上海高考 之选词填空(2)

专题14 选词填空【考情分析】随着高考改革在上海不断深化,英语卷的试题类型也做出了相应变化,取消了原有的语法词汇单选题,取而代之的是将对语法词汇的考核都以语篇填空的形式出现.这在很大程度上提高了对学生阅读能力的要求.针对这一题型的解题策略主要集中在如何提高词汇量,如何在语境中理解具体词语的功能,词义的内涵和外延以及使用者的意图和态度,同时因为这一题型仍然脱不开语篇的框架,所以解题策略的另一方面就是要关注阅读能力的提高.上海英语课程标准规定高三毕业生的课外阅读量是30万词，考生要夯实基础，方能走远，做到从量变到质变。

【题型特点】从文章的体裁来看，大部分选用了说明文，它的语言更凝炼，词汇难度也较高。

文章不会太长，每篇字数控制在300-400字，一般来说第一句是文章主题句并且不设空;一般每隔15-30个词会有一个空;空与空之间有完整意群。

文章中会挖出十个空,但是给出了十一个单词,让学生选择填空使文章完整。

【考点梳理】1.词汇方面以实词为主也就是指名词、动词、形容词、副词。

2.语法方面考察词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力。

3.逻辑方面考察上下文联系。

【解题策略】一、标注词性标注词性即是在看词的同时在脑海中反应出它的词性，并用笔在旁边做好标注，是做好选词填空最基础但也是最为重要的一步，在标注时要注意以下几点：① 多重词性：一个单词往往会有多个词性，因此在标注时除了第一时间反应出的词性，还要去想想这个单词是否有其它的词性（特别是动名词），选词填空做到最后如果剩下一两个空的词性怎么也匹配不上，就要回过头来考虑是不是遗漏了多重词性。

（如：feature/experience）① 近反义词：部分选词填空方框中会出现一组近义词或反义词（adj./adv.），大部分情况下其中一个会是干扰项，反义词只需读懂文意即可选出，而近义词则要求对词汇的精确理解，更强调细微的区别。

① 眼熟生词：高考选词填空是严格按照考纲要求设词的（模考不一定），因此遇到第一眼不认识的生词不要紧张，其通常都是你熟悉的单词加上前后缀构成的，这类单词可以通过类比和联想分析出它的含义和词性。

高考英语选词填空专练一A relative of mine once asked me:" Why should a Chinese take time to learn a language that is not his own" Obviously he has ___1____in learning a foreign language. He is not the only one who is mentally against English learning.One reason, as I suspect, is the way English is taught. The emphasis on memorization is such that no ___2____is left in the process, only endless irritation. What students are presented in the classroom is not the language in real-world ___3____. A Chinese student with extremely high scores for American standardized tests was ___4____ into one of the most famous universities. But his professors soon found out that he could___5____ understand the lesson. Suspecting that he___6____in the tests, the school demanded he repeat them. Again, he passed with high scores. Not till then did they realize that the student had mastered the techniques for dealing with the tests, not___7____the skills of using the language.Many people take TOFEL, IELTS, GRE, annual Band 4 and Band 6 exams not because they work in areas where English is a____8____tool,but because they have to do it for job promotion or enrollment in certain programme.Must English learning be such a pain in the neckCreate a(n)___9____ where learning English is natural land painless. Don't make it compulsory for people whose work or major does not require it. China will not become more___10___ by adding millions of people who can only say a simple "Hello."When Michelle Obama became first lady of the United States on January 20, she began to join her husband in a partnership to transform the public face America presents to the world. In the process, she is expected to ___41____ a new role that offers exciting opportunities and challenges.Although the positi on of first lady is unelected and unpaid, a president’s spouse has many official duties, some practical and some ceremonial or ___42____. As first lady, Michelle Obama will ___43___ her country when traveling overseas, and she will preside (担任) as hostess at White House state dinnersand other important functions. In addition, she will ___44___ continue meeting with citizens across the United States, much as she did during the 2008 presidential campaign.Modern . first ladies often devote part of their time to a public-service agenda of their own choosing. Michelle Obama already has indicated she is ___45___ interested in the ___46___ of military families, and her efforts on their behalf almost certainly will ensure that those families’ needs receive high-level attention.On a more ___47___ level, the first lady has told reporters she intends to ___48___ her obligations as “mom-in-chief” to the Obamas’ two young daughters, Malia and Sasha, as the girls adjust to their new home at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue. Her balancing act should be familiar to working mothers everywhere as she strives to meets the ___49___ of a fast-paced job while carving out time with her husband and children.A．avoiding B．regard C．correct D．properly AB．customAC．anyone AD．feature BC．those BD. notice CD．politeForeigners often fail to appreciate the formal code of greeting in France. The French shake hands with everyone(family, children, strangers), at home, on the way to work, at work, on leaving work, on the way home from work, etc. Thus, in an office , perhaps a dozen people, no work will be done for the first half hour while 41 who have not met since the day before, remind each other who they are.However, it is important to remember with whom one has shaken hands on any one day. The French 42 it as extremely bad manners to shake hands twice, as though one had not taken enough 43 for the first time.It is still the 44 to say “Bonjour” and “Au revoir” to others when entering or leaving a shop or bar. This is not because the French are too 45 . It is because they see acknowledging(注意) the existence of others as a way of 46 being rude. This may seem unbearably slight to others, but to the French it is most important. Manners mean civilization to them.Kissing is not so much of a(n) 47 of French life as others supposed. But when it does take place, it must be done 48 , according to the rules. The 49 order is left cheek, right cheek, left cheek---very formal, very stylized. In Paris four kisses are sometimes permitted: left, right, left, right.Barack Obama has been a hit in China. Apart from holding talks with Chinese leaders, the president ___41___ the Chinese with a lively question-and-answer session with college students. In fact, he is the first . president to visit China inside his first year in office.“The United States insists we do not seek to contain China’s rise,” he told Chinese students in Shanghai. “On the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and ___42___ and successful member of the community of nations.”The relationship has opened the door to partnerships on ___43 ___ global concerns including economic recovery, clean energy, climate change, and the ___44___ of peace and beyond, he added.Indeed, given these pressing issues, China and the United States have ___45___ found their future linked together. They discovered that the largest developing nation and the most powerful industrialized country have to work in concert.Obama’s visit to China on November 15-18 highlighted the complexity of arguably the most important bilateral (双边) relationship in the world. Moreover, for all their differences and disagreements, Beijing and Washington are ___46___ to manage their relations in a way that will contribute to world peace and development.Obama kicked off his first state visit to China in the country’s financial and economic centre, Shanghai, where he held a “town hall” meeting with more than 500 Chinese students. The one-hour discussion, during which Obama took ___47___ ranging from antiterrorism to recipes for success with his signature charisma (领袖魅力), was broadcast live on the websites.He ___48___ that young people could help build bridges in ___49___ — a process that he said must grow beyond the two countries’ governments to take root in the people.第一空，是在动词has后缺宾语名词，虽然有四个名词，但只有difficulty,有句型have difficulty in doing,故选difficulty。

上海市2015高考英语阅读、短文语法填空精练（2）答案（四月）阅读理解。

阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication—having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professional worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning(扫描)equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer's doctor didn't agree.What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about. As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it's best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often.1．People buy cell phones for the following reasons except that ________.A．they're popular B．they're convenientC．they're useful D．they're cheap答案：D细节理解题。

1. 如何确定空格为名词。
（1）空格前面出现冠词、形容词，空格内应填名词。
例如：Douglass grew up to become the first black __45__ to hold a government office—as US minister and consul general (总领事) to Haiti. （08 上海卷）
三、确定空格词性，预设答案， 筛选备用词。
首先根据语法知识确定被填入此空格词的词性， 不妨先预测自己心目中的答案，然后按标出的 词性进行筛选，将备选的单词逐个代入空格中 推敲句意。根据上下文逻辑关系，对语篇中缺 失信息进行猜测、推断、验证后做出正确的选 择。
四、重读全文，复查核定。
做完题目后，要仔细检查答案。一般情况下， 按照以上解题方法可以得出大部分空格的答案。 有时会遇到个别词汇无从下手，可以在剩下的 几个词汇里依靠语感尝试排除法。
of rubbish for the price of an expensive 同学们在复习迎考中要积累并熟练掌握高频词汇和常用词组搭配，注意一词多义并且能够在不同的语境中灵活运用，具备判断词性和
分析句子结构的技能。
bottle of wine. 第一句告知了文章的关键 It is sometimes placed among “situations ______”, although it does not offer anyone a job, and sometimes it appears among
buy just about anything. So says an 解析：空格前“the National Park Service (NPS) 在句中充当主语，缺少谓语。