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高考英语图表类书面表达素材一、常用词汇1.点明图表所反映的主题table 表格，chart 图表，diagram 图解/示意图，figure图形/数字，describe 描述，tell 告诉，show 表明，represent 描绘/展示，indicate 显示2.分析数据差异及变化趋势（1）表示上升或增加的：rise, increase, go up（2）表示下降或减少的：decrease, fall, reduce, decline, drop, go down（3）表示变化特点的：sharply 急剧地，quickly 迅速地，rapidly 快速地，dramatically 戏剧性地，slowly 缓慢地，gradually 逐渐地。
（4）表示比较的：compared different from, difference between, while,contrary, however, more than, less than。
3.描述图表变化趋势上升(v.)：increase; go up; rise; improve; grow;jump; rocket; soar; surge; shoot up（猛增）上升(n.)：increase; rise; growth; jump; surge下降(v.)：fall; drop; decrease; decline; go down; sink; dipplummet; plunge（暴跌）下降(n.)：decrease, decline, fall, reduction, drop波动(v.)：fluctuate波动(n.)：fluctuation持平(v.)：stabilize; remain the same trend; remain stable; remain constant; level off多条曲线趋势一致：A andB share the same trend; the trend of A happens to coincide with B4.描述图表变化程度程度很大significantly；considerably；rapidly；sharply；dramatically；drastically; enormously；substantially；markedly程度较轻slightly；gradually；slowly; steadily；moderately5.极值类最高点：reach the peak/top/highest point；increase to the peak/top/highest point(所有上升类的动词都可以替换掉increase) 最低点：reach/hit the bottom/lowest point；drop to the bottom/lowest point(所有下降类的动词都可以替换掉drop)占比最多：occupy/ make up/ take up/ account for/ the largestproportion/number/percentage of …占比最少：occupy/ make up/ take up/ account for the smallestproportion/number/percentage of…6.表示"大约"about/around + 数字数字+ or soapproximately + 数字二、常用句式（一）表示“说明”在说明图表的时候，要使用下列表示“说明”的常用句式，它们可以帮助读者弄清楚所引信息的出处，有效地将你要说的话带出来。
书面表达常用词汇★高频形容词：贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental = baneful =undesirable 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest 健康的：healthy = robust = sound = wholesome 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous 美刖的:beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = cyc-catching 有活力的:energetic = dynamic = vigourous =animated 流行的：popular = prevailing = prevalent = pervasive ★高频动词：捉高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize 弓I 起：cause = trigger = endanger 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down 二eradicate 培养：develop = cultivate = foster = nurture 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur 认为: think = assert = hold = claim = argue 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize 减轻:ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten ★髙频名词：影响:influence= impact危险:danger = perils =hazards 污染：pollution = contamination 人类：human beings= mankind = humane race 老人：old pcoplc= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens 幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers 教育:education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing 青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents 优点:advantage = merits = superiority = virtue 责彳I：responsibility = obligation = duty = liability能力: ability = capacity = power = skill业：job = career = employment = profession 娱乐：enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment 孩子：children = offspring = descendant = kid ★高频短语：充满了: be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with 努力:struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for从事：embark on = take up = set about = go in for在当彳弋：in contemporary society = in present-day society= in this day and age 大量H勺：a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of 一些：a few=a handful of=a fistfulof=several=a couple of 越来越：be increasingly + adj, be on the rise, the growing number of, an increasing number of 越來越多的… 人们认为:it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed that 许多问题:a host of/a multitude of problems 引起人们注意:claim call/attract general/public/world attention to sth 意识至U ：there is a growing awareness/real ization ofVthat, awaken sb To the fact/danger 适应新的形势/变化：adapt/adjust/accommodatc oneself to new cnvironmcnt/changc 接触各种思想、经历：be exposed to new ideas/experience/problems 接触社会：come into frequent/close contact with the world/society 获得成功:achieve/accomplish success 捉出观点、建议:advance/put forward/come up with arguments/ideas/suggestions 作Hl努丿J: make trcmcndous/pcrsistcnt/sustaincd effort to do sth, take great pains to do 影响学习、丁作：interfere with studies/work 产牛影响：have/exert a profo und influe nee on …，have a dramatic/undesirable effect on 较好地驾驭生活：be a better pilot of one, s life 剥夺机会/权利:deprive oneself of the chance/right/opportunity 采取I口的方式：substitute for/takc the place of the old way 采取扌酋施：take effective steps/measures to 控制我们的环境：take/gain increasing control over our environment 躲避危险/挑战：shy/run away from the danger/challenge 满足要:meet/satisfy/accommodate the demand of 补偿损失：compensate for/make up for the loss/damage 解释某现彖：account for/explain the phenomenon 对很好的了JW： have a better understanding/appreciation of, have a new perspective on,provide/gain an insight into 把某因索考虑进去：take sth Into account(consideration), givr much thought to 品味人生、自由、青春：savor the lifc/frccdom/youth 培养朿J 的信尤develop/foster one9 s interest/confidence in经历变化.困难、艰险：undergo/experience great change/hardships/experience 表现出自信心等：project one" s confidence/feeling/image 生活充满不公正的地方:life is full of minor initation/injustice 追求学习职业:pursue one，s academic intcrcst/profcssional career 学习知识、技术：pursue/ acquire knowledge/technology/skill 被看作学习的榜样：be held up as an good example交流经验、知share experience/ideas/problems/knowledge 发挥、起到重要作用：play an (important/active/great) role/part 逃"7、缺课：skip school/a class/a meeting/a lecture 知识、经验丰富：rich in kiiowledge/experience 确立、追求目标：set/pursue a goal/higher standard 达至!J I"!标：achieve/accomplish/attain the goal/aim/objective克服困难：overcome obstaclcs/difficulty面临危险、困难：be confronted (faced) with/in the face of danger/difficulty 阻碍了成功：stand in the way of success, be an obstacle/barrier to success/growth 阻碍了发展：hamper/impede/stunt the development of 持传统的看法：hold conventional wisdom 发表看法：voice/express one' s opinion 持相反/合理的观点:take the opposite/fresh view 揭穿某种一贯的说法：shatter the myth of 求得帮助：enlist one^s support/help 缩小差另I」：bridge/narrow/fill the gap/gulf(between city and country) 把成功/错误归咎于:attributc/owc the succcss/failurc to 对很重要:be indispensable Important/vital to施力口压力：put/exert a academic pressure on 重视：assign/attach much importance/significance to 强调：place/put much emphasis/stress/value on 把注意力集中在：focus/conccntratc one，s attention/efforts/thoughts upon 提供机会、信,息：provide/offer/furnish an opportunity/information for sb 抓住机会:grab/seize/take the opport unity 得至lj机会：enjoy/gain access to a opportunity/information 有可能:there is (little/much) possibility/likelihood that, chances/the odds are that 展开竟争：complete against/with sb for the prizc/position/control/thc mastery of 开展运动：conduct (carry on/undertake/initiate/launch/wage) a(vigorous/nation-wide/publicity/advertising) campaign (for/against) 对我很有/没有什么意义：make much/little sense to me带来无穷的幸福，满足:be a source of happiness satisfaction/contentment/pride/complaintI*讥身于:devote/dedicate oneself to a cause/career大不一样(没啥两样)：make much (little/no) difference真iE重要的是：what really matters/counts is 改变生活旅程:change/alter the course of life 建立在人量的学习，实践上：built on tremendous amount of study/practice 进行调査，执行任务:conduct/carry out an study/task/experiment 辞去工作/学习：leave/quit one, s job/work/school 参加考试竞争等:enter (for) the examination/contest, race 参加?舌动* 讨论：takepart/participate/be engaged in sports/activities/discussion 影响思想、态度、事件的形成:shape one * s thinking/attitude 进入大学、社会、家庭、劳力市场、职业：enter a school/collcgc/socicty/thc work force/professionals实现自己的理想/愿望：realize/fu 1 fi 11/achieve one' s dream (hopes/wish/desire) 减轻压力、紧张：reduce/alleviate/relieve the stress/pressure/tension 提高社会地彳立：enhance/improve/upgradesocial status/position/standing rise to the position of leadership提高技术、能力：sharpen(increasing/improve/enhance/boost) one" s skill/ability 加快、促进发展：accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boost/the development of 随着牛活节奏的加快：with the quickening pace/rhythm/tempo of modern life/society 开阔H艮？*、兴趣：broaden one，s intcrcst/outlook, cxpand(broadcn/cnlargc) one" s mental horizons 有•助于了解、发展、宣传、解决：contribute much/little/greatly to a better understanding of/the popularity of/the growthof/solving the problem有助于解决问题:go a long way to(towards) solving the problem迷恋名利、分数：be obsessed/preoccupied with grades/fame/fortune把时间花费、浪费在：spend/waste time doing sth, put in hours' doing sth利用机会、技术:make (full/better) use of/take advantage of opportunity/time5 tap/haniess technology potential/skills/talent把知识、经验运用到..... :apply/put the theory/knowledge/experience …to practice/dailylife/good use取得进步：make much progrcss/stridcs/gains in充分发挥潜力、能力:develop one，s ability/potential to the full, give full play to one，s ability 充满激你渴望：have a burning desire/a great passion for 好学校：a great high school, a good independent school髙级课程：a special program of studies, an advanced program of studies女了学生：outstanding students, boys and girls of high ability, superior students成绩优秀学生：high-achieving students, The students at the top of the class, A students大多数美国人: most Americans , The majority of Americans积累财富: make money and possess luxuries, amass wealth and possessions想象：imagine, visualize缺点:faults, defects, the weakness问题：problems, question, troubles经济拮据：financial cares, financial pressures许多：many, Large numbers of, enormous,A： people, individuals失业:unemployment, jobless高级经理：senior executive, top-level managers公司企业：companies, enterprises, ventures能力:capacity, skill, ability影响：affect, touch把我们带到：lead us, take us引起：arising from, brought about天半：be born with, be endowed with特另lj 的:something special, something super-normal永不屈月艮的精木中： A never surrender attitude, an unrelenting drive to succeed伟人：become great, an uncompromising personality, great achicv迷住了: became fascinated with, became obsessed with思考研究：thinking about, working out受特別保护：entitled to special consideration, grant them special protection, protected by special immunity无助:helplessness, defenseless, have put their lives in our hands无辜：innocence, blameless, threatened or offended no one举例：example of,1［觉：intuition, illustration of this six sense损害：have a bad effect on, do great injury to, cause great damage to冲进：plunge, rush回报:payoff, rewards检查:checking, review新的:new, changed, altered灌输:instill, imbue孩子：children, offspring问题：question, matter, problem没有一刻联系不上:never-• •temporarily unavailable, instantly accessible at all times每个人：even to strangers, to everyone灌输思想：imbue sb with the notion, inculcates in sb the notion虽然，｛fl： Sure-••but, While it is true thst…，it，s equally true that了JW： have a perspective on, are better for our understanding of, see the connections between things看•的更远：beyond the confines of our occupation, far removed from our own, see beyond our immediate needs不矢口道：ignorance, no one knows, Little is know about使：make, render学习:learn adequate, acquire good外国教0帀：The foreign research scholar, the visiting professor, the foreign professor, the newcomer, foreign faculty利用:take full advantage of, make use of需要：is required, is called for期塑：the teacher" s expectations, the teacher knew he could do不辜负：to measure up to, to live up to没有:a lack of, an absence of话音：tone, voice传递:to communicate, be transmitted收到：pick up, absorb信息：signals, messages积极反应：reacted positively, performed accordingly语•言上优JS women perfonn better in all aspects of language usage; girls score higher than boys in reading and writing; Verbal superiority超过：excel at, are more adept at, outperform men, women outdo men许多：a large portion of, a bounteous source of, many提供：provide, furnishes热起来：boomed, exploded in popularity发泄：ventilating,outbursts of rage策略：strategies, technique提供：provide, furnish the necessary resources常用话题词及短语教育：engineer of the human souls人类灵魂的工程师teaching methodology 教学方法experimental 试验型adventurous勇于尝试responsible and conscientious （木意：对得起良心的）T•作态度认真负责的loving and caring 爱心patient 耐心cultivate and inspire originality and creativity in students 培养，激励学生的原创精神和创造力impact对生活的影响respect students尊重学牛.人格value价值观moral道徳观world perspective 世界观unconditional support 无条件支持familiarity 熟悉comfy and cozy 舒适，温馨stand by me在我身边给我鼓励和支持lack of understanding 不理解naggy 唠叨nag at somebody generation gap 代沟four generations living under one roof 四世同堂no privacy没有隐私no peace and quiet 不得安宁over-availability of parents 爸妈无处不在absence of parents 爸妈从來不在criticism批评孩子parenting tradition and style 家教传统和风格bossy好管事的disciplinarian 纪律严明对于孩了方法简单粗暴的家长enforce curfew宵禁（必须回家的时间）You' re grounded 不许出门My way or the highway要么听我的，要么滚川【去B read winner 养家的人Cook做饭common activity 共同事f青family dinner家里聚会吃饭road trip开车出行discussion of life 谈生活不同风格家庭表达方式nuclear family 小家extended family 人家bi-racial family 国你家庭close-knit family家庭关系紧密，观念强,常联系的家庭dysfunctional family家庭功能不健全，问题多多家庭好家长的特点fashion sense/ fashionable/ trendy 时尚生活方式新Hands-off 放手Trusting信任孩子Reserved有所保帘Role model行为榜样，模范A good communicator 善于沟通sense of humor 幽默感contribution 贡献selflessness 无私make a difference促成变化，促成改变scope of knowledge 知识面spread knowledge 传播知识lasting artistic works永恒的艺术作品abstruse深奥的break with old customs 抛弃传统carry down from generation to generation 代代相传advocate the new lifestyle侣导新的生活方式entertainment 娱乐be different from …与…不同direct experience 肓接经验echo共识satiate people' s psychological demands 满足心理需求attach more importance to …更重视… spiritual enhancement 精神升华a mirror of…是…的一血镜了determinant决定性因索eclipse使…相形见细contribute to …冇助于…a sense of cool and satisfaction 一种愜意的感觉pastimes消遣方式nurture imagination 培养想象力meditation 沉思an essence of immortality 永恒的楮髓instructive有启发性的edification 熏陶arouse onc? s curiosity about something 引发某人对某事的好奇心enrich one, s knowledge 丰富某人知识value of knowledge 知识的价值cultural differences 文化差异性time is fleeting and art is long 时光飞逝，艺术永lUadapt oneself to the development of 使自己适应…的发展scope of knowledge 知识面narrow the gap between 缩小了…的鸿沟lighten the burden of 减轻了…的负担comprehensive knowledge 丿'•博的知识distance education 远程教育enrich the teaching method 丰富教育手段be attractive to somebody 对…具有吸引力eye-catching极好的、极快的eye-dazzling极好的、极快的fascinating 极好的叩pealing极好的multimedia teaching 多媒体教学solid professional working experience 扎实的职业匚作经验vocational education 职业教育down-to-earth切合实际的stress-related illness与压力冇关的疾病enjoy equal rights亨有平等权利receive education 接受教育thought-provoking 引人深思的enlightening予以人启迪的far-reaching 深远的never-ending永不停息的perplexing令人困惑的overwhelming 压倒一切的the cultural diversity 文化的多元性insightful富有洞察力的，有深刻见解的exchange experience 交流经验undertake the due obligations 承担责任offer a chance of education 提供一种教育机会give a big push to the development of education 给予教育极大的推动vocational guidance 职业指导vocational training 职业训练face possible pressure and competition 迎接可能的压力和竟争Be easily taken in by 容易受到某人或某事的欺骗exam-oriented education 应试教育knowledge-intensive 知识密集型的education for all-round development 全面发展教育have quick and easy access to something 更快地接触到…东西Develop Our Creative Mind培养我们创造性思维Fake Diplomas 假文凭Embracing the Knowledge Economy Age 拥抱知识经济时代Renew Knowledge 革新知识People-oriented以人为木的compulsory education 义务教育keep skills fresh and up-to-date 使得技能E 以与时俱进widen one' s knowledge 拓展知识血enrich one' s social and life experience 丰富了社会和牛活阅历enlarge one" s view 拓展知识面broaden one" s horizons 拓展知识面realize the value of life 实现牛.命价值grasp good communication skills 掌握良好的交流技能remove misunderstanding and discrimination 消除谋解和歧视improve cultural integration and globalization 促进了文化的融合和文化全球化cultivate a strong sense of responsibility 培养了强烈的责任感promote social skills and competence 提高了社会能力和竞争力make contribution to society 对社会做出贡献quality Education 素质教育cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流rote learning死记硬背concentrate one，s attention on 关注• • • student-oriented education 以学生为主体的教育bias of culture 文化偏见cradle of culture 文化摇篮mainstream culture 主流文化system of education 教育体制tap ones potential挖掘某人的潜能go astray课入歧途commit crimes 犯罪Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire 教育不是注满木桶水，Hlj是点燃生命的火ambiguity歧义denotation字面意思connotation暗含意思impractical不切实际的intellectual development 智力发展interaction 交流thinking capacity 思考能力universal language世界语linguistic studies 语言学研究 a means of communication —利〔交流工具mechanical translation 机械翻译untranslatable不宜翻译的develop linguistic skills 培养语言技能verbal communication 口头交流grammatical rules 语法规则context 语境core核心translation 笔译interpretation 口译a complex progress 一个复朵过程cream精华cultivate logical thinking 培养逻辑思维obscure晦涩的readability 朗朗上口an unrealistic dream 一个不切实际的梦想comprehensive knowledge 全面的知识communicate with others directly, and freely 与他人宜接I I 由交流face-to-face communication 面对面交流stimulate one' s interest 激发了…的兴趣artificial intelligence 人工智能help children learn a foreign language in a more vivid and interactive way 帮助孩子更牛动，互动地学习一门外语miraculous令人惊叹的increase efficiency 提高效率easy accessibility 易于操作make astounding advances 突E猛进enrich the teaching and learning methods 丰富了教学手段expertise专业知识flourishing繁荣兴旺的speedy communication 快速的交流read between the lines读懂暗含的意思language acquisition 语言习得term术语implication 含义be fully aware of…充分意识到… optimistic 乐观的pessimistic 悲观的drawback 弊端precious gift宝贵的礼物linguist 语言学家mission impossible不可能的任务社会person of the year 风云人物world-renown |H：界闻名prestigious声明远播的notorious臭名昭著的（国外娱乐业尤其是面对年轻人的，越坏越流行）charity organization 慈善机构philanthropy慈善事业trend-setting带动潮流的high media exposure 媒体曝光率lead a glamorous life充满魅力的生活positive influence on young people 对年轻人有正而影响privilege享受特权award show/ fashion show颁奖典礼/吋装发布会personality highlight 人格亮点talent才华prodigy 神童求职与就业routine规律重复的career事业profession/ occupation 业individual success 个人成功work overtime 力U 班laid off 下岗contribute to/ make contribute to 贡献balance between 平衡preoccupied with 忙于promotions 升职under stress承受压力job hopping 跳槽intense competition 强烈竟争be replaced 被淘汰benefits 福利head hunter 猎头human resource 人力资源meaning in life生命的意义self-worth 自我价值being in a team 在团队中learn from your boss 跟老板学习become fast friend with your colleagues 和同事交朋友contribute to social progress and stability 为社会进步和稳定做贡献become an able, worthy and useful person 成为有能力，有价值，有用Z人a bread-winning process 赚钱过程mental satisfaction 精神满足感be born出生start school 入学immigrate 移民graduate 毕业learn to drive学习开车join the army 参军get a job 就业become a citizen 成为公民rent an apartment 租公寓go to college 上大学fall in love 恋爱get married 结婚have a baby 生孩了travel旅游buy a house买房子move搬家have a grandchild获得孙子/孙女die死亡milestone里程碑turning point 转折点memorable印象深刻an eye-opening experience/ an eye opener 打开眼界的事情take••- seriously 认真做…put all my effort in …全力以赴T•…impressed印象深刻inspired受激励realize the importance of…意识到… 的重要性jump up for job快乐的跳起来have the time of my life 玩的非常快乐shocked 惊呆了in a daze 呆celebrate 庆祝birth certificate 出生证diploma 文凭degree学位resident alien card 居留卡driver? s license 驾照social security card 社会保险卡certificate of naturalization 入籍证明marriage license 结婚证passport and visa 护照/签证recall冋忆deep impression 印象深刻effect on me对我的影响think it over反复思考stay in my mind留在我的心里工作：Full-time, part-time, white-collar, bluc-collar, semi-skilled, sclf-cmploycd, freelancer,收入：in come, ear nings, wages, salary,职业好:enjoyable, pleasant, fascinating 令人着迷的Steady稳定的provide many opportunities for…提供各种。
