A A A B C A B C B B C D A B IV.Translate the following linguistic terms:(10points,1point each)1.声学语音学 6.applied linguistics2.封闭词类7.case grammar3.成分分析8.positive transfer4.区别性特征9.historical linguistics5.临界期假说10.tone languageV.Draw a tree diagram for the sentence by applying TG Grammar.(10points)SNP Infl VPDet N pst V NPDet Nthe man saw a horseVI.Answer the following questions.(20points)1.A contrastive phonological segment whose phonetic realizations are predictable by rules.(4points)(or:A phoneme is a phonological unit;it is a unit that is of distinctive value.)2.The situation in which phones never occur in the same phonetic environment.（4 points）e.g.[p]and[p h]never occur in the same position.（1point）3.the position of the tongue in the mouth(1point),the openness of the mouth(1point), the shape of the lips(1point),and the length of the vowels.(1point)4.According to the Cooperative Principle,the participants of the conversation should obey the four maxims of the principle:the maxim of quantity,the maxim of quality,the maxim of relation,the maxim of manner.(2points)In this conversation,B’s reply deliberately violated the maxim of quality,(2points)because B wanted A to infer the information that Teheran is not in Turkey.The main purpose of B is to let A know that it is absurd to make such a mistake.(3points)VII.Do the following analysis.(20points)1.(1)c(2)a(3)d(4)b(5)f(1point each)2.1)child（2points）2)human,plural（3points）3)lala（2points）4)The child is falling.（4points）5)The baskets have arrived.（4points）11。

英语语言学期末考试试卷及答案

human communication.
A. unnatural
B. artificial
C. superficial
D. arbitrary
3. We are born with the ability to acquire language,
.
A. and the details of any language system are genetically
two levels. At the lower level, there is a structure of meaningless
sounds, which can be combined into a large number of
meaningful units at the higher level. This design feature is called
(2%X10=20%)
1. Saussure’s distinction and Chomsky’s are very similar, but they
differ in that
.
A. Saussure took a sociological view of language while Chomsky
第二部分非选择题
II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following
statements with one word, the first letter of which is already
given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and

英语语言学试题及答案

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The affix “ed” in the word “learned” is known as a(n) __________.A. derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form4). The syntactic rules of any language are ________ in number.A. largeB. smallC. finiteD. infinite5). “I picked some tulips.” __________ “I picked some flowers.”.A. entailsB. presupposesC. is inconsistent withD. is synonymous with6). Y's utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of __________.X: Who was that you were with last night?Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. manner7) “Can I borrow your bike?” _____ “You have a bike.”A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes8) The study of language at one point of time is a _______ study.A. synchronicB. historicC. diachronicD. descriptive9) Which of the following is a typical tone language?A. EnglishB. ChineseC. FrenchD. All of the above10) Two allophones of the same phoneme are said to be in ___________.A. phonemic contrastB. complementary distributionC. minimal pairD. none of the above11) In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t][d][s][z][n] share the feature of _________.A. palatalB. alveolarC. bilabialD. dental12) Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by _______ in 1957.A. L. BloomfieldB. N. ChomskyC. F. SaussureD. M. A. K. Halliday13) Which of the following is a correct description of reference?A. a relationship between an expression and other expressions which have the same meaningB. the set of all objects which can potentially be referred to by an expressionC. a relationship between a particular object in the world and an expression usedin an utterance to pick out that objectD. an intra-linguistic relationship between lexical items14) What is function of the sentence “How do you do’?A. DirectiveB. PhaticC. InformativeD. 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Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false:(15 pts, 1 point for each)Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false: (1%×15=15%)1)Animal call systems are not genetically transmitted.2)According to N. Chomsky, “competence” is the actual realization of his knowledgein utterance.3)A syllable without a coda is a closed syllable.4)Parole refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of aspeech community.5)Phonology is a branch of linguistics which studies the sentences patterns of alanguage.6)Languages differ in their selection of contrastive sounds.7)The English spelling exactly represents its pronunciation.8)Constituents that can be substituted for one another with loss of grammaticalitybelong to the same syntactic category.9)According to semantic triangle, there is no direct link between a symbol andreferent, i.e. between a word and a thing it refers to.10) A referring expression can be used to refer to nonexistent things.11) All the grammatically well-formed sentences are semantically well-formed.12) Pragmatics studies the aspect of meaning that is not accounted for by semantics.13) An illocutionary act is the consequence of or the change brought about by theutterance.14) Social dialects, or sociolects, are varieties of language used by peoplebelonging to particular social classes.15) The structural tests focus on the communicative and linguistic competence.V. Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%×10=10%)1)The three branches of phonetics are labeled as a____________ phonetics, auditoryphonetics and acoustic phonetics respectively.2)One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacyof speech overw_________.3)S_________ studies the sentence structure of language.4)C____________ analysis is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word canbe divided into meaning components.5)The noun “tear” and the verb “tear” are h_____________.6)H. Sweet made a distinction between narrow and b_________ transcription.7)Linguistics’ found that it would be impossible to give an adequate descriptionof meaning if the c_________ of language use was left unconsidered.8)Interchangeability means that any human being can be both a producer and a_______of messages.9)Language may determine our thinking pattern and similarity between languages isrelative, the greater their structural differentiation is, the more diverse their conceptualization of the world will be. This has often been called the Sapir-Whorf h___________.10)S______ act theory is an important theory in the pragmatic study of language.II.Translate the following terms: (0.5%×20=10%)Translate the following terms into Chinese: (0.5%×10=5%)1)塞擦音 2)区别性特征 3) 言语 4)生成语法 5)双语现象6)适切条件 7)结构特征 8)外延 9)唇齿音 10)语言相对论Translate the following terms into English:(0.5%×10=5%)11)interpersonal function 12) truth condition 13)women register14)syllabification 15) structuralism 16) sociolinguistics 17) argument 18) monophthong 19)cohesion 20) contrastive analysis III. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets.(1%×20=20%) 1-5 DBCCA 6-10 CDABB 11-15 BBCBA 16-20 BDBDBIV. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false.(1%×15=15%)1-5 FFFFF 6-10 FFFTT 11-15 FTFTFV. 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