山东省菏泽市单县第五中学2020-2021学年高二上学期开学考试试题英语

高二英语试题（A）2021. 11本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

第Ⅰ卷1至8页，第Ⅱ卷9至10页。

满分为150分。

考试用时为120分钟。

第Ⅰ卷（共100分）留意事项：1. 答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目涂写在答题卡上。

2. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦洁净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试卷上。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）该部分分为第一、其次两节。

留意：回答听力部分时，请先将答案标在试卷上。

听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到客观答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What’s the time now?A. 10:20B. 10:05C. 10:352. Wh at’s the relationship between the two speakers?A. Customer and assistant.B. Director and secretaryC. Good friends.3. What did the woman suggest?A. She suggested that the man should study harder.B. She suggested that the man should relax more.C. She suggested that the man should not meet more people.4. What does the woman mean?A. It’s hot in the mountains.B. She doesn’t want to go anywhere this summer.C. She wants to go to the mountains.5. What most probably are they talking about?A. Their home in the future.B. Making a visionphone.C. Making a phone call.其次节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

2020-2021学年高二上学期开学考试英语试题（时间：120分钟总分：150分）第一部分阅读理解：总计40分第一节（包括4个阅读理解，共15个小题，每小题2分，共计30分）AAirport ExpressWith the Airport Express, you are never far from town. There is a train every 10 minutes, ready to rush you between the airport and Hong Kong Station in the heart of the shopping and commercial district in about 24 minutes. Or travel to the AsiaWorld-Expo in just 1 minute from the airport.Airport Express service hoursMon.-Fri.: 5:50am to 1:15amSat.-Sun.: 5:00am to 2:00amTicketsThere are three types of ticket for travelling to and from the Airport: Single Journey, Round Trip and Same Day Return. Single Journey Ticket and Same Day Return Ticket are valid on day of issue. Round Trip Ticket is valid for 30 days from day of issue. You can also use the Octopus Card for the Airport Express. (The Octopus Card is an electronic store-value ticket and it can be used on most public transport. The fare will be deducted from the stored value each time, so you do not have to carry heavy coins. The card is valid for three years after value has been added.)Travel tips●Children under 3 travel for free.●Passengers travelling on the Airport Express are now able to write email and doonline searches with Wi-Fi service.For more information about Airport Express, please visit or call 00852-21818888.1. What is good about the Octopus Card?A. It saves money for its users.B. It is sold in every store.C. Its validity isunlimited. D. It avoids its users carrying coins.2. What can you know about Airport Express?A. Hong Kong Station is just 1 minute distance from the airport.B. Passengers can surf the Internet on the Airport Express.C. Children are free of charge for tickets.D. Single Journey Ticket is acceptable for 30 days.3. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To provide suggestions about the Airport Express.B. To promote the Octopus Card.C. To inform readers of the Airport Express service.D. To introduce the Airport Express schedule.BI was lucky enough to have a chance to study in the United States as an international student from Ukraine when I was fourteen years old. I went to a wonderful school, West Seattle High School, for my freshman year.I remember my first day at that school as if it were yesterday. I was very nervous, and I could feel my heartbeat on the tips of my toes. My main fear was that I would not be able to express myself due to the language barrier. I was trying to have as little communication as I possibly could. And I almost succeeded, until we had to introduce ourselves in front of the class.And the moment the word “international” flew out of my mouth, I was surrounded by thirty people who were asking questions one after another. I remember some of the questions were “Where is Ukraine? Is it a kingdom?” “Do you have McDonald’s? Does it taste the same?” and “Say something in your language”. It turned out to be the opposite of less communication, but it was so much fun.During the first three months, I certainly experienced a bit of cultural shock. I think Americans are the nicest people I have ever met in my entire life. They always smile and say, “Hi, how are you?”One day, I noticed the students looking at me suspiciously. Finally, my classmate came up to my locker and whispered, “Is that true that you are a princess and that you came to study here so that nobody would recognize you?" At one point, I even had an image of myself wearing a gown (长袍) and waving at the crowd. What? People do have a wild imagination!During my study abroad experience, I saw a totally new world, experienced great culture, met a lot of incredible people and improved my language. This trip inspired me to learn foreign languages. That is one of the reasons why I speak five different languages today.4. Why was the author afraid on the first day of school?A. Because she was eager to talk with others.B. Because she could not communicate with others well.C. Because she couldn’t learn a new language without a teacher’s help.D. Because she was not good at the subjects in this school.5. What happened when the word “international” flew out of the author’s mouth?A. .Her classmates tried to know less about the author’s hometown.B. Her classmates played a joke on her.C. Her classmates were eager to make friends with her.D. Her classmates showed interest in her country6. The underlined word “suspiciously” in the fifth paragraph means _______.A. surprisinglyB.doubtfully C. angrily D. thankfully7. What can we learn from the text?A. The author was a princess from Ukraine.B. The author couldn’t adapt to the school environment later.C. The author got lots of benefits through studying abroad.D. The author always told her classmates about her cultural background.CSometimes people call each other “scared-cat”. But have you ever thought about this expression? When a cat is frightened, its heart starts beating faster, its muscles get tense and there are changes in the chemicals i n its bloodstream. Although the cat doesn’t realize this, its body is getting ready for action. If the danger continues, the animal will do one of two things. It will protect itself, or it will run away as fast as it can.Something like this also happens to people. When we are excited, angry, scared by other feelings, our bodies go through many physical changes. Our hearts beat faster, and our muscles get tense. All of these changes make us more alert and ready to react. We, too, get ready to defend ourselves or run.Human beings, however, have a problem that animals never face. If we give way to our feelings and let them take over, we can get into trouble. Have you ever said something in anger or hit somebody and regretted it later? Have you ever shouted at a teacher, told somebody you were lonely, or said you were in love, and then wished later you had kept your mouth shut? It isn’t always clever to express your feelings freely.Does this mean that it’s smarter always to hide our feelings? No! If you keep f eelings of anger, sadness hidden away or bottled up inside, your body stays tense. Physical illness can develop, and you can feel disturbed badly inside. It can actually be bad for your health. It isn’t good to keep pleasant feelings inside either; all fee lings need to be expressed.Feelings that you keep all bottled up inside don’t just go away. It’s as if you bought some bananas and put them in a cupboard. You might not be able to see them. but before long you’d smell them. And if you opened the cupboard,chances are that you’d see little fruit flies flying all over them. They are bad.You can try to treat feelings as if they were bananas in the cupboard. You can hide them and you can pretend they don’t exist, but they’ll still be around. And at last you’l l have to deal with them, just like those bananas.8. When people and animals are aroused by fear, _______.A. they feel very regretful immediatelyB. They may get ready to attack or run awayC. Their hearts beat either faster or slowerD.Their muscles get neither tense nor relaxed9. Why do human beings get into trouble according to the passage?A. They are usually not as alert as animals.B. They sometimes can’t control their feelings.C. They always do something wrong to other people.D. They don’t pay attention to their physical changes.10. What can we infer from the passage?A. Holding in your feelings may lead to unpleasant results.B. Bananas stay fresh longer when they are in a cupboard.C. Feeling will gradually disappear when you hold them in.D. It’s good for your health to keep pleasant feelings inside.11. What’s the purpose of this passage?A. To help us deal with feelings in a wise and proper wayB. To give us some advice on how to express our feelings.C. To tell us that people’s feelings ar e like bananas in a cupboard.D. To prove that it isn’t always wise to express our feelings freely.DCompanies that have invested heavily in big data want to know how to make smart investments that will distinguish them from the competition and enable the best possible return before making the decision to go all in. In the past, not all enterprises’ big dataplans went as planned. These failures are not usually published, but the big data failure rate is unusually high.According to Gartner, only 15% of businesses make it past the experimental stage of these projects. Our fear, as leaders of technology companies, is that with so much attention surrounding AI, the pressure is on for us to apply the technology without first setting clear business goals and understanding the differences between AI and ML (machine learning) and how they should be applied, thus risking falling behind the many decision-makers who are adopting the technology.It’s easy to get caught up in the great expectations of artificial intel ligence as it’s promoted, including breakthroughs like deep learning, but those who want to make an outsized influence should instead focus on good old-fashioned machine learning —or “cheap learning”.The distinction is simple: Cheap learning is about using basic machine learning techniques on straightforward data sets in different parts of a company to produce a large number of small, gradual improvements. Deep learning, on the other hand, is a specific part of machine learning. Deep learning is a collection of advanced machine learning approaches that make business decisions based on highly complex data sets possible.For tasks of analyzing raw data, such as images and voice recordings, deep learning is best. But when it comes to working on simplified, st ructured types of data, we’ve found cheap machine learning will do the trick. When you consider that the majority of data flowing through enterprises fall into this second category, it’s clear which tool makes the most sense.12. What do we know about investment in big data from the first paragraph?A. It’s risky.B. It’s safe.C. It’s secret.D. It’s fruitful.13. Which of the following adds to the pressure on the leading technology companies?A. Understanding AI and ML.B. Wasting too much time on AI.C. Falling behind other companies.D. Acting with unclear business goals.14. What should companies with ambitions concentrate on?A. A strong influence.B. Big breakthroughs.C. Cheap learning.D. Deep learning.15. What is the main idea of the passage?panies should invest in big data.B. Knowing the difference bewteen AI and ML matters.C.Deeping learning or cheap learning depends on the nature of tasks.D. Deep learning is always better than cheap learning.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

按秘密级事项管理★启用前2020—2021 学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷（新高考）（山东版）笔试注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。

2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

AFor Stevens Point locals in the US, the city is flooded with delicious fried fish. Here are four top choices for the community to have a try.Hilltop Pub&GrillHilltop Pub&Grill first opened in the 1980s and took the Stevens Point community by storm with its delicious food and unique decoration style. Its fried fish are beloved due to the use of “hi gh-quality North Atlantic cod, with a light beer batter (面糊)”.The Final Score Bar&GrillThe Final Score Bar&Grill aimed to become a local hot spot in 2001 when Jim Billings, the owner, took charge of the business. Billings feels that their five batter flavors set them apart from their neighboring bars. Besides, various wines are available.Point After Pub&GrillPoint After Pub&Grill started serving delicious food and cold beers in a welcoming environment in 2009. But its history runs much longer. “Before it was Point After Pub&Grill, it had been Northside Bar for 30 plus years,”explained Molski, the owner. Molski feels that the pub’s four special batter choices and other fish specials are what help make it an area landmark.Two Harps PubThis Irish pub opened its doors to the public in 2017 and has been drawing fans and locals ever since. “I had done my career for a long time and was kind of bored with it,” said Nick Moore, the owner. “And this opportunity fell into my lap, so I went with it. It really made sense to open up an Irish bar.” The grow ing pub advises guests to try a cold beer with their Friday fried fish.1. What makes Hilltop Pub&Grill popular with customers?A. The convenient location.B. The special food.C. The high-quality service.D. The unique wine.2. What do The Final Score Bar&Grill and Point After Pub&Grill have in common?A. They are both run by the same company.B. They are both famous for great wines.C. They both feature some particular batter.D. They were both founded ten years ago.3. What is special about Two Harps Pub?A. It is the newest among the four pubs.B. It offers free cold beers to customers.C. It only provides fried fish on Fridays.D. It has a unique decoration style.BEver since I graduated from high school I’ve worked in the factories surrounding my hometown every summer. However, making the transformation between school and full-time blue-collar work during the break never gets any easier. For a student like me who considers anyclass before noon to be unacceptable, getting to a factory by 6 o’clock each morning is suffering. My friends never seem to understand why I’m so relieved to be back at school or that my summer vacation has been anything but a vacation.There are few people as self-confident as a college student who has never been out in the real world. People of my age always seem to overestimate the value of their time and knowledge. In fact, all the classes did not prepare me for my battles with the machine I ran in the plant, which would jam whenever I absent-mindedly put in a part backward or upside down.The most stressful thing about blue-collar life is knowing your job could disappear over night. Issues like being laid off and overseas relocation had always seemed distant to me until my co-workers told me that the unit I was working in would shut down within six months and move to Mexico, where people would work for 60 cents an hour.After working 12-hour shifts (轮班) in a factory, the other options have become only too clear. “This job pays well, but it’s hell on the body,” said one co-worker. “Study hard and keep reading.”she added. When I’m back at the university, skipping classes and turning in lazy re-writes seems too irresponsible after seeing what I would be doing without school. All the advice and public-service announcements about the value of an education that used to sound stale (陈腐的) now ring true.My experiences in the factories have inspired me to make the most of my college years beforeI enter the real world for good.4. What does the author think of his summer holidayA. It was no holiday for him at all.B. It brought him nothing but suffering.C. It was a relief from his hard work at school.D. It offered him a chance to make more friends.5. What can we infer about most college studentsA. They do better in the real world.B. They are confident when they work.C. They think too highly of themselves.D. They are expert at handling machines.6. What is the biggest pressure for blue-collar workers?A. A low incomeB. The lack of securityC. An unstable locationD. Less break7. How did the working experiences change the authorA. He became responsible for his work.B. He learned to be more practical at work.C. He began to respect blue-collar workers.D. He came to appreciate his college education.CUS author Henry Rollins once wrote: “Loneliness adds beauty to life. It puts a special burn on sunsets and makes night air smell better.” Indeed, in the eyes of artists, loneliness never seems to go out of style. There are paintings that portray loneliness, songs that are inspired by loneliness, and many works of literature that center around this theme.In the eyes of UK economist Rachel Reeves, however, loneliness is far from romantic. Instead, it’s a “giant evil” that’s become a serious problem in the country.So just how serious is it? On Jan 17, UK Prime Minister Theresa May appointed politician Tracey Crouch as the countr y’s very first “Minister for Loneliness”. Her job is to tackle (处理) the loneliness that the country’s been feeling—a problem which, according to UK government research, is affecting more than 9 million people in the country, and is more harmful to one’s ph ysical and mental health than smoking 15 cigarettes a day.And the problem hasn’t just appeared recently. Back in 2014, the UK was given the title of the “loneliness capital of Europe” by The Telegraph. A survey carried out by the newspaper found that British people were less likely to get to know their neighbors or build strong relationships with people than those from other European countries.“There is something about British wanting to deal with problems themselves,” Christian Guy, director of the Centre for Social Justice think-tank (智囊团), told The Telegraph.But this doesn’t mean that the problem only affects Britons. In fact, we’re all suffering from loneliness now more than ever, in spite of most of the world now having access to the Internet, which has enabled us to be more connected than ever.What we need, according to Kim Leadbetter, sister of the late UK politician Jo Cox, is to have “proper human connections”. “Our lives nowadays are so busy. We spend the vast majority of our time on our phones, on our laptops. We need to press pause on that and actually sit down and speak to human beings,” Leadbetter said at an event last year.But the first steps toward fighting this problem are to accept its existence and not be ashamed or intimidated (吓倒) by it. After all, without loneliness, many beautiful paintings, songs, and literary works wouldn’t even exist. And “evil” or not, being lonely is simply part of the experience of being human.8. What can we learn about the UK’s loneliness problem?A. The UK became the loneliest country in the world in 2014.B. More than half of British people suffer from loneliness.C. The government is working to solve the problem.D. British people communicate less with their neighbors than ever.9. According to the text, social loneliness _______.A. has become a problem worldwideB. didn’t attract the public’s attention until recentlyC. is mainly caused by the wide use of the InternetD. does more harm mentally than physically10. What does Leadbetter suggest doing to cope with loneliness?A. Making more phone calls to our friends.B. Stopping the use of electronic products.C. Interacting with the people around us face to face more often.D. Accepting its existence calmly.11. Which of the following would the author probably agree with?A. Loneliness is a giant evil of society.B. Only artists can appreciate the beauty of loneliness.C. It is hard to find a solution to social loneliness.D. Loneliness is just a normal part of our life.DWhen we look at a lovely baby, a puppy or a really cute kitten many of us want to squeeze it. Why is that?According to a study published in the journal Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, it’s a typical experience of “cute aggression”. The experience results from the fight between the brain’s “emotion system”, which impels (驱使) people to squeeze cute things, and its “reward system” which deals with feelings of “wanting”.In the study, 54 participants between the ages of 18 and 40 were presented with four groups of photos. Two of the groups of photos were of cute human babies and animals and the other two were of less adorable adult humans and animals. As the participants looked at the photos, there searchers watched their brain activities.According to the researchers, the participants reward systems were found to be active as they looked at the cute babies, and they seemed to be overwhelmed (征服的). By contrast, the reward systems of the people looking at the less cute adults were found to be inactive, and they seemed to be less impelled by their reward systems.This suggests that cute things activate their emotion systems in such a way that people are overwhelmed by the experience of cuteness. But reward systems work against these emotions by creating the desire to protect cute things.As Katherine Stavropoulos, the lead researcher of this study at the University of California in the US told Science Alert, “The cute aggression is the brain’s way of ‘bringing us back down’ by balancing our feelings of being overwhelmed.”Stavropoulos compared this process of balancing to an evolutionary adaptation. Such an adaptation may have taken place to ensure that people are able to continue taking care of creaturesthey consider particularly cute.So, although cute babies and adorable animals may look completely helpless, their vulnerable (易受伤害的) appearance may in fact help them to survive.12. According to the text, “cute aggression” refers to .A. the emotion of wanting to protect cute thingsB. the task of emotion system and reward systemC. the adaptation of consistently taking care of cute creaturesD. the behavior of squeezing a cute baby or animal when seeing it13. In nature, “cute aggression” is caused by .A. the need of the brain to balance all feelingsB. the photos of cute human babies and animalsC. the vulnerable appearance of babies or animalsD. the conflict between emotion system and reward system14. Which of the following statements about the study is TRUE?A. Facial expressions of the participants were observed.B. Katherine Stavropoulos conducted this study on her own.C. Cute babies and animals affected brain activities of all the participants.D. The participants were divided into two groups in order to make comparison.15. What is the author’s purpose in writing this text?A. To persuade readers to protect cute animals.B. To stress the significance of cute aggression.C. To present research findings on cute aggression.D. To share an interesting phenomenon with readers.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020-2021学年高二英语上学期开学考试试题第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

David Beckham was born in 1975 in London, at a place called Leytonstone. When he was a young boy, his greatest passion was in football. He played it whenever he had the chance. Sometimes he would go and watch a game with his friends. When David Beckham was 12 years old, he won the Bobby Charlton Soccer Skills award. This was an important step forward for this young boy, and it led him to go for a visit to a football training camp in Spain. As a boy he played for schools of Essex and also for his county team.In 1991, he became a trainee with Manchester United. This meant that he could practice football as much as he wanted to and play for the highly successful Manchester United Youth Cup team and Under-21 team. In April, 1995 he played his first football league game against Leeds Untied. During 1995 and 1996, David became a regular member of the team and Manchester United won in both football seasons, with David scoring many goals.His goals made him a household name. In the first game of the 1996-1997 season, he scored a surprising goal from beyond the halfway line; seeing the goalkeeper a little way out of his goal, Beckham became famous overnight. He continued to score astonishing goals, especially from free-kicks. The speed of one of his shots was timed at 157 kph. He also had the ability to make the ball go from left to right, or right to left, whenever he chose. Goalkeepers were never sure where the ball was going, and it regularly ended up in the goal.21.Which word can take the place of the underlined word “passion” in Paragraph 1?A. successB. interestC. prizeD. skill22.The unusually surprising way that he scored goals .A. helped him to gain many prizes for EssexB. kept him playing for Leeds UnitedC. offered him the chance to join the national teamD. made him popular and famous23.Which of the following shows the right order of what Beckham experienced?a. Beckham played his first football league gameb. Beckham won the Bobby Charlton Soccer Skills awardc. Beckham played for Manchester United Youth Cup teamd. Beckham went to Spain to join a football training campe. Beckham played for the schools of EssexA. e, d, a, c, bB. b, e, d, a, cC. e, b, a, d,c D. b, d, e, c, a24.The passage mainly talks about .A. how Beckham became a successful football playerB. what abilities Beckham had to score so many goalsC. when Beckham became famous all over BritainD. why Beckham could win in football league gamesBIf you ever visit an English village, make sure to look out for morris dancing. Undoubtedly one of the strangest traditions of English culture, morris dancing is a form of folk dancing that dates back to the 15th century. If you ever get the opportunely, you really have to see it.Men and women wearing old-fashioned, shabby clothing dance in the streets of towns and villages across the country during the holiday periods. Women wear long, frilly(有褶皱边的) skirts and men wear short trousers with bells attached to them. They dance to traditional folk music which is often played on traditional musical instruments.Some groups carry heavy black sticks which they beat against each other while they dance. Other groups wave handkerchiefs in the air while they perform. The dances are usually performed near a pub so that when it’s over, the dancers and audience can sing some traditional folk songs over a pint of beer. The celebrations will often continue long into the night, by which point most people are too drunk to think about performing again.Morris dancing is a great English tradition but it’s facing a big crisis. Asthe years go by, fewer and fewer young people are joining morris dancing groups. The dancers are getting older and older and eventually, if nothing is done to change this trends, the tradition will die out within the next few decades.If you’ve ever had the fortune to see morris dancing, you may understand why teenagers aren’t rushing to sign up. Putting it to the point, it’s not exactly the coolest thing for an 18-year-old to be doing. Why dress up in bells and funny costumes when you could be going clubbing? Or playing sport? Or doing anything else?However, it would be a great shame to lose such a fun and lively part of England’s history and culture. It’s important to look after some traditions and customs especially when it’s something as harmless and happy as morris dancing. So here’s a toast to the next generation of would-be morris dancers! Let’s hope they don’t leave it too late.25.What is the passage mainly about?A. The origins of morris dancingB. The popularity of morris dancingC. The protection of morris dancingD. The introduction of morris dancing26.What to we know about morris dancers?A. They dance in pubs late into the nightB. They sing folk music while they danceC. They wear long dresses with bells attachedD. They perform with sticks or handkerchiefs27.What is the present situation of morris dancing?A. It is losing appeal among young peopleB. It is keeping pace with people’s demandC. It is witnessing great changes in historyD. It is being criticized by modern people28.What does the author think about morris dancing?A. It help stay healthyB. It is fun for teenagersC. It deserves mole attentionD. It is too old-fashionedCDogs Don’t Tell Jokes-By Louis SacharTwelve-year-old Gary Booneknows he was born to be aedian. He never stops joking, regardless of the fact that nobody laughs much and his classmates think he is stupid. Therefore he had no real friends at school. Due to being laughed at by his classmates, Gary Boone thought winning the school talent show would be his dream of proving himself to be a real edian, but on the big night his dream went wrong with funny results.Winners Never Quit-By Mia HammMia Hamm, American soccerchampion, tells atrue-to-life inspiring story of learning that winning and losing aren't as important as being part of a team. More than anyone, soccer superstar Mia Hamm knows the value of teamwork. She shares this lesson, paired with energetic pictures by Carol Thompson, and this story is perfect for soccer kids and their soccer moms.Shackleton’s IncredibleVoyage-By Alfred LansingThe astonishing adventure ofpolar explorer Ernest Shackleton's survival for over a year on the ice-bound Antarctic seas, as Time t magazine put it, "defined heroism". To write the authoritative story, Lansing consulted with ten of the surviving members and gained access to diaries and personal accounts by eight others. The book has a first-hand account, expanded with maps and illustrations especially for this edition.The Alchemist-By Paulo CoelhoThe Alchemist, by PauloCoelho, continues to changethe lives of its readers forever. It tells the magical story of Santiago, an Andulusian shepherd-boy(牧童) who desires to travel in search of treasure. The story of the treasures Santiago finds along the way teaches us about the essential wisdom of listening to our hearts and above all, following our dreams.29.From Shackleton’s Incredible Voyage, we know the main character .A. is a writer for Time magazineB. is a survival of one polar explorationC. has left a lot of diaries and accountsD. has formed a close friendship with Alfred Lansing30.If you want to know more about teamwork, you can read .A. Dogs Don't Tell JokesB. Shackleton’sIncredible VoyageC. Winners Never QuitD. The Alchemist31.What do we know about The Alchemist?A. It has an everlasting influence on its readersB. It gives people magical power over their dreamsC. It tells a story of how to find treasuresD. It is mainly about the wisdom of listening to othersDOur library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment.ZonesThe library is divided into different zones. The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own puter. The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs. The ground floor is the zone where you can talk. Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work.putersYou can use your own puter to connect to the wi-fi specially prepared for notebook puters; your can also use library puters, which contain the most monly used applications, such as Microsoft Office. They are situated in the area known as the Experimental Field on the ground floor.Group-study placesIf you want to discuss freely without disturbing others, you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor. Some study rooms are for 2-3 people and others can hold up to 6-8 people. All rooms are marked on the library maps.There are 40 group-study rooms that must be booked via the website. To book, you need an active University account and a valid University card. You can use a room three hours per day, nine hours at most per week.Storage of Study MaterialThe library has lockers for students to store course literature. When you have obtained at least 40 credits(学分), you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year’s rental period.Rules to be FollowedMobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library. Keep yourphone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls.Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.32.The library’s upper floor is mainly for students to .A. read in a quiet placeB. have group discussionsC. take fortable seatsD. get their puters fixed33.Library puters on the ground floor .A. help students with their field experimentsB. contain software necessary for schoolworkC. are for those who want to access the wi-fiD. are mostly used for filling out application forms34.What condition should be met to book a group-study room?A. A group must consist of 8 peopleB. Three-hour use per day is the minimumC. One should first register at the universityD. Applicants must mark the room on the map35.A student can rent a locker in the library if he .A. can afford the rental feeB. attends certain coursesC. has nowhere to put his booksD. has earned the required credits第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020-2021学年高二英语上学期开学考试试题 (III)第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）请听下面5段对话，选出最佳选项。

1. What are the speakers talking about?A. A photo.B. A camera.C. A drawing.2. What is the woman probably doing?A. Buying fruits.B. Cleaning her house.C. Looking for a shop.3. What does the man plan to do during the summer holiday?A. Save some money.B. Finish his work.C. Go on a trip.4. What sport does the man like best?A. Swimming. B Skating. C Tennis.5. Why can’t the woman go t o the party?A. She is sick.B. She is tired.C. She is busy.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）请听下面5段对话或独白，选出最佳选项。

请听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. Who are in the photo?A. The woman’s friends.B. The woman's colleagues.C. The woman's family.7. What does John do?A. A teacher.B. A doctor.C. A student.请听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8. What does the woman think of her last job?A. Boring.B. Low-paid.C. Difficult.9. What does the woman like best about her new job?A. Money. B Training. C Travel time.请听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

河南省顶级名校2020-2021学年高二上学期开学测试英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读选择Forget Cyclists, Pedestrians are Real DangerWe are having a debate about this topic. Here are some letters from our readers.Yes, many cyclists behave dangerously. Many drivers are disrespectful of cyclists But pedestrians are probably the worse offenders.People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them. They may even do the same thing while crossing a road at a pedestrian crossing or elsewhere. The rest of us have to evade (避让) them or just stand still to wait for the unavoidable collision.The real problem is that some pedestrians seem to be, at least for the moment, in worlds of their own that are, to them, much more important than the welfare of others.——Michael HoranI loved the letter from Bob Brooks about cyclists (Viewpoints, May 29). I am afraid they seem to think they own the roads.I was walking across Altrincharn Road one morning when a cyclist went round me and on being asked what he was doing he shouted at me.The government built a cycle lane on the road but it is hardly used.The police do nothing. What a laugh they are!The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets, fluorescent (发荧光的)jacket and tights at night and in the morning. They should pay some sort of tax and be fined for not wearing them.——Carol HarveyCyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians), ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red.I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him.Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists?It’s about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be traced and there might be an opportunity to claim.——JMLWrite to Viewpoints of the newspaper.1．Michael Horan wrote the letter mainly to show that ________.A．drivers should be polite to cyclistsB．road accidents can actually be avoidedC．some pedestrians are a threat to road safetyD．walking while using phones hum one’s eyes2．Carol Harvey suggests that cyclists should ________.A．be provided with enough roadsB．be asked to ride on their own lanesC．be made to pay less tax for cyclingD．be fined for laughing at policemen3．The underline word “they” in the third letter refers to ________.A．accidents B．vehiclesC．pedestrians D．cyclists4．The three letters present viewpoints on ________.A．real sources of road dangerB．ways to improve road facilitiesC．measures to punish road offencesD．increased awareness of road rulesWhen the dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her life, she did what comes naturally. The four-year-old dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields and, being a city animal, lost both her sheep and her sense of direction. Then she ran along the edge of cliff( 悬崖) and fell 100 feet, bouncing off a rock into the sea.Her owner Mike Holden panicked and celled the coastguard of Cornwall, who turned up in seconds . Six volunteers slid down the cliff with the help of a rope but gave up all hope of finding her alive after a 90-minute search.Three days later, a hurricane hit the coast near Cornwall. Mr. Holden returned home from hisholiday upset and convinced his pet was dead. He comforted himself with the thought she had died in the most beautiful part of the country.For the next two weeks, the Holdens were heartbroken . Then, one day, the phone rang and Steve Tregear, the coastguard of Cornwall, asked Holder if he would like his dog bark.A birdwatcher, armed with a telescope, found the pet sitting desperately on a rock. While he sounded the alarm, a student from Leeds climbed down the cliff to collect Judy.The dog had initially been knocked unconscious(失去知觉的)but had survived by drinking water from a fresh scream at the base of the cliff. She may have fed on the body of a sheep which had also fallen over the edge. “The dog was very thin and hungry,” Steve Tregear said , “It was a very lucky dog. She survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water,” he added. It was ,as Mr. Holden admitted, “a minor miracle(奇迹)”.5．The dog Jody fell down the cliff when she was____.A．rescuing her owner B．caught in a hurricaneC．blocked by a rock D．running after a sheep6．Who spotted Judy after the accident?A．A birdwatcherB．A student from LeedsC．Six volunteersD．The coastguard of Cornwall7．What can we infer from the text?A．People like to travel with their pets.B．Judy was taken to the fields for hunting.C．Luck plays a vital role in Judy's survival.D．Holden cared little where Judy was buried.8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．Miracle of the Coastguard.B．Surviving a Hurricane.C．Dangers in the WildD．Coming Back from the Dead.The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also showstubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.9．What does the author say about silence in conversations?A．It implies anger.B．It promotes friendship.C．It is culture-specific.D．It is content-based.10．Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A．The Chinese.B．The French.C．The Mexicans.D．The Russians.11．What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A．Let it continue as the patient pleases.B．Break it while treating patients.C．Evaluate its harm to patients.D．Make use of its healing effects.12．What may be the best title for the text?A．Sound and SilenceB．What It Means to Be SilentC．Silence to Native AmericansD．Speech Is Silver; Silence Is GoldLife in the Clear Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window.These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet—as far as most light can reach.Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch.Sonke Johnsen,a scientist inbiology,says,“These animals live through their life alone.They never touch anything unless they’re eating it,or unless something is eating them.”And they are as clear as glass.How does an animal become see-through?It’s trickier than you might think.The objects around you are visible because they interact with light.Light typically travels in a straight line.But some materials slow and scatter(散射)light,bouncing it away from its original path.Others absorb light,stopping itdeadin its tracks.Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it,so you can see it easily.But a transparent object doesn’t absorb or scatter light,at le ast not very much.Light can pass through it without bending or stopping.That means a transparent object doesn’t look very different from the surrounding air or water.You don’t see it—you see the things behind it.To become transparent,an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light.Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments(色素)that absorb specific colors of light.But a transparent animal doesn’t have pigments,so its tissues won’t absorb light.According to Johnsen,avoiding absorption is actually easy.The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.Animals are built of many different materials—skin,fat,and more—and light movesthrough each at a different speed.Every time light moves into a material with a new speed,it bends and scatters.Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering.Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat.Without much tissue to scatter light,it is easier to besee-through.Others build a large,clear mass of non-living jelly-like(果冻状的)material and spread themselves over it.Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge,because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does.They need to look uniform.But how th ey’re doing it is still unknown.One thing is clear for these larger animals,staying transparent is an active process.When they die,they turn a non-transparent milky white.13．According to Paragraph 1,transparent animals ____ .A．stay in groupsB．can be easily damagedC．appear only in deep oceanD．are beautiful creatures14．The underlined word“dead”in Paragraph 3 means ____.A．silentlyB．graduallyC．regularlyD．completely15．The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals____ .A．move more slowly in deep waterB．stay see-through even after deathC．produce more tissues for their survivalD．take effective action to reduce light spreading二、七选五Tips for Cooking on a Tight ScheduleFrom my experience, there are three main reasons why people don't cook more often：ability, money, and time. 16．Money is a topic I'll save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule：1. Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I'm already hungry and there's nothing ready to eat. So think ahead of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials already? 17．2. Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? 18．It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.3. 19．This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.Hopefully that gives you a good start. 20．And don't let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!A．Try new things.B．Ability is easily improved.C．Make three or four instead.D．Understand your food better.E.Cooking is a burden for many people.F.Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.G.A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.三、完形填空During the war, my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California.I went to live there in order to be 21 him. I hated the place. I had never 22 been so unhappy. My husband was ordered out on a long-term duty, and I was left in a tiny shack(棚屋) alone. The heat was 23 — almost 125°F even in the shade of a cactus(仙人掌). 24 a soul to talk to. The wind blew non-stop, and all the food I ate, and the very air I breathed, were 25 with sand, sand, sand!I was so sorry for myself that I wrote to my parents. I told them I was 26 and coming back home. I said I couldn’t stand it one minute longer. I 27 be in prison! My father answered my 28 with just two lines — two lines that will always sing in my 29 — two lines that completely changed my life:Two men looked out from prison bars,One saw the mud, the other saw the stars.I read those two lines 30 . I was ashamed of myself. I made up my mind I would find out what was good in my present 31 ; I would look for the stars.I made friends with the natives, and their 32 amazed me. They gave me presents of their favorite artworks which they had 33 to sell to tourists. I studied the delightful forms of the cactus. I watched for the desert sunsets, and 34 for seashells that had been left there millions of years ago when the sands of the desert had been an ocean 35 .What brought about this 36 change in me? The desert hadn’t changed, 37I had. I had changed my 38 . And by doing so, I changed an unhappy experience into the most amazing 39 of my life. I was excited by this new world that I had discovered. I had looked out of my self-created prison and 40 the stars.21．A．off B．behind C．near D．beyond 22．A．before B．already C．then D．still 23．A．inflexible B．incomprehensible C．uncontrollable D．unbearable 24．A．Only B．No C．Many D．Such 25．A．covered B．filled C．buried D．charged 26．A．catching up B．keeping up C．giving up D．getting up 27．A．ought to B．might well C．would rather D．had better 28．A．request B．call C．question D．letter 29．A．comparison B．imagination C．consideration D．memory 30．A．over and over B．by and by C．up and down D．now and then 31．A．company B．occupation C．situation D．relationship 32．A．movement B．reaction C．guidance D．purpose 33．A．refused B．failed C．managed D．happened 34．A．asked B．hunted C．waited D．headed 35．A．floor B．surface C．rock D．level 36．A．shocking B．challenging C．puzzling D．astonishing 37．A．as B．but C．for D．or 38．A．attitude B．principle C．identity D．standard 39．A．vacation B．operation C．affair D．adventure 40．A．sought B．counted C．found D．reached四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面的短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

按秘密级事项管理★启用前2020—2021 学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷（新高考）（山东版）笔试注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。

2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

AThe Vitality (活力) Big Half MarathonThe Vitality Big Half gets started and will see people deal with various challenges, ranging from a half marathon to a one-mile fun run. It first started last year and saw over 11,000 people take part, with the aim of inspiring more people to get active and take up running.When does the half marathon start?The Vitality Big Half will start from 9 am today by Tower Bridge, as well as The New Balance Big Relay. The 2.3-mile Little Half will start at 12:45 from Southwark Park, while The Vitality Big Mile will start at Greenwich Park from 12:30.What is the route?The Vitality Big Half will start at Tower Bridge and runners will then follow a 13.1-mile route that will take them past Shadwell and Limehouse, before circling around Canary Wharf. The marathon runners will then follow the River Thames back towards Wapping and then go over Tower Bridge and head towards Southwark Park. The route continues along the south side of the River Thames, circling around Rotherhithe before joining up The Little Half runners and travelling through Deptford towards the finish line at the Cutty Sark.How to watch the runners?You can go to various points along the route to watch the runners in person or you can also head straight to Greenwich Park which is right near the finish line at the Cutty Sark. It will also be possible to watch the half marathon at home by using the BBC Red Button on your TV or by watching online.1. Why is The Vitality Big Half held?A. To make the city livelier.B. To build up people’s health.C. To inspire people to compete.D. To encourage people to run.2. Which is the last place for runners to pass before the finish line?A. Wapping.B. Rotherhithe.C. Deptford.D. Greenwich Park.3. What can we know about The Vitality Big Half?A. It lasts about 3 hours.B. It can be watched online.C. It starts at 12:45 at Tower Bridge.D. It is held for the first time.BZhao Yishen bends over, his eyes staring at the woodblock (木刻印版). Holding a chisel (凿子) in his right hand, he guides it forward carefully and exactly across the woodblock using his left hand. To carve the woodblocks, the young craftsman has to hold this position for six hours. He has been carving woodblocks since 2012.“It feels good and looks beautiful when a Chinese character slowly appears on the woodblock under your chisel,”says Zhao. Zhao is now the only full-time carver working at the Zhuyu Shanfang studio, a workshop that focuses on creating woodblock-printed books in Beijing. Each carved woodblock has ink applied and goes on to print a text onto hundreds of pieces of paper. Zhao carves around 20 Chinese characters each day, which means it takes him one year or even a longer time to complete a set of woodblocks fit for a whole book.As a teenager he loved to read ancient Chinese books in the library, and the curiosity of how the books were made led him to get a job at the Guangling Guji ancient books woodblock printing studio in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, in 2011 after graduating as a law major from college.Block printing was listed as a UNESCO World Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2009. Zhao was introduced to one of the technique’s masters, Chen Yishi, in 2012 and started to learn the skill from him.In Zhao’s mind, the inked woodblock is a work of art. After a year of learning from Chen, Zhao found a job at Zhuyu Shanfang in 2013, where he upgraded his carving skills. With his progress, his carved woodblocks have been used for more and more books over the past years.“I have just learned the basic skills, but to master it, I still need years of practice,” says Zhao. “A good craftsman can carve an entire book with every single character lined evenly.”4. What can we know about Zhao Yishen’s work?A. It is a flexible part-time job.B. It involves the printing work.C. It needs much effort and time.D. It includes creating characters.5. What made Zhao Yishen become a carver?A. The family influence.B. His major in college.C. The difficulty of finding a proper job.D. His interest in ancient Chinese books.6. Which can best describe Zhao Yishen as a carver?A. Modest and hard-working.B. Talented and knowledgeable.C. Ambitious and clever.D. Creative and confident.7. What does the text mainly talk about?A. The popularity of woodblocks.B. A traditional block printing studio.C. A craftsman with a traditional skill.D. The development of woodblock-printed books.CIf you were a superhero, what would your super power be? Would you want to fly or be invisible? Or, perhaps, you’d rather have the power to read minds? Wouldn’t that be cool?Reading minds is not as far-fetched as you might think. In fact, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have developed a wearable device that can actually express a person’s thoughts and allow them to talk to a computer―without anyone else hearing.The device, called AlterEgo, allows a person to control a computer and ask it questions without ever saying one word. When a person wearing the device thinks of a word or a phrase but does not speak it, AlterEgo picks up the neuromuscular (神经肌肉的) signals in the person’s jaw and face. AlterEgo sends those signals to a computer, which is programmed to associate them with specific words.The device is fairly accurate. In a 10-person trial, AlterEgo had the 92 percent transcription (转录) accuracy. Researchers say that number will increase over time. “Our idea was: Could we have a computing platform that’s more internal, that combines humans and machines in some ways and that feels like an internal extension of our own thought?” Arnav Kapur, a graduate student at the MIT Media Lab said.So what effect could this have on communication? AlterEgo can change the way humans communicate with computers, allowing us to silently connect with AI assistants such as Amazon’s Alexa or Apple’s Siri without anyone knowing. If a person is having a conversation and wants to look up a bit of information, they don’t have to take out their computer or mobile phone; instead they can just think of the question. AlterEgo will answer without breaking in on the conversation. The device can also help people communicate with their voice in noisy situations, such as on a factory floor or on the deck of an aircraft carrier.8. Why are the questions raised in Paragraph 1?A. To ask readers for their opinions.B. To lead into the topic of the text.C. To inspire readers’ imagination.D. To show the author’s curiosity.9. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Questions.B. Computers.C. Signals.D. Devices.10. What’s the researchers’ attitude toward AlterEgo?A. Positive.B. Worried.C. Respectful.D. Unconcerned.11. What influence will AlterEgo have on people’s communication?A. People can apply AI assistants skillfully.B. People will become a good mind-reader.C. People no longer need mobile phones.D. People can communicate more smoothly.DSay “Sit” to your dog, and he’ll likely sit on the floor. But would he respond correctly if theword were spoken by a stranger, or someone with a thick accent? A new study shows he will, suggesting dogs understand spoken words in a clever and complicated way long thought unique to humans.Holly Root-Gutteridge, a biologist, and her colleagues ran a test. The researchers filmed 42 dogs of different breeds as they sat with their owners near an audio speaker that played noncommand words with similar sounds, such as “had”, “hid”,and “who’d”. The words were spoken—not by the dog’s owner—but by several strangers, men and women of different ages and with different accents.In the video above, the dog Max turns quickly and listens seriously when he hears a woman say “had” for the first time. But as other women with different accents repeat the word, he loses interest, indicating he knows they are all saying the same word. When a speaker says a new word, like “who’d”, Max cheers up again, but his attention flags when a new voice returns to saying “had”. Together, these reactions suggest dogs recognize words regardless of the speaker—and that they don’t need any training to do it, the team reports today in Biology Letters.“It’s wonderful—and novel—to see research looking at dogs’ reactions to words that are not commands or requests,” says Alexandra Horowitz, a researcher at Barnard College in New York City. Because of the nature of the test, however, the scientists cannot show that the dogs “understood” what the words meant, Horowitz points out. “But the work clearly demonstrates that dogs are listening to us,” she says, even when our speech is not about them.12. What can we learn from this study?A. Dogs can hear some simple words.B. Dogs can hear words like humans.C. Dogs cannot understand a stranger.D. Dogs know their owners’ meaning.13. What do the researchers do for the dogs in the study?A. Record their sounds.B. Record their reactions.C. Train their hearing ability.D. Train their learning ability.14. What is the third paragraph mainly about?A. The result of the study.B. A dog filmed in the study.C. An example of the research.D. Different reactions of the dogs.15. What is Horowitz’s attitude towards the study?A. Objective.B. Favorable.C. Opposed.D. Unclear.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021-2022学年高二上学期开学测试英语试题时间：90分钟满分：120分第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AJune 18 is the birthday of my late sister, Tanya. She would have been 49 years old this year, but that's increasingly difficult for me to imagine. She is frozen in time at 37.Tanya died more than a decade ago and the wound left by her loss has healed into a scar (疤痕).It's a big. scar. You can't know me for very long without discovering my scar. Trust me; if you haven't found it on your own, I will point it out to you. I want you all to know that she existed, and that she mattered.When we first lose a loved one, we ask, “How will I live without you?” and wounds are open and weeping. We don't know how we'll cope with the pain. But then the wounds form scars, and we learn to live with our new skins.“How can I remember you?” we ask.So many people are hesitant to talk about my sister. It is as though mentioning her will remind me that she is dead, and upset my balance when I am so stable and happy. But I never forget my sister, not for a moment.And so I love it when people mention Tanya's name. Occasionally, I come across one of her friends, and they casually bring up a memory, and it is like a gift.So if you have friends who have lost loved ones, please don't avoid talking about their loved one. You won't remind them of their loss, because it is always there. They haven't forgotten their scar. They just don't point it out to you.Instead, try to reassure (使安心) them their loved one is not forgotten. Ask questions about the deceased (逝去的）person's life. Keep them alive in the only way you can after a person is gone, with your words and your memories.I love hearing from friends on my sister's birthday, It makes her present, despite her absence. It reminds us all that she was here. She walked this earth. She was loved, and she mattered. And on June 18,I embrace (欣然接受) my scar.1.What does "it" in paragraph 2 refer to?A. The death of the author's sister.B. The author's sister's birthday.C. The “scar" in the author's heart.D. The author's love for her sister.2.How does the author feel when people mention her sister?A. She becomes upset about it.B. She worries that she must defend her sister.C. She doesn't know how to deal with it.D. She is happy to be reminded of her sister.3.What does the author advise us to do when talking to those who lost loved ones?A. Avoid talking about the person who died.B. Keep them company as long as you can.C. Help them to forget their painful scars.D. Talk with them about the person who died.BDesigned exclusively (专门地) for school, education, or community groups, these organized tours offer a great introduction to Stanford University. Group tours include：The Main Quad, Memorial Church, and White Plaza, so book ahead!ABOUT THE TOURDuration：1 hourCostThe charge for group tours varies depending on the size and type of group.ScheduleFor reservations, please follow the steps provided below in the section labeled Reservations.Forquestions, please contact：grouptour@, or call (555)-725-3335.Summer Schedule：Group tours during the summer session cater to (面向) Stanford-run programs and educational groups only. The Summer 2021 Group Tour schedule will be posted in the spring.Reservations（预约）All groups of nine or more people must reserve in advance. As a rule, we give first priority(优先）to academic groups-domestic or international-that are sponsored (赞助) by the school or institution itself. We also prioritize by dates the requests are sent in. We no longer book group tours through third parties (i.e.travel agencies, tour operators).To request a group tour, please email us at grouptour@ with the following information：Your name and contact information (email, office phone and cell phone number)·Name and description of your group·Total size of group (students and chaperones)·Nature of visit·Day-of-visit contact number for group·Preferred dates (from the current availability above)We no longer accept new reservations by phone. If you are coming to campus with a group of 8 or fewer, you may join one of our Campus Walking Tours - no reservation is required.Additional information：All tours are conducted in English, and visiting groups with non-English speaking participants must provide their own interpreter(s)(译员）.4. If a group of 30 high school students plan to tour around Stanford University, how much do they have to pay altogether?A.$40.00B.$55.00C.$75.00D.$95.005.Which time is available for groups wishing to visit Stanford University campus in May,2021?A. 10：30 am, Friday.B.1：00 pm, Tuesday.C.1：30 pm, Wednesday.D.3：30 pm, Saturday.6.How do people make an appointment for a group tour around Stanford?A. By writing an email.B. By making a call.C. By registering on the Stanford website.D. By booking it at travel agencies.7. What should you do when making a reservation?A. Tell what language your group needs.B. Submit photos of all group members.C. Choose a preferred date for the tour.D. Choose whether to join in Campus Walking Tours.CGlobal warming does more than just kill plant species - it also changes the way plants grow. Researchers at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg（MLU)joined forces with the Leibniz Institute for Plant Biochemistry (IPB) to discover the molecular (分子的) processes of plant growth. In Current Biology, a scientific journal, they presented their findings on high-temperature plant growth. This could lead to developing plants that can survive global warming.Plants react to even small temperature changes, but they are unable to move to new locations. “When temperatures rise, plants grow taller ... to cool themselves off. Their stalks (茎) become taller, and their leaves become narrower and grow farther apart. Yet, this makes the plant more unstable overall," explains Professor Marcel Quint, an agricultural scientist at MLU. Unstable plants bend faster in the rain and produce less food that's also less nutritious.There's still lots to learn about plant reactions to temperatures. “We are just starting to understand how plants detect(发现）the changes in temperature..."Quint says. Earlier studies have shown that the protein PIF4 directly controls plant growth and is also dependent on temperature. When it's cold, PIF4 is less active, meaning the plant doesn't grow. At higher temperatures PIF4 activates (激活) growth-promoting genes, and the plant grows taller. This is new information, says Quint.To understand it, they studied the growth of thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana,拟南芥seedlings. Normally, its seedlings form short stems (茎) at 20 C .These stems become much longer at 28 C. They discovered a hormone(荷尔蒙）that activates the PIF4 at high temperatures, thus producing the protein. The findings may help to breed (培育) plants that remain stable even at high temperatures and produce many crops.8. Why did the researchers at MLU and IPB conduct their research?A. To study the negative effects of global warming.B. To find out how plants help reduce global warming.C. To observe how global warming affects plant growth.D. To understand the ways that plants cause global warming.9.What can we learn from paragraph 2?A. Low temperatures have little impact on plants.B. Plants prefer dry weather to rainy weather.C. Plants are very sensitive to changes in soil.D. High temperatures reduce crop production.10.What do we know about PIF4?A. It mainly exists in thale cress seedlings.B. It works differently at different temperatures.C. It is a kind of gene that controls plant growth.D. It is a plant hormone that works at high temperatures.11.Who will probably benefit most from the findings?A. Farmers.B. Botanists.C. Researchers.D. Environmentalists.DUber has picked Melbourne as the first city outside of the United States to test its flying taxis.Test flights in the Australian city will begin next year with a goal of commercial ride-hailing (打车) services by 2023, it announced on Tuesday.＂We will see other Australian cities following soon after,” Susan Anderson, Uber's regional manager for Australia, said at the company's annual flying car conference in Washington DC.Melbourne will be the third city to host trials of Uber's flying taxis, after Dallas, Texas, and Los Angeles, California, the electric taxis will be flown by a pilot.Uber has partnered with NASA for its flying taxi program, named Elevate, and is one of several companies racing to make flying vehicles a reality. Other big names in the business include Rolls Royce and Boeing.Even as it works on developing autonomous, electric flying vehicles – which are still several years away - Uber is taking its service to the skies in other ways.The company will start a helicopter service on July 9, taking passengers from Manhattan to JFK Airport in eight minutes. It says customers who buy the roughly $200 ticket will save an hour of travel time during rush hour.But the rollout (首次展示）of that service is now clouded by safety concerns about increased air traffic in cities, following two accidents in New York City in recent weeks.A helicopter crashed onto the roof of a Manhattan building on June 10, killing the pilot. This deadly accident came weeks after a helicopter crash in the Hudson River. There were no deaths in that incident. “For us, it shows the need to make safety the absolute base of everything we do," said Eric Allison, Uber's head of Elevate.Safety will also be a concern in Australia, where Uber has nearly 4 million regular customers for its ride-hailing service.“We will continue to work with communities and governments to ensure that we create an urban aviation (飞行) ride-share network that is safe, quiet and green," Anderson said.12.What can we learn about the flying taxis from the text?A. Most flying taxis are self-driving.B. The flying taxi was first tried out in Melbourne.C. Flying taxis could be used in Australia in several years.D. The flying taxis turned out to be a failure in America.13.Why does the author mention Uber's helicopter service?A. To further introduce NASA's cooperation with Uber.B. To show the challenges facing the flying taxi service.C. To explain why Uber's technology stands out.D. To describe the development of Uber's flying services.14. What is the author's major concern about flying taxis?A. Safety.B. Management.C. Side effects.D. Affordability.15. What is the author's attitude toward the flying taxi?A. Objective.B. Skeptical.C. Disapproving.D. Optimistic.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。