2015年6月英语四级阅读模拟题05及答案

2015年大学英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(5)Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured(施肥)a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized.Animals fight; so do savages (野蛮人); hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it mostefficiently --- this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done --- is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able tofind some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And it not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or disabled. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets --- while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life --- nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.57. In the opening sentence the author indicates that ________.A) most history books were written by conquerors, generals and soldiers.。

2015年6月大学英语四级阅读真题与答案文章来源：文都教育Passage OneQuestions56to60are based on the following passage.Across the rich world,well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled.Some65%of American men aged62-74with a professional degree are in the workforce,compared with32%of men with only a high-school certificate.This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor.Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled.The consequences,for individuals and society,are profound.The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people.And they will live longer than ever before.Over the next20years the global population of those aged65or more will almost double,from600million to1.1billion.The experience of the20th century,when greater longevity(长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work,has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth,while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend,the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people,whereas older skilled folk are working longer.The divide is most extreme in America,where well-educated baby-boomers(二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.Policy is partly responsible.Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early.Rising life expectancy(预期寿命),combined with the replacement of generous defined-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones,means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement.But the changing nature of work also plays a big role.Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated,and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation.Technological change may well reinforce that shift:the skills that complement computers,from management knowhow to creativity,do not necessarily decline with age.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

#四六级阅读#真题精析-四级2015年6⽉仔细阅读
P5（junk food）
四级2015年6⽉仔细阅读P5(junk food）
#考⾍四六级系统班#最好的四六级备考⽅式
1. Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway.
翻译：垃圾⾷品⽆处不在。

我们吃的垃圾⾷品实在太多了。

我们中的⼤多数⼈明明知道⾃⼰垃圾⾷品吃得太多，但还是照吃不误。

2. So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed?
翻译：因此，兰德公司的两位研究员提出了以下建议：为什么不借鉴控酒政策，并将其运⽤到⾷品的出售场所和摆放⽅式上呢？
词汇：
1）take a lesson from sth. 从……中吸取教训；借鉴……
2）apply A to B 把A运⽤到B中。

2015年英语四级阅读模拟试题及答案（精品试卷五）Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA．,B．, C． and D．. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people's. In the same way, when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle--compare those performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can't find the way to get the right answer. Let's end this nonsense of grades, exams,marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must someday learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest ofone's life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, "But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get in the world?" Don't worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it.56. What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things? A． By imitating what other people do.B． By making mistakes and having them corrected.C． By listening to explanations from skilled people.D． By asking a great many questions.57. The passage suggests that learning to speak and leaming to fide a bicycle are __________.A． not really important skillsB． more important than other skillsC． basically different from learning adult skillsD． basically the same as learning other skills58. According to the passage, the author thinks teachers in school should__________.A． allow children to learn by himself or herselfB． point out children's mistakes whenever they're foundC． correct children's mistakes as soon as possibleD． give children more book knowledge59. The author believes the teacher's role in children's learning should be__________.A． the identifier and corrector of their errorsB． their helper and guideC． the person to grade their performance and give feedbacksD． the person to pass on something essential to them60. The title of this passage could probably be__________.A． Let Teachers Stop WorkB． Let Us Make Children LearnC． Let Children Correct Their Own PapersD． Let Children Learn by ThemselvesPassage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet.Psychologists who study optimization ( 最优化 ) compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similarthey are. Proponents (支持者) of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take,they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent (相关的) considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.Since most important problems are multifaceted (多层面的), there are several alternatives to choose from,each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for my college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.A decision-making worksheet begins with succinct ( 简洁的) statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision thanshort-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"61. Of the following stepsis the one that occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet.A． listing the consequences of each solutionB． calculating a numerical summary of each solutionC． writing down all possible solutionsD． deciding which consequences are most important62. According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that__________.A． has the fewest variables to considerB． uses the most decision worksheetsC． has the most points assigned to itD． is agreed to by the greatest number of people63. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 by meansof__________.A． describing a processB． classifying different typesC． providing historical backgroundD． explaining a theory64. The author's attitude towards a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is __________.A． neuralB． approvingC． ambiguousD． biased65. The passage mainly discusses __________.A． a tool to assist in making complex decisionsB． a comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisionsC． research on how people make decisionsD． differences between making long-range and short-range decisions【参考译文】让孩子学着评价自己的工作。

2015年英语四级阅读模拟试题及答案（精品试卷五）Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA．,B．, C． and D．. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people's. In the same way, when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle--compare those performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can't find the way to get the right answer. Let's end this nonsense of grades, exams,marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must someday learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one's life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, "But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get in the world?"Don't worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it.56. What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things? A． By imitating what other people do.B． By making mistakes and having them corrected.C． By listening to explanations from skilled people.D． By asking a great many questions.57. The passage suggests that learning to speak and leaming to fide a bicycle are __________.A． not really important skillsB． more important than other skillsC． basically different from learning adult skillsD． basically the same as learning other skills58. According to the passage, the author thinks teachers in school should__________.A． allow children to learn by himself or herselfB． point out children's mistakes whenever they're foundC． correct children's mistakes as soon as possibleD． give children more book knowledge59. The author believes the teacher's role in children's learning should be__________.A． the identifier and corrector of their errorsB． their helper and guideC． the person to grade their performance and give feedbacksD． the person to pass on something essential to them60. The title of this passage could probably be__________.A． Let Teachers Stop WorkB． Let Us Make Children LearnC． Let Children Correct Their Own PapersD． Let Children Learn by ThemselvesPassage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet.Psychologists who study optimization ( 最优化 ) compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents (支持者) of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take,they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining theproblem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent (相关的) considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.Since most important problems are multifaceted (多层面的), there are several alternatives to choose from,each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for my college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.A decision-making worksheet begins with succinct ( 简洁的) statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision thanshort-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"61. Of the following stepsis the one that occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet.A． listing the consequences of each solutionB． calculating a numerical summary of each solutionC． writing down all possible solutionsD． deciding which consequences are most important62. According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that__________.A． has the fewest variables to considerB． uses the most decision worksheetsC． has the most points assigned to itD． is agreed to by the greatest number of people63. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 by meansof__________.A． describing a processB． classifying different typesC． providing historical backgroundD． explaining a theory64. The author's attitude towards a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is __________.A． neuralB． approvingC． ambiguousD． biased65. The passage mainly discusses __________.A． a tool to assist in making complex decisionsB． a comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisionsC． research on how people make decisionsD． differences between making long-range and short-range decisions【参考译文】让孩子学着评价自己的工作。

PART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.TEXT AA study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than is possible to learn in general history classes. Most typical history courses concentrate on politics, economics, and war. But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors—or of people very different from our own—can be provided by art. In short, art expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it clearly offer us a deeper understanding than can be found in most history books.In history books, objective information about the political life of a country is presented; that is, facts about politics are given, but opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective: it reflects emotions and opinions. The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya was perhaps the first truly “political”artist. In his well-known painting The Third of May 1808, he criticized the Spanish government for its misuse of power over people. Over a hundred years later, symbolic images were used in Pablo Picasso’s Guernica to express the horror of war. Meanwhile, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Diego Rivera, Jose Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros—as well as the works of Alfredo Ramos Martines—depicted these Mexican artists’deep anger and sadness about social problems.In the same way, art can reflect a culture’s religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art was almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that depicted people and stories from the Bible. Although most people couldn’t read, they could still understand biblical stories in the pictures on church walls. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and still is) its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic belief that statues are unholy.1.More can be learned about a culture from a study of art history than general history because art history__.A.show us the religious and emotions of a people in addition to political values.B.provide us with information about the daily activities of people in the past.C.give us an insight into the essential qualities of a time and a place.D.all of the above.2.Art is subjective in that__.A.a personal and emotional view of history is presented through it.B.it can easily rouse our anger or sadness about social problems.C.it will find a ready echo in our hearts.D.both B and C.3.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A.Unlike Francisco Goya, Pablo and several Mexican artists expressed their political opinions in theirpaintings.B.History books often reveal the compilers’political views.C.Religious art remained in Europe for centuries the only type of art because most people regarded the Bibleas the Holy Book.D.All the above mentioned.4.The passage is mainly discussing__.A.the difference between general history and art history.B.The making of art history.C.What can we learn from art.D.The influence of artists on art history.5.In may be concluded from this passage that__.A.Islamic artists have had to create architectural decorations with images of flowers or geometric forms.B.History teachers are more objective than general history.C.It is more difficult to study art history than general history.D.People and stories from the Bible were painted on churches and other buildings in order to popularize theBible.TEXT BAs we know, it is very important that a firm should pay attention to the training of its staff as there exist many weak parts in its various departments. Staff training must have a purpose, which is defined when a firm considers its training needs, which are in turn based on job descriptions and job specifications.A job description should give details of the performance that is required for a particular job, and a job specification should give information about the behavior, knowledge and skills that are expected of an employee who works in it. When all of this has been collected, it is possible to make a training specification. This specifies what the Training Department must teach for the successful performance of the job, and also the best methods to use in the training period.There are many different training methods, and there are advantages and disadvantages of all of them. Successful training programmes depend on an understanding of the difference between learning about skills and training in using them. It is frequently said that learning about skills takes place "off the job" in the classroom, but training in using these skills takes place "on the job", by means of such activities as practice in the workshop.It is always difficult to evaluate the costs and savings of a training programme. The success of such a programme depends not only on the methods used but also on the quality of the staff who do the training. A company can often check oh savings in time and cost by examining the work performed by the workers and technicians who have completed a training programme. The evaluation of management training is much more complex than that.6.To be successful in our training programmes, we must understand the difference between______.A. a job description and a job specificationB. what is taught and how it is taughtC. learning about skills and training in using themD. the savings in time and the savings in cost7.The success of a training programme depends on_________.A. the places where the training takes placeB. the correct evaluation of the costs and savings of the programmeC. the performance of the workers and technicians trained in the programmeD. the training methods and the quality of the training staff8. A training specification specifies_______.A. the performance required for a certain jobB. the behavior, knowledge, and skills expected of an employeeC. the training contents and methodsD. the costs and savings of the programme9.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A. As there exist weak parts in different departments of a firm, the training of its staff is highly necessary.B A training specification is based on the information collected from a job description and a job specification.C. Training in using skills and learning about skills usually do not happen at the same place.D. It is easier to evaluate management training than to evaluate the training of workers and technicians.10.The best title for this passage might be_______.A A Successful Training ProgrammeB. How to Describe and Specify a JobC. Staff TrainingD. The Importance of Training Workers and TechniciansTEXT CRecent research has claimed that an excess of positive ions in the air can have an ill effect on people’s physical or psychological health. What are positive ions? Well, the air is full of ions, electrically charged particles, and generally there is a rough balance between the positive and the negative charged. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a larger proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally before thunderstorm, earthquakes when winds such as the Mistral, Hamsin or Sharav are blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibres, or from TV sets, duplicators or computer display screens.When a large number of positive ions are present in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches, fatigue, irritability, and some particularly sensitive people suffer nausea or even mental disturbance. Animals are also affected, particularly before earthquakes, snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation, rats to flee from their burrows, dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably. This has led the US Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California.Conversely, when large numbers of negative ions are present, then people have a feeling of well-being. Natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea, close to waterfalls or fountains, or in any place where water is sprayed, or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the beneficial effect of a holiday by the sea, or in the mountains with tumbling streams or waterfalls.To increase the supply of negative ions indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionisers: small portable machines, which generate negative ions. They claim that ionisers not only clean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of course, there are the detractors, other scientists, who dismiss such claims and are skeptical about negative/positive ion research. Therefore people can only make up their own minds by observing the effects on themselves, or on others, of a negative rich or poor environment. After all it is debatable whether depending on seismic readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat.1.What effect does exceeding positive ionization have on some people?A.They think they are insane.B.They feel rather bad-tempered and short-fussed.C.They become violently sick.D.They are too tired to do anything.2.In accordance with the passage, static electricity can be caused by___.ing home-made electrical goods.B.wearing clothes made of natural materials.C.walking on artificial floor coverings.D.copying TV programs on a computer.3.A high negative ion count is likely to be found___.A.near a pound with a water pump.B.close to a slow-flowing river.C.high in some barren mountains.D.by a rotating water sprinkler.4.What kind of machine can generate negative ions indoors?A.Ionisers.B.Air-conditioners.C.Exhaust-fansD.Vacuum pumps.5.Some scientists believe that___.A.watching animals to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than depending on seismography.B.the unusual behavior of animals cannot be trusted.C.neither watching nor using seismographs is reliable.TEXT DPersonality is，to large extent, inherent --A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is improtant to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor lives of their children.One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the "win at all costs" moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences:remember that Pheidippides ,the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying:"Rejoice, we conquer!".By far the worst form of competition in school is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations . It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well.The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into 'B's. The would needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child's personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.11.According to the author, what factors contribute to the building of personality?A. inheritanceb. inheritance, competition and environmentc. competitiond. environment12.Which of the following statements is not true according to the author of the passage?A.Schools usually adopt severe competitive policies.B. Students are often divided by competition results.C. School is place where children cultivate their characteristics.D. The stronger desire for winning, the better.13.The phrase "soak up" is closest in meaning to ____.A. pull upb. take upc. take ind. pull in14.What attitude does the author hold toward examinations in schools?A. positiveb. negativec. doubtfuld. neutral15.what suggestion does the author make concerning the management of schools?A. All students be made into competitive A types.B. A child's personality be considered in regard to his possible future job.C. All students be changed into B characteristics.D. Schools abolish all forms of examinations.参考答案：答案：1-5DDDCA6-10 CDCDC 11-15 BCDAA 16-20 BDCCB。

2015年6月英语四级仔细阅读练习与答案The motor vehicle has killed and disabled more people in its brief history than any bomb or weapon ever invented. Much of the blood on the street flows essentially from uncivil behavior of drivers who refuse to respect the legal and moral rights of others. So the massacre on the road may be regarded as a social problem.In fact, the enemies of society on wheels are rather harmless people or ordinary people acting carelessly, you might say. But it is a principle both of law and common morality that carelessness is no excuse when one's actions could bring death or damage to others. A minority of the killers go even beyond carelessness to total negligence.Researchers have estimated that as many as 80 per cent of all automobile accidents can be attributed to the psychological condition of the driver. Emotional upsets can distort drivers' reactions, slow their judgment, and blind them to dangers that might otherwise be evident. The experts warn that it is vital for every driver to make a conscious effort to keep one's emotions under control.Yet the irresponsibility that accounts for much of the problem is not confined to drivers. Street walkers regularly violate traffic regulations; they are at fault in most vehicle walker accidents. And many cyclists even believe that they are not subject to the basic rules of the road.Significant legal advances have been made towards safer driving in the past few years. Safety standards for vehicle have been raised both at the point of manufacture and through periodicroad-worthiness inspections. In addition, speed limits have been lowered. Due to these measures, the accident rate has decreased. But the accident experts still worry because there has been little or no improvement in the way drivers behave. The only real and lasting solution, say the experts, is to convince people that driving is a skilled task requiring constant care and concentration. Those who fail to do all these things pose a threat to those with whom they share the road.62. The word “massacre” in line 3 paragraph one means _____A) mass-killing.B) disaster.C) tragedy.D) accident.63. What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?A) To show that the motor vehicle is a very dangerous invention.B) To promote understanding between careless drivers and street walkers.C) To discuss traffic problems and propose possible solutions.D) To warn drivers of the importance of safe driving.64. According to the passage, traffic accidents may be regarded as a social problem because _____.A) autos have become most destructive to mankindB) people usually pay little attention to law and moralityC) civilization brings much harm to peopleD) the lack of virtue is becoming more severe65. Why does the author mention the psychological condition of the driver in Paragraph Three?A) To give an example of the various reasons for road accidents.B) To show how important it is for drivers to be emotionally healthy.C) To show some of the inaccurate estimations by researchers.D) To illustrate the hidden tensions in the course of driving.66. Who are NOT mentioned as being responsible for the road accidents?A) Careless bicycle-riders.B) Mindless people walking in the street.C) Irresponsible drivers.D) Irresponsible manufactures of automobiles.参考答案：ACBBDThe table before which we sit may be, as the scientist maintains, composed of dancing atoms, but it does not reveal itself to us as anything of the kind, and it is not with dancing atoms but a solid and motionless ob ject that we live. So remote is this “real” table——and most of the other “realities” with which science deals——that it cannot be discussed in terms which have any human value, and though it may receive our purely intellectual credence it cannot be woven into the pattern of life as it is led, in contradistinction to life as we attempt it.Vibrations in the ether(以太) are so totally unlike the color, purple that the gulf between them cannot be bridged, and they are, to all intents and purposes，not one but two separate things of which the second and less “real” must be the most significant for us. And just as the sensation which has led us to attribute all objective reality to anon-existent thing which we called “purple”is more important for human life than the conception of vibrations of a certain frequency; so too the belief in God; however ill founded, has been more important in the life of man than the germ theory of true the latter may be.We may, if we like, speak of consequence, as certain mystics love to do, of the different levels or orders of truth. We may adopt what is essentially a Platonistic (布拉图式的) trick of thought and insist upon postulating the existence of external realities which correspond to the needs and modes of human feeling and which, so we may insist, have their being in some part of the universe unreachable by science. But to do so is to make an unwarrantable assumption and to be guilty of the metaphysical fallacy of failing to distinguish between a truth of feeling and that other sort of truth which is described as “truth of correspondence” and it is better perhaps, at least for those of us who have grown up in thought, to steer clear of such confusions and to rest content with the admission that, though the universe with which science deals is the real universe, yet we do not and cannot have any but fleeting and imperfect contacts with it; that the most important part of our lives-our sensations, emotions, desires and aspirations-take place in a universe of illusions which science can attenuate or destroy, but which it is powerless to enrich.1. The author suggests that in order to bridge the puzzling difference between scientific truth and the world of illusion, the reader should____.A) try to rid himself of his world of illusionB) accept his words as being one of illusionC) apply the scientific methodD) learn to acknowledge both2. Judging from the ideas and tone of the selection, one may reasonably guess that the author is ____.A) a humanist B) a pantheist C) a nuclear physicist D) a doctor of medicine3. According to this passage, a scientist would conceive of a “table” as being ____.A) a solid motionless objectB) certain charac teristic vibrations in “ether”C) a form fixed in space and timeD) a mass of atoms in motion4. The topic of this selection is____.A) the distortion of reality by scienceB) the confusion caused by emotionsC) Platonic and contemporary views of truthD) the place of scientific truth in our lives5. By “objective reality” (Last line, Para. 1) the author means____.A) scientific realityB) a symbolic existenceC) the viewer's experienceD) reality colored by emotion。

2015年6月大学英语四级阅读模拟试题（五）Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Language is, and should be, a living thing, constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression. But there is a vital distinction between good developments, which add to the language, enabling us to say things we could not say before, and bad developments, which subtract from the language by rendering it less precise. A vivacious, colorful use of words is not to be confused with mere slovenliness. The kind of slovenliness in which some professionals deliberately indulge is perhaps akin to the cult (迷信) of the unfinished work, which has eroded most of the arts in our time. And the true answer to it is the same that art is enhanced, not hindered, by discipline. You cannot carve satisfactorily in butter.The corruption of written English has been accompanied by an even sharper decline in the standard of spoken English. We speak very much less well than was common among educated Englishmen a generation or two ago.The modem theatre has played a baneful (有害的) part in dimming our appreciation of language. Instead of the immensely articulate dialogue of, for example, Shaw (who was also very insistent on good pronunciation),audiences are now subjected to streams of barely literate trivia, often designed, only too well, to exhibit 'lack of communication', and larded (夹杂) with the obscenities (下流的话) and grammatical errors of the intellectually impoverished. Emily Post once advised her readers: "The theatre is the best possible place to hear correctly-enunciated speech. " Alas, no more. One young actress was recently reported to betaking lessons in how to speak badly, so that she should fit in better.But the BBC is the worst traitor. After years of very successfully helping to raise the general standard of spoken English, it suddenly went into reverse. As the head of the Pronunciation Unit coyly (含蓄地) put it, "In the 1960s the BBC opened the field to a much wider range of speakers." To hear a BBC disc jockey talking to the latest ape-like pop idol is a truly shocking experience of verbal squalor. And the prospect seems to be of even worse to come. School teachers are actively encouraged to ignore little Johnny's incoherent grammar, atrocious spelling and haphazard punctuation, because worrying about such things might inhibit his creative genius.61. The writer relates linguistic slovenliness to tendencies in the arts today in that they both __________.A. occasionally aim at a certain fluidityB. appear to shun perfectionC. from time to time show regard for the finishing touchD. make use of economical short cuts62. "Art is enhanced, not hindered, by discipline" (Lines 6～7, Paragraph 1 ) means __________.A. an artist's work will be finer if he observes certain aesthetic standardsB. an unfinished work is bound to be comparatively inferiorC. the skill of certain artists conceals their slovenlinessD. artistic expression is inhibited by too many roles63. Many modem plays, the author finds, frequently contain speech which__________.A. is incoherent and linguistically objectionableB. is far too ungrammatical for most people to followC. unintentionally shocks the audienceD. tries to hide the author's intellectual inadequacies64. The author says that the standard of the spoken English of BBC__________.A. is the worst among all broadcasting networksB. has raised English-speaking up to a new levelC. has taken a turn for the worse since the 1960sD. is terrible because of a few popular disc jockeys65. Teachers are likely to overlook the linguistic lapses in their pupils since__________.A. they find that children no longer respond to this kind of discipline nowadaysB. they fear the children may become less coherentC. more importance is now attached to oral expressionD. the children may be discouraged from expressing their ideasPassage Two【参考译文】语言是而且也应该是活的，不断有新的词汇和表达形式来使其丰富完善。

2015年6月英语四级阅读理解练习及解析1 There are people in Italy who can’t stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey.A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. 『Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens.』① They tell you it’s a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet, gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because there’s the sport that glorifies “the hit”.By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still.On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, close ups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. The TV won’t do it for you.Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. 『But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or bring the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first baseman’s position.』② Suppose the pitch is a ball. “Nothing happened,” you say. “I could have had my eyes closed.”The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. If football is a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes, chores and responses.1. The passage is mainly concerned with ______.A. the different tastes of people for sportsB. the different characteristics of sportsC. the attraction of footballD. the attraction of baseball2. Those who don’t like baseball may complain that ______.A. it is only to the taste of the oldB. it involves fewer players than footballC. it is not exciting enoughD. it is pretentious and looks funny3. The author admits that ______.A. baseball is too peaceful for the youngB. baseball may seem boring when watched on TVC. football is more attracting than baseballD. baseball is more interesting than football4. By stating “I could have had my eyes closed. ” the author means (4th paragraph last sentence):A. The third baseman would rather sleep than play the game.B. Even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no different to the result.C. The third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed all the time and do his work well.D. The consequent was too bad he could not bear to see it.5. We can safely conclude that the author ______.A. likes footballB. hates footballC. hates baseballD. likes baseball词汇与短语1. dugout n. 棒球场边供球员休息的地方2. pitcher n. 投手3. symphony n. 交响乐4. chamber n. 室内5. contemplate vt.沉思，注视长难句解析①【解析】此句的主干是“Baseball?means?watching?”，其中“in funny tight outfits”用来修饰“grown men”,“standing?”和“staring”用来做“grown men”的定语。

2015年6月大学英语四级阅读答案解析来源：文都教育四六级考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题进行核对。

Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required toselect one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a wordbank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words inthe bank more than once.Question 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.It’s our guilty pleasure: Watching TV is the most common everyday activity,after work and sleep, in many parts of the world. Americans view five hours of TV each day, and while we know that spending so much time sitting ___36___ can lead to obesity(肥胖症) and other diseases, researchers have now quantified just how___37___being a couch potato can be.In an analysis of data from eight large ___38___published studies, a Harvard-led group reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association that for every two hours per day spent channel ___39___,the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes(糖尿病)rose 20% over 8.5 years, the risk of heart disease increased 15% over a ___40___, and the odds of dying prematurely___41___ 13% during a seven-year follow-up.All of these___42____are linked to a lack of physical exercise. But compared with other sedentary(久坐的)activities, like knitting ,viewing TV may be especially__43___at promoting unhealthy habits. For one, the sheer number of hours we pass watching TV dwarfs the time we spend on anything else. And other studies have found that watching ads for beer and popcorn may make you more likely to ___44___them.Even so, the authors admit that they didn’t compare different sedentary activities to ___45___whether TV watching was linked to a greater risk of diabetes,heart disease or clearly death compared with, say, reading.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2015年6月大学英语四级考试真题Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section AQuestions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.The U。

S. Department of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality education。

Today it is 36 the launch of the Excellent Educators for All Initiative. The initiative will help states and school districts support great educators for the students who need them most。

"All children are 37 to a high—quality education regardless of their race，zip code or family income。

It is 38 important that we provide teachers and principals the support they need to help students reach their full 39 ，”U。

S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said.”Despite the excellent work and deep 40 of our nation’s teachers and principals，students in high—poverty，high—minority schools are unfairly treated across our country。

2015年6月大学英语四级考试真题Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section AQuestions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.The U.S. Department of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality education. Today it is 36 the launch of the Excellent Educators for All Initiative. The initiative will help states and school districts support great educators for the students who need them most."All children are 37 to a high-quality education regardless of their race, zip code or family income. It is 38 important that we provide teachers and principals the support they need to help students reach their full 39 ," U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said." Despite the excellent work and deep 40 of our nation's teachers and principals, students in high-poverty, high- minority schools are unfairly treated across our country. We have to do better. Local leaders and educators will 41 their own creative solutions, but we must work together to 42 our focus on how to better recruit, support and 43 effective teachers and principals for all students, especially the kids who need them most."Today's announcement is another important step forward in improving access to a quality education, a 44 of President Obama's year of action .Later today, Secretary Duncan will lead a roundtable discussion with principals and school teachers from across the country about the 45 of working in high-need schools and how to adopt promising practices for supporting great educators in these schools.A. AnnouncingB. beneficialC. challengesD. commitmentE. componentF. contestsG. criticallyH. developI. distributing J. enhance K. entitled L. potentialM. properly N. qualified O. retainSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Changes Facing Fast FoodA）Fast-food firms have to be a thick-skinned bunch. Health experts regularly criticize them severely for selling food that makes people fat. Critics even complain that McDonald's, whose logo symbolizes calorie excess, should not have been allowed to sponsor the World Cup. These are things fast-food firms have learnt to cope with. But not perhaps for much longer. The burger business faces more pressure from regulators at a time when it is already adapting strategies in response to shifts in the global economy.B) Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof. When consumers need to cut spending, the logic goes, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive. Such "trading down” proved true for much of the latest recession, when fast-food companies picked up customers who could no longer afford to eat at casual restaurants. Traffic was boosted in America,the home of fast food, with discounts and promotions, such as $1 menus and cheap combination meals.C) As a result, fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than their more expensive competitors. In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6% , but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains. In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased. Same-store sales in America at McDonald's, the world's largest fast-food company, did not decline throughout the downturn. Pan era Bread, an American fast-food chain known for its fresh ingredients, performed well, too, because it offers higher-quality food at lower prices than restaurants.D) But not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate. Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall. In a severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money. David Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smaller fast- food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they are competing with the global giant McDonald's, which increased spending on advertising by more than 7% last year as others cut back.E）Some fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better value. During the recession companies set prices low, hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would be persuaded to order more expensive items. But in many cases that strategy did not work. Last year Burger King franchisees (特许经营人)sued (起诉)the company over its double-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for them to be required to sell these for $1 when they cost$1.10 to make. In May a judge ruled in favor of Burger King. Nevertheless, the company may still be cursing its decision to promote cheap choices over more expensive ones because items on its "value menu" now account for around 20% of all sales, up from 12% last October.F）Analysts expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this year. But the downturn is making companies rethink their strategies. Many are now introducing higher-priced items to entice (引诱)consumers away from $1 specials.KFC, a division of Yum! Brands, which also owns Taco Bell and Pizza Hut, has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5.And in May Burger King introduced barbecue (烧烤)pork ribs at $7 for eight.G）Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including drinks. McDonald’s started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks. Its " Mc Cafe" line now accounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America. Starbucks has sold rights to its Seattle's Best coffee brand to Burger King, which will start selling it later this year.H) As fast-food companies shift from "super size" to "more buys", they need to keep customer traffic high throughout the day. Many see breakfast as a big opportunity, and not just for fatty food. McDonald’s will start selling porridge (粥)in America next year. Breakfast has the potential to be very profitable, says Sara Senator of Bernstein, a research firm, because the margins can be high. Fast-food companies are also adding midday and late-night snacks, such as blended drinks and wraps. The idea is that by having a greater range of things on the menu, "we can sell to consumers products they want all day," says Rick Carlucci., the .chief financial officer of Yum ! Brands.I)But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided government regulation. By providing healthy options, like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity (肥胖症).These offerings are not necessarily loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of outlets to groups of diners that include some people who don't want to eat a burger. But customers cannot be forced to order salads instead of fries.J) In the future, simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough."Every packaged-food and restaurant company I know is concerned about regulation right now," says Mr. Palmer of UBS. America’s health-reform bill, which Congress passed this year, requires restaurant chains with 20 or more outlets to put the calorie-content of items they serve on the menu. A study by the National Bureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects on Starbucks of a similar calorie-posting law in New York City in 2007, found that the average calorie-count per transaction fell 6% and revenue increased 3% at Starbucks stores where a Dunlin Donuts outlet was nearby--a sign, it is said, that menu-labeling could favor chains that have more healthy offerings.K) In order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere, fast-food companies will have to continue innovating (创新).Walt Riker of McDonald's claims the change it has made in its menu means it offers more healthy items than it did a few years ago."We probably sell more vegetables, more milk, more salads, more apples than any restaurant business in the world," he says. But the recent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from including toys in its high-calorie” Happy Meals", because legislators believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests there isa lot more left to do.46.Some people propose laws be made to stop McDonald's from attaching toys to its food specials for children.47. Fast-food fins may not be able to cope with pressures from food regulation in the near future.48. Burger King will start to sell Seattle's Best coffee to increase sales.49. Some fast-food firms provide healthy food to give the impression they are helping to tackle the obesity problem.50. During the recession, many customers turned to fast food to save money.51. Many people eat out less often to save money in times of recession.52. During the recession, Burger King's promotional strategy of offering low-priced items often proved ineffective.53. Fast-food restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast.54. Many fast-food companies now expect to increase their revenue by introducing higher-priced items.55. A newly-passed law asks big fast-food chains to specify the calorie count of what they serve on the menu.Section CPassage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.If you think a high-factor sunscreen (防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong. Research in this week's Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence, it can't prevent them. Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers. You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one. Melanomas are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun. Other skin cancers are increasingly likely withlong-term exposure.There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer. A 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed. A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn't have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats, long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection. This study said other forms of sun protection not sunscreen seemed most beneficial. The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it's not entirely reliable. But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.Many people also don't use sunscreen properly applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long. It is sunburn that is most worrying recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign. So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on (抹上)sunscreen and slap on a hat.56. What is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?A. It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.B. It will protect them from sunburn.C. It will keep their skin smooth and fair.D. It will work for people of any skin color.57. What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?A. It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.B. It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.C. It is ineffective with long-term exposure.D. It is ineffective for people with fair skin.58. What do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?A. Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.B High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.C. Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.D. Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.59. What does the author say about the second Australian study?A. It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.B. It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.C. It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.D. It confirms the results of the first Australian study.60. What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?A. Using both covering up and sunscreen.B. Staying in the shade whenever possible.C. Using covering up instead of sunscreen.D. Applying the right amount of sunscreen.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled.Some65% of American men aged 62 -74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.Policy is partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early. Rising life expectancy (预期寿命), combined with the replacement of generous defamed-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation. Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.61. What is happening in the workforce in rich countries?A. Younger people are replacing the elderly.B. Well-educated people tend to work longer.C. Unemployment rates are rising year after year.D. People with no college degree do not easily find work.62. What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?A. Longer life expectancies.B. A rapid technological advance.C. Profound changes in the workforce.D. A growing number of the well-educated.63. What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?A. Economic growth will slow down.B Government budgets will increase.C. More people will try to pursue higher education.D. There will be more competition in the job market.64. What is the result of policy changes in European countries?A. Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.B. More people have to receive in-service training.C. Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.D. People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.65. What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?A. Computers will do more complicated work.B. More will be taken by the educated young.C. Most jobs to be done will be the creative ones.D. Skills are highly valued regardless of age.Part ⅣTranslation ( 30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。

2015年6月英语四级阅读题模拟练习及答案五Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passageRoom for all，for now.But there are signs that the sharing site(住房分享网站)is starting to threaten budget hotels.Even as they lobby regulators to crack down on residential sharing services，hoteliers play down the threat such companies pose to their industry.The top brass at the Four Seasons and Hilton chains have all said that these firms do not compete for their core market;a vice-president of The Ritz-Carlton group recently claimed she had not even heard of Airbnb.And Airbnb itself agrees，arguing that it does not displace existing lodging but is creating new demand.“I’m optimistic that there isn’t going to be a war”with hotels.Brian Chesky,its boss，said in January.A recent study seems to confirm that，for now at least，Airbnb is only nibbling at influence from Airbnb on business and luxury hotels.But in places where it has established a presence，it cut the revenues of budget hotels by 5%in the two years to December 2013.If Airbnb were to keep growing at its current rate，the Texas study suggests that by 20 1 6 the dent in budget hotels’takings will be10%.Wim their high fixed costs，that could push many ofthem into the red.of course.Airbnb may hit me limits of either supply or demand before then，but smaller hotels are already blaming it for their woes.“I see a direct correlation between our revenues going down and Airbnb’s going up，”says Vijay Dandapani，the president of Apple Core Hotels in New York.“We had continued growth until Airbnb.”The financing round that Airbnb has iust closed，valuing it at more than all but the four largest global hotel groups，suggests that investors agree.Concur,a travel-and expense-management firm.has seen its corporate clients’Airbnb bookings grow from a rounding error at the start of 2012 to more than lmillion so far this year.If Airbnb can integrate with online travel agencies such as Expedia and increase the share of its hosts that provide instant booking coniirmation.business hotels may find themselves with a surprisingly unignorable competitor.61.What is the reaction of other competitors to the appearance of Airbnb?A. They highlight the threat it poses to their industries.B.They never pay attention to this unworthy competitor.C.They did not obviously worry about the appearance of Airbnb.D.TheY are optimistic about their close cooperation in future.62.What does the Texas study show about the future ofAirbnb in Para.47A.Airbnb will never swallow the whole of hotel industry’s lunch.B. Airbnb may threaten the status of luxury and business hotels.C.Airbnb had cut a great deal of the revenues of budget hotels.D. Airbnb probably has a bright future among its competitors.63.What can we infer from the statements ofPara.57A. Airbnb will become a powerful competitor in the future market.B. Airbnb should be responsible for the woe of smA.ler hotels.C.Airbnb’s going up correlates with others’going down.D.Airbnb would capture 10%takings ofbudget hotels by 2016.64.What can Airbnb do to be a surprisingly unignorable competitor?A.Willingly collaborating with the four largest global hotel groups.B. Cooperating with online travel agencies and increasing the share of its hosts.C.Beating against all the potential rivals to gain its market shares.D.Expanding its online bookings by the help of online travel agencies.65.What’s the meaning of“Room for all.for now.”?A. Everyone will have a private room as soon as possible.B. The online travel agencies will offer us a room quickly.C.It is quite convenient for people to book rooms on sharing site.D. The information on sharing site is useful for us to book rooms.61.What is the reaction of other competitors to the appearance ofAirbnb?其他竞争者对于Airbnb的出现有什么样的反应?A.They highlight the threat it poses to theft industries.他们放大了其对自己产业的威胁。

2015年6月英语四级阅读理解练习及解析1 There are people in Italy who can’t stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey.A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. 『Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens.』① They tell you it’s a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet, gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because there’s the sport that glorifies “the hit”.By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still.On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, close ups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. The TV won’t do it for you.Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. 『But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or bring the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first baseman’s position.』② Suppose the pitch is a ball. “Nothing happened,” you say. “I could have had my eyes closed.”The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. If football is a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes, chores and responses.1. The passage is mainly concerned with ______.A. the different tastes of people for sportsB. the different characteristics of sportsC. the attraction of footballD. the attraction of baseball2. Those who don’t like baseball may complain that ______.A. it is only to the taste of the oldB. it involves fewer players than footballC. it is not exciting enoughD. it is pretentious and looks funny3. The author admits that ______.A. baseball is too peaceful for the youngB. baseball may seem boring when watched on TVC. football is more attracting than baseballD. baseball is more interesting than football4. By stating “I could have had my eyes closed. ” the author means (4th paragraph last sentence):A. The third baseman would rather sleep than play the game.B. Even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no different to the result.C. The third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed all the time and do his work well.D. The consequent was too bad he could not bear to see it.5. We can safely conclude that the author ______.A. likes footballB. hates footballC. hates baseballD. likes baseball词汇与短语1. dugout n. 棒球场边供球员休息的地方2. pitcher n. 投手3. symphony n. 交响乐4. chamber n. 室内5. contemplate vt.沉思，注视长难句解析①【解析】此句的主干是“Baseball?means?watching?”，其中“in funny tight outfits”用来修饰“grown men”,“standing?”和“staring”用来做“grown men”的定语。

2015年英语四级阅读模拟试题及答案（精品试卷五）Sectio n CDirect ions: There are 2 passages in this sect ion. Each passage is followed by some questi ons or unfini shed stateme nts. For each of them there are four choices markedA . ,B . , C . and D . . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresp onding letter on An swer Sheet 2 with a si ngle line through the cen tre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference betwee n the Ian guage he uses and the Ian guage those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the n ecessary cha nges to make his Ian guage like other people's. In the same way, when children learn to do all the other thingsthey learn to do without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle--compare those performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the n eeded cha nges. But in school we n ever give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would n ever no tice a mistake uni ess it was poin ted out to him, or correct it uni ess he was madeto. Soon he becomesdependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what an swer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of say ing or doing this or not.If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tellsus that he can't find the way to get the right answer. Let's end this nonsense of grades, exams,marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must someday learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of kno wledge to be lear nt at school and used for the rest of one's life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. An xious pare nts and teachers say, "But suppose they fail to lear n something essential, something they will need to get in the world?"Don't worry! If it is esse ntial, they will go out in to the world and lear n it.56. What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things?A. By imitat ing what other people do.B. By maki ng mistakes and hav ing them corrected.C. By liste ning to expla nati ons from skilled people.D. By ask ing a great many questi ons.57. The passage suggests that lear ning to speak and leam ing to fide abicycle are _________ .A. not really important skillsB. more importa nt tha n other skillsC. basically differe nt from lear ning adult skillsD. basically the same as learning other skills58. Accord ing to the passage, the author thinks teachers in schoolshould _________ .A. allow childre n to lear n by himself or herselfB. point out childre n's mistakes whe never they're foundC. correct children's mistakes as soon as possibleD. give childre n more book kno wledge59. The author believes the teacher's role in children's learning shouldbe _________ .A. the identifier and corrector of their errorsB. their helper and guideC. the person to grade their performanee and give feedbacksD. the person to pass on something essential to them60. The title of this passage could probably be ________ .A. Let Teachers Stop WorkB. Let Us Make Childre n Lear nC. Let Childre n Correct Their Own PapersD. Let Childre n Lear n by ThemselvesPassage TwoQuesti ons 61 to 65 are based on the follow ing passage.Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an importa nt decisi on, such as choos ing a uni versity to atte nd or a bus in ess to in vest in, inv olves the utilizati on of a decisi on worksheet.Psychologists who study optimizati on （最优化）compare the actual decisions madeby people to theoretical ideal decisions to see howsimilar they are. Proponents （支持者）of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take,they areall similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining theproblem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutionsto the problem. Next, the pert inent （相关的）con siderati ons that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importanee of each con sideratio n or con seque nee is determ in ed. Each con siderati on is assigned anumerical value to reflect its relative importanee. A decision is mathematically calculated by addi ng these values together. The alter native with the highest nu mber of poi nts emerges as the best decisi on.Si nee most importa nt problems are multifaceted （多层面的），there are several alter natives to choose from,each with unique adva ntages and disadva ntages. On eof the ben efits of a pen cil and paper decisi on-mak ing procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can gen erally comprehe nd and remember. On the average, people can keep about seve n ideas in their minds at on ce. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision invoIves a large number of variables with complex relatio nships. A realistic example for my college stude nts is the questi on "What will I do after graduati on?" A graduate might seeka positi on that offers specialized training, pursue an adva need degree, or travel abroad for a year.A decision-making worksheet begins with succinct （简洁的）statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the disti ncti on betwee n Ion g-ra nge and immediate goals because Ion g-ra nge goals ofte n invo Ive a differe nt decisi on tha n short-ra nge on es. Focus ing on Ion g-ra nge goals, a graduat ing stude nt might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation thatwill lead to a successful career?"61. Of the following stepsis the one that occurs before the others in making a decisi on worksheet.A. listi ng the eon seque nces of each solutio nB. calculat ing a nu merical summary of each soluti onC. writing down all possible solutionsD. decid ing which eon seque nces are most importa nt62. Accord ing to decisi on-worksheet theory, an optimal decisi on isdefi ned as one that _________ .A. has the fewest variables to eon siderB. uses the most decisi on worksheetsC. has the most points assig ned to itD. is agreed to by the greatest nu mber of people63. The author develops the discussi on in paragraph 1 by meansof ________ .A. describ ing a processB. classify ing differe nt typesC. provid ing historical backgro undD. expla ining a theory64. The author's attitude towards a pen cil and paper decisi on-mak ingprocedure is __________ .A. n euralB. appro vingC. ambiguousD. biased65. The passage mainly discusses __________ .A. a tool to assist in making complex decisionsB. a comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisionsC. research on how people make decisi onsD. differe nces betwee n making Ion g-ra nge and short-ra nge decisi ons【参考译文】让孩子学着评价自己的工作。