选修八 3.6《Unit 3 Warming up

Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsWarming Up Pre-reading, Reading---教案Teaching Goals:1. To learn about the difference between a discovery and an invention2.To arouse Ss’ interest in learning about the stages of an invention3.To develop Ss’ some basic rea ding skills.4.To develop Ss’ ability to discover and solve the problems andcultivate Ss’ creativity and imagination.Teaching Procedures:Step 1. Warming UpPurpose: To arouse Ss’ interest in learning about the difference betweena discovery and an inventionGet Ss t to guess what the invention is or who the inventor is in groups Question 1:It`s made of plastics and metal.It looks like a small box.The invention can contact someone while you are on the move.Suggested Answer: Mobile phone.Question 2:The inventor is from America.He is one of the father of inventions.The inventor invented the bulb.Suggested Answer: Edison2. Get Ss to tell as many the inventions they know as possible in groups.3. Ask Ss to look at the pictures on P19 and answer the following questions.(1) Which of the pictures is an invention?(2) Which of the pictures is a discovery?4. Get Ss to discuss the difference between the inventions and a discovery and give a definition of them and give some examples of each category.Suggested Answer:An invention is something produced for the first time through the use of imagination or ingenious thinking and experimentation.A discovery merely makes known something that already exists in nature. Step 2. Pre-readingPurpose : To get Ss to be aware of the connection between inventing and the scientific process.1. Let Ss work in pairs and decided what the first and most important stageis to make an invention.2. Ask Ss to finish the exercise of Pre-reading on P19 and then check the answer in pairs.Step 3. Leading-inPurpose: Arouse Ss’ interest in the text and encourage Ss to imagine the content of the text.Ask Ss to predict in pairs the content of the text based on the title and pictures.Step 4. Fast readingPurpose: To get Ss to have a brief understanding of the text1. Ask Ss to read the text quickly and try to get the main idea of the whole text.Suggested Answer:The text narrates the problem of the snakes and presents the procedures of catching them and applying for a patent2. Get Ss to divide the passage and work out the main idea for each part. Part I (Para 1): The discovery of the problem of the snakes.Part II (Para 2～3): The research on the approaches to solve the problem. Part III (Para 4～6): The attempts to catch the snakes.Part IV (Para 7～8): The requirement of getting a patent.Step 5. Intensive reading1. Ask Ss to read the text carefully and find out which paragraph or paragraphs deal with each inventing process in the passage and find the examples: Suggested Answer:2. Ask Ss to work in pairs and try to tell which of the following statementsare true and which are false.(1) When the writer called up her mother in the country on the phone shewas very excited.(2) The writer felt very proud that she had a chance to distinguish herselfby inventing something that would catch snakes but not harm them.(3) The first thing the writer tried to do was to catch the snakes.(4) The writer decided to remove the snakes` habitat.(5) The writer used an ice-maker、a bowl、some jelly、ice-cubes、a bucketand a net to catch the snakes.(6) After three attempts, the writer finally caught the snakes and sentthem into the wild.(7) The writer himself decided to send her invention to the patent officeto get recognition for her successful idea.(8) The criteria are so strict that it is difficult for new ideas to beaccepted unless they are truly novel and are really different from everybody else`s.Suggested Answers:(1) F (2) T (3) F (4) F (5) T (6) T (7) F (8) T3. Ask Ss to take the quiz below and see whether Ss can grasp the details of the text.(1) Why did the writer do so much trap the snakes but not hurt them ?A. Because she wanted to eat the snakes.B. Because she planned to apply for a patent.C. Because she obeyed her parents and wanted to test her new idea.D. Because they were poisonous snakes.(2) The writer set about researching the habits of snakes in order to________A. know how to drive them off.B. kill them in the easiest way.C. trap them in the easiest way.D. get on well with snakes.(3) The writer placed a frozen bowl over the snakes` habitats because______.A. The snakes were small.B. She knew the snakes were cold-blooded animals.C. She didn`t want to be bitten.D. She wanted to make the snakes passive and caught them easily.(4) Which statement is true according to the text?A. The writer decided to send her invention to the patent office the momentshe succeeded catching the snakes.B. The snakes were still as active as before in the first attempt.C. The writer could make a lot of money if she succeed.D. If an application for your product proves to be valid, you can geta patent immediately. .(5) According to the text, which subject do you think can be given a patent?A. A new kind of flower found by a botanist..B. A new way to make dirty .air cleanC. A new poem written by Mr. Li.D.A .new star discovered by a scientist.Suggested Answers:(1) C (2) C (3) D (4) C (5) B4. Ask Ss to read the text carefully and try to get more details from the text and then fill in the form.Suggested Answers(1) powers (2) hurt .(3)removing (4) attracting (5) using(6)cooling(7) sleepy (8) frozen (9) ice-cubes (10) a large bucket (11) two hours (12) less(13) disappeared (14) placed (15) bucket (16) Overnight; (17) very(18) bite(19) procedure (20) monitored (21) Overnight (22) passive (23) released(25) form (26) application (27) examined (28) 185. According to the form above, get Ss to retell the text.Step 6. ExtensionPurpose: To develop Ss`s ability to discover and solve the problems and cultivate Ss creativity and imagination.To provide a chance for Ss to apply their creative skills to real tasks.1. Ask Ss to work in qroups and answer the following questions.(1) What’s the writing purpose of the writer?Suggested Answer:The writer wants to inform us of the scientific methods to solve present problems so that we students can not only broaden the horizons but become more skilled in discovering and considering carefully the problems in daily life. We are also encouraged by the writer to be creative and hardworking as well as thinking independently.(2) What should we learn from this text?Suggested Answer:We can learn from the text the way of doing scientific researches and how to apply for a patent. We can also learn that it takes an inventor great determination persistence to achieve his or her ambition and persistence to achieve his or her ambition in life.2. Get Ss formed in groups of four and discuss some inconveniences they’ve met in their life. They must imagine an invention to solve these inconveniences. After discussion, fill in the following form. Here are some problems for Ss to choose from and Ss can choose their own problem. Remember to include one change to your invention in case it doesn’t work the first time.(This can be done after class.)Problem 1: the apples growing on your apple tree are too high for you to reach them. What can you invent to pick your apples in comfort?Problem 2: You need to make a house but you only have fishing nets and manyplastic bottles. How can you solve it?Problem 3: You want to catch fish but not hurt them when you do so. Design a fishing rod that will solve this problem.Patent Application Question FormStep 7. Homework1.Ask Ss to go over the reading text.2.Ask Ss to preview Learning about Language.。

优质资料---欢迎下载Unit3 Warming up 名师教学设计Unit3 Warming up and SpeakingTeaching goals教学目标1. Target language目标语言：重点词汇和短语discovery, application, evaluate, presentation, alternative, messenger, get together, make a case for, add up2. Ability goals能力目标Enable the students to talk about information and different.3. Learning ability goals学能目标Help the students learn how to talk about inventions and discoveries.Teaching important & difficult points教学重难点How to talk about inventions and discoveries.Teaching methods教学方法Discussion.Teaching aids教具准备A computer and a projector.Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方法Step I Warming upTalk about inventions and discoveries.T: The importance of inventions to social progress can never be changed. Ench inventi on carries the world a step forward and provides stimulation for later ones.Whit inventions turning up all the time, our world is always taking on a new look. But do you know what an invention is?S1: The creation of something newS2: A creation (a new device or process) resulting from study and experimentation.S3: The creation of new things.…Ask the students to talk about the pictures with the teacher’s help, and then discuss the first two questions.T: And what is a discovery?What’s the difference between a discovery and an invention?Now look at the pictures on page1. Work in pairs and talk about the three different things, telling them apart and giving reasons.Show the following.1. Which o these pictures show inventions? Does any of them show discoveries?2. Work out two rules that will help you decide what is a discovery and what is an invention?S1: I think the first two are inventions, i. e. the amphibious car and Stevenson’s“Rock et” while the last picture about the DNA is a kind of discovery. Because the first two p roducts were quite new to people at that time and no one had ever seen or designed su ch kind of vehicles before though some others had made similar cars or machines whi ch had less functions and advantages as these two. I think the picture about the DNA i s a kind of scientific discovery in biology because such cells and their structure do exi st in living creatures and they have been found out by a certain scientist and are made known to the public nowadays. So I think a discovery is something existing before but unknown while an invention is something unknown and not existing before.S2: I think the first two pictures show us great human inventions about the transportati on because they were invented by people for certain purposes and they had special advantages and could satisfy people’s needs in some ways. On the other hand the third p icture showing the formation of DNA is a kind of discovery because these special cell s exist and function in the body of life all the time no matter who discovers it or when and where it is discovered.In my opinion a discovery is something found out or brought to view now but it was u nknown before while an invention is something created or designed by people, which is completely new not only now but in the past.T: Well, from these pictures we can see that there lies differences between a discovery and an invention. There are certain rules or questions you should pay attention to whil e distinguishing them. Did it exist in the past? Is it created or developed by people? A n invention is something that is created by a human being, such as the lightning rod. T o the contrary, a discovery merely makes known something that already existed in nat ure, such as the discovery on the New Continent by Columbia. OK. Let’s go on with s ome other questions of this part.You may talk with your partner first before we have a check five minutes later. Show the following.What modern inventions do you know? Describe them to your partner and how useful they are in life today.S1: Adidas 1 is the thinking shoes with a built-in microprocessor that decides how soft or firm the wearer needs the support. It has been chosen by Popular Science magazin e as the best recreation invention of 2004. It is very comfortable to wear it all day with out worrying about your toes being hurt and you can adjust the height and stiffness ac cording to your demands whenever you want and wherever you go. Thus it is a very p ractical choice for both the young and the old when having exciting sports outdoors or resting at home during holidays.S2: Camera phones have opened up a new way to communicate. Because many of the m look like regular cell phones, you can snap pictures as discreetly as any spy and, wi th the push of a few buttons, pop them into an e-mail or upload them to the Web in les s than a minute. No wires or to the Web in less than a minute. No wires or computer h ookups necessary. To be sure, most camera phones end up taking pictures of friends family, babies and pets. But they have also been used to snap pictures of VIPs at private parties, copy recipes from cookbooks at bookstores and even document crimes in prog ress. But with an estimated 80 million camera phones sold in 2003, 6 million in the U. S. alone− the cat may already be out of the camera bag. Like it or not, these camera p hones have been very popular and widely used by people even today.S3: A kind of robot heart called AbioCor was invented in 2001. On July 2, 2001, the 5 9-year-old grandfather and retired librarian Robert Tools became the first human to ge t one. It’s been long since the operation, and Tools’ new heart is still beating.He can walk a city block without stopping and he’s even making plans for the future. Though not everybody needs a new heart, hundreds of thousands eventually may. Nor will an artificial heart rid the world of sickness or poverty or terror. But sometimes it r eally helps.T: Very good! I am glad to see that all of you have known so many modern inventions both at home and abroad and you have thought a lot about them. It’s certain that mode rn discoveries and inventions do have great effects in people’s life and can always rep resent the advanced science and technology, so you should to distinguish them and ma ke good use of them.Step II TalkingT: Suppose you are working for a mobile company. It is your job to suggest new ways of developing a mobile. In pairs discuss some new applications of a mobile. Make a li st of the ones you like and that seem the most useful. Choose one you both like and th ink will be popular with other people. Now work in groups of four to discuss the quest ion.S1: I suggest the new applications of mobile should be: portable entertainment players ,cameras, membership and loyalty cards, guidebooks, maps, tickets, watches, and devi ces for accessing everything from news to corporate databases. Among them, we like t he applications of devices for accessing everything from news to corporate databases. We both think they are useful and will soon be popular with others in the near future b ecause the ability will enable a whole class of workers to relyless on their memory an d more on their company’s and even world’s knowledge maintenance, sales construction, transportation, taxicab drivers, and many other workers spend a great deal of time from offices. Thus, when they need information, they must either have it in their head s or stop what they are doing and make a pone call.S2: I think the new mobiles can be developed better with 4G to listen to the radio, wat ch TV, play games, do shopping, chat on the QQ,, surf the internet, control the electric al equipment at home in the distance, give off harmless rays and be used ascomputers with special operating systems which can do business, have fun and work as intelligen t P4 computers. Among them, we like the new application of surfing the internet and d oing shopping and we both think they are useful and will soon be popular among you ngsters because it is very convenient for people to find various useful information wh enever and wherever possible. As there are different kinds of goods to choose from on line and it’s very funny and exciting to make choices and buy what we need at a reaso nable price without going out and bargain with sellers in the markets.…T: Very good. Now get together with another pair to discuss whether your suggestion i s a good one. Make a case for your idea. Let the other pair evaluate it. Then swap so t hat you evaluate their idea. Decide which idea you like better and prepare to explain it . Then present it to the class.S1: I think the first classmate’s expectation that the mobile phones can do so much, m aybe more than they can offer. The mobile phones usually have limited size and capac ity. So I think it will take time before the mobiles are designed to meet his needs.S2: I think it’s practical and meaningful for the second classmate to develop the mobil es in that way. Though it has been used in some ways but we can do better because ev ery day we have much information to look for and different types of things to do and t he smart mobile can make it more convenient for us to achieve our goals in life.…T: Now, I’d like you to discuss in groups and try to tell the other about your ideas and the others who act as the leaders of the company may ask some questions for him or h er to answer. Then I’d like some of you to report your group work.Five minutes later.(L=Leader of the company)S: I think the new mobiles can be developed better with 4G to watch TV and do shopp ing on the internet.L1: Well, have you thought about the cost of this kind of new mobile which has a larg e capacity and such functions.S: Yes. I’ll make a good survey of the international electronic markets in advance and try to reduce the cost as much as possible.L2: Are you sure of the security measures of using these mobiles, especially when the y are used to shop on the internet.S: Sure. I’ll keep the new mobiles designed so in order that they will give warning me ssages whenever there is misleading information or dishonesty in selling and buying t hings on the internet.L3: I think it would be difficult for the new mobile of limited size to be used to watch live broadcast and pick out all sorts of goods on the internet. Have you taken these int o consideration?S: Yes. Now, I come to realize that I have to design the mobiles with larger screens, w hich can make it more convenient and comfortable for the users. Thank you!T: Very good! I can see all of you have done a good job in the presentation. Next I wa nt you to evaluate the ideas using the following criteria. First, do you know about the words, Such as originality and quality argument?S: Yes, originality just means the quality of being new and interesting and quality argu ment just means different opinions about the quality of the product.T: Quite right! Now let’s look at the criteria and go on with the next step.Show the followingAfter each group has taken part, add up the scores and award the contract to the winne r!T: Next, I’d like to divide you into four teams and the leader of the company will writ e down the scores according to the criteria while helping everyone present the ideas. At last the winner will be awarded in class.Step III SPEAKING TASKT: Leonardo da Vinci was not only a painter, but a true inventor. Now look at the pictu re in 1 on page 68. I’d like you to work in pairs and discuss what this invention of Leo nardo da Vinci was. Several alternative explanations are provided, but only one is corr ect. Be prepared to give your ideas to the class with your reasons.S: I think it’s a kind of water slide because we can clearly see the long slide way conn ecting the water tower, equipment on the roof of the building and the base on the grou nd. If there is a lack of water down on the ground, the working machine will be used s o carry water from the tower above to the ground along the slide way. Just so, this spe cially fixed machine can also carry water up to store in the tower if the water on the gr ound is more than needed. This kind of invention is really useful especially in some dr y or mountainous areas.T: Good! You are very creative in thinking about the use of the machine in different ca ses and from this we can see Leonard da Vinci is really a great inventor. He contribute d to people’s everyday life besides painting wonderful pictures.Well, let’s go on with Activity 2.Please look at the pictures and read the instructions below, discuss in groups and finish the exercises.Sample answers:Step IV ProjectT: “Creativity is the soul of a nation and an inexhaustible source of a country’s prospe rity.” Chinese former President Jiang Zemin said in the speech delivered on Novembe r 24 to the scientific and technological community in the Science City of Novosibirsk. As a young generation, every one of us should be creative and inventive in order to co ntribute more to make our country richer and more beautiful. Now, please look at the project exercise on page 69. I’d like you first read the introductions and then discuss i n pairs about the pictures and solutions to the problems. Finally I’d like someone to pr esent your work.One possible solution:S: In this kind of situation, I will have to use the sticks and ropes to make a fishing ro d with the nails made in shape of hooks. I will cut the pumpkin or the nuts on the trees into halves so as to make a water container. And as for the shelter I’d use the piece of cloth combined with sticks, ropes and nails. I will have to need a magnifying glass fou nd on the island to focus the heat on the leaves and wood so that there will be much s moke rising from the fire caused by the strong light and heat from the sun. If I’m not lucky enough to be saved by someone, I would have to use the ropes cut by the knife t o link the pieces of wood together so as to make a raft as means of escape.T: Good! You all have good imaginations and you have known much about how to de sign and make effective inventions especially in emergency. I am very proud ofyou an d I’m sure you will do more research about the inventions after class until you make t hem perfect.Step V HomeworkAsk the students to do the following.1. Search for more information about mobiles on the Internet.2. Prepare for the listening part on page 26.。

Para 1-2: reason for the letter
1.What is grandpa proud of?
“It is amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20km in an afternoon.”
2.What contributes to grandpa’s long and active life?
Reading
Advice From Grandad
Para 1&2&5
• Writer: grandad • Receiver: grandson named James
• What’s the purpose of grandpa’s letter?
To persuade James out of smoking and strengthen his resolve.
• The first two sentences of the letter show that James’ grandad ______.
A. has nothing to do at home B. lives a healthy life C. is tired when returning from a long bike trip D. likes sitting in the garden
4. smell _t_e_r_r_ib_l_e_. 5. The ends of fingerst_u_r_n__y_e_ll_o_w_. 6. You become_b_r_e_a_t_h_l_e_s_squickly.
7. You are not enjoying_s__p_o_r_t_.

6. The purpose in writing this text is A. to show us how to trap the snakes but not to kill them B. to tell people how to apply for a patent of the writer's new idea C. to introduce the writer's new idea of trapping the snakes and her application for a patent D. to tell the readers how to get a new idea and make it a patent
What’s the connection between discovery and invention?
Discoveries often lead to inventions.
Pre-reading
Do you know the stages every inventor must go through before they can have their invention approved? Here give you some similar stages used in research, please work out them in the suitable order.
_i_m__m___e_d__i_a__t_e_l_y_.
5.According to the text, which subject do you think can be given a patent? Para 7
A. A new star d__i_s__c__o__v__e__r_e__d_ by a scientist. B. A new novel written by Yao Ming.